Data selection

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N

Chemical CompositionsSAE Bar Composition

Nonsulfurized Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Resulferized Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Rephosphorized & Resulferized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Carbon Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56Standard Alloy Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

SAE Plate Composition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Mechanical PropertiesCase Hardening or Low Carbon Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58Medium Carbon or Direct Hardening Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58High Carbon or Direct Hardening Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59Heat Treated Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61Stainless Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

TolerancesCarbon & Alloy Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64Sheet Thickness Tolerances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64HR Carbon & Alloy Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65CF Carbon Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66CF Alloy Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66Structurals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Stainless Steel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67Sheared Mill Plates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

Useful Formulas & ConversionsCold Finished Bar MachiningAllowance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69Machinability Ratings for

Cold Drawn Steel Bars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Approximate Hardness Conversion Numbers for Steel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Circumference & Areas of Circles/Inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70Cold Rolled Steel Strip Tempers & Edges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71Metric System of Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72Inches to Millimeters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Millimeters to Inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73Useful Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74Fractions & Decimal Equivalents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

DATA SECTION

➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔

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N SAE Bar CompositionsReference ASTM A29 & SAE J403Nonresulferized Carbon Steels

SAE P SNo. C Mn Max. Max.


SAE Bar CompositionsResulferized Carbon Steels


SAE Bar CompositionsRephosphorized and Resulferized Carbon Steels

SAENo. C Mn P S Pb

1005 0.06 max 0.35 max .040 .0501006 0.08 max 0.25-0.40 .040 .0501008 0.10 max 0.30-0.50 .040 .0501010 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501011 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501012 0.10-0.15 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501013 0.11-0.16 0.50-0.80 .040 .0501015 0.13-0.18 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501016 0.13-0.18 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501017 0.15-0.20 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501018 0.15-0.20 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501019 0.15-0.20 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501020 0.18-0.23 0.30-0.60 .040 .050

M1020 0.17-0.24 0.25-0.60 .040 .0501021 0.18-0.23 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501022 0.18-0.23 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501023 0.20-0.25 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501025 0.22-0.28 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501026 0.22-0.28 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501029 0.25-0.31 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501030 0.28-0.34 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501034 0.32-0.38 0.50-0.80 .040 .0501035 0.32-0.38 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501037 0.32-0.38 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501038 0.35-0.42 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501039 0.37-0.44 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501040 0.37-0.44 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501042 0.40-0.47 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501043 0.40-0.47 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501044 0.43-0.50 0.30-0.60 .040 .050

M1044 0.40-0.50 0.25-0.60 .040 .0501045 0.43-0.50 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501046 0.43-0.50 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501049 0.46-0.53 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501050 0.48-0.55 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501053 0.48-0.55 0.70-1.00 .040 .0501055 0.50-0.60 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501059 0.55-0.65 0.50-0.80 .040 .0501060 0.55-0.65 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501064 0.60-0.70 0.50-0.80 .040 .0501065 0.60-0.70 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501069 0.65-0.75 0.40-0.70 .040 .0501070 0.65-0.75 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501071 0.65-0.75 0.75-1.05 .040 .0501074 0.70-0.80 0.50-0.80 .040 .0501075 0.70-0.80 0.40-0.70 .040 .0501078 0.72-0.85 0.30-0.60 .040 .0501080 0.75-0.88 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501084 0.80-0.93 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501086 0.80-0.93 0.30-0.50 .040 .0501090 0.85-0.93 0.60-0.90 .040 .0501095 0.90-1.03 0.30-0.50 .040 .050

Continued

1108 0.08-0.13 0.60-0.80 .040 .08-.131110 0.08-0.13 0.30-0.60 .040 .08-.131117 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 .040 .08-.131116 0.14-0.20 1.10-1.40 .040 .16-.231118 0.14-0.20 1.30-1.60 .040 .08-.131119 0.14-0.20 1.00-1.30 .040 .24-.331137 0.32-0.39 1.35-1.65 .040 .08-.131139 0.35-.430 1.35-1.65 .040 .13-.201140 0.37-.440 0.70-1.00 .040 .08-.131141 0.37-.450 1.35-1.65 .040 .08-.131144 0.40-.480 1.35-1.65 .040 .24-.331145 0.42-.490 0.70-1.00 .040 .04-.071146 0.42-.490 0.70-1.00 .040 .08-.131151 0.48-.550 0.70-1.00 .040 .08-.13

1211 0.13 max. 0.60-0.90 .07-.12 .10-.15 –1212 0.13 max. 0.70-1.00 .07-.12 .16-.23 –1213 0.13 max. 0.70-1.00 .07-.12 .24-.33 –12L13 0.13 max. 0.70-1.00 .07-.12 .24-.33 .15-.351215 0.09 max. 0.75-1.05 .04-.09 .26-.35 –12L14 0.15 max. 0.85-.1.15 .04-.09 .26-.35 .15-.3512L15 0.09 max. 0.75-1.05 .04-.09 .26-.35 .15-.35

1513 0.10-0.16 1.10-1.40 .040 .0501518 0.15-0.21 1.10-1.40 .040 .0501522 0.18-0.24 1.10-1.40 .040 .0501524 0.19-0.25 1.35-1.65 .040 .0501525 0.23-0.29 0.80-1.10 .040 .0501526 0.22-0.29 1.10-1.40 .040 .0501527 0.22-0.29 1.20-1.50 .040 .0501536 0.30-0.37 1.20-1.50 .040 .0501541 0.36-0.44 1.35-1.65 .040 .0501547 0.43-0.51 1.35-1.65 .040 .0501548 0.44-0.52 1.10-1.40 .040 .0501551 0.45-0.56 0.85-1.15 .040 .0501552 0.47-0.55 1.20-1.50 .040 .0501561 0.55-0.65 0.75-1.05 .040 .0501566 0.60-0.71 0.85-1.15 .040 .0501572 0.65-0.76 1.00-1.30 .040 .050

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NSAE Bar CompositionsStandard Alloy Steel

SAENo. C Mn Ni Cr Mo


MOLYBDENUM STEELS

4012 .09-0.14 0.75-1.00 – – .15-.254023 .20-0.25 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304024 .20-0.25 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304027 .25-0.30 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304028 .25-0.30 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304032 .30-0.35 0.70-0.90 – – 20-.304037 .35-0.40 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304042 .40-0.45 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.304047 .45-0.50 0.70-0.90 – – .20-.30

CHROMIUM-MOLYBDENUM STEELS

4118 .18-0.23 0.70-0.90 – 0.40-0.60 .08-.154130 .28-0.33 0.40-0.60 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254135 .33-0.38 0.70-0.90 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254137 .35-0.40 0.70-0.90 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254140 .38-0.43 0.75-1.00 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254142 .40-0.45 0.75-1.00 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254145 .43-0.48 0.75-1.00 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254147 .45-0.50 0.75-1.00 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254150 .48-0.53 0.75-1.00 – 0.80-1.10 .15-.254161 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 – 0.70-0.90 .25-.35

NICKEL—CHROMIUM—MOLYBDENUM STEELS

4320 .17-0.22 0.45-0.65 1.65-2.00 0.40-0.60 .20-.304340 .38-0.43 0.60-0.80 1.65-2.00 0.70-0.90 .20-.30E4340 .38-0.43 0.65-0.85 1.65-2.00 0.70-0.90 .20-.30

NICKEL 1.75%—MOLYBDENUM 0.25% STEEL

4615 .13-0.18 0.45-0.65 1.65-2.00 – .20-.304620 .17-0.22 0.45-0.65 1.65-2.00 – .20-.304621 .18-0.23 0.70-0.90 1.65-2.00 – .20-.304626 .24-0.29 0.45-0.65 0.70-1.00 – .15-.25

NICKEL 1.05%—CHROMIUM 0.45%MOLYBDENUM 0.20%

4718 .16-0.21 0.70-0.90 0.90-1.20 0.35-0.55 .30-.404720 .17-0.22 0.50-0.70 0.90-1.20 0.35-0.55 .15-.25

NICKEL 3.50%—MOLYBDENUM 0.25%

4815 .13-0.18 0.40-0.60 3.25-3.75 – .20-.304817 .15-0.20 0.40-0.60 3.25-3.75 – .20-.304820 .18-0.23 0.50-0.70 3.25-3.75 – .20-.30

CHROMIUM STEEL

5017 .12-0.17 0.30-0.50 – 0.30-0.50 –5046 .43-0.48 0.75-1.00 – 0.20-0.35 –5115 .13-0.18 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5117 .15-0.20 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5120 .17-0.22 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5130 .28-0.33 0.70-0.90 – 0.80-1.10 –5132 .30-0.35 0.60-0.80 – 0.75-1.00 –5135 .33-0.38 0.60-0.80 – 0.80-1.05 –5140 .38-0.43 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5145 .43-0.48 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5147 .46-0.51 0.70-0.95 – 0.85-1.15 –5150 .48-0.53 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5155 .51-0.59 0.70-0.90 – 0.70-0.90 –5160 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 – 0.70-0.90 –E50100 .98-1.10 0.25-0.45 – 0.40-0.60 –E51100 .98-1.10 0.25-0.45 – 0.90-1.15 –E52100 .98-1.10 0.25-0.45 – 1.30-1.60 –

CHROMIUM—VANADIUM STEELS

6118 .16-0.21 0.50-0.70 – 0.50-0.70 .10-.15V6150 .48-0.53 0.70-0.90 – 0.80-1.10 .15min.V

NICKEL 0.55%--CHROMIUM 0.50%MOLYBDENUM 0.20%-0.30%

8615 .13-0.18 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258617 .15-0.20 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258620 .18-0.23 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258622 .20-0.25 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258625 .23-0.28 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258627 .25-0.30 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258630 .28-0.33 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258637 .35-0.40 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258640 .38-0.43 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258642 .40-0.45 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258645 .48-0.48 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258650 .48-0.53 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258655 .51-0.59 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258660 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .15-.258720 .18-0.23 0.70-0.90 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .20-.308740 .38-0.43 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .20-.308822 .20-0.25 0.75-1.00 0.40-0.70 0.40-0.60 .30-.409260 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 _ _ _

STANDARD BORON STEELSBoron content of 0.0005% to 0.003%

SAENo. C Mn Si Ni Cr Mo

50B40 .38-0.43 0.75-1.00 .15.35 – .40-.60 –50B44 .43-0.48 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 – .40-.60 –50B46 .44-0.49 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 – .20-.35 –50B50 .48-0.53 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 – .40-.60 –50B60 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 – .40-.60 –51B60 .56-0.64 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 – .70-.90 –81B45 .43-0.48 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 .20-.40 .35-.55 .08-.1586B45 .43-0.48 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 .40-.70 .40-.60 .15-.2594B15 .13-0.18 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 .30-.60 .30-.50 .08-.1594B17 .15-0.20 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 .30-.60 .30-.50 .08-.1594B30 .28-0.33 0.75-1.00 .15-.35 .30-.60 .30-.60 .08-.15

NOTE: Phosphorous is 0.35% max., sulfur, 0.040% max.

1-800-972-9615 | Chapin & Bangs

SAE Plate CompositionsStandard Alloy Steels


4130 .27-0.34 .35-0.60 – .80-1.15 .15-0.254140 .36-0.44 .70-1.00 – .80-1.15 .15-0.25E4150 .46-0.54 .75-1.10 – .80-1.15 .15-0.254340 .36-0.44 .55-0.80 1.65-2.00 .60-0.90 .20-0.306150 .46-0.54 .60-0.90 – .80-1.15 _8615 .12-0.18 .60-0.90 .40-0.70 .35-0.60 .15-0.258617 .15-0.21 .60-0.90 .40-0.70 .35-0.60 .15-0.258620 .17-0.23 .60-0.90 .40-0.70 .35-0.60 .15-0.25

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N Mechanical Properties of SteelThe mechanical properties shown below are for general information purposes and are for steels in the as-rolled condition.

Machin-% % ability

Cond. Tensile Yield Elong Red. Ratingof Str. Str. in of Hardness (C1212

SAE Steel KSI KSI 2” Area Br. R =100)

M1020 Hot R’d. 55 30 25 50 111 B62 50

1018 Hot R’d. 58 32 25 50 116 B65 52

Cold Dr. 64 54 15 40 126 B70 70

Core Props: carburized at 1700˚F., cooled, reheated to 1425˚, 350˚ Q&T.

92.00 56 27 48 195 B92 –

10L18 Cold Dr. 64 54 15 40 126 B70 80

1020 Hot R’d. 55 30 25 50 111 B62 52

12L14 Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 180

12L14+Te Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 250

1215 Cold Dr. 78 60 10 35 165 B85 136

1117 Hot R’d. 62 34 23 47 121 B68 90

Cold Dr. 69 58 15 40 137 B75 90


96.5 59 23 53 195 B92 –

11L17 Hot R’d. 62 34 23 47 121 B68 100

Cold Dr. 69 58 15 40 137 B75 125


97 60 23 52 197 B92 –

86L20 Hot R’d. 91 66 25 64 185 B90 88

Cold Dr. 103 86 23 58 210 B95 92


135 105 21 54 262 C26 –

E4320 Hot R’d. 84 61 29 58 165 B85 55

Cold Dr. 98 81 18 54 205 B94 60

Core Props: carburized at 1700˚F., cooled, reheated to 1500˚, 300˚ oil Q&T.

218 178 14 48 429 – –

4615-17 Hot R’d. 82 62 28 65 185 B90 58

Cold Dr. 99 84.6 19 61 210 B95 64


110 80 25 61 229 C20 –

4620 Hot R’d. 85 63 28 64 185 B90 58

E4620 Cold Dr. 101 85 22 60 207 B94 64


120 89 22 55 2448 C24 –

8620 Hot R’d. 89 65 25 63 190 B91 60

Cold Dr. 102 85 22 58 210 B95 63


129 99 21 52 255 C25 –

Case Hardening or Low Carbon Bars (as rolled) Medium Carbon or Direct Hardening Bars

Machin-% % ability



1035 Hot R’d. 72 39.5 18 40 143 B90 65

Water Quenched, 1550˚F.—Tempered 1000˚F.

103 72 23 59 201 B94 –

M1044 Hot R’d. 80 44 16 40 166 B86 65

1045 Hot R’d. 82 45 16 40 162 B84 56

Cold Dr. 91 77 12 35 180 B89 65


120 90 18 52 240 C22 –

1045 TG&P 82 45 16 40 162 B84 56

1137 Cold Dr. 88 48 15 35 180 B89 70

Oil Quenched, 1550˚F.—Tempered 1000˚F.

112 88 21 56 255 C25 –

1141 Hot R’d. 94 51.5 15 35 190 B91 65

Cold Dr. 105 88 10 30 210 B95 70


126 100 19 54 277 C29 –

1141 TG&P 94 51.5 15 35 190 B91 65

1141 Drawn, G&P 105 88 10 30 205 B94 70

11L41 Hot R’d. 94 51.5 15 35 185 B90 95

Cold Dr. 105 88 10 30 205 B94 100


126 101 20 54 277 C29 –

1144 Hot R’d. 97 53 15 35 210 B95 64

Cold Dr. 108 90 10 30 217 C22 80


129 100.5 18 53 278 C30 –

E4130 Hot R’d. 86 56 29 57 185 B90 65

Cold Dr. 98 87 21 52 200 B93 70


146 133 17 50 293 C31 –

4140 Hot R’d. 89 62 26 58 190 B91 57

Cold Dr. 102 90 18 50 228 B98 66


153 131 16 45 302 C32 –

4147-50 Hot R’d. 100 66 21 51 195 B92 54


158 134 14 42 311 C33 –

41L40-42 Hot R’d. 91 63 27 58 185 B90 87

Cold Dr. 103 93 19 51 228 B98 90


156 133 16 44 311 C33 –

Continued on Next Page

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Medium Carbon or Direct Hardening Bars (Cont.)

Machin-% % ability



41L47/50 Hot R’d. 103 69 23 51 205 B94 80

Rounds Cold Dr. 112 95 16 43 228 B98 85


162 138 14 40 311 C33 –

4150 Mod. RS Hot R’d. 103 69 23 51 205 B94 73

Flats, Sqs. Oil Quenched, 1550˚F.—Tempered 1000˚F.

160 135 14 41 311 C33 –

4340 C4340 Hot R’d. 101 69 21 45 210 B95 45

Cold Dr. 111 99 16 42 228 B98 55


182 162 15 40 363 C39 –

E6150 Hot R’d. 91 58 22 53 185 B90 50


155 132 15 44 302 C32 –

E8740 Cold Dr. 107 96 17 48 228 B98 66


152 129 15 44 302 C32 –

High Carbon or Direct Hardening Bars

Machin-% % ability



1095 Hot R’d. 120 66 10 25 271 C28 –


200 138 12 37 390 C42 –

52100 Hot R’d. 100 81 25 57 192 – 39

Cold Dr. 107 87.5 17 54 229 – 41

SP. Ann

Mechanical Properties of Steel

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Min. Min. Machin-Tensile Min. % % abilityStrength Yield Elong Red. Rating

Thermal (KSI) Range Strength in of Surface Hardness (C1212Grade Condition or Min. (KSI) 2” Area Brinell HRC =100)

4140/42 HR Over 7-91/2” 105 80 15 40 269/321 28/34 55

ASTM A434 QTSR Over 91/2” – – – – – – –

CL. BC CF DGP Thru 1” 110 130 16 50 269/321 28/34 55

4340 ASTM A434 QTSR Thru 11/2” 155 130 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

CL. BD TGP Over 11/2-21/2” 150 120 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

Over 2 1/2-4” 140 110 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

Over 4-7” 135 105 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

Over 7-91/2” 130 100 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

Over 91/2” 130 100 14 35 302/363 32/39 52

Stressproof CD Thru 2” 115 100 8 25 – – 83

ASTM A311 As Drawn Over 2-3” 115 100 8 20 – – 83

CL.B Heavy Over 3-41/2” 115 100 8 20 – – 83

SAE 1144 Draft

Fatigue-Proof Elevated 140 125 5 15 280 Min. 30 Min. 80

SAE 1144 Temp

Drawn

e.t.d. 150 Elevated 150 130 10 37 302 Min. 32 Min. –

Temp (Mean) (Mean)

Drawn

41L40/42/47 HR & CF 125 100 15 45 269/321 27/34 70

QTSR

4150 Mod. RS Norm & – – – – 241/302 23/32 62

HR Square SR

Thru 6”

4150 Mod. RS QTSR Thru 11/2” 130 110 16 50 262/311 27/33 62

HR Rounds Over 11/2-21/2” 125 110 16 50 262/311 27/33 62

Over 21/2-4” 115 95 16 45 262/311 27/33 62

Over 4-7” 110 85 16 45 262/311 27/33 62

7-91/2” 105 80 15 40 262/321 27/34 62

Over 91/2” – – – – – – –

Heat Treated Bars/Minimum Mechanical Properties

Properties area at center of bars up to 11/2“, and at mid-radius of bars over 11/2“,.Yield Strength – 0.2% or .02% offset as indicated per ASTM E8.


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Plates


Approx.Condition Tensile Yield % % Brinell

of Strength Strength Elong. Elong. Hard-Grade Steel KSI KSI in 2” in 8” ness

Structural Quality ALLOY

ASTM A36, ASME SA36 As Rolled 58 to 80 36 Min. 23 20 137

EX-TEN 50

ASTM A572(50) As Rolled 65 Min. 50 Min. 21 18 143

Cor-Ten A

ASTM A242 As Rolled 70 Min. 50 Min. – 16 156

Cor-Ten B

ASTM A588(A) As Rolled 70 Min. 50 Min. 19 16 156

ASTM A656 Gr. 50 As Rolled 60 Min. 50 Min. – 20 123/159

ASTM A656 Gr. 80 As Rolled 95 Min. 80 Min. 18 12 212/255

T-1 Type A ASTM A514 Gr. B Q&T 110 to 130 100 Min. 16 – 235/293

T-1 Type B ASTM A514 Gr. H Q&T 110 to 130 100 Min. 16 – 235/293

T-1 ASTM A514 Gr. F Q&T 110 to 130 100 Min. 16 – 235/293

T-1 Type C ASTM A514 Gr. Q Q&T 110 to 130 90 Min. 14 – 235/293

Pressure Vessel Quality Carbon

ASTM A285, ASME SA285

Grade C As Rolled 55 to 75 30 Min. 27 23 137


Grade 70 As Rolled 70 to 90 38 Min. 21 17 163

Norm--


Grade II Ann. 60 to 85 35 Min. 22 19 135/174


Grade 22 N&T 75 to 100 45 Min. 18 – 149/207

Intermediate Carbon

AISI 1045 As Rolled 90 50 – – 187

Improved Machining Carbon

C1119 As Rolled 68 to 78 37 to 40 20/40% 15/35% 140/150

Abrasion Resisting

AR Carbon As Rolled – – – – 212/255

T-1 Type A

321 Min. BHN Q&T – – – – 321 Min

Through Hardening

4130 As Rolled 90 52 28 – 179

4140 Annealed 95 54 25 – 197

4340 MTS Annealed 100 58 21 – 229

E6150 Annealed 97 55 23 – 197

E4150 Norm & Temp. 145 115 14 – 262/321

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N Stainless Steel

Austenitic/Chrome-Nickle (Non-Hardening)

303 304 304L 309 310 316 316L 321

Chemical Comp.(%)Chromium...............................17.-19. 18.-20. 18.-20. 22.-24. 24.-26. 16.-18. 16.-18. 17.-19.Nickel ......................................8.-10. 8.-11. 8.-11. 12.-15. 19.-22 10.-14 10.-14 9.-12.Other elements (a)...................5.15-4.0 – – – – Mo.2.-3. Mo 2.-3. T15XCmmCarbon ....................................15 max .08 max .03 max .20 max .25 max .25max .03 max .08 maxManganese..............................2. max 2.max 2.max 2.max 2.max 2.max 2.max 2.maxSilicon.....................................1.max 1.max 1.max 1.max 1.5max 1.max 1.max 1.maxMachinability rating ................70 48 48 – – 45 45 50

Physical DataMelting—˚F …………… ....2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550 2550Density—lb./in.3 ……… ....0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29 0.29Specific heat—Blu ˚F/lb(32-212F)…….. .....0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12Thermal Conductivity—BTU/ft2/hr/˚F/ft: ......................212 F……………………...9.4 9.4 9.4 9.0 8.0 9.4 9.4 9.3932 F……………………...12.4 12.4 12.4 10.8 10.8 12.4 12.4 12.8Mean Coeffi. Of exp.—In/in/˚F X 10668.212F………………… ...9.2 9.2 9.2 8.7 8.0 92 9.2 8.368 lo indicated—F……… ....11.0 11.0 11.0 10.9 10.9 10.7 10.7 10.6(1600) .....................................(1600) (1600) (2100) (2100) (1600) (1600) (1700)

Electrical Prop.Magnetic Perm…………......1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02 1.02Electrical resistivity—68F……………………......72.0 72.0 72.0 78.0 78.0 74.0 72.0 72.01200 F …………………....116.0 116.0 116.0 114.8 – 116.0 116.0 –

Heat Resist.Max. operating ˚F:Intermittent …………… ......1400 1600 1600 1800 1900 1600 1600 1600Continuous ……………......1700 1700 1700 2000 2100 1700 1700 1700

Temperatures––˚FForging—start …………. ....2250 2200 2200 2150 2150 2200 2200 2200Forging—finish ………........1700 1700 1700 1800 1800 1700 1700 1700Annealing—Ranges…….......1800- 1800- 1800- 2050- 2050- 1975- 1800- 1800-

2000 1950 1950 2150 2150 2150 2000 2000Annealing—cooling (b)... .......WQ WQ(AC) AC WQ(AC) WQ(AC) WQ(AC) AC WQ(AC)Hardening—ranges…….. ..... Hardenable only by cold workingQuenching (0) Oil, (A) AirTempering—for hardnessDrawing—for stress relieving

Mech. Prop (nominal) anld.Structure annealed(C) …........A A A A A A A AYield strength-KSI-min….......35 35 30 40 30 35 30 35Ultimate strengthKSI—min……………….....90 85 80 95 75 85 75 85Elong--% ................................In 2 inches—min……… ......50 55 55 45 40 60 60 55Red. In area--% min……. .....55 70 70 65 50 70 70 65Mod. Of elast. –Lb/in.2 X 106 ………….......29 29 29 29 30 29 29 29Hardness—Brinell(max…......160mm 180 180 200 180 200 180 200Hardness-Rockwell(max). .......B80mm B90 B90 895 B90 B95 890 B95Impact values—Izod–ft.lb (min) ……………. .....60 85 80 80 80 70 80 80

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Martensitic/ FerriticChrome (Non-

(Hardenable) Hardenable)

410 416 440C 430

Mech. Prop. –anld.Structure annealed. . . . . . . . FC FC FC FCYield strengthKSI-min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 40 65 45Ultimate strengthKSI-min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 75 110 75Elongation—% in 2 inches—min . . . . . 35.0 30.0 14.0 30.0Red. In area % min . . . . . . 70.0 65.0 25.0 65.0Mod of elast.Lb.in.2 X 103 . . . . . . . . . . . 29.0 29.0 30.0 29.0Hardness—Brinell(max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 180 260 200Hardness-Rockwell(max) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B95 B90 B105 B95Impact values—Izod–ft.lb (min) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 – Low 3-85

Mech. Prop. –HT:Yield Strength –KSI . . . . . 38-180 500-115 60-275 –Ultimate Strength –KSI . . 60-200 900-1400 100-285 –Elongation—% in 2 inches . . . . . . . . . . 25-2 25-15 8-1 –Hardness—Brinell . . . . . 120-400 180-280 200-600 –Hardness—Rockwell . . . B70-C45 B90-C30 B95-C58 –

Creep strengthKSI at 1000 F:1 % Flow on 10,000 hr . . . . 12 – – 8.51 % Flow on 100,000 hr . . 11 – – 6.5

(a) Phosphorus and Sulfur are present(b) Thin sections of the 300 Series, marked WQ(AC) are usually air

cooled; heavy sections, water quenched, AC=Air Cool. FC= Furnace Cool. SFC = Slow Furnace Cool. WQ = Water Quench. C=Carbide, A=Austenite.

Stainless Steel

Precpitation Hardening

17-4 Ann (Aisi 630) 17-4 H1150

Mech. Prop. –anld.Yield strengthKSI – min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .– 105Ultimate strengthKSI-min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .– 135Elongation—% in 2 inches –min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .– 16Reduction of area% min . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .– 50Hardness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .363 BHN 28 MIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .MAX HRC

Machinability Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .45 50

1-800-972-9615 | Chapin & Bangs

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N Plate TolerancesCarbon & Alloy Plate

Permissible Variations in Thickness for RectangularCarbon, High-Strength, Low Alloy, and Alloy- SteelPlates, When Ordered to ThicknessNOTE 1 – Permissible variation under Specified thickness, 0.01 in.NOTE 2 – Thickness to be measured at 3/8 to 3/4 in. From the longitudinal edge.NOTE 3 – For Thickness measured at any location other than that specified

in Note 2, the permissible maximum over tolerance shall be increased by 75%, rounded to the nearest 0.01 in.

Tolerance Over Specified Thickness for Widths Given, in.Over 60- 72- 84- 96- 108- 120-

Specified 48 & 48-60, 72, 84, 96, 108, 120, 132,Thickness, in. Under excl excl excl excl excl excl excl

To 1/4, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.031/4 to 15/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.0415/16 to 3/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.043/8 to 7/16, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.047/16 to 1/2, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.041/2 to 5/8, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.045/8 to 3/4, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.043/4 to 1, excl 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.051 to 2, excl 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.102 to 3, excl 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.133 to 4, excl 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.154 to 6, excl 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.156 to 10, excl 0.23 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.2410 to 12, excl 0.29 0.29 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.3312 to 15, incl 0.29 0.29 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35

Permissible Variations in Width & Length for Sheared Plates 11/2 in. and Under in ThicknessVariations over Specified Width & Length* for

Specified Dimensions, in. Thicknesses, in., & Equivalent Weights, lb/ft2, Given

Length Width To 3/8, excl 3/8-5/8 excl 5/8-1, excl 1-2, excl

W L W L W L W L

To 120, excl To 60, excl 3/8 1/2 7/16 5/8 1/2 3/4 5/8 160 to 84, excl 7/16 5/8 1/2 11/16 5/8 7/8 3/4 184 to 108, excl 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 1 17/8

108 and over 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/8 11/8 11/4

120 to 240, excl To 60, excl 3/8 3/4 1/2 7/8 5/8 1 3/4 11/8

60 to 84, excl 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1 7/8 11/4

84 to 108, excl 9/16 7/8 11/16 5/16 13/16 11/8 1 13/8

108 and over 5/8 1 3/4 11/8 7/8 11/4 11/8 13/8

240 to 360, excl To 60, excl 3/8 1 1/2 11/8 5/8 11/4 3/4 11/2

60 to 84, excl 1/2 1 5/8 11/8 3/8 11/4 7/8 11/2

84 to 108, excl 9/16 1 11/16 11/8 7/8 13/8 1 11/2

108 and over 11/16 17/8 7/8 11/4 1 13/8 11/4 13/4

360 to 480, excl To 60, excl 7/16 17/8 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 15/8

60 to 84, excl 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8

84 to 108, excl 9/16 11/4 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 17/8

108 and over 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 15/8 11/4 17/8

* Permissible variation under specified width and length, 1/4 in.

Permissible Variations in Width & Length for Rectangular Plates When Gas Cutting isSpecified or Required

NOTE 1 – These variations may be taken all under or divided over and under, if so specified

ALLOY CARBONVariations Over for All Variations Over for All

Specified Thickness, in. Specified Widths or Specified Widths orLengths, In. Lengths, In.

To 2, excl 3/4 1/2

2 to 4, excl 1 5/8

4 to 6, excl 11/8 3/4

6 to 8, excl 15/16 7/8

8 to 15, mcl 1 1/2 1

Sheet Thickness TolerancesHot Rolled HR P & O Cold Rolled Galvanized

Hot Rolled, HR P & O, Cold Rolled GalvanizedGage Dec. Toler, Range Lbs. Per Dec. Toler Lbs.PerNo. Equiv. HR, P&O CR Sq. Ft. Equiv. Range Sq. Ft.

.2242 .2332 9.375.2152

.2092 .2182 8.750.2002

.1943 .2033 8.125.1853

.1793 .1873 .1873 7.500.1713 .1713

.1644 .1724 .1724 6.875 .1681 .1771 7.031.1564 .1564 .1591

.1495 .1575 .1575 6.250 .1532 .1622 6.406.1415 .1415 .1442

.1345 .1425 .1405 5.625 .1382 .1472 5.781.1265 .1285 .1292

.1196 .1276 .1256 5.000 .1233 .1323 5.156.1116 .1136 .1143

.1046 .1126 .1106 4.375 .1084 .1174 4.531.0966 .0986 .0994

.0897 .0967 .0947 3.750 .0934 .1014 3.906.0827 .0847 .0854

.0747 .0817 .0797 3.125 .0785 .0865 3.281.0677 .0697 .0705

.0673 .0733 .0723 2.813 .0710 .0770 2.969.0613 .0623 .0650

.0598 .0658 .0648 2.500 0.635 .0695 2.656.0538 .0548 .0575

.0538 .0598 .0578 2.250 .0575 .0625 2.406.0478 .0498 .0525

.0478 .0528 .0518 2.000 .0516 .0566 2.156.0428 .0438 .0466

.0418 .0458 1.750 .0456 .0506 1.906.0378 .0406

.0359 .0389 1.500 .0396 .0436 1.656.0329 .0356

.0329 .0359 1.375 .0366 .0406 1.531.0299 .0326

.0299 .0329 1.250 .0336 .0376 1.406.0269 .0296

.0269 .0299 1.125 .0306 .0346 1.281.0239 .0266

.0239 .0269 1.000 .0276 .0316 1.156.0209 .0236

.0209 .0239 .875 .0247 .0287 1.031.0179 .0207

.0179 .0199 .750 .0217 .0247 .906.0159 .0187

.0164 .0184 .688 .0202 .0232 .844.0144 .0172

.0149 .0169 .625 .0187 .0217 .781.0129 .0157

.0172 .0202 .719.0142

.0157 .0187 .656.0127

4

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12

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17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

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Permitted Variations Over or Under Specified Thickness, Permitted Variations From for Thicknesses Given in inches, in. Specified Widths, in

Specified Width, in. 0.203 to Over 1 Over 20.230, 0.230 to 1/4 to 1/2, Over 1/2 to to 2, to 3, Over 3 Over Under

excl 1/4, excl incl.. 1, incl.. incl.. incl..

To 1, incl.. 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.010 – – – 1/64 1/64

Over 1 to 2, incl.. 0.007 0.007 0.012 0.015 1/32 – – 1/32 1/32

Over 2 to 4, incl.. 0.008 0.008 0.015 0.020 1/32 3/64 3/64 1/16 1/32

Over 4 to 6, incl.. 0.009 0.009 0.015 0.020 1/32 3/64 3/64 3/32 1/16

Over 6 to 8, incl.. A 0.015 0.016 0.025 1/32 3/64 1/16 1/8 3/32B

A Flats over 6 to 8 in, incl., in width are not available as hot-rolled carbon steel bars in thickness under 0.230 in.B For flats over 6 to 8 in, in width, and to 3 in. incl in thickness.

Bar TolerancesHR Carbon & Alloy Bars

Bar TolerancesPermitted Variations in Sectional Dimensionsfor Round and Square Bars and Round-Cornered Squares

Permitted Variations Permitted from Out-of-Round or

Specified Size, in. Specified Size, in. out-of-Square,Over Under in.A

To 5/16 0.005 0.005 0.008

Over 5/16 to 7/16, incl.. 0.006 0.006 0.009

Over 7/16 to 5/8, incl.. 0.007 0.007 0.010

Over 5/8 to 7/8, incl.. 0.008 0.008 0.012

Over 7/8 to 1, incl.. 0.009 0.009 0.013

Over 1 to 11/8, incl.. 0.010 0.010 0.015

Over 11/8 to 11/4 , incl.. 0.011 0.011 0.016

Over 11/4 to 13/8, incl.. 0.012 0.012 0.018

Over 13/8 to 11/2, incl.. 0.014 0.014 0.021

Over 11/2 to 2, incl.. 1/64 1/64 0.023

Over 2 to 21/2, incl.. 1/32 0 0.023

Over 21/2 to 31/2, incl.. 3/64 0 0.035

Over 31/2 to 41/2, incl.. 1/16 0 0.046

Over 41/2 to 51/2, incl.. 5/64 0 0.058

Over 51/2 to 61/2, incl.. 1/8 0 0.070

Over 61/2 to 81/4, incl.. 5/32 0 0.085

Over 81/2 to 91/2, incl.. 3/16 0 0.100

Over 91/2 to 10, incl.. 1/4 0 0.120

A Out-of-round is the difference between the maximum and minimumdiameters of the bar, measured at the same transverse cross section. Out-of-square section is the difference is perpendicular distance betweenopposite faces, measured at the same transverse cross section.

Bar TolerancesPermitted Variations in Sectional Dimensionsfor Hexagons

Permitted Variations Permitted Specified Size from Out-of-HexagonBetween Opposite Specified Size, in. section, ThreeSides, in. Measurements

Over Under in.A

1/2 and under 0.007 0.007 0.011

Over 1/2 to 1, incl.. 0.010 0.010 0.015

Over 1 to 11/2 incl.. 0.021 0.013 0.025

Over 11/2 to 2, incl.. 1/32 1/64 1/32

Over 2 to 21/2 incl.. 3/64 1/64 3/64

Over 21/2 to 31/2, incl.. 1/16 1/64 1/16

A Out-of-hexagon section is the greatest difference in distance betweenany two opposite faces measured at the same transverse cross section.

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Undersize Variations in InchesMax. CarbonRange Over55% or all

Max. all GradesCarbon Quenched &Range Tempered

Max. to or NormalizedMax. Carbon 0.55% Incl. And

Carbon Range Stress Relieved TemperedRange Over or Annealed Before

Size Range .28% .28% to After Cold ColdIn Inches or less .55% incl. Finishing Finishing

To 1 incl. (in coils) .002 .003 .004 .005To 11/2 incl. .003 .004 .005 .006Over 11/2 to 21/2 .004 .005 .006 .007Over 21/2 to 4 .005 .006 .007 .008Over 4 to 6 .006 .007 .008 .009Over 6 to 8 .007 .008 .009 .010Over 8 t0 9 .008 .009 .010 .011Over 9 .009 .010 .011 .012

Cold Drawn Hexagons

To 3/4, incl. .003 .004 .005 .007Over 3/4 to 11/2 .004 .005 .006 .008Over 11/2 to 21/2 .005 .006 .007 .009Over 21/2 to 31/8 .006 .007 .008 .010

Cold Drawn Squares

To 3/4, Incl. .003 .005 .006 .008Over 3/4 to 11/2 .004 .006 .007 .009Over 11/2 to 21/2 .005 .007 .008 .010Over 21/2 to 4 .007 .009 .010 .012Over 4 to 5 .011 – – –

Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width

Width in Inches

To 3/4, incl. .004 .005 .007 .009Over 3/4 to 11/2 .005 .006 .009 .011Over 11/2 to 3 .006 .007 .011 .013Over 3 to 4 .007 .009 .012 .017Over 4 to 6 .009 .011 .013 .021Over 6 .014 – – –

Cold Drawn Ground and Polished RoundsTurned, Ground and Polished Rounds

Cold Drawn, Ground &Polished Turned, Ground &

All Carbons with Polishedor without thermal Not Heat Heat*

Diameter treatment before Treated TreatedIn Inches Cold Drawing All Crab. All Crab.

To 11/2 incl. .001 .0005 .0015 .0015Over 11/2 to 21/2, excl. .0015 .0005 .0020 .002021/2 to 3, incl. .002 .0005 .0025 .0025Over 3 to 4, incl. .003 .0005 .0035 .0035Over 4 to 6, incl. – .0005 .0045 .0045Over 6 – .0005 .0055 .0055

* All tolerances are on the minus side +.000.

Bar TolerancesCF Alloy BarsCold Drawn or Tuned & Polished

Undersize Variations in InchesMax. CarbonRange Over

0.55% with orwithout stressrelieving or

annealing afterMax. Annld. or cold finishing.

Max. Carbon Stress Also all Carbon Range Relieved carbons heatRange over .28 after C.F. Tr. or Norm.

Specified Size .28% to .55% Max. carb. & Temp, beforeIn Inches or less incl. tp .55% cold Finishing

11/2 or Under .002 .003 .004 .005Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .003 .004 .005 .006Over 21/2 to 4, incl. .004 .005 .006 .007Over 4 to 6, incl. .005 .006 .007 .008Over 6 to 8, incl. .006 .007 .008 .009Over 8 to 9, incl. .007 .008 .009 .010Over 9 .008 .009 .010 .011

Cold Drawn Hexagons3/4 or under .002 .003 .004 .006Over 3/4 to 11/2, incl. .003 .004 .005 .007Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .004 .005 .006 .008Over 21/2 to 31/8, incl. .005 .006 .007 .009Over 31/8 to 4, incl. .005 .006 – –

Cold Drawn Squares3/4 or under .002 .004 .005 .007Over 3/4 to 11/2, incl. .003 .005 .006 .008Over 11/2 to 21/2, incl. .004 .006 .007 .009Over 21/2 to 4, incl. .006 .008 .009 .011Over 4 to 5, incl. .010 – – –Over 5 to 6, incl. .014 – – –

Cold Drawn FlatsTolerances for flats apply to thickness as well as width

Width in Inches

To 3/4, incl. .003 .004 .006 .008Over 4 to 11/2, incl. .004 .005 .008 .010Over 11/2 to 3 incl. .005 .006 .010 .012Over 3 to 4 incl. .006 .008 .011 .016Over 4 to 6, incl., .008 .010 .012 .020Over 6 .013 .015 – –

Turned, Ground and Polished RoundsCold Drawn, Ground and Polished Rounds

Undersize Variations in Inches

Turned, Ground Cold Drawn,Size Range and Polished Ground andIn Inches Rounds Polished Rounds

11/2 and Under -.0005 to -.0015 .001Over 11/2 to less than 21/2 -.0005 to -.0020 .001521/2 to 3, incl.. -.0005 to -.0025 .002Over 3 to 4, incl.. -.0005 to -.0035 .003Over 4 to 6, incl. -.0005 to -.0045 .004Over 6 -.0005 to -.0055 .005

* All tolerances are on the minus side +.000.

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NStructural Tolerances

Flange Depth, in. Width, In. Flanges

Section Over Under Over Under Out-ofNominal Theo- Theo- Theo- Theo- Square

Shape Sizes In. retical retical retical retical max.In.* †

W and HP Up to 12. incl. 1/8 1/8 1/4 3/16 1/4

Over 12 1/8 1/8 1/4 3/16 5/16

S and M 3 to 7, incl. 3/32 1/16 1/8 1/8 1/32

Over 7 to 14, incl. 1/8 3/32 5/32 5/32 1/32

Over 14 to 24, incl. 3/16 1/8 3/16 3/16 1/32

C and MC 11/2 and Under 1/32 1/32 1/32 1/32 1/32

Over 11/2 to 3, excl 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/32

3 to 7, incl. 3/32 1/16 1/8 1/8 1/32

Over 7 to 14, incl. 1/8 3/32 1/8 5/32 1/32

Over 14 3/16 1/8 1/8 3/16 1/32

*Applies when flanges of channels are toed in or out. For channels 5/8 in.and under in depth, the permissible out-of-square is 3/64 in./in. of depth.†Tolerance is per inch of flange width for S, M, C, and MC shapes.

Permissible Variations in Cross Section for Angles (L Shapes) and Zees

Flange Width Variations fromor Length of Thickness for

Depth, In, Leg.in. Out of Thickness Given, OverOver Under Over Under Sq. per and Under, in.

Nominal Theo- Theo- Theo- Theo- Inch, 3/16 and Over 3/16

Section Size, in. retical retical retical retical in. under to 3/8 incl. Over 3/8

Angles* 1 and under – – 1/32 1/32 3/128† 0.008 0.010 --(L Shapes) Over 1 to 2, incl. – – 3/64 3/64 3/128† 0.010 0.010 0.012

Over 2 to 3, excl – – 1/16 1/16 3/128† 0.012 0.015 0.0153 to 4, incl. – – 1/8 3/32 3/128† – -- --Over 4 to 6, incl. – – 1/8 1/8 3/128† -- -- --Over 6 – – 3/16 1/8 3/128† -- -- --

Zees 3 to 4, incl. 1/8 1/16 1/8 3/32 3/128† -- -- --Over 4 to 6, incl. 1/8 1/16 1/8 1/8 3/128† -- -- --

* For unequal leg angles, longer leg determines classification.† 3/128 in./in. =11/2 deg.

Permissible Variations in Straightness for S, M, C, MC, L, T, Z, Shapes

NominalSize,

Variable in. Permissible Variation, In.

Camber Under 3 1/4 in. in any 5 ft, or 1/4 X (number of feet of total length/5)3 and over 1/8 X (number of feel of total length/5)

Sweep all Due to the extreme variations in flexibility of these shapes, straightness tolerances for sweep are subject to negotiations between the manufacturer and the purchaser for the individual sections involved.

Permissible Variations in Straightness for W Shapes

Permissible Variation, In.

Camber and sweep 1/8 in. X (number of feet of total length*/10)

* Sections with a flange width less than 6 in. tolerance for sweep = 1/8 in. X (number of feet of total length/5).

Stainless TolerancesStainless Cold Finished RoundsDrawn, Ground or Ground & Polished

Size, Inches Over, Inches Under, Inches

.044 to 5/16 excl. .001 .0015/16 to 1/2 excl. .0015 .00151/2 to 1 excl. .002 .0021 to 11/2 excl. .0025 .002511/2 to 4 incl. .003 .003

Stainless Hexagons & Squares

.125 to .3125 excl. .000 -.002

.3125 to .500 excl. .000 -.003

.500 to 1.000 incl. .000 -.004Over 1 to 2 incl. .000 -.006Over 2 to 3 incl. .000 -.008Over 3 .000 -.010

Stainless Hot Finished Flats

Thickness, Inches, Over & UnderOver 1/2” Over 1 Width, Inches

Width, Inches Thru 1/2” thru 1” thru 2” Over Under

To 1 incl. .008 .010 – 1/64 1/64

Over 1 to 2 incl. .012 .015 1/32 1/32 1/32

Over 2 to 4 incl. .015 .020 1/32 1/16 1/32

Over 4 to 6 incl. .015 .020 1/32 3/32 1/16

Over 6 to 8 incl. .016 .025 1/32 1/8 5/32

Over 8 to 10 incl. .021 .031 1/32 5/32 3/16

Stainless Bar Straightness

Measurement is taken on the concave side of the bar with a straight edge.

Hot Finished no. of feet in length 1/8 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/8 X ---------------------- inches.

5

Cold Finished no. of feet in length1/16 inch in any 5 feet; but may not exceed 1/16 X --------------------- inches.

5

Stainless Sheet/Gauge

Sheet Width, InchesThickness, In. HandmillUnder, Incl. Ga. 48 max. 48-60 Over 60

.1875 to .146 8&9 .007 .0105 .014

.146 to .131 10 .006 .009 .012

.131 to .115 11 .005 .0075 .010

.115 to .099 12 .005 .007 .009

.099 to .084 13 .004 .006 .008

.084 to .073 14 .004 .0055 .007

.073 to .059 15 & 16 .003 .0045 .006

.059 to .041 17 & 19 .003 .004 –

.041 to .030 20 to 22 .002 .003 –

.030 to .017 23 to 27 .0015 – –

.017 to .008 28 to 34 .0015 – –

.008 to .006 35 to 38 .0015 – –

.006 39 .001 – –

WIDTH & LENGTH/Nothing under size

Widths through 48”—1/16” over. Widths over 48”—1/8” over.Lengths through 120”— 1/4” over. Lengths over 120”—1/2” over.

CAMBER/Roller leveled, not resquared

Widths through 36”: 1/8” every 8 Ft. Widths over 36”:3/32” every 8 Ft.

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N Stainless TolerancesStainless Sheet/Flatness

Flatness ToleranceWidth (maximum deviation

Thickness in from a horizontalin Inches Inches flat surface), Inches

.062 & over To 60 incl. 1/2

Over 60 to 72 incl. 3/4

Over 72 1

Under .062 To 36 incl. 1/2

Over 36 to 60 incl. 3/4

Over 60 1

Stainless Plate Thickness

Thickness Tolerance Over Variation* in Inches

Widths Widths Widths WidthsThickness to Over 84” to Over 120” to OverIn Inches 84” Incl. 120” Incl. 144” Incl. 144” Incl.

3/16 to 3/8 excl, .045 .050 – –3/8 to 3/4 excl. .055 .060 .075 .0903/4 to 1 excl. .060 .065 .085 .1001 to 2 incl. .070 .075 .095 .115Over 2 OA OA OA OA

* No plate shall vary more than .01 inch under the thickness ordered.OA = On application.Spot grinding not to exceed .01 inch under the specified thickness is permittedto remove surface imperfections.

Tolerances, in Inches over specified width & length for given width, length and thickness

Length 3/8* to 1/2* Over 1/2* to 1”Width in Under 3/8”Thick Thick, Incl. Thick, Incl.In Inches inches Width Length Width Length Width Length

Stainless Sheared Mill Plates

48 and Under Over 1/4 1/2 5/16 5/8 3/8 3/4

Over 48 to 60 incl. 240 5/16 5/8 3/8 3/4 1/2 3/4

Over 60 to 84 incl. to 7/16 11/16 1/2 3/4 5/8 7/8

Over 84 to 108 incl. 360 9/16 3/4 5/8 7/8 3/4 1

Over 108 5/8 7/8 11/16 1 7/8 1

60 and Under Over 7/16 11/8 1/2 11/4 5/8 13/8

Over 60 to 84 incl. 360 1/2 11/4 5/8 11/4 3/4 11/2

Over 84 to 108 incl. to 9/16 11/4 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2

Over 108 480 3/4 13/8 7/8 11/2 1 15/8

60 and Under Over 7/16 11/4 1/2 11/2 5/8 15/8

Over 60 to 84 incl. 480 1/2 13/8 5/8 11/2 3/4 15/8

Over 84 to 108 incl. to 5/8 13/8 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8

Over 108 600 3/4 11/2 7/8 15/8 1 13/4

60 and Under 1/2 13/4 5/8 17/8 3/4 7/8

Over 60 to 84 incl. Over 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8

Over 84 to 108 incl. 600 5/8 13/4 3/4 17/8 7/8 17/8

Over 108 7/8 13/4 1 2 11/8 21/4

The tolerance under specified width and length is 1/4 incl.

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NCold Finish Bar MachiningAllowanceResulfurized: 1100 and 1200 SeriesStraight Carbon: Series 1000, Stressproof and Fatigue-Proof

This is the generally accepted industry allowance for seam depth in carbon and alloy steels. The removal of the indicated amounts of stockshould minimize seams.

Formula for Calculating Allowable Seam Depth

.0015” Per Side forEach 1/16” of Diameter

.001 Per Side forEach 1/16” of Diameter

Machinability Ratings for Cold Drawn Steel BarBased on 1018 & 1212 as 100%

Grade Average Mach. Condition Grade Average Mach. ConditionDesig- Rating of Desig- Rating ofnation 1018 1212 Product nation 1018 1212 Product

1008 71 66 Cold Drawn 1212 149 100 Cold Drawn


1012 73 68 Cold Drawn 12L14 334 180 Cold Drawn

1015 86 72 Cold Drawn 12L14 + Te 422 250 Cold Drawn

1016 100 78 Cold Drawn Incut 100 334 185 Cold Drawn

1017 86 72 Cold Drawn Incut 200 422 250 Cold Drawn

1018 100 70 Cold Drawn Ledloy AX 422 250 Cold Drawn

10L18 126 92 Cold Drawn 1215 235 136 Cold Drawn

1020 86 72 Cold Drawn 1330 61 60 Annealed & CD













1045 86 72 Annealed & CD 4340 53 55 Annealed & CD

10L45 91 84 Annealed &CD 4620 71 64 Cold Drawn


1055 46 85 Annealed & CD 6150 61 60 Annealed & CD

1060 46 85 Annealed & CD 8615 80 70 Cold Drawn




1078 40 75 Annealed & CD




1541 53 65 Cold Drawn



11L17 152 125






11L41 133 94 Annealed & CD



11L44 119 87 Cold Drawn

11L44 142 98 Annealed & CD



Non- Non- Non-Resulfur- Resulfur- Resulfur- Resulfur- Resulfur- Resulfur-

Size ized ized Size ized ized Size ized ized

5/8 & under .015 .010 11/2 .036 .024 211/16 .064 .04321/32 .016 .010 19/16 .037 .025 23/4 .066 .04411/16 .016 .011 15/8 .039 .026 213/16 .067 .04523/32 .017 .011 111/16 .040 .027 27/8 .069 .0463/4 .018 .012 13/4 .042 .028 215/16 .070 .047

25/32 .019 .012 125/32 .043 .028 263/64 .072 .04813/16 .019 .013 113/16 .043 .029 3 .072 .04827/32 .020 .013 127/32 .044 .029 31/16 .073 .04955/64 .021 .014 155/64 .045 .030 31/8 .075 .0507/8 .021 .014 17/8 .045 .030 33/16 .076 .051

29/32 .022 .014 115/16 .046 .031 31/4 .078 .05215/16 .022 .015 131/32 .047 .031 35/16 .079 .05331/32 .023 .015 163/64 .048 .032 33/8 .081 .054

1 .024 .016 2 .048 .032 37/16 .082 .055

11/32 .025 .016 21/32 .049 .032 31/2 .084 .056

13/64 .025 .017 21/16 .049 .033 39/16 .085 .057

11/16 .025 .017 21/8 .051 .034 3 5/8 .087 .058

15/64 .026 .017 23/16 .052 .035 311/16 .088 .059

13/32 .026 .017 27/32 .053 .035 33/4 .090 .060

17/64 .027 .017 21/4 .054 .036 313/16 .091 .061

11/8 .027 .018 29/32 .055 .036 37/8 .093 .062

15/32 .028 .018 25/16 .055 .037 315/16 .094 .063

13/16 .028 .018 211/32 .056 .037 4 .096 .064

17/32 .029 .019 23/8 .057 .038 41/8 .099 .066

115/64 .030 .020 213/32 .058 .038 41/4 .102 .068

11/4 .030 .020 27/16 .058 .039 43/8 .105 .070

117/64 .030 .020 215/32 .059 .039 41/2 .108 .072

19/32 .031 .020 21/2 .060 .040 45/8 .111 .074

119/64 .031 .021 217/32 .061 .040 43/4 .114 .076

15/16 .031 .021 29/16 .061 .041 47/8 .117 .078

123/64 .033 .022 219/32 .062 .041 5 .120 .080

13/8 .033 .022 25/8 .063 .042

17/16 .034 .022 221/32 .064 .042

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N Approximate HardnessConversion Numbers for SteelBased on Brinell Hardness Numbers

Brinell ROCKWELLHard- HARDNESS NO.

ness No. C- B- A-10-mm Scale, Scale, Scale, Diamond Shore Tensile

Brinell Tungston 150-Kg 100-Kg 60-Kg Pyramid Sciero- StrengthIndenta- Carbide Load, Load, Load, Hard- scope (approxi-

tion Ball, Brale 1/16-in. Brale ness Hard- mate)Diam. 3,000 Pene- Diam. Pene No. ness in 1,000mm Kg Load trato Ball trator Vickers No. psi

2.25 745 65.3 – 84.1 840 91 –2.30 712 – – – – – –2.35 682 61.7 – 82.2 737 84 –2.40 653 60.0 – 81.2 697 81 –2.45 627 58.7 – 80.5 667 79 –2.50 601 57.3 – 79.8 640 77 –2.55 578 56.0 – 79.1 615 75 –2.60 555 54.7 – 78.4 591 73 2982.65 534 53.5 – 77.8 569 71 2882.70 514 52.1 – 76.9 547 70 2742.75 495 51.0 – 76.3 528 68 2642.80 477 49.6 – 75.6 508 66 2522.85 461 48.5 – 74.9 491 65 2422.90 444 47.1 – 74.2 472 63 2302.95 429 45.7 – 73.4 455 61 2193.00 415 44.5 – 72.8 440 59 2123.05 401 43.1 – 72.0 425 58 2023.10 388 41.8 – 71.4 410 56 1933.15 375 40.4 – 70.6 396 54 1843.20 363 39.1 – 70.0 383 52 1773.25 352 37.9 (110.0) 69.3 372 51 1713.30 341 36.6 (109.0) 68.7 360 50 1643.35 331 35.5 (108.5) 68.1 350 48 1593.40 321 34.3 (108.0) 67.5 339 47 1543.45 311 33.1 (107.5) 66.9 328 46 1493.50 302 32.1 (107.0) 66.3 319 45 1463.55 293 30.9 (106.0) 65.7 309 43 1413.60 285 29.9 (105.5) 65.3 301 – 1383.65 277 28.8 (104.5) 64.6 292 41 1343.70 269 27.6 (104.0) 64.1 284 40 1303.75 262 26.6 (103.0) 63.6 276 39 1273.80 255 25.4 (102.0) 63.0 269 38 1233.85 248 24.2 (101.0) 62.5 261 37 1203.90 241 22.8 100.0 61.8 253 36 1163.95 235 21.7 99.0 61.4 247 35 1144.00 229 20.5 98.2 60.8 241 34 1114.05 223 (18.8) 97.3 – 234 – –4.10 217 (17.5) 96.4 – 228 33 1054.15 212 (16.0) 95.5 – 222 – 1024.20 207 (15.2) 94.6 – 218 32 1004.25 201 (13.8) 93.8 – 212 31 984.30 197 (12.7) 92.8 – 207 30 954.35 192 (11.5) 91.9 – 202 29 934.40 187 (10.0) 90.7 – 196 – 904.45 183 (9.0) 90.0 – 192 28 894.50 79 (8.0) 89.0 – 188 27 874.55 174 (6.4) 87.8 – 182 – 854.60 170 (5.4) 86.8 – 178 26 834.65 167 (4.4) 86.0 – 175 – 814.70 163 (3.3) 85.0 – 171 25 794.80 156 (0.9) 82.9 – 163 – 764.90 149 – 80.8 – 156 23 735.00 143 – 78.7 – 150 22 715.10 137 – 76.4 – 143 21 675.20 131 – 74.0 – 137 – 65

Circumference & Area ofCircles/Inches

DiamameterFrac. Decimal Circ. Area Diam. Circ. Area Diam. Circ. Area

1/64 .015625 .04909 .00019 1 3.1416 .7854 64 201.06 3216.991/32 .03125 .09818 .00077 2 6.2832 3.1416 65 204.20 3318.313/64 .046875 .14726 .00173 3 9.4248 7.0686 66 207.34 3421.191/16 .0625 .19635 .00307 4 12.5664 12.5664 67 210.49 3525.655/64 .078125 .24545 .00479 5 15.7080 19.635 68 213.63 3631.683/32 .09375 .29452 .00690 6 18.850 28.274 69 216.77 3739.287/64 .109375 .34363 .00939 7 21.991 38.485 70 219.91 3848.451/8 .125 .39270 .01227 8 25.133 50.266 71 223.05 3959.199/64 .140625 .44181 .01553 9 28.274 63.617 72 226.19 4071.505/32 .15626 .49087 .01917 10 31.416 78.540 73 229.34 4185.3911/64 .171875 .53999 .02320 11 34.558 95.033 74 232.48 4300.843/16 .1875 .58905 .02761 12 37.699 113.10 75 235.62 4417.8613/64 .203125 .63817 .03241 13 40.841 132.73 76 238.76 4536.467/32 .21875 .68722 .03758 14 43.982 153.94 77 241.90 4656.6315/64 .234375 .73635 .04314 15 47.124 176.72 78 245.04 4778.361/4 .25 .78540 .04909 16 50.265 201.06 79 248.19 4901.6717/64 .265625 .83453 .05542 17 53.407 226.98 80 251.33 5026.559/32 .28125 .88357 .06213 18 56.549 254.47 81 254.47 5153.0019/64 .296875 .93271 .06922 19 59.690 283.53 82 257.61 5281.025/16 .3125 .98175 .07670 20 62.832 314.16 83 260.75 5410.6121/64 .328125 1.0309 .08456 21 65.973 346.36 84 263.89 5541.7711/32 .34375 1.0799 .09281 22 69.115 380.13 85 267.04 5674.5023/64 .359375 1.1291 .10144 23 72.257 415.48 86 270.18 5808.803/8 .375 1.1781 .11045 24 75.398 452.39 87 273.32 5944.6825/64 .390625 1.2273 .11984 25 78.540 490.87 88 276.46 6082.1213/32 .40625 1.2763 .12962 2681681 530.93 89 279.60 6221.1427/64 .421875 1.3254 .13979 27 84.823 572.56 90 282.74 6361.737/16 .4375 1.3744 .15033 28 87.965 615.75 91 285.88 6503.8829/64 .453125 1.4236 .16126 29 91.106 660.52 92 289.03 6647.6115/32 .46875 1.4726 .17257 30 94.248 706.86 93 292.17 6792.9131/64 .484375 1.5218 .18427 31 97.389 754.77 94 295.31 6939.781/2 .5 1.5708 .19635 32 100.53 804.25 95 298.45 7088.2233/64 .515625 1.6199 .20880 33 103.67 855.30 96 301.59 7238.2317/32 .53125 1.6690 .22166 34 106.81 907.92 97 304.73 7339.8135/64 .546875 1.7181 .23489 35 109.96 962.11 98 307.88 7542.969/16 .5625 1.7671 .24850 36 113.10 1017.88 99 311.02 7697.6937/64 .578125 1.8163 .26248 37 116.24 1075.21 100 314.16 7853.9819/32 .59375 1.8653 .27688 38 119.38 1134.11 101 317.30 8011.8539/64 .609375 1.1945 .29164 39 122.52 1194.59 102 320.44 8171.285/8 .625 1.9365 .30680 40 125.66 1256.64 103 323.58 8332.2941/64 .640625 2.0127 .32232 41 128.81 1320.25 104 326.73 8494.8721/32 .65625 2.0617 .33824 42 131.95 1385.44 105 329.87 8659.0143/64 .671875 2.1108 .35453 43 135.09 1452.20 106 333.01 8824.7311/16 .6875 2.1598 .37122 44 138.23 1520.53 107 336.15 8992.0245/64 .703125 2.2090 .38828 45 141.37 1590.43 108 339.29 9160.8823/64 .71875 2.2580 .40574 46 144.51 1661.90 109 342.43 9331.3247/64 .734375 2.3072 .42356 47 147.65 1734.94 110 345.58 9503.323/4 .75 2.3562 .44179 48 150.80 1809.56 111 348.72 9676.8949/64 .765625 2.4054 .45253 49 153.94 1885.74 112 351.86 9852.0325/32 .78125 2.4544 .47937 50 157.08 1963.50 113 355.00 10028.7551/64 .796875 2.5036 .49872 51 160.22 2042.82 114 358.14 10207.0313/16 .8125 2.5525 .51849 52 163.36 2123.72 115 361.28 10386.8953/64 .828125 2.6017 .53862 53 166.50 2206.18 116 364.42 10568.3227/32 .84375 2.6507 .55914 54 169.65 2290.22 117 367.57 10751.3255/64 .859375 2.6999 .58003 55 172.79 2375.83 118 370.71 10935.887/8 .875 2.7489 .60132 56 175.93 2463.01 119 373.85 11122.0257/64 .890625 2.7981 .62298 57 179.07 2551.76 120 376.99 11309.7329/32 .90625 2.8471 .64504 58 182.21 2642.08 121 380.13 11499.0159/64 .921875 2.8963 .66746 59 185.35 2733.97 122 383.27 11689.8715/16 .9375 2.9452 .69029 60 188.50 2827.43 123 386.42 11882.2961/64 .953125 2.9945 .71349 61 191.64 2922.07 124 389.56 12076.2831/32 .96875 3.0434 .73708 62 194.78 3019.07 125 392.70 12271.8563/64 .984375 3.0928 .76097 63 197.92 3117.25 126 395.84 12468.98

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NCold Rolled Steel StripTempers

No. 1 – HardCarbon 0.25% max.Thickness: 0.070” and thicker – RB 84 min.Under 0.070” – RB 90 min.

No. 2 – Half HardCarbon 0.25% max.Thickness: 0.040” and thicker – RB 70 min.

No. 3 – Quarter HardCarbon 0.25% max.Thickness: 0.040” and thicker – RB 60 min.to RB 75 approx. max.

No. 4 – Pinch Pass orSkin RolledCarbon 0.25% max.Thickness: 0.040” and thicker – RB 65 max.

No. 5 – Dead SoftCarbon 0.15% max.Thickness: 0.040” and thicker – RB 55 max.

NOTE: For these tempers, it’s customary not to exceed 0.60% manganese by ladleanalysis. If manganese is specified above0.60% by ladle analysis or in the case of temper Nos. 4 and 5, the carbon is specifiedabove 0.15% by ladle analysis, theseRockwell Hardness values don’t apply.

No.1Perfect square or round edge.

No. 2Natural mill edge.

No. 3Approx. square edge by slitting, not filed.

No. 4Round edge produced by edge rolling.

No. 5Approx. sq. edge by rolling or fillingafter slitting.

No. 6Square edge produced by edge rolling

Cold Rolled Steel StripEdges

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N Metric System of Measurement

In the metric system of measurements, the principal unit for length is the meter; the principalunit for capacity, the liter; and the principal unit forweight, the gram. The following prefixes are usedfor sub-divisions and multiples: milli = 1/1000; centi= 1/mlli; deci = 1/10; deca = 10; hecto = 100; kilo= 1000. In abbreviations, the sub-divisions are frequently used with a small letter and the multipleswith a capital letter, although this practice is notuniversally followed everywhere where the metricsystem is used.

All the multiples and sub-divisions are not usedcommercially. Those ordinarily used for length arekilometer, meter, centimeter and millimeter; forcapacity, square meter, square centimeter andsquare millimeter; for cubic measures, cubic meter,cubic decimeter (liter), cubic centimeter, and cubicmillimeter. The most commonly used weights arethe kilogram and gram. The metric system waslegalized in the United States by an Act ofCongress in 1866.

Measures of Length10 millimeters (mm.) = 1 centimeter (cm.)10 centimeters = 1 decimeter (dm.)10 decimeters = 1 meter (m.)1000 meters = 1 kilometer (km.)

Square Measure100 square millimeters (mm.2) = 1 square centimeter (cm.2).100 square centimeters = 1 square decimeter (dm.2).100 square decimeters = 1 square meter (m.2).

Surveyor’s Square Measure100 square meters (m.2) = 1 are (ar.).100 ares = 1 hectare (har.).100 hectares = 1 square kilometer (km.2).

Cubic Measure1000 cubic millimeters (mm.3) = 1 cubic centimeter (cm.3).1000 cubic centimeters = 1 cubic decimeter (dm.3).1000 cubic decimeters = 1 cubic meter (m.3).

Dry and Liquid Measure10 milliliters (ml.) = 1 centiliter (cl.).10 centiliters = 1 deciliter (dl.).10 deciliters = 1 liter (l.).100 liters = 1 hectoliter (Hl.).

1 liter = 1 cubic decimeter = the volume of 1 kilogram of pure water at a temperature of 39.2 degress F.

Measures of Weight10 milligrams (mg.) = 1 centigram (cg.).10 centigrams = 1 decigram (dg.).10 decigrams = 1 gram (g.).10 grams = 1 decagram (Dg.).10 decagrams = 1 hectogram (Hg.).10 hectograms = 1 kilogram (Kg.).1000 kilograms = 1 (metric) ton (T.).

Metric and English Conversion Table

Linear Measure1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile. 1 mile = 1.609 kilometer.

39.37 inches. 1 yard = 0.9144 meter.1 meter = 3.2808 feet. 1 foot = 0.3048 meter.

1.0936 yard. 1 foot = 304.8 millimeters.1 centimeter = 0.3937 inch. 1 inch = 2.542 centimeters.1 millimeter = 0.03937 1 inch = 25.4 millimeters.

Square Measure1 square kilometer = 0.3861 square mile = 247.1 acres.1 hectare = 2.471 acre = 107, 640 square feet.1 are = 0.0247 acre = 1076.4 square feet.1 square meter = 10.764 square feet = 1/196 square yard.1 square centimeter = 0.155 square inch.1 square millimeter = 0.00155 square inch.

1 square mile = 2.5899 square kilometers.1 acre = 0.4047 hectare = 40.47 ares.1 square yard = 0.836 square meter.1 square foot = 0.0920 square meter = 929 square centimeters.1 square inch = 6.452 square centimeters = 645.2 square millimeters.

Cubic Measure1 cubic meter = 25.314 cubic feet = 1.308 cubic yard1 cubic meter = 264.2 U.S. gallons.1 cubic centimeter = 0.061 cubic inch.1 liter (cubic decimeter) = 0.0353 cubic foot = 61.023 cubic inches.1 liter = 0.2642 U.S. gallon = 1.0567 U.S. quart.

1 cubic yard = 0.7645 cubic meter.1 cubic foot = 0.02832 cubic meter = 28.317 liters.1 cubic inch = 16.38716 cubic centimeters.1 U.S. gallon = 3.785 liters.1 U.S. quart = 0.946 liter.

Weight1 metric ton = 0.9842 ton (of 2240 pounds) = 2204.6 pounds.1 kilogram = 2.2046 pounds = 35.274 ounces avoirdupois.1 gram = 0.03215 ounce troy = 0.03527 ounce avoirdupois1 gram = 15.432 grains.

1 ton (of 2240 pounds) = 1.016 metric ton = 1016 kilograms.1 pound = 0.4536 kilogram = 453.6 grams.1 ounce avoirdupois = 28.35 grams.1 ounce troy = 31.103 grams.1 grain = 0.0648 gram.

1 kilogram per square millimeter = 1422.32 pounds per square inch.1 kilogram per square centimeter = 14.223 pounds per square inch.1 kilogram-meter = 7.233 foot-pounds.1 pound per square inch = 0.0703 kilogram per square centimeter.1 calorie (kilogram calorie) = 3.968 B.T.U. (British thermal unit.).

{

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NInches to Millimeters

Fraction Inches M/M Fraction Inches M/M

1/64 0.1563 .397 33/64 .51563 13.097

1/32 .03125 .794 17/32 .53125 13.494

3/64 .04688 1.191 35/64 .54688 13.891

1/16 .06250 1.587 9/16 .56250 14.287

5/64 .07813 1.984 37/64 .57813 14.684

3/32 .09375 2.381 19/32 .59375 15.081

7/64 .10938 2.778 39/64 .60938 15.478

1/8 .12500 3.175 5/8 .62500 15.875

9/64 .14063 3.572 41/64 .64063 16.272

5/32 .15625 3.969 21/32 .65625 16.669

11/64 .17188 4.366 43/64 .67188 17.066

3/16 .18750 4.762 11/16 .68750 17.462

13/64 .20313 5.159 45/64 .70313 17.859

7/32 .21875 5.556 23/32 .71875 18.256

15/64 .23438 5.953 47/64 .73438 18.653

1/4 .25000 6.350 3/4 .75000 19.050

17/64 .26563 6.747 49/64 .76563 19.447

9/32 .28125 7.144 25/32 .78125 19.844

19/64 .29688 7.541 51/64 .79688 20.241

5/16 .31250 7.937 13/16 .81250 20.637

21/64 .32813 8.334 53/64 .82813 21.034

11/32 .34375 8.731 27/32 .84375 21.431

23/64 .35938 9.128 55/64 .85938 .21828

3/8 .37500 9.525 7/8 .87500 22.225

25/64 .39063 9.922 57/64 .89063 22.622

13/32 .40625 10.319 29/32 .90625 23.019

27/64 .42188 10.716 59/64 .92188 23.416

7/16 .23750 11.113 15/16 .93750 23.812

29/64 .45313 11.509 61/64 .95313 24.209

15/32 .46875 11.906 31/32 .96875 24.606

31/64 .48438 12.303 63/64 .98438 25.003

1/2 .50000 12.700 1.00000 25.400

To Convert Inches to Millimeters Multiply By 25.4

10’ to mm ÷ 304812’ to mm ÷ 365820’ to mm ÷ 6096

M/M Inches M/M Inches M/M Inches

1 .0394 34 1.3396 67 2.6398

2 .0788 35 1.3790 68 2.6792

3 .1182 36 1.4184 69 2.7186

4 .1576 37 1.4578 70 2.7580

5 .1979 38 1.4972 71 2.7974

6 .2364 39 1.5366 72 2.8368

7 .2758 40 1.5760 73 2.8762

8 .3152 41 1.6154 74 2.9156

9 .3546 42 1.6548 75 2.9550

10 .3940 43 1.6942 76 2.9944

11 .4334 44 1.7336 77 3.0338

12 .4728 45 1.7730 78 3.0732

13 .5122 46 1.8124 79 3.1126

14 .5516 47 1.8518 80 3.1520

15 .5910 48 1.8912 81 3.1914

16 .6304 49 1.9306 82 3.2308

17 .6698 50 1.9700 83 3.2702

18 .7092 51 2.0094 84 3.3096

19 .7486 52 2.0488 85 3.3490

20 .7880 53 2.0882 86 3.3884

21 .8274 54 2.1276 87 3.4278

22 .8668 55 2.1670 88 3.4672

23 .9062 56 2.2064 89 3.5066

24 .9456 57 2.2458 90 3.5460

25 .9850 58 2.2852 91 3.5854

26 1.0244 59 2.3246 92 3.6248

27 1.0638 60 2.3640 93 3.6642

28 1.1032 61 2.4034 94 3.7036

29 1.1426 62 2.4428 95 3.7430

30 1.1820 63 2.4822 96 3.7824

31 1.2214 64 2.5216 97 3.8218

32 1.2608 65 2.5610 98 3.8612

33 1.3002 66 2.6004 99 3.9066

To Convert Millimeters to Inches Multiply By 0394 .03937

Millimeters to Inches

74 Chapin & Bangs | 1-800-972-9615

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N Useful Information

To find the circumference of a circle:Multiply the radius by 6.2832, orMultiply the diameter by 3.1416, orMultiply the square root of the area by 3.3449

To find the radius of a circle:Multiply the diameter by .5, orMultiply the circumference by .15913, orMultiply the square root of the area by .56419

To find the diameter of a circle:Multiply the radius by 2, orMultiply the circumference by .31831, orMultiply the square root of the area by 1.1284

To find the area of a circle:Multiply the square of the radius by 3.1416, orMultiply the square of the diameter by .7854, orMultiply the square of the circumference by .07958

To find the area of a hexagon:Multiply the square of the distance across by .86603, orMultiply the area of the inscribed circle by 1.1027

To find the area of an octagon:Multiply the square of the distance across by .82843, orMultiply the area of the inscribed circle by 1.0348

To find the area of a rectangle:Multiply the length by the width

To find the area of a triangle:Multiply the base by one-half the perpendicular height

To find the side of an inscribed square:Multiply the diameter by .7071, orMultiply the circumference by .2251

To find the side of an equal square:Multiply the diameter by .8862

To find the diameter of the circumscribing circle of a square:Multiply a side by 1.4142

To find the circumference of the circumscribing circle of a square:Multiply a side by 4.443

To find the cubic contents of a cons:Multiply the area of the base by one-third the altitude

To find the area of an ellipse:Multiply the product of its axes by .7854

To find the area of a parallelogram:Multiply the base times the perpendicular height

To find the volume of a parallelogram:Multiply the area of cross section times the length

To find the area of a cylinder:Multiply the length times the circumference of the body plus the area ofboth ends.

To find the volume of a cylinder:Multiply the area of the base by the perpendicular height

To find the area of a sphere:Multiply the square of the diameter by 3.1416, or Multiply the diameter times the circumference

To find the volume of a sphere:Multiply the cube of the diameter by .5236

To find the capacity of a tank in gallons:All measurements must be reduced to inches

For cylindrical lanks, multiply the length by the square of the diameter by .0034.

For rectangular lanks, multiply the length by the width by the depth and divide by 231.

For elliptical lanks, multiply the length by the short diameter by the long diameter by .0034

To convert Brinell hardness to tensile strength:Divide the Brinell Hardness number by two to get the approximate tensilestrength in thousands of pounds per square inch.

Example: Assume Brinell Hardness of 248.248÷ 2 = 124,000 p.s.i. (approx. tensile strength.).

Conversely, drop the last three figures of the tensile strength and multiply-ing by two to get the approximate Brinell Hardness number.

Example: Assume tensile strength of 122,000 p.s.i. 122 X 2 = 244 (approximate Brinell Hardness).

To estimate the weight of a round steel bar:Multiply the diameter by 4, square the product, and divide by 6. Theresult is the approximate weight in pounds per foot of length.

To estimate the weight of a square steel bar:Square the size, add a zero and divide by 3. The result is the approximateweight in pounds per foot of length.

To estimate the weight of a flat steel bar:Multiply the width by the thickness, add a zero and divide by 3. The result is the approximate weight in pounds per foot of length.

To calculate sheet weightSheet Weight = Width x Length x Decimal thickness

751-800-972-9615 | Chapin & Bangs

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NFractions & Decimal Equivalents

Fraction Decimal Fraction Decimal

1/64 .01563 33/64 .51563

1/32 .03125 17/32 .53125

3/64 .04688 35/64 .54688

1/16 .06250 9/16 .56250

5/64 .07813 37/64 .57813

3/32 .09375 19/32 .59375

7/64 .10938 39/64 .60938

1/8 .12500 5/8 .62500

9/64 .14063 41/64 .64063

5/32 .15625 21/32 .65625

11/64 .17188 43/64 .67188

3/16 .18750 11/16 .68750

13/64 .20313 45/64 .70313

7/32 .21875 23/32 .71875

15/64 .23438 47/64 .73438

1/4 .25000 3/4 .75000

17/64 .26563 49/64 .76563

9/32 .28125 25/32 .78125

19/64 .29688 51/64 .79688

5/16 .31250 13/16 .81250

21/64 .32813 53/64 .82813

11/32 .34375 27/32 .84375

23/64 .35938 55/64 .85938

3/8 .37500 7/8 .87500

25/64 .39063 57/64 .89063

13/32 .40625 29/32 .90625

27/64 .42188 59/64 .92188

7/16 .23750 15/16 .93750

29/64 .45313 61/64 .95313

15/32 .46875 31/32 .96875

31/64 .48438 63/64 .98438

1/2 .50000 1 1.00000

IMPORTANT

To the best of our knowledge, the information in this book is accurate.However, Chapin & Bangs does not assume any liability for the accuracy or completeness of the data, specifications or illustrations. The characteristics implied here may not apply in all situations.

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