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DATA
DICTIONARY
BY
OMER KHAN
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WHY DATABASE CAME INTO
EXISTENCE?Because..
When We Use Architecture R1,Mainframe
Manufacture By IBM And ProgrammingLanguage Used Cobol. In This Data Was Stored
In FILES Not In DB.
Drawback Is Writing & Reading A FILE.
In R2 ,DB2 Came To Existence And We Are
Following Same DB2(R3).
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WHAT IS SAP/R3?
SAP Is System Applications And Products In DataProcessing Developed By German Company In1972 In Walldorf.RStands For Real Time Data
Processing And 3 Stands For Three-TierArchitecture.
ADVANTAGES
Functionality. Flexible Structure.
Real Time Integration.
Enterprise Wide Integration.
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SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE
DATA BASE DATA BASE DATA BASE
PRESENTATIONSERVER
APPLICATIONSERVER
DATA BASESERVER
This IsLocation of DB
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DATA DICTIONARY
The ABAP Dictionary Centrally Describes And
Manages. All The Data Definitions Used In The
System.(TXN SE11)
It Is completely integrated in the ABAPWorkbench.
It supports The Definition Of User-Defined Types
(data elements, structures and table types). You can also define the structure of database
objects (tables, indexes and views) in the ABAP
Dictionary.
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TYPES OF DICTIONARY
OBJECTS.
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Tables Are The Entities Whose Information Is
Stored In a Data Base.
Information Stored In Tables In The Form Of
Rows & Columns.
Tables Are Client Independent or Dependent
Based Upon The Client.
TABLES
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TYPES OF TABLES:
1)Transparent Table.
2)Pooled Table.3) Cluster Table.
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TYPES OF TABLES
Transparent Table: Transparent Table do exits withthe same structure both in dictionary as well as in thedatabase.
In this both transaction and master data are stored.This is
one to one relationship. Pool table: Pooled tables can be used to store control
data (e.g. screen sequences, program parameters ortemporary data). Several pooled tables can be combinedto form a table pool. The table pool corresponds to aphysical table on the database in which all the records ofthe allocated pooled tables are stored.
Cluster table:Cluster tables contain continuous text, forexample, documentation. Several cluster tables can becombined to form a table cluster.
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Pool or cluster tables are special tables that are
used to store the data from different tables. This is
many to one relationship.
EXAMPLE:Transparent tables stores
individually in data base.
Tables
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Pooled or Cluster Tables
Assigning Different tables in one pooled is called
pooled table or cluster table.
Tables
Pooled (or) Cluster
Table
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FOREIGN KEY
Foreign key: It is relationship between two
tables.Join two tables with the help of key fields.
Example:
Foreign key
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TECHNICAL SETTINGS
The technical settings are used to individually
optimize the storage requirements and accessing
behavior of database tables.
1. Data Class
2. Size Category
3. Buffering
4. Log Data Changes
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BUFFERING TYPES
Single Record Buffering:Individual records of
tables with single-record buffering are managed in
the single-record table buffer TABLP.
Generic And Full table Buffers:Generic table areas
or full tables are managed in the generic/full table
buffer TABL.
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EXAMPLE
F1 F2 F3 F4
A 01
A 02
A 03
B 01
Single buffer
Fully buffer
Generic buffer
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LOG DATA CHANGES
Modifications to the entries of a table can be recorded and
stored using logging.
To activate logging, the corresponding field must be
selected in the technical settings.
Logging, however, only will take place if the R/3 System
was started with a profile containing parameter 'rec/client'.
Only selecting the flag in the ABAP Dictionary is notsufficient to trigger logging.
Log data Changes are saved in CDPOS & CDHDR tables.
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DOUBLE CLICK DOMAIN
TO CREATE
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TECHNICAL SETTINGS
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3) Help view: It can be used as selection method in
search helps. creating online help.
4) Maintenance views:Maintenance views provide
you with a business oriented view of the data.
which allows you to maintain data in a view and atthe database tables at the same time using
transaction SM30.
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2) Structure Type:
Structured types describe the structure andfunctions of any structured data objects, that is of
data structures with components of any type.
A component can be a field with an elementary
type or can itself be a structure. A table can also
be used as a component in a structure.
A database table always has a structure and istherefore implicitly a structured type. However,
the fields of a database table can only have an
elementary type.
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A Structure is similar to a Table that do nothave any contents. It is like Table or Viewwithout any records.
The basic difference between Structure andthe Table is that the Structure does not exist
at the underlying data base level. Structureexists as Definition in the Dictionary.
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SEARCH HELPS
Search help is input help (F4 help) which is a
standard function of the R/3 System.
A search help exit is a function module that hasa predefined interface.
Each search help exit must have the same
interface as function moduleF4IF_SHLP_EXIT_EXAMPLE.
All the interface parameters defined here are
mandatory.
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LOCK OBJECTS
These types of objects are used for locking the
access to database records in table.
This mechanism is used to enforce data integritythat is two users cannot update the same data at
the same time.with lock object you can lock table-
fields or whole table.
Two function modules are used for locking
(ENQUEUE) and unlocking (DEQUEUE).
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2)Shared lock: In this more than one user can
read the same data at the same time.
when the user changes the data then anotheruser can no longer access this data other user
cannot set exclusive lock when shared lock in
progress.
3)Exclusive but not cumulative:It can be allowed
only once in the same transaction.
It cannot be allowed more than once like exclusivelock on the same transaction.
Request for this lock cannot be accepted if the
exclusive lock is already set on the transaction.
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