Design features• Outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice, and

general corrosion• Extremely high resistance to chloride stress

corrosion cracking• Twice the strength of common austenitic stainless steels• Excellent ductility and toughness• Superior workability, formability, and weldability

Product forms available• Plate• Sheet• Strip• Bar• Pipe and Tubing• Fittings

Applications• Critical seawater and severe brackish water

handling systems• Chlorine and chlorine dioxide pulp bleaching systems• Chemical processing equipment• Desalination systems• Hydrometallurgy• Municipal waste incineration systems• Plate heat exchangers

General propertiesWith unusually high levels of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen, Outokumpu 654 SMO® achieves levels of chloride pitting and crevice corrosion resistance not previously possible with an austenitic stainless steel. Outokumpu was the first stainless steel producer to introduce a nitrogen-alloyed 6% molybdenum austenitic stainless steel with its innovative 254 SMO® steel in the 1970s. Now Outokumpu leads the way to a new level of stainless steel technology with the reintroduction of 654 SMO.

StructureAs shown in Table 2, 654 SMO is solution annealed at 2100°F minimum to achieve a fully austenitic stainless steel structure, although faint traces of intermetallic phases (sigma or chi phase) may be present and tolerated in the center of the heavier sections. These phases may also form on the grain boundaries in the metal during exposures in the range of 1100-1825°F, with detrimental effects on corrosion resistance and toughness. The procedures for forming, welding, and heat treatment are designed to prevent this undesirable precipitation of intermetallic phase.

Type 654 SMO®, UNS S32654Specifications

Characteristic Temperatures Table 2

Composition, wt. pct. Table 1

North American Version

Imperial Units

Element ASTM S32654 Typical

Carbon 0.020 max 0.010

Chromium 24.0-25.0 24.0

Nickel 21.0-23.0 22.0

Molybdenum 7.0-8.0 7.3

Nitrogen 0.45-0.55 0.50

Copper 0.30-0.60 0.50

Sulfur 0.005 max 0.001

Phosphorus 0.030 max 0.020

Silicon 0.50 max 0.40

Manganese 2.00-4.00 3.0

Iron Balance Balance

UNS S32654 ASTM ASME

Plate, Sheet, Strip A 240, A 480 SA-240, SA-480

Pipe A 312, A 358 SA-312, SA-358

Tubing A 249, A 269 SA-249, SA-269

Bar A 276, A 479 SA-479

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII Div. 1, Code Case 2195-1NACE MR0175

Temperature °F

Solidification Range 2500-2445

Scaling Temperature in Air 1830

Sigma Phase Formation 1300-1800

Carbide Precipitation 840-1470

Hot Forming 2200-2000

Solution Annealing 2100 min. water quench

Stress Relief Annealing 2100 min. water quench

Type 654 SMO® - 32 - Type 654 SMO®

Critical Crevice Temperatures Table 4

PRE* for Stainless Steels (Pitting Resistance Equivalent) Table 3

Grade PRE

654 SMO® 56.1

254 SMO® 43

2507 42.2

904L 36

2205 Code Plus Two® 34.5

316L 25.2

*PRE = %Cr + 3.3 x %Mo + 16 x %N

CCT, °F (Solution)

Grade ASTM G 48 Practice B 10% FeCl3•

6H20

11% H2SO4 1.2% HCl 1% FeCl3

1.0% CuCl2

4% NaCl 0.1%Fe2(SO)6 0.01M HCl

654 SMO® ≥140 ≥154 ≥140

Alloy C-276 140 149 131

Alloy 625 ≥68 ≥82 ≥68

Critical Chloride Concentrations Table 5

Grade Critical Chloride Concentration, ppm

654 SMO® 12,500

316 50

904L 500

254 SMO® 5,000

2507 1,500

Alloy 625 4,000 to 15,000

Alloy C-276 27,500

Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance (SCC) in Drop Evaporation Tests at 392°F Table 6

Applied Stress Time to Failure

Grade ksi % Yield Strength Hours

654 SMO® 48.5 100 >500, >500

316 3.0 10 155, 158

904L 21.9 70 >500, >500

254 SMO® 32.1 90 >500, >500

Corrosion resistancePitting and Crevice CorrosionPitting and crevice corrosion are the most common forms of corrosion for stainless steels. Both types of attack result in a highly localized form of corrosion which can lead to perforation in a short time with relatively little total weight loss. Both pitting and crevice corrosion are accelerated by more acidic conditions and by higher temperatures. With its high levels of chromium, molybdenum, and nitrogen, 654 SMO is the most resistant stainless steel ever produced.

One method of estimating the pitting resistance is to use the pitting resistance equivalent (PRE), an index of pitting resistance based on statistical analysis of the effect of composition of stainless steels on a particular parameter assessing pitting resistance, most usually the critical pitting temperature (CPT) for a selected environment and test procedure. As seen in Table 3, the PRE for 654 SMO is far higher than it is for any of the other stainless steels.

The critical pitting temperature is the highest temperature at which a stainless steel will resist attack in a particular environment. Two test procedures are common, one being ASTM G 48, Practice A, which measures the CPT by exposing coupons to a solution of 10% FeCl3• 6H2O at a series of increasing temperatures until pitting corrosion is observed. Another newer test is an electrochemical test ASTM G 150 using a test cell specially designed by the research team at Outokumpu. Both of these methods have been effective for all other stainless steels, including the 6Mo austenitic stainless steels, such as Outokumpu 254 SMO. However, these tests are of limited use for 654 SMO because it is completely resistant to attack in these tests at 204°F and 217°F, the respective boiling points of the chloride media for these tests.

So the best evaluation for 654 SMO is obtained by the more aggressive crevice corrosion tests.

Table 4 shows critical crevice temperatures for 654 SMO in comparison with those for Alloy 625 and Alloy C-276, and for 254 SMO® austenitic stainless steel. The test environments include ASTM G 48, Practice B, and the so-called “Green Death” solution designed to discriminate among the nickel-base alloys and their high levels of corrosion resistance. These tests were made with multiple crevice washers made of PTFE and imposed on the surface by bolts torqued to 1.16 ft-lb, providing very severe crevice conditions. These tests demonstrate that the 654 SMO is at least as resistant as Alloy C-276 to crevice corrosion in these acidic, oxidizing, high-chloride solutions.

To simulate a flue gas desulfurization scrubber environment, an acidic sodium chloride-containing solution at 176°F was bubbled with sulfur dioxide for two hours. The pH of the solution was 1.0–1.5 at the start of the test but decreased with time to 0.5–1.0. The lowest chloride level necessary to cause corrosion was determined for each material. As shown in Table 5, 654 SMO is superior to all stainless steels, comparable to Alloy 625, but inferior to Alloy C-276.

It is concluded from these and other observations that 654 SMO is comparable to Alloy C-276, being slightly superior in some environments and slightly inferior in others, depending on details to the particular exposure.

Chloride Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)654 SMO austenitic stainless steel also possesses excellent resistance to chloride-induced transgranular stress corrosion cracking. This resistance is a result of the high molybdenum and nickel contents, in combination with the extremely high resistance to pitting.

One method to rank stainless steels by their SCC resistance is to test them in accordance with the drop-evaporation test (DET). Uniaxially loaded, electrically heated specimens are exposed to a dripping dilute (0.1 M) sodium chloride solution. The drip rate is adjusted so that one drop is evaporated just before the specimen is hit by the next drop. The applied stress is varied in steps of 10% up to 100% of the yield stress at 392°F until cracking occurs or up to a maximum of 500 hours. As shown in Table 6, 654 SMO is resistant to cracking at 100% of its yield strength at the maximum exposure of 500 hours.

654 SMO is not immune to SCC in boiling 42% magnesium chloride. However, it is immune to SCC in boiling 25% sodium chloride and the wick test, both shown to be well correlated with practical experience in resisting SCC in severe heat transfer conditions at ambient pressures.

General CorrosionA discussion of the resistance of a stainless steel to general corrosion must address both pure chemical environments, e.g., the strong mineral acids, and those environments with small to moderate levels of contamination with halides. The presence of halides, such as chlorides, bromides, iodides, or fluorides, can significantly accelerate general corrosion, especially in nonoxidizing acids. As shown in Figures 1 and 2, 654 SMO is superior to both 904L and 254 SMO in pure sulfuric acid over most of the concentration range. Neither the 6Mo nor the 7Mo stainless steel is especially good for 96% sulfuric acid. But with contamination of the sulfuric acid with 2000 ppm chloride, the 654 SMO maintains a much higher corrosion resistance than the other stainless steels.

An overview of the performance of 654 SMO in a large number of chemical environments is provided by the Materials Technology Institute (MTI) procedure for comparing new grades. New materials are compared with standard alloys tested at the same time under identical conditions by determining the lowest test temperature at which the corrosion rate exceeds 5 mpy. Outokumpu 654 SMO stainless steel has been evaluated by the MTI procedure and the results are shown in Table 7. 654 SMO shows outstanding corrosion performance, exceeding that of the other special duplex and austenitic stainless steels in each of these environments.

60 80 100

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

0 20 40H2SO4% *(2.5 min Mo)

Isocorrosion Curves (4 mpy) in pure sulfuric acid Figure 1

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

500 20 40 60 80 100 H2SO4% *(2.5 min Mo)

904L

654 SMO®

316*

254 SMO®

Isocorrosion Curves (4 mpy) in sulfuric acid containing 2000 ppm chloride Figure 2

60 80 100

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

0 20 40

904L

654 SMO®

316*

254 SMO®

*(2.5 min Mo)H2SO4%

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

500 20 40 60 80 100 H2SO4% *(2.5 min Mo)

904L

654 SMO®

316*

254 SMO®

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

0 1 2HCI%

Isocorrosion Curves (4 mpy) in pure hydrochloric acid Figure 3

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

HCl%

904L

654 SMO®

254 SMO®

Type 654 SMO® - 54 - Type 654 SMO®

Lowest Temperature (°F) at Which the Corrosion Rate Exceeds 5 mpy Table 7

bp= boiling point, p = pittingps = pitting/crevice corrosion can occur

Corrosion Environment

654

SMO®

254

SMO®

904L

Type 316L

(2.7 Mo)

Type 304

2507

2205 Code Plus

Two®

2304

0.2% Hydrochloric Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling

1% Hydrochloric Acid 203 158 122 86 86p >Boiling 185 131

10% Sulfuric Acid 158 140 140 122 — 167 140 149

60% Sulfuric Acid 104 104 185 <54 — <57 <59 <<55

96% Sulfuric Acid 86 68 95 113 — 86 77 59

85% Phosphoric Acid 194 230 248 203 176 203 194 203

10% Nitric Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling

65% Nitric Acid 221 212 212 212 212 230 221 203

80% Acetic Acid >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling 212p >Boiling >Boiling >Boiling

50% Formic Acid 158 212 212p 104 ≤50 194 194 59

50% Sodium Hydroxide 275 239 Boiling 194 185 230 194 203

83% Phosphoric Acid + 2% Hydrofluoric Acid

185 194 248 149 113 140 122 95

60% Nitric Acid + 2% Hydrochloric Acid

>140 140 >140 >140 >140 >140 >140 >140

50% Acetic Acid + 50% Acetic Anhydride

>Boiling >Boiling >Boiling 248 >Boiling 230 212 194

1% Hydrochloric Acid + 0.3% Ferric Chloride

>Boiling, p

203ps 140ps 77p 68p 203ps 113ps 68p

10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl¯ + N2

149 104 131 77 — 122 95 <55

10% Sulfuric Acid + 2000ppm Cl¯ + SO2

167 140 122 <<59p — 104 <59 <<50

WPA1, High Cl¯ Content 203 176 122 ≤50 <<50 203 113 86

WPA2, High F¯ Content 176 140 95 ≤50 <<50 167 140 95

WPA P2O5 Cl¯ F¯ H2SO4 Fe2O3 Al2O3 SiO2 CaO MgO

1 54 0.20 0.50 4.0 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.70

2 54 0.02 2.0 4.0 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.20 0.70

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

0 1 2HF%

Isocorrosion Curves (4 mpy) in pure hydrofluoric acid Figure 4

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

HF%

904L

654 SMO®

254 SMO®

Isocorrosion Curves (4 mpy) in pure fluosilic acid Figure 5

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

50

0 5 10H2SiF6%

°F

200

175

150

125

100

75

500 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

H2SiF6%

904L

654 SMO®

17-12-2.5

254 SMO®

Stainless steels such as 316L cannot be used in hydrochloric acid even at very low concentrations because of the risk of localized and general corrosion. However, as shown in Figure 3, 654 SMO may be used in dilute hydrochloric acid even at fairly high temperatures, and at room temperature up to about 8% concentration. As shown in Figures 4 and 5, the resistance of 654 SMO to hydrofluoric acid and fluosilic acids is also very good.

When selecting any stainless steel for a particular chemical environment, it should be remembered that the corrosion performance of any grade may be strongly affected by the presence of minor chemical constituents that may have been omitted from the laboratory test environment. Therefore, these data should be considered as the starting point for grade selection, to be supported by in-process coupon tests in a pilot plant or operating facility.

Intergranular CorrosionThe very low carbon content of 654 SMO in combination with its generally very good corrosion resistance make the steel immune to intergranular corrosion caused by chromium carbide precipitation. For this reason, the test methods normally used to detect the susceptibility of a stainless steel to intergranular corrosion, such as the methods based on copper sulfate and sulfuric acid mixtures (Strauss test), are not meaningful for 654 SMO. The improper heat treatment of 654 SMO can cause other types of precipitates that may be detrimental to corrosion resistance. These precipitates are better detected by examination of the microstructure or by tests for critical pitting environments, and not by the common tests for intergranular corrosion. Erosion Corrosion654 SMO possesses excellent resistance to erosion corrosion in seawater. This behavior is attributed both to its superior corrosion resistence and to its high surface hardening. which resists the effects of abrasive particles in the fluid.

Fabrication 654 SMO is extremely strong, as shown in Table 8, but it still retains the very high ductility and toughness expected of an austenitic stainless steel. Minimum tensile properties for 654 SMO up to 750°F are given in Table 9.

It may be possible to use the high strength of 654 SMO for reducing the section thicknesses in practical equipment relative to those required for 316L, 904L, and even 254 SMO. Table 10 gives the allowable design stresses for 654 SMO in Section VIII, Division 1 construction in accordance with ASME Code Case 2195-1. 654 SMO should not be used above about 1100°F because of the danger of precipitation of intermetallic phases and the consequent loss of corrosion resistance and ambient temperature toughness. However, 654 SMO can be used indefinitely at the moderate temperatures typically encountered in chemical processing and heat exchanger service.

Mechanical Properties Table 8

68°F

0.2% Yield Strength, ksi 62 min

Tensile Strength, ksi 109 min

Elongation, in 2 inches, % 40 min

Brinell Hardness 250 max

Charpy V-notch Impact Strength, ft-lb 106 min

Tensile Properties at Elevated Temperatures Table 9

Temperature °F 68 122 212 392 572 752

0.2% Yield Strength, ksi 62 56 51 46 44 43

1.0% Yield Strength, ksi 68 62 57 51 49 48

Tensile Strength, ksi 109 105 99 90 85 81

Maximum Allowable Stress Values, ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1 2007 Revision, 3.5 Safety Factor Table 10

Grade -20 to 100°F 400°F 500°F 600°F 650°F 700°F 750°F 800°F

654 SMO® 31.1 28.5 27.3 26.6 26.4 26.3 26.1 25.9

254 SMO® 26.9 24.3 23.5 23.0 22.8 22.7 22.6 —

904L 20.3 13.8 12.7 11.9 11.6 11.4 — —

316L 16.7 15.7 14.8 14.0 13.7 13.5 13.2 —

2205 Code Plus Two® (S31803) 25.7 23.9 23.3 23.1 — — — —

Type 654 SMO® - 76 - Type 654 SMO®

Physical Properties Table 11

Temperature °F 68 212 392 572 752

Modulus of Elasticity psi x 106 27 27 26 25 24

Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (68°F to T) x10-6/°F — 8.3 8.6 8.8 9.0

Thermal Conductivity Btu/h ft °F 5.0 5.7 6.5 7.3 8.4

Heat Capacity Btu/lb°F 0.120 0.124 0.129 0.133 0.136

Electrical Resistivity Ω-in x 10-6 30.7 31.9 33.9 35.8 37.8

Density lb/in3 0.289 — — — —

Magnetic Permeability 1.003 — — — —

Grade Tensile Strength

MeanStrength Amplitude

654 SMO® 143.1 41.6 ±34.1

3RE60 104.1 41.2 ±33.9

2205 Code Plus Two® 103.6 37.7 ±30.5

Fatigue Strength, ksi Table 12

15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Strength, ksi

Elon

gatio

n, %

180

150

120

90

60

30

0

60

40

20

0

0 5 10Percent Cold Work

Tensile Strength

1% Offset Y

ield Strength

0.2% Offs

et Yield Stre

ngth

Elongation

Mechanical Properties after Cold Working Figure 6

180

150

120

90

60

30

00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Percent Cold Work

Strength, ksi

60

40

20

0

Elon

gati

on, %

The following welding guidelines will ensure optimal corrosion resistance and mechanical properties in the as-welded condition.

1. P16 should be used in all welding methods. Autogenous welding should be avoided unless a subsequent full anneal is possible, or in certain limited circumstances after qualification of the resulting structure.

2. The geometry of the weld zone should be set up to establish full penetration of the filler metal with minimal dilution from the base metal.

3. For gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW or TIG), pure argon or argon mixed with 3-5% nitrogen should be used as the torch gas. If GTAW is used for autogenous welding, argon with 3-5% nitrogen should be used as the torch gas to obtain the best corrosion resistance.

4. For plasma arc welding (PAW), pure argon or argon mixed with 10% nitrogen and 5% hydrogen should be used as the plasma gas, whether the weld is made with filler or autogenously. The shielding gas should consist of argon mixed with 10-20% nitrogen.

5. For backing gas, nitrogen mixed with 10% hydrogen should be used. The steel is sensitive to oxidation, so root purging should be performed with care.

6. When welding with filler metal by GTAW or PAW, the filler wire should be fed evenly and continuously to avoid variations in composition of the weld.

7. The arc should be struck in the prepared weld zone in order to avoid the point of autogenous welding, with its associated reduced corrosion resistance, outside of the weld.

8. The weld procedure should use low heat input, including small diameter wire, no weaving in the horizontal position, low amperage, and thinner electrodes.

9. In multi-pass welding, the workpiece should be allowed to cool to approximately 212°F before the next weld pass.

10. Pipe or crater cracking may occur on abrupt termination of welds, as with other austenitic stainless steels. Such defects can be removed by welding, or they can be substantially avoided by carefully terminating, by backstepping the electrode, and by lifting gently through the slag pool.

11. Heat treatment is not normally required after welding, provided that P16 filler has been used.

12. To obtain optimal corrosion resistance, post-weld cleaning should be thorough, preferably with abrasive cleaning followed by careful pickling.

13. Abrasive contact with copper/brass fixtures should be avoided because copper metal penetration into grain boundaries may cause cracking during welding.

654 SMO mill products are delivered with a homogeneous composition. Remelting of the parent metal, as may occur during welding without filler metal, may cause microscopic segregation of elements such as chromium, nickel, and especially molybdenum. This phenomenon occurs in all highly alloyed austenitic stainless steels, but becomes increasingly pronounced with the more highly alloyed grades. These variations may reduce the corrosion resistance of the weld. As a general principle, 654 SMO should not be welded without filler metal unless the weld will be subsequently fully annealed.

When the weld is not to be subsequently annealed, an overalloyed filler metal should be used. Because of the high corrosion resistance of 654 SMO, the degree of overalloying required is unusually high. The preferred filler metal, designated P16, is shown in Table 13.

Table 11 lists some physical properties of 654 SMO as a function of temperature.

It is anticipated that the high strength and corrosion resistance of 654 SMO will give excellent corrosion fatigue resistance. As shown in Table 12, initial tests performed in air at 20 Hz indicate that 654 SMO is at least comparable with the duplex stainless steels.

Cold Forming 654 SMO possesses very good cold formability. Most common stainless steel forming methods can be used for cold forming 654 SMO. Because of the high strength and high work hardening rate for 654 SMO, fabricators will find that higher forming forces and increased allowance for spring back are necessary. However, the high ductility of 654 SMO has proven useful, as in the case of stamping of sharply formed heat exchanger plates from thin sheets of 654 SMO. The work hardening rate is quite rapid, as shown by the increase in strength as a function of cold working in Figure 6. Hot Forming and AnnealingHot working of 654 SMO should be carried out in the 2200°F-2000°F range. Higher temperatures will reduce workability and may produce heavy scaling. To deal with intermetallic phases that may precipitate during the hot forming, it is necessary to anneal at a minimum of 2100°F, followed by water quenching. Too slow a cooling rate may cause precipitation of intermetallic phases, reducing corrosion resistance. MachiningThe high strength, toughness, and work hardening of 654 SMO make machining of this grade substantially more difficult than that for the common austenitic grades. Powerful, rigid equipment, reduced speeds and feeds, and superior lubrication are necessary for machining 654 SMO. Welding654 SMO possesses good weldability and can be welded using the conventional welding methods applied to the common austenitic stainless steels.

Welding Consumables Table 13

P16 C max. Si Mn Cr Ni Mo

Welding Wire 0.02 0.2 0.5 23 Bal. 16

Covered Electrode 0.02 0.5 0.7 25 Bal. 14

Additional details for the various welding methods are given in the brochure, “How to Weld Type 654 SMO®.” This booklet is available through your local Outokumpu sales representative.

Welding ConsumablesAvesta Welding provides coated electrodes; wires for GTAW, GMAW, PAW, FCW, and SAW; and welding fluxes, all of which have been formulated to produce excellent results when welding 654 SMO. For these products, contact Avesta Welding at 1-800-441-7343.

Cleaning and Passivation654 SMO mill products are delivered with a surface that is cleaned, most frequently by pickling, to remove oxide, embedded iron, and other foreign material. It is essential for maximum corrosion resistance that this cleanliness be maintained or restored after handling and fabrication. A major source of surface contamination is iron transferred from handling equipment, shears, dies, work tables, or other metal equipment. In service, this iron can corrode and initiate a pit. Other sources of contamination include slag entrapment in welds, weld spatter, heat tint, forming lubricants, dirt, or paint.

To maximize the corrosion resistance of stainless steel fabrications, including those of 654 SMO, acid passivation should be used to remove surface contaminants. For 654 SMO the suggested practice is to immerse the piece in a solution of 20-40% nitric acid in water for about 30 minutes at 120-140°F. Further guidelines for these procedures are given in ASTM A 380.

If the surface of the steel is oxidized, it may be necessary to use mechanical cleaning or pickling to restore maximum corrosion resistance. Some further guidance is provided in the brochure, “How to Weld Type 654 SMO®.” This booklet is available through your local Outokumpu sales representative.

Technical supportOutokumpu assists users and fabricators in the selection, installation, operation, and maintenance of 654 SMO austenitic stainless steel. Technical personnel, supported by the research laboratory of Outokumpu, can draw on years of field experience with 654 SMO to help you make the technically and economically correct materials decision.

Outokumpu is prepared to discuss individual applications and to provide data and experience as a basis for selection and application of 654 SMO.

Outokumpu works closely with its distributors to ensure timely availability of 654 SMO in the forms, sizes, and quantities required by the user. For assistance with technical questions, and to obtain top quality 654 SMO, please call Outokumpu at 1-800-833-8703.

1247EN

, Itasca, US

A. A

ug

ust 2013. E

ditio

n 2 (U

S)

Working towards forever.We work with our customers and partnersto create long lasting solutions for the toolsof modern life and the world’s most critical problems:clean energy, clean water and efficient infrastructure.Because we believe in a world that lasts forever.

Outokumpu High Performance Stainless2275 E. Half Day Road, Suite 300, Bannockburn, IL 60015 USA

Tel. 1-847-317-1400 Fax 1-847-317-1404outokumpu.com

Information given in this brochure may be subject to alterations without notice. Care has been taken to ensure that the contents of this publication are accurate but Outokumpu and its affiliated companies do not accept responsibility for errors or for information which is found to be misleading. Suggestions for or descriptions of the end use or application of products or methods of working are for information only and Outokumpu and its affiliated companies accept no liability in respect thereof. Before using products supplied or manufactured by the company the customer should satisfy himself of their suitability. 2205 Code Plus Two® is a trademark of Outokumpu Stainless, Inc.254 SMO® and 654 SMO are trademarks of Outokumpu Stainless.

1095EN, Itasca, U

SA. O

ctober 2014.