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Lecture 9Lecture 9Chapter # 4Chapter # 4

By Sir Ahmad KareemBy Sir Ahmad Kareem

Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology

Institute of Computing BZU MultanInstitute of Computing BZU Multan

Lecture 9Lecture 9Chapter # 4Chapter # 4

By Sir Ahmad KareemBy Sir Ahmad Kareem

Department of Information Technology Department of Information Technology

Institute of Computing BZU MultanInstitute of Computing BZU Multan

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Database Architecture Database Architecture Database Architecture Database Architecture

Architecture of a system define its structure, Architecture of a system define its structure, means the components of the systems, means the components of the systems, function performed by each component function performed by each component and the relationship among components.and the relationship among components.

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Three major architecture of DDBMS Three major architecture of DDBMS

• Peer to PeerPeer to Peer

• Client/ ServerClient/ Server

• Multi databaseMulti database

These are idealized architecture; practical These are idealized architecture; practical installations may vary environment to installations may vary environment to environment.environment.

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DBMS StandardizationDBMS StandardizationDBMS StandardizationDBMS Standardization

A conceptual framework whose purpose is A conceptual framework whose purpose is to divide standardization work into to divide standardization work into manageable pieces and to show at a manageable pieces and to show at a general level how these pieces are relation general level how these pieces are relation to one another approaches (Reference to one another approaches (Reference Model)Model)

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Component BasedComponent BasedComponent BasedComponent Based

• Components of system are defined Components of system are defined together with the interrelationships together with the interrelationships between components.between components.

• Good for design and implementation of the Good for design and implementation of the system. However it is difficult to determine system. However it is difficult to determine functionality of system by seeing its functionality of system by seeing its individual component.individual component.

Components can reuse in any other system Components can reuse in any other system or at any other place anytime.or at any other place anytime.

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Functions BasedFunctions BasedFunctions BasedFunctions Based

• Classes of users are identified together Classes of users are identified together with the functionality that the system will with the functionality that the system will provide for each class.provide for each class.

• The objectives of the system are clearly The objectives of the system are clearly identified.identified.

• But how do you achieve these objectives.But how do you achieve these objectives.

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Data BasedData BasedData BasedData Based

• Identify the different types of describing Identify the different types of describing data and specify the functional units that data and specify the functional units that will realize and/or use data according to will realize and/or use data according to these views.these views.

Views:Views: Subset of data for particular Subset of data for particular functionsfunctions

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Practically:Practically:Practically:Practically:

• Every aspect has to be considered.Every aspect has to be considered.• These classification schemes are orthogonal These classification schemes are orthogonal

(One after another, dependent)(One after another, dependent)• A committee for the DBMS standardization A committee for the DBMS standardization

was establish in 1972 by ANSI under SPARC was establish in 1972 by ANSI under SPARC ( Standards Planning & Requirement ( Standards Planning & Requirement committee) committee)

• Published its initial report in 1975 and then in Published its initial report in 1975 and then in 1977.1977.

• Its full name being “ AMSI/X3/SPARC DBMS Its full name being “ AMSI/X3/SPARC DBMS framework”.framework”.

• Mainly based on data organizationMainly based on data organization

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In last figureIn last figure::• Square boxes represents present functionSquare boxes represents present function• Hexagons are admin rolesHexagons are admin rolesArrows indicate data, command execute flow.Arrows indicate data, command execute flow.• II represents interface (Provide compatibility and represents interface (Provide compatibility and

connectivity)connectivity)• Interfacing between components is possible Interfacing between components is possible

through data dictionary.through data dictionary.• Contains schema mapping define… statistics Contains schema mapping define… statistics

and access control information.and access control information.

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• Database admin responsible for internal Database admin responsible for internal schema.schema.

• Enterprise admin (Conceptual schema)Enterprise admin (Conceptual schema)

• Application Admin (External Schema)Application Admin (External Schema)

• May be same person,May be same person,

• The concludes our discussion on The concludes our discussion on reference DBMS architecture.reference DBMS architecture.