Date: 18 February 2008 Federal Aviation Administration
Collaborative Decision Making at the FAA/ATO A look at how CDM is
applied in the U.S.
Slide 2
2 Federal Aviation Administration 2 CDM in the US - Outline
Overview of the problem CDM is addressing Early successes with
FAA/ATO data sharing Airport arrival constraints and managing
equity thru ground delay programs Airspace flow program (AFP)
focused on en route constraints CDM tools in development
4 Federal Aviation Administration 4 ATO Dash Board
Slide 5
5 Federal Aviation Administration 5 Early CDM Accomplishments
http://www.atcscc.faa.gov/ois http://www.atcscc.faa.gov/ois NAS
status information is available on the Internet at
http://www.atcscc.faa.gov/ois http://www.atcscc.faa.gov/ois -
Special Use Airspace data is available - Special Use Airspace data
is available Runway visual range data is available at 28 airports
Runway visual range data is available at 28 airports TRACON Radar
tracks available to airlines at major airports TRACON Radar tracks
available to airlines at major airports
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6 Federal Aviation Administration 6 Sample Benefits of FAA Data
Sharing Approach radar tracks available to Airlines Enhanced
terminal area situational awareness to Airline Operations Centers
Reduced the number of diversions Estimated 3 - 5 diversions avoided
per week during inclement weather ($5K - $100K each) Improved
recovery from missed approaches Improved gate management at ramp
tower Increased accuracy on touchdown and gate times Improved
management of airline/airport resources
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7 Federal Aviation Administration 7 Highlights: CDM for Traffic
Flow Management in the US Initial CDM concepts were developed
starting in the mid- 90s. CDM-based decision support tool (FSM the
flight schedule monitor) and information exchange network (CDM-net)
became operational in 1998 for the planning and control of ground
delay programs (GDPs). Broad participation by FAA operations
personnel and nearly all air carriers and more recently business
jet operators. CDM-Group meets regularly to develop new computer-
based tools and operational procedures, to analyze air traffic data
and problem areas and to solve pressing problems.
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8 Federal Aviation Administration 8 CDM Concepts and Features
Philosophical components: improved information and common
situational awareness distributed control and decision making:
Decision made by most appropriate party Economic tradeoffs made by
appropriate flight operator strong and continuous interaction among
airspace system managers and flight operators FAAairlines
airlineairline; peer pressure Technical accomplishments: new fair
allocation principles shared decision support tool (FSM) shared
communications network (CDMnet) Airspace Flow Program Reliance on
data analysis and objective critique
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9 Federal Aviation Administration 9 Motivation for Ground Delay
Programs: airline schedules assume good weather SFO: scheduled
arrivals: VMC airport acceptance rate: IMC airport acceptance
rate:
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10 Federal Aviation Administration 10 Flight Schedule Monitor
(FSM) Decision support tool to monitor and control arrival demand
at airports Receives regular flight list updates from ETMS Provides
graphical and statistical displays of arrival demand Flight Lists
Hourly Demand Graphs
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11 Federal Aviation Administration 11 Ground Delay Programs
delayed departures delayed departures delayed arrivals/ no airborne
holding control = flight departure time decision variable = flight
arrival time (slot)
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12 Federal Aviation Administration 12 Ground Delay Programs
(GDPs) Used to control excess arrival demand at airports Executed
through FSM Assigns arrival slots to flights based on airport
capacity Releases each flight from its departure airport in time to
meet its arrival slot Excess demand delayed to match capacity
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13 Federal Aviation Administration 13 Equity is the Challenge
in Assigning Airline Delay CDM provides a Slot Exchange: -
Intra-Airline Slot Exchange -- Cancellation and Substitution
Process: slot-to-flight allocation viewed as slot-to-airline
allocation; airlines can reassign slots they own to their flights
in any way possible as part of process they may cancel certain
flights. - Inter-Airline Slot Exchange -- Compression: implements a
type of inter-airline slot exchange in situation where airlines are
assigned slots they are otherwise unable to use.
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14 Federal Aviation Administration 14 Arrival slot allocations
Normal Capacity: arrival rate = 60/hr Degraded Conditions: arrival
rate = 30/hr
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15 Federal Aviation Administration 15 GDPs under CDM Resource
Allocation Process: FAA: initial fair slot allocation
[Ration-by-schedule] Airlines: flight-slot
assignments/reassignments [Cancellations and substitutions] FAA:
periodic reallocation to maximize slot utilization [Compression]
Estimated that millions of minutes of delay are saved each year due
to better use of available capacity.
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16 Federal Aviation Administration 16 Convective Weather
Problem
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17 Federal Aviation Administration 17 GDPs as an Airspace Tool
Control the Wrong Flights Many flights in the FCA are not
controlled because they arent going to the GDP airports
Uncontrolled flights in the FCA Many flights not in the FCA are
unnecessarily delayed because they are going to GDP airports
Delayed flights not in the FCA
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18 Federal Aviation Administration 18 Airspace Flow Programs
(AFPs) Uses FSM scheduling technology matched airspace demand and
capacity problems Lets traffic managers apply coordinated delays to
flights overloading en route resources Create a Flow Constrained
Area ETMS manages data exchange Meter flights in the FCA through
FSM FCA parametersFCA flight list Flight delaysUpdated demand
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19 Federal Aviation Administration 19 AFP Operations Uses
established infrastructure and procedures for distributing and
maintaining controlled departure times Customers can avoid imposed
ground delay by routing around constrained area Resulting drop in
demand will reduce all delay through compression Programs can be
revised as demand and weather change, to make full use of all
available capacity
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20 Federal Aviation Administration 20 AFP Benefits Much more
precise control of airspace demand Reduce Ground Stops, diversions
and airborne holding versus Distribute delay fairly among flights
contributing to the excess demand Avoid imposing unnecessary delay
on flights that dont use constrained resources Provide customers
more predictability and flexibility / options The AFP is a building
block for airspace congestion management Before AFPWith AFP
Slide 21
21 Federal Aviation Administration 21 Other CDM Activities
Concept Engineering Activities TFM Surface Data Initiative (TSDI)
Surface Traffic Count Monitor (STCM) Departure Flow Management
(DFM) Route Availability Prototype Tool (RAPT)