DAU NHON - MO- PHU GIA

7/28/2019 DAU NHON - MO- PHU GIA

1/378

DUNHN-M-PHGIA

I. icngII. Chcnng

III. Cctnhchtlha

IV. Dugc:Snxut,ctrngvTnhcht

V. PhgiaVI.Mnhn


2/378

ChngI:icng


3/378

ChngI:ICNGVCHTBITRNnhngha:LaRousse:Lsnphmdngbitrn

Technique:Lsnphmchophphoclmddngchoschuynnggia2chititckh

Phnloi:Phnloitheotrngthicadubitrn:

ChtbitrnKH

ChtbitrnLNG(dubitrn,dunhn)

M(Chtbitrnbnrn)


4/378

ChtbitrnRN

Phnloitheomcchsdng:3loichnhDuchongctDutruynng(botedevitesse...)Ducngnghip


5/378

ThtrngChtbitrn

Dugc:NngsuttinhmyLcdu(Gonfreville):RA=44.000kt/nm

tngnghn1%duthcxl

Nngsutdunhn:38.000kt/nm

khong50%csdnglmdungc

Phnbtrnthgii (kt)Tyu 7300

Trungvngu 2300PhiChu 1100

Trungng 2100

Chuvchuidng 10100

BcM 12300


6/378

NamM 3900


7/378

Tiuthtrongnm2001Dungc: 49%ngcxng 18%

ngcDiesel 23%

ngc2th 1%

Truynng 7%

DuTuthy 4%DuCngnghip 47%

Turbin

Mynn

Thylc...


8/378

Ccloikhc:Dumybay 36000t/nmM

Duphanh,dugimsc,dulmmt...


9/378

Chutrnhbitrnngc


10/378

PhnloidungcSAE


11/378

TiuchunkthutcaMAPI


12/378

TiuchunkthutChuuACEA


13/378

ChngII:

Chcnngcadubitrn


14/378

1.Chcnnggimmast tomngdu:phntch2bmtvtliu khicschuynng:chcccphnt

dutrtlnnhaumastniti(


15/378

Chc nng gim ma st trongng c t

Tibphnphnphi(camevpoussoirs):Mastlimite

Phgiachngmimn

Tipistonvcylindre:Mastmixte

nhtvphgiachngmimnTithanhtruyn:Masthydrodynamique

nht


16/378

nht


17/378

2.Chcnnglmsch mnkimloi bi,ctsntrongkhngkh

chtnhimbnsinhradoqutrnhchybomnvtliu

du:trng

thi

lng

chyqua

cc

bmtchuynngvkotheocccht

nhimbnavcarter

Chc nng lm sch trong ng c t


18/378

Chcnnglmschtrongngct

Tibungt:Tisoupapevbougie:

cntroautoallumage

Tipiston(T=200400oC):cntrnpiston

Bmdnhtrnsegment

Ticarter:cndonhitthp

Sludge


19/378

Sbmbntrongbungt

Dptsinhradonhinliukhngchyvdodubitrn(chyulcccutphgia)

hnchhmlngtro:

Gim hm lng ph gia hoc dng ph gia khng tro


20/378

GimhmlngphgiahocdngphgiakhngtroCngthcphitrnringchongcxngvdiesel


21/378

Sbmbnpiston

Duchtlngtt Duchtlngxu


22/378

3.Chcnnglmmt

Mast

nhit

Trongngc:NhitdomastNhitdoqutrnhchynhinliu

du:trngthilngchyquaccbmtmastvmangtheonhitlmmtvtliu


23/378

4.Chcnnglmkn ngct:tivtrpiston-cylindre Mypht,bmthylc...:psutlmvic

rtln

yucukncao

du:nhvokhnngbmdnhvtomnglpkncckheh,bomqutrnhlmvicbnhthngchothitb


24/378

5.Chcnngbovbmt Stipxcccchititmyvicctcnhn

gynmnnh:

Oxy,mcakhngkhKhthihaykhchytnhinliuttrongn

g

chaycclt

Mitrnglmvic

bmtvtliuboxyhahaybnmn

du: to lp mng bao ph b mt cc chi


25/378

du:tolpmngbaophbmtccchititngncchstipxcviccyut

mi

trng

C kh i i d


26/378

Cc yu cu khci vi dung c

KhongcchthaydudiChtcchoxyha

lachndugc

Titkimnhinliu(Fueleconomy)nht

Phgiabintnhmast

Gimn Gim nhim

Ph i kh t


27/378

Phgiakhngtro

Phgiaphntn

Q h Mi t Cht bi t


28/378

Quan hMi trng Cht bi trn Trctip:Gimtiuthnhinliu

KYOTO:camktgim8%snxutCO2Vphangnht:gim12%phtthiCO2QuytnhcaEU: 140g/kmnm2008120g/kmnm2012Vaitrcadu:Fueleconomy

Gintip:GimphtthitpchtHthngxlkhthi(post-traitement):khNOx,CO,

HCkhngchyvparticule

Yucuividu:khngcntrhotngcah

thngny


29/378

(ngcxctc)


30/378

ChngIII:

Cctnhchtlhacadubitrn


31/378

1.TnhchtvtlnhtChsnhtbayhiTnhchtnhitthp

2.Tnhchtchc3.TnhchthahcTnhnnhoxyha

Chskimvaxit

imanilin

Ch s hydroxyle


32/378

ChshydroxyleCncacbonHmlngtro

Cnkhngtan

I T h ht t l


33/378

I.Tnhchtvtl1.nht

Lyutquytnhchbitrn:chiudy

mngduvmtmtdomastNuducnhtquln:

TrlctngMimnkhikhing

KhnngluthngkmNuducnhtnhDbyrakhibmtbitrnkhnngbmdnhkm

Mtmtdubitrn

1 nht (tt)


34/378

1.nht(tt)Lilngkimtrasthayidutrong

qutrnhsdngnhtcthbiudindi3dng:

1. nhtnglc(viscositdynamique)

2. nhtnghc(viscositcinmatique)3. nhtquic(viscositempirique)

nht ng lc


35/378

nhtnglcLilngctrngchotrlcdomastnitisinhrakhiccphntchuynngtngivinhaunhlutNewton:LcmastnitiFsinhragia2lp

chtlngcschuynngtngivinhaustlvidintchtipxcScabmtchuynngvgradienttcdu/dhbihs,chnhlnhtnglchc

:paisseurdu

filmdhuile

nht ng lc


36/378

nhtnglc CngthcNewton:F=.S.dudh Chtlngnewton:=f(chtlng,t,p) o:loinhtkquay

Brookfield,CCS(ColdCrakingSimulator),MRV(MiniRotaryViscometer),Ravenfield(HTHS)...

nv: HSI:Pa.s HCGS:Poise(P),thngdngcP(centiPoise)

H2O: 20oC=1cP


37/378

1Pa.s=10Phay1mPa.s=1cP Chtlngphinewton:=(chtlng,t,p,tctrt(du/dh)

Nht k Ravenfield


38/378

NhtkRavenfield

nht ng hc


39/378

nhtnghcLnhtkthutcadu,cxcnhbngt

sgianhtnglcvittrngcadu

o:othigianchy(bnggiy)camtthtchdunhtnhquamtngmaoqunchun,cgilnhtkmaoqunvctnhtheocngthc:

=C.t

C:hngsnhtknv:

H SI: m

2

/s, thng dng mm

2

/s

HCGS:Stokes(St),thngdngcSt H2O: 20oC = 1 cSt


40/378

H2O: 20oC 1cSt

1cm2/s=1Sthay1mm2/s=1cSt

Nht k mao qun


41/378

Nhtkmaoqun

nht qui c


42/378

nhtquicnhtEngler(oE),nhtRedwood(oR)nhtSSU(SecondSayboltUniversal)

PhngphpSSUcdngchoHDBsnxutbngdungmi,xcnh100oF(hay37,8oC)

ViscoSSU 5lnKV40(cSt)Ex: +Du100NS

+Du350NS

Lu:iviccloidugckhc,thc


43/378

sisauchnhtnghc(cSt)100oC


44/378

Phnloidubitrntheonh

ISO o(cSt)40C ISO o(cSt)40CVG2 2,2 VG100 100

VG3 3,2 VG150 150

VG5 4,6 VG220 220

VG7 6,8 VG320 320

VG10 10 VG460 460

VG15 15 VG680 680

VG22 22 VG1000 1000

VG32 32 VG1500 1500

VG46 46 VG2200 2200

VG68 68 VG3200 3200

t


45/378

Vd:LoiISOVG32:daongt28,8n35.2cSt40oC


46/378

1. Ducngnghip(ISO3448):

MiISOchophpnmtrongbin10


47/378

Phnloidubitrntheonh

SAEJ306oNhitmax(C)

t=150000mPa.so(cSt)100C

min max70W -55 4,1

75W -40 4,1

80W -26 7,0

85W -12 11,080 7,0


48/378

Ex:Duchoponthypode:loiSAE90

E : D cho hp s ( t) : loi 75W 80 75W 80


49/378

2. Dutruynng(SAEJ306):

duncphocacp

Ex:Duchohps(t):loi75W-80,75W-80,...


50/378

SAEJ300

max(mPa.s)nhitthp

o(C),ASTMD5293,loi

CCS

max(mPa.s)vnhitbm

ogiihn(C),ASTMD4684,

lo iMRV

o(cSt)100CASTMD445Nhtkmaoqun

min

Viscositsouscisaillement(mPa.s)

o150C,ASTMD4683,loiRavenfield

0W 6200-35 60000-40 3,8

5W 6600-30 60000-35 3,8

10W 7000-25 60000-30 4,1

15W 7000-20 60000-25 5,6

20W 9500-15 60000-20 5,6

25W 13000-10 60000-15 9,3

20 5,6


51/378

t


52/378

*2,9mPa.sividu0W-40, 5W-40v10W-40

3. Dungct(SAEJ300)3,7mPa.s15W-40,20W-40,25W-40v40

II. Ch s nht


53/378

Sthayinhttheonhit:

nhtgimnhanhkhitngnhitEx:loidukhongparafinique,nhtgim7lnkhi

tngTt60ln120oCSgimnhtkhinhittngphthucvocutrchahccadu

Ch s nht (VI)


54/378

( )Quanhgianhtnglchcvnhit:

PhngtrnhAndrade(hayArrhenius)

=A.e

B

T

n

=lnA+

: nht ng lc hc (mPa s)

A

t(K)


55/378

,B

:hn

gs

T:nh

i

B T


56/378

Chsnht(VI)


57/378

+a

( )

Quanhgianhtnghcvnhit:PhngtrnhWalthervMacCoull::nhtnghc(mm2/s)

+a=A.e

B

TnT:nhit(K)

a:hngs,a=0,6nu>1,5mm2/sA:hsphthucvonvca(A=1nulmm2/s)

B,n:hsctrngchochtlng

hay lg +aA

=B'

Tn hay lglgA

=lgB' nlgT

ThayA=1vlgB=b,tac:


58/378

lglg(+a)=b-nlgT

Chsnht(VI)


59/378

Quanhgianhtnghcvnhit:PhngtrnhASTM

lglgZ=A-BlgT

Z=+0,7+C-D+E-F+G-H

:nhtnghc(mm2/s)A,B:hngs

C,D,E,F,G,H:hsphthucvo

TheotiuchunASTMD341,ividubitrn:Z=+0,7

Phng trnh ASTM: lglg(

+0 7)=A

BlgT


60/378

Chsnht(VI)


61/378

XcnhVI:sosnhsthayinhtcadutheonhitvisthayinhtca2loiduchun

LoiduLcVI=0(ex:dunaphtnique)LoiduHcVI=100(ex:duparaffinique)

GiY:nhtnghccaducnxcnh100o

C

GiU:nhtnghccaducnxcnh40o

C

GiH:nhtnghccaduH(VI=100)40oC

,

cnhtnghc100oCbngY

GiL:nhtnghccaduL(VI=0)40oC,c


62/378

nhtnghc100oCbngY

Chsnht(VI)


63/378

viscosi

t

(mm

2/s)

(lglg(+0,7))

VIinconnu(


64/378

viN=lg H lgU

lgY40 100

T(oC)

(lgT)

Chsnht(VI)


65/378

KhiY


66/378

nht cua hn h


67/378

p

nhtnglccuahnhp:Log

=

V1

VLog1

+

V2

VLog2

Trongo:

: nht ng lc hn hp

1,2:nhtnglccut

1 va 2


68/378

1va2

V1,V2:thtchcut1va2V=V1+V2

nht cua hn hp


69/378

(tt)

nhtnghoccuahnhp:LnLn(+D)=X1LnLn(1+D)+X2LnLn(2+D)

Trong o:

: nht ng hoc hn hp

1,2:nhtnghoccut1va2

X1,X2:phntrmthtchcut1va2D: hng s hiu chnh phu thuc vao nhit


70/378

Nhit D

100oC 1,8mm2/s40oC 4,1mm2/s


71/378

gnlinvihmlngcchpchtnhlilngthhinstiuthdutrongqutrnhsdng(mtmtdobayhi)o:

bayhiNoack(ASTMD5800):%mmtmtcadukhichohtkhngkhiqua65gdudipsut20mmH2Otrong1h250oC

bayhi(tt)Thng thng, cc du nng c bay hi nh h


72/378

Thngthng,ccdunngcbayhinhhn

ccdunh

IV.Tnhchtnhitthp


73/378

imvnc(Pointdetrouble,Cloudpoint):nhitmtixuthincctinhthparaffineutinimchy(Pointdcoulement,Pourpoint):nhitthpnhtmtiduvnchylng

Quanstktqu:-Bngmtthng-Bngphpochnhlchnhitln

g

o:lmlnhchmduvquanstmi1oCiviimvncvmi3oCiviimchy.Gitrimchy:nhittidukhngchyna(sau5giy)ccngthm3oC

Thitbo


74/378

ChIII.2:Tnhchtchc


75/378

ngsuttrt(Contraintesmcaniquesdecisaillement)

=FSTrongqutrnhlmvic,duchunhngngsuttrtsau:

Khongcchrtbgia2chititckhchuynngVntcchuynngln

Lmgimnhtcadu(chutedeviscosit)Thunnghch(cisaillementrversible)Khngthunnghch(cisaillementirrversible)

Sstnht


76/378

DuNewton:khnggimnhtkhichutcngc

hc

DugckhongvdugckhongtnhinHuilecchaphgiapolymeAVI:khngthamnlut

Newton

PseudoplastiqueChtlngphiniutn

Sstnhttmthi

Sstnhtvnhvin


77/378

Phngphpocisaillement


78/378

Viphun

diesel

(Injecteur

Diesel

-Orbahn):

Nguyntc:Mtthtchdukhngi

cphunt30n250lndi

psut175barquamtviphun

dieselcngknhvim.

BancORBAHN


79/378

ChIII.3:Tnhchthahc


80/378

I.Tnh

n

nh

oxy

ha

du:

1.nhhngsoxyhankhnngbitrn:binchtdu,do:

shnhthnhccaxithuc

tngnhtcadu stchtcn

lmendu

Cartervhiculedessence1,2L:Huile15W-40

minralecompltement

oxyde(TBN


81/378

Soxyhadu(tt)


82/378

2.Cch:phnngcchgc,3giaionKhimo:xyrachmvihinnglng

RH+O2R +HO2Lantruyn:xyranhanh,phnngchui

R+O2ROOROO+RHROOH+R

hocR+O2+RHROOH+R

HO2+RHH2O2+RPhnnhnhchui(ROOHinitiateur)ROOHRO+HO

2ROOHRO+ROO+H2Orad-O+RHrad-OH+R....


83/378

Cchoxyhadu(tt)VytROOHsnphmccc:


84/378

ctone,aldhyde,acide,alcool,esterhpchtnhbayhihpchtnnghatanvkhnghatan

Kt

thc:

R+RR-R(hydrocacbonnnghn)ROO+RROOR(snphmoxyhakhnghotng)ROO+ROORO+ROH+O2

Soxyhadu(tt)3 h h b ht d


85/378

3.nhhngcabnchtdugc:

Tnh khng oxy ha ca du gc


86/378

o

o

o o


87/378

nhgitnhkhngoxyhaMc ch:


88/378

Mcch:-donsthayicadukhisdng

-aracngthcphitrndunhn

o:crtnhiuphpo,phthucvomcchsdng

dungct,duhps,dubnhrng...ducngnghip(dumynn,duturbin,...)dugiacngkimloi(giacng,tohnh,ct...)

otiphngthnghim,hoctrnchititmyhoctrnngc


89/378

Phpthphngthnghim1 Phng php CEC L 48 A 00:


90/378

1.PhngphpCEC-L-48-A-00:Nguyntc:

sckhngkhvitc10l/htrong192hvolthy

tinhcha300mldunhitkhngi(t160n170oC)

Phpthphngthnghim2 Phng php ICOT:


91/378

2.PhngphpICOT:Nguyntc:

Sckhngkh15l/hvongthytinh

cha27gdutrong30h175oC=40h170oC=48h165oC

40ppmFe

Phpthphngthnghim3 Phng php IP 280: (du khong cng nghip du


92/378

3.PhngphpIP280:(dukhongcngnghip,duturbin)

Nguyntc:scO21l/htrong

164hvongthytinhcha30gdu120oC

hnhpnaphtnatesCuvFe(CuvFe:miloi20ppm)

hpthaxitnh

bayhitrongnc


93/378

II.Chsaxitvkim1 Tnh axit:


94/378

1.Tnhaxit:Ccaxitcmttrongdudidng:

Axithuc Axitvc

dophgiatrongdumi

2.Tnhkim:Ccalcalinecavotrongdumilmtrunghaccsnphmsinhradoqutrn

h

oxyhadukhisdng


95/378

Chsaxitvkim(tt)3. nh ngha:


96/378

3.nhngha: Chsaxit(AN,TAN):

HA+KOHKA+H2OSmg KOH cn thittrung ha axit cha trong 1gam du

Chskim(BN,TBN):MOH+HClMCl+H2O

SmgKOHtlngtngngvilngaxitHCl(hocHClO4)cnthittrunghaccbasechatrong1gamdu

nv

AN,

BN:

mg

KOH/g

du

4. Mcchxcnh:bitctnhchtcadumi


97/378

theodibinchtdutrongqutrnhsdng

C4phngphpxcnhchstrungha:PhngphpxcnhAN,BN

Phngphp Chtphn

Phngphpchun

ngdng


98/378

AN,BNcamtviloidubitrn:

NAFNORASTM phnng

chunAN T60-112D974

D664

KOH

KOH

Chtchthmu

ointh

Dusngmu

Ttc

BN T60-112D974

D4739D2896

HCl

HClHClO4

Chtchthmu

ointhointh

Dusngmu

DungcsdngTtcducphgiaki

DuSAEJ300 AN(ASTMD664) BN(ASTMD4739) BN(ASTMD2896

15W-40 3,6 7,7 10,015W-40 3,4 5,7 7,6

15W-40 3,0 9,7 11,1

W-40 3,6 13,6 15,0

III.imanilinMcch:nhgihmlngaromatictrong


99/378

c c g g a o at c t o g

duthngquakhnnghatanvoanilinecadu.

Nguyntc:hnhp2thtchtngngcaduvAnilinecunnng(ckhuy)chonkhitanlnhonton,sauc

lmlnhchonkhixuthinsvnc

Nhittiimxuthinvnc:im

Aniline(oC)(PA)


100/378

IV.ChsHydroxyleMcch:nhgichcOHtrongdu


101/378

g g

Phngphpxcnh:choduphnngvilngdaxitacetic

R-OH+CH3COOHR-O-CO-CH3+H2OchunlngdaxitaceticbngKOH

SmgKOHcnthittrunghaaxitacetictiuhaochophnngacetylha1gamdu

V.HmlngcnCacbon nh ngha: l % cn thu c sau khi du tr


102/378

nhngha:l%cnthucsaukhidutri

quamtqutrnhbayhi,crackinhvcchatrongnhngiukinxcnh

Mcch:nhgichtlngdugcchnduthchhpchotngngdng

lachnphgia


103/378

HmlngcnCacbon(tt) Phng php xc nh


104/378

Phngphpxcnh1.CncacbonConradson(CCR):(ASTMD189)

dngchodunngngmutrongchn

nungbngstchymunhit

phncchatrongmitrngkn

nhlngphncn(%m)

Dugc CCR(%m)

Hmlngaromatic(%m)tng polyaromatique

uile200NS

uile350NS

0,02

0,03

23,6

22,8

2,2

2,0


105/378

u e 350 S

uile600NSSS(BrightStockSolvant)

ri htStockAromati ue

0,03

0,070,85

1 55

,8

26,240,7

51 2

,0

2,85,8

9 9

HmlngcnCacbon(tt)

CCRcaviloidugc:


106/378

2.CncacbonRamsbottom:(ASTMD524)

dngchodunhngmutronglthytinh:nhitphnmu550oC-20p

ht

nhlngphncn

QuanhgiacnConradsonRamsbottom


107/378

VI.Hmlngtro nh ngha: L lng cn cn li sau khi t


108/378

nhngha:Llngcncnlisaukhitchyhontonmudu

Dungct:hmlngtrosulfatePhngphpxcnh:ASTMD874

Dungcxng:trosulfate 1,5%mDungcdiesel:trosulfate 2%m

VII.HmlngcnkhngtanMcch:nhgimcnhimbnhocmt


109/378

phmcht(nhitvha)cadu

Cnkhngtan=mui,bi,mnhkimloi(domimn),snphmcaoxyhavthyphn...

Xcnh:theoccphngphpsau1.

Cnkhng

tan

tng:

S

mg

cn

thu

c

khi

emlc100mldudngchoducngnghip

Mnglc0,8

m:duthylc Mnglc1,2m:duthylcnhtcao

Mnglc5m:dubnhrng


110/378

Hmlngcnkhngtan(tt)


111/378

2.Cnkhngtantrongpentanevcnkhngtantrongtolune: ASTMD893 chodungct,dutruynng chokttabngdungmi thukttabnglytm

Dungmi:Pentane:kttatonbmui,muich,mnhkim

loi,bivnha(snphmcasoxyhadu)

Tolune:hatannhavkttatonbcchpchtl


112/378


113/378

ChngIV:

Dugc

Dugc


114/378

1. DuthcvtDungvt2. Dukhong(gcdum)3. Dukhongtruynthng(NhmI)4. DukhongHydrotraite(NhmII)5. Du

khong

Hydrocraque

/Hydroisomris(NhmIII)

6.DugcGastoLiquid

7.Dutnghp(NhmIVvV)8.Phnloi


115/378

1.Dungthcvt


116/378

lestercaruhocaxitboNgungc:

Dulanh,duda,duci,duhngdng,duthudu... Mb...

Trngthivt l: Lng,c(pteux),Rn

Sdng: Ducngnghip,Dutrongcngnghthcphm,M,Bintnhmast..

Duthcvt


117/378

Cutrc:

+Triestercaaxitbo:H2COCO

HCOCOH2COCO

Stearicacid

Oleicacid

Linoleicacid

Functionality:CacboxylGroup,Doublebond

+Ringividuthudu:Ricinoleicacid

H2COCO

HCOCO

H2COCO

OH

OH

OH


118/378

Tnhchtduthcvt


119/378

2.Dukhong


120/378

Cc

cu

t

chnh

trong

du

khong:

nparaffineisoparaffine

aromatique

naphtnique


121/378

Tnh cht cc cu ttrong du khong Paraffinemchthng:


122/378

nht100oC:3(C25)30mm2/s VIrtcao 200 imchy>>>Nhitmitrng

Paraffinephnnhnh: VIthphnsovin-paraffine imchygimkhimcphnnhnhtng Paraffinectnhnhdithithunlihn

Paraffinenhiunhnhngn

Tnh cht cc cu ttrong du khongNaphtniquevaromatiquenvng:


123/378

Vicngsnguyntcacbone:VIthphnnparaffineimchythphnnparaffineNaphtniquevaromatiqueavng:HpchtavngngngtShindincaNvSTnhbnoxyhakm

Tnh cht cc cu ttrong du khong


124/378

3. Du khong truyn thng (Nhm I)

VI=95100


125/378

HDB

Rsidu

atm

Extractiondes

aromatiques

Dparaffinage HydrognationStrippage

DSV Dsasphaltage


126/378

3.1.Chngchtchnkhng


127/378

3.2.Tchasphalte


128/378

28,5%

71,5%


129/378

3.3.Trchlyaromatic


130/378

3.4.Tchsp


131/378

3.5.LmschlncuibngH2


132/378

Traitementdefinition:Mcch:lmschdu,loibcchp

chtN,S,O(nhhngnmuscca

du)tsthottnh

Hydrofinissage+stripping

Hydrognationdouce15100bars

230 430oC


133/378

230430oCVVH=0,53h-1

MctinhchHDBnhmI


134/378

Duth RA(%) HDB(%)

Edjeleh 34 17

Zarzaitine 26 13

Aramco 35 12


135/378

Aramco 35 12

Kuwait 46 10

Irak 31 7.5

HiusutthuHDBnhmI

ctrngHDBnhmI*


136/378

*

*

*

*

*


137/378

Sphnbcacbone


138/378

4. Du khong Hydrotraite (Nhm II)


139/378

DukhongHydrotraite(NhmII)


140/378

SISODEWAXING


141/378

MctinhchHDBnhmII


142/378

ctnhHDBnhmII


143/378

5.DukhongHydrocraque(NhmIII)


144/378

Du khong Hydrocraque (Nhm III)


145/378

5.DukhongHydrocraque/Hydroisomris(NhmIII)


146/378

DukhongHydrocraque/Hydroisomris(NhmIII)


147/378

ExxonMobil/Total(Dunkerque),Total(Gonfreville)

%pds

Aromatique 5Naphtnique 45

Paraffinique 50

%pds

Aromatique 1

Naphtnique 45

ff


148/378

Paraffinique 55

%pds

Aromatique 0

Naphtnique 30

Paraffinique 70

ctnhcaHDBNhmIIIVI120135

hydrocraquage

extractiondesaromatiquedparaffinagesolvantfractionnement

DEA(Allemagne),Petrocanada:hydrocraquage

dparaffinagecatalytiqueh d d ff


149/378

hydroisomrisationdesparaffineshydrofinition

fractionnement

VI>135ShellPetitCouronne

hydroisomrisationdegatschs/paraffines

dparaffinagesolvant

ctnhcaHDBNhmIII


150/378

6.DugcGTLGastoLiquidNguyntc:

Chuyn

ha

kh

thin

nhin

thnh

H-C

(tng

hpFisher-Tropsch)


151/378

p )

Naturalgas,ormethane,is convert

edintoamixtureo

f

hydrogenandcarbon

monoxide.Thismixtureis

calledsynthesisgas,orsyngas

Syngasisconverted

intoamixtureof

liquidsandwax

Thewaxisconvertedinto

room-temperatureliquids

thatcantravelinanoil

pipelineoroiltanker


152/378

DugcGastoLiquidChiphsnxutGTL:


153/378

Sosnhhiunng/gicaccHDBabayhi,


154/378

VI,hmlngaromatique,khnnglmvicnhitthp,phnhysinhhc...

7.Dutnghp(NhmIVvV)

1.Hydrocacbon:


155/378

y1.Polyisobutne(PIB)2.Polyalphaolfine(PAO)(PIO)3.Alkylaromatique:alkylbenzne,

alkylnaphtalne

2.Cchpchtoxy:1.Estercadiacide

2.Estercapolyol(TMP,PE)3.Oligomrecaalphaolfinevester

3.Polyalkylneglycol4.Cc hp cht P, Si, F


156/378

4.CchpchtP,Si,F

DutnghpPolyisobutneNguynliu:

PhnonC4: Ex: - isobutne4050%


157/378

-butne2030%-butane2030%

Polymrisation,HydrognationCutrchahc:

Polybutne-1 Polybutne-2 PolyisobutnePIB-[CH2CH]n- -[CH]n- CH3CH3 CH3

CH2 C H3 CH2

CH2 -[CHCH]n-

CH2C CH3 n

CH3


158/378

DutnghpPolyalphaolfinePAOPolymehacc-olfine:

R-CH=CH2 RCHCH2CHH


159/378

CH3 R x

Tnghp: Dimer-olefin

Catalyst Polymerisation

Distillation

Hydrogenation Filtration

Finished

PAObase

Fluid

H2 Catalyst


160/378

SosnhPAOvdukhongViscosity Viscosity

Superior flow ability Mineral oilEquivalent

ISO VGPAO

MineraloilEquivalentviscosity

ISOVG

PAO viscosity


161/378

Evapo

rationloss,w

t%

6,5h@204

oC

P

ourpo

int,

oC

40Temperature,oC

40

Increasedprotection

Temperature,oC

0

-20

PerformanceLowTo PerformanceHighTo

Mineraloil30

20 Mineraloil

-40

PAO

-60 10PAO

-802 25

KVat100oC,cSt

500 2 5 10

o


162/378

KVat98.9C,cSt

SosnhPAOvdukhong


163/378

MVI-MediumViscosityIndex(NaphthenicBasestock;Aromaticcontent1,9%)

HVI-HighViscosityIndex(ParaffinicBasestock;Aromaticcontent2,69%)

LVI-LowViscosityIndex(NaphthenicBasestock;Aromaticcontent12,3%)

2cSt 4cSt 6cSt 8cSt10cSt 40cSt 200cSt


164/378

ctnhcaviloiduPAO


165/378

Composition PIO4 PIO6 PIO8

(%pds)

94 67 42

Trimres(C45) 6 26 43

Ttramres(C60)et - 7 15

Du tng hp Poly Internal Olfine PI


166/378

Thnh

phn

ha

hc:

+

DutnghpPolyInternalOlfinePIO

Snxut:AGIPPetroli&ENICHEMAugustaOligomehan-olfininterneC15vC16

Hydrognationvdistillation


167/378

Tnhcht:

Unit MX2104 MX2106 MX2108

oVisco40C 2mm/s 19.8 30.2 57

o

Visco100C 2mm/s 4.2 5.66 8.62VI 121 128 125

PtEclairo

C 228 234 260PtEcoulement oC -51 -48 -45


168/378

Noack %pds 13.8 9.4 4.4

Du tng hp Poly internal olfine PIO

DutnghpAlkylaromatiqueAlkylbenzne:

Vd: C12H25 C12H25


169/378

Tythucalkyl,c2loi:thngvnhnh

DutnghpAlkylaromatiqueAlkylnaphtalne:+RCH=CH2 Cata

R

CH

CH3

CH CH3


170/378

R

DutnghpesterSnxutester:


171/378

recyclePurification

Excess

reactant

H2O agents

Organic

acidOrganic

alcohols

Esterification Purification Filtration Finished

fluid


172/378

esterbase

oilOlefins

SnxutesterAlcohols

Crude

A id

Additives


173/378

VegetableoilNatural

fatty

Acids

Ester Formulatedlubrificants

acidsNon-ester

Naturalfatty

basefluids

SourceUNIQEMA


174/378

CcloaiduesterEstertptrochimie:

Diester

( h h l ll )


175/378

Esteraromatique(phthalatevtrimellitate)Ester

polyol

(acid

bo

vi

nhnh

ngn)

Estertolochimie:

Olate,

Starate,

IsostarateEsterpolyol(acidbovinhnhdi)

Esterphc


176/378

DiesterO

C (CH2)n C

O

R'


177/378

R' O O R'

n=4adipates n=7azelates n=8sebacates

n=10dodecanedioates R=C8C13thnghocnhnh


178/378

Tnhcht:

Unit adipate

adipate

dodcanedioate

- oVisco40C 2mm/s 13.4 27.5 13.9

o

Visco100C 2mm/s 3.51 5.4 3.72VI 146 123 167

PtEclair oC 220 249 234

PtEcoulement oC


179/378

VolatilitASTMo+

%pds 10 2 4.5

Diester

C C

EsterAromatiqueTnhcht:

O O O


180/378

OR

C OR

O

Phthalate

OR

COR

C ORO

Trimallitate

R=C8C18thnghocnhnh


181/378

Unit Huileminrale

Phthalate Trimellitate

oVisco40C 2mm/s 6.2 5.6 7.1oVisco100C 2mm/s 42.7 40 46

VI 97 69 116

Ptclair oC 215 242 270

Pt Ecoulement oC 15 42 50


182/378

PtEcoulement oC -15 -42 -50

VolatilitASTMo+6h200C %pds 12.8 8.1 0.9Stabilit

doxydationMdiocre Bien Excellent

Sosnhdukhongvesteraromatique

Esterde

polyols

R'

R'''

C CH2 O

O

COR

R=C14C17thnghocnhnh


183/378

R''

PE:Pentaerythriol;R=R=R=R-CH2OCO-TMP:Trimethylolpropane;R=R=R-CH2OCO-R=Et

NPG:Neopentylglycol;R=R-CH2OCO-,R=R=Me


184/378

Unit TMPC7 TMPC9 PEC6

o

Visco40C 2mm/ 12.8 20.7 18.7oVisco100C 2mm/ 3.3 4.55 4.35VI 130 138 147

PtEclair oC 258

PtEcoulement oC


185/378

o+6h200C %pds 4.8Esterdepolyols

f idpolyvalent

f id

PhcesterSnxutR

O

COH

+OH OOH+

O

+OH OH+ OH

O

CR


186/378

fattyacidpolyvalent

alcoholfatty

acid

O R

OHOH OH

+ OH R

alcoholdicarboxylic

acidpolyvalent

RO C

OO O

Cn

ComplexPolyester


187/378

O

Properties Min.oilHVI

min.oilVHVI

PAO Di-ester Polyol

esterHightemp. + ++ +++ ++++ +++++

Lowtemp. + + ++++ ++++ +++

Visc./temp. + ++ +++ +++++ ++++

Volatility + ++ +++ ++++ +++++Biodegradation + ++ ++ ++++ ++++

(Eco) toxicity + ++ +++ +++ +++


188/378

(sourceUNIQEMA)

(Eco)toxicity + ++ +++ +++ +++

Lubricity ++ ++ + ++++ ++++

Range ++ + + ++++ ++++

Price +++++ ++++ +++ ++ ++/+

Sosnhdukhongvdueste

r


189/378


190/378

Sosnhdukhongvduestera


191/378

Chsnht

Tnhchtnhitthp

(sourceUNIQEMA)


192/378

Sosnhdukhongvduestera


193/378

Khnngphnhysinhhc

bayhi

(sourceUNIQEMA)


194/378

EsterpolymrehayPolyesterLsnphmcaqutrnh

co-oligomeha-olefinvester


195/378

Snxut:co-oligomeha-olefinvesterkhng

no(malatevacrylate): CH3[CH2CH]m[CHCH]nhoc[CH2C]n

R C=OC=O

OROR C=O OR


196/378

Esterpolymre

hay

Polyester

Unit Ketjenlube115

Ketjenlube135

Ketjenlube1300

Viscobase11-570

Viscobase11-570

oVisco40C 2mm/s 137 357 4200 2500 9000oVisco100C 2mm/s 17 35 260 150 450


197/378

VI 135 141 195 160 200

PtEclair oC 259 255 245 210 210

PtEcoulement

oC -28 -32 -20 -21 -18

Volatilit

Noack

%pds 4 3 2 4.7 5.1

Polyalkylnesglycol(PAG)

ROH

O

+HCCH HHROCCOHH R H R

Alcohol Alkyleneoxide PAG x


198/378

Polythylneglycol(PEG)H O [CH2 CH2 O]n H

Polypropylneglycol(PPG)HO[CH2CHO]nH

CH3


199/378

Polyalkylnesglycol(PAG)


200/378

Unit Phosphate

Phosphate

Phosphate

-Phosphate

o

2 7.5 8.2 12.4 31.0o

2 2.2 2.58 3.43 4.31

VI 94 161 163 -30

PtEcoulement oC -54 -34 -7 -26

Esterphosphate


201/378

Cngthc:O=P[OR]3

R OH R O-P=O3 +POCl3 +3HCl

3

Alkylphenol Phosphorus Triaryl Hydrogen

oxychloride phosphateester

ctnh:chloride


202/378

phthuccutrch-c(aryl/alkyl

DugcSilictnghpCutrchahc:silane:R4Si;linktSi-Csilicone(siloxane):R3SiOSiR3; linktSiCvSi-O

silicate:Si[OR]4; linktSi-O


203/378

disiloxane:[RO]3SiOSi[OR]3;linktSiOTnhcht:

VIrtcaoimchyrtthpTnhbnnhitrtttTnhkhngoxyhattkhnngchyyu

khnngbitrnthpngdng:

mymcnh,ngh


204/378

Indice

minraleraffinesolvant 1

minralehydrotraite 1

hydrocraque/hydroisomriseVI120130 2.53.5

hydroisomriseVI140+ 45

polybutne 2.53

poly-olfinePAO 3.58

polyalkylbenzne 22.5

esterdediacide 56


205/378

esterdepolyol 710

PAG 45

Esterphosphorique 4.56

silicone 1015

spciale 350-1000

Sosnhgiccloidugq


206/378

PhnloidugctheoAPI-ATIELteneurensaturs

teneurensoufre

VI Exemple

GpIminrales

0.03% 80 VI 120

basesminrales

GpIIhydrocraques

90% 0.03% 80 VI 120

Shell

Sangyong Sinopec


207/378

hydrocraquesVI


208/378

Phgia

Phgia

cho

du

bi

trn

nhngha:Phgialnhnghpchthuc,ckimhayvc,thmchlccnguynt,cthmvoccchtbitrnnhmn

ng


209/378

ng

caohaymanglichochtbitrnnhngtnh

chtnhmongmun

Ccloi

ph

gia

1) phgiachngng(PPD)2) phgiatngchsnht(AVI,AM,VII)3) phgiatyravphgiaphntn


210/378

4) chtcchmimnvphgiaccp(EP)

5) chtc

ch

oxy

ha

6) chtcchnmnvchtcchg

7) phgiakhnh8) phgiachngtobt


211/378

YucuchungchophgiaDhatantrongduvkhngphnng

viduKhnghocttantrongncKhngnhhngntcdngnhhaca

d


212/378

du

KhngbphnhybincvkimloiKhnggynmnkimloiKhngbbchinhitlmvicKhnglmtngtnhhtmcaduHottnhcthkimtrac

Khnghoctc,rtin,dkim


213/378

Thnh phn du thng phmDungcacp(ex:10W40)

HDBI 54%HDBII,III 20%AVI 9,7%Phgiachngng 0,3%Ph gia gi 16%


214/378

Phgiagi 16%DututhyBSS 90%

Phgiatyra 10%Du

cng

nghipHDB 98,5%

Phgiachngng 0,3%

Phgiagi 1,2%(chyuphgiachngoxyha,chngnmn,chngtobt)


215/378

Thnhphn

ca

du

ng

c


216/378

Du10W40


217/378

Yucuividungc


218/378

Phgia

cho

du

bi

trn

5.1.Phgiachngng


219/378

Additifanti

congelantAbaisseurdepointdcoulement

PourpointdepressantPPD

Tisao

cn

Ph

gia

chng

ng?

Thnhphncadukhong:-Carbonearomatique:510%


220/378

-Carbone

naphtnique:

20

30%-Carboneparaffinique:6070%

ctrngcaparaffine:

Chcnng

ca

PPDPPD

b)Ngncnskt


221/378

) g

tcacctinhtha)Giihnsgia

tngkchthccacctinhth

ngsuttrt=f(nhit)


222/378

MtviPPD


223/378

nhhngcaPPDnkhnnghotngnhitthpcadu

1.imvnc:PPDkhnglmthayiimvnccadu


224/378

2.imchy:PPDlmgim

imchy

PPD(%pds)

Huileminral150NS

Huilehydrocraque

HC4

Huilehydroisomrise

HVI5.20 o-12C o-24C o-18C0.1 o-20C o-27C0.2 o-33C o-30C0.3 o-36C o-30C o-33C0.4 o-39C o-30C0 5 o39 C o30 C o27 C


225/378

0.5 o-39C o-30C o-27Cimchy=f(%PPD)

Phgia

cho

du

bi

trn

5.2.PhgiacithinchsnhtModificateurdIndicedeviscosit


226/378

ViscosityIndex

ImproverAmliorantdIndicedeviscosit

Lccpolyme(ctrnglngphntlnvmchdi)tanctrongductcdng

lmgimsthayinhtcadutheonhitpelotepolyme


227/378

KhnngcithinchsnhtcaAVI


228/378

Chcnng

ca

AVI

Tthp:


229/378

Tcao:

Ccloi

AVI1.Polymreshydrocarbons(apolaires)


230/378

Ccloi

AVI

(tt)

2.Polymresdester(polaires)


231/378

Ccloi

AVI

(tt)3.PolymreOCPPMA:

Polymehamthacrylatetrongdungdichcaco-

polymeolefine(ex:ethylnevpropylne)ChophpcithinhottnhcaOCPnhit

thp


232/378

p

GimgithnhsoviPMAtinhkhit4.Mthacrylatedalkylestyrne

PMAstyrne

5.Mthacrylatedalkyle -olfine

oligomehamtPMAvmt-olefinekhnnglmcnhhnccAVIkhc


233/378

Phgia

cho

du

bi

trn

5.3.Phgiatyra


234/378

Phgia

phn

tnAdditifdtergent

AdditifdispersantLcccutcsdngtrnhshnh

thnhcntrongngcxngvngcdiezen


235/378

Phgiatyravphgiaphntn

Ngungccacntrongngc:GazolevxngLub


236/378

Huqu:nmnvmimnccchititckhigimbnlmcdugimkhnngbitrn

nglpbnentrongcarter


237/378

Phgiatyravphgiaphntn

Vaitr:trnhshnhthnhcn:tcdnganti

oxydant


238/378

tyschvernisvcncacbon:tcdngx

phng

gichobhng,cnlutrongdu:tcdngphn tn

trunghacchpchtaxitsinhra:tnhbaz caphgia


239/378

Phgia

ty

ra

ctrng:lcchpchtckimccctotrodidngoxythaymuisulfatkim

loikhibchy


240/378

Cckimloithngdng:Ca,Mg,K,Ba,

NaTnti3hphgiatyra:

SulfonatePhnatesulfuriseSalicylate


241/378

SulfonateSulfonatedum:thuckhisulfohaphnonduchngct

giuaromatique

hoc

sn

phm

ph

ca

qu

trnhsnxutdutrng

huile + H2SO4huile blanche + a.sulfoniquesautrunghabngmtbaz


242/378

Sulfonatetrungtnh

Sulfonate(tt)

Sulfonatetnghp:+sulfohaalkylbenzne

alkylbenzne+H2SO4a.sulfonique


243/378

SO3+sautrunghabngmtbaz

SulfonateSulfonatekimcao:qukimha(suralcalinisaton)sulfonatetrungtnh:

sulfonatekimloi+hydroxydekimloi+CO2


244/378

xctc:methanol/Cutmongmun:CaCO3

tytheomcqukim,thucccsulfonatectnhkimkhcnhau

LOB/MOB/HOB/HHOBnhgibngchsbazBNLOB:BN=20

HHOB:BN=400


245/378

CutrcmixencakimcaoSulfonatekimcao:


246/378

PhnateSulfuriseTnghp:

Alkylhaphnolbi1olfinecnhnhC12(ttramrecapropylne)Sulfoha(bngSlnghocH2S)viscmt


247/378

caethylneglycol

Trunghabng1bazM(OH)2(M=Ca,Mg)

QukimhabngphnngviCa(OH)2

vCO2viscmtca

alcool

(mthanol,thylhexanol,dcanol)


248/378

PhnateSulfuriseCchhotng:

LinktS-S(cuS)biuhintnhnngkhcnhau

khinhitthayi:nhitrtcao:tcdngchngoxyha


249/378

R-S-S-R+ROOHROH+R-SO-SO-RR-SO2-SO2-R

nhitthphn:tcdngxphngMchpolycarbonatertkim,trunghaccaxitc

mttrongdu


250/378

SalicylateTnghp:

Alkylhaphnolbi1olfinethngC9C16TrunghabngNaOHhocKOHCarboxylhadipsutCO2Traoication:phnngviCaCl2hocMgCl2


251/378

QuakimhabngphnngviCa(OH)2hocMg(OH)2vCO2CaCO3vMgCO3sphntntrongdungdch

salicylate


252/378

SalicylateCchhotng:

LinktO-Ca-Obcttheocccchkhcnhautythucvonhit:Cthomolithique:tcdngchngoxyha

Ct th th t d h


253/378

Ctthngthng:tcdngxphngMchpolycarbonatertkim,trunghacc

axitcmttrongdu


254/378

PhgiatyrahnhpHnhpca:

PhnatesulfurisevsalicylatePhnatesulfurisevsulfonateMihnhpthhintnhchtcacc

h h i l


255/378

hpchtringl

Phgiaphntnctrng:

lccpolymehuccchaOhocNkhngchakimloiphgiakhngtroTn ti di 3 dng:


256/378

Tntidi3dng:alknylsuccinimideestersucciniquebasedeMannich

AlknylsuccinimideTnghp:qua2bc

1.Snxutanhydridepolyisobutrylsuccinique(PIBSA):bngphnnggiapolyisobutnePIBvanhydridemaliqueMA.C2cchsnxut:

bngnhit:


257/378

phnngviClo:PIB+Cl2PIB-Cl+HClPIB-Cl+MAPIBSA+HCl

Lu:

+CcPIBcM=5002300+Vicch2, thnhphmsuccinimidecuicngccha5003000ppmCl


258/378

AlknylsuccinimideTnghp(tt):

2.TrunghaPIBSAbng1polyaminetosuccinimide:

H2N(CH2CH2NH)XNH2


259/378

Cutrcchung


260/378

AlknylsuccinimideCchhotng:


261/378

EstersucciniqueTnghp:qua2bc

tnghpPIBSA phnnggiaPIBSAvipolyolnhtrimthylolpropane(TMP)hocpentarythrithol(PET)


262/378

C(CH2OH)4 OCH2C(CH2OH)3

+H2O


263/378

EstersucciniqueCchhotng:nhsuccinimideunhcim:

kmbnnhitsovisuccinimide khngtncngvtliulastomrefluor khnngphntnkmhnsuccinimidec s dng hn hp vi succinimide


264/378

csdnghnhpvisuccinimide

BasedeMannichTnghp:

phnnggiaalkylphnolvipolythylneamine,cmtcaformaldhyde


265/378

BasedeMannichCchhotng:nhsuccinimideunhcim:

lhpchtccc,khnngphntncao

mc tn cng vt liu lastomre flu


266/378

mctncngvtliulastomrefluorln

sdngtrongnhngtrnghpkhng

dnglastomrefluor


267/378

Phgiachodubitrn5.4.Phgiachngmimn

PhgiaccpPhgiabintnhmast

Anti-usureExtrmepressionModificateur de friction


268/378

Modificateurdefriction

4.PhgiatribologieVaitrcaccphgiatribologie:

gimmimnccchititckhdotipxc:

kodithigianlmviccathitbgim

ma

st:

tit

kim

nng

lng,

nhin

li


269/378

gim ma st: titkim nng lng, nhin liu

bintnhmast:tiuhahotngcathitb(khithayivntctronghp,

phanhdu)

iukinsdng:Antiusure:psutlmvicthp,trungbnh

Extrmepression:

ti

trng

ln,

p

lc

cao

Midificateurdefriction:khngcmimn


270/378

1.MastSmast:


271/378

vophthucvo:bnchtchititrnnhmbmtvtliurntitrng(lcP)

kiutipxc:cbitrnhaykhngTrng

hp

tip

xc

c

bi

trn:


272/378

MastChbitrn:

ngcongStribeck


273/378

contactacier/acier

svre

Matriaux Lubrification Commentaires

Acier/acier Sche 0.21.5

Acier/acier Limite 0.050.2Acier/bronze Limite 0.10.16

Mo/acier Limite 0.8 Usuredelacier

Papier/acier Limite 0.11 Usuredupapier

Rgime

Usure ApportduLubHydrodynamiqu 0.010.05 Nullefaible Viscosit

e 0.050.15 Faible Anti-usure

Limite 0.050.2 lgre EP

Frottementsec 0.21.5 Lgre Pasdelub


274/378

Nutipxccbi trn:hsmastgi

MastHsmastphthucchbitrn:


275/378

CchhotngcaMFXenvogiaccbmttipxc1lpvtliurn:

mnggraphitemngbisulfuredemolybdneMoS2polymePolyttrafluorothylne(Tflon )


276/378

chtbitrnrnCho

HPVL

hoc

HPHH

bng

cc

hp

cht

c

cc:Rumchdi

Amine,amidebo

Esterbo

Acidebo(a.oliquehoca.starique)


277/378

Mast


278/378

2.Mimn Ccdngmimnbmt:

1.Mimnktdnh(usureadhsive):mastKL/KLgia2bmtgghkhimngdutrn

nqumngvtitrngln


279/378

2.Mimnht(usureabrasive):

khi

gia

2bmtkimloic

xuthinhtrncng

Ccdngmimnbmt(tt)3.Mimndonmn(usurecorrosive):donmnoxy

hakhcacchpchtacide(H2SO4,HNO3,acidecarboxylique,snphmqutrnhchy)

4.Mimnmi(usureparfatigue):bmtkimloib


280/378

phhngkhichutcngchchaytcdngnhitclpilplinhiuln

5.Mimndohintngkhxmthc(usurepar

cavitationcngiusurerosive):dosvapkhicctikhtrongdu(hinc,khchy...)bphvv

itclnnngchyccbfissuresthngl(perforation)


281/378

Mimn Phgiasdng:

Usureabrasive,corrosive,parfatigue:antiusure Usureadhsive,parcavitation:EPvchulctc

ng,titrngln Cchhotng:

1 HPVL trn lp oxy st


282/378

1.HPVLtrnlpoxyst2.Phnhyhahc3.HPHHccsnphmphnhy

tolpbovtrnb

mt


283/378

Anti-usure: Hp ch

t ca phospho

Phosphate:

HPVLtrn

b

mt

kim

loiThyphn

HPHHtrnbmtKL


284/378

Phosphateamine:HPHH

trc

tip

trn

b

mt

kim

loi

Mtvihpchtcaphospho

a


285/378

Extrme pression: Hp cht ca l

u hunh

Olfinesoufre:RSxR

Lu:x=3hoc5Estergrassoufre:


286/378

g

EP:HpchtPhospho-Soufre Vikimloi:MeDTP

Me:KLnngZn,Cu,Co,MoDTP:

dithiophosphate


287/378

MeDTPcsdnghiuquchoanti-usurevanti-oxydant


288/378

EP:HpchtAzote-Soufre Vikimloi:MeDTC

Me:KLnngZn,Pb,MoS2DTP:dithiocarbamate


289/378

PhpoMachine4billes


290/378

Phpo4biMachine4billes


291/378

Phpo4biMachine4billes


292/378

Phgiachodubitrn5.5.Phgiachngoxyha

-Chtcchgctdo-ChtphnhyHydroperoxyt

Inhibiteurradicalaire


293/378

DcomposeurdHP

PhgiachngoxyhaCchphnngoxyhadu:cchgcqua3giaion

Khimo:xyrachmvihinnglng RH+O2R +HO2

Lantruyn:xyranhanh,phnngchui R+O2ROO hoc R+O2+RHROOH+RROO+RHROOH+R

HO2+RHH2O2+R

Phnnhnhchui(ROOHinitiateur) ROOHRO+HO


294/378

2ROOHRO+ROO+H2O rad-O+RHrad-OH+R....

Ktthc: R+RR-R(hydrocacbonnnghn)

ROO+RROOR(snphmoxyhakhnghotng) ROO+ROORO+ROH+O2chyu


295/378

ChtcchgctdoCchhotng

Lmchmgiaion lantruynthayphnng:

ROO +RHROOH+Rbngphnng

ROO+InHROOH+In


296/378

2dngchtcchcbnhpchtphenol

hpchtaminethm


297/378

HpchtphenolKhhot2gcperoxytROO tdo:


298/378

R1,R3:gcbc3tert-butyle(CH3)3C-R2:CH3-hocnhnhdi


299/378

Mtvihpchtphenolq


300/378

HpchtaminethmKhhotgctdoR v2gcperoxytRO


301/378

MtvihpchtaminethmPhbindngdiphnyl


302/378

ChtphnhyROOH1.HpchtsulfurR-S-R:2.HpchtPhosphor:

(RO3)P+ROOH (RO3)P=O+ROH


303/378

3.Dithiophosphat:

X:DTPZn


304/378

MtvihpchtphnhyHP

Phbinloisoufrvphospho-soufr:


305/378

Tnhachcnngcaphgia

CcchtphnhyHPloisoufr,phospho-soufr:=Anti-usure,Extrme-pression,MF

Nudngphgiaphnoliquesoufr:thhin2chc

nng:

cchgctdovphnhyHP


306/378

Alkylphnatesulfur,alkylsalicylate:anti-oxydantvadditifdtergent


307/378

PhpoOxytestAminearomatique:


308/378

PhpoOxytestPhnolsoufr:


309/378

PhpoOxytestDTPZn:


310/378

Phgiachodubitrn

5.6.PhgiachngnmnvChtcchg


311/378

Additifanti-corrosion

Additifanti-rouille


312/378

Mtvianti-rouillevanti-corrosionAnti-corrosion:

sulfonateCa,Mg,Ba,Zn:(nhnhngnhnphgiatyrathngthng)

phgiakhngtro: acidevesterbo acidealknylsuccinique amine,amidebo ...

Anti-rouille:


313/378

Phpo khnng chngn mn, chng gAnti-rouille:ASTMD665AvB

pdngchodututhyvduthylc:nhngchmmuthptronghnhpdu/nc

(ncmm:A;ncbin:B)khuyutrong24h60oC

nhgibngmtthngAnti-corrosion:ASTMD130:nmntmng

pdngchodututhy,duthylcvdu


314/378

truynng:nhngchmtmCuschtrongduiukin:3h100oC(thayitheonhsn

xut)nhgiktqubngmtthngvsosnh

vibngthamkho


315/378

ThangonmntmCua


316/378

Phgiachodubitrn

5.7.Ph

gia

kh

nh


317/378

Additifdsmulsifiant

Phgiakhnhnhngha:

Lcchpchtchnglinhngtcdngkhngmongmuncancctrongdu

=Cithintnhbnvinccadu


318/378

PhgiakhnhCchhotng:

Lnhnghpchtlngi(amphiphile):

vacilcivincvcilci

vidu(BalanceHydrophileLipophileou


319/378

HLB) HLBcnhgitheothangt020

:

HLBcaphgiacngcao,cnghydrophile

LachnHLBchophgiakhnh:Trnghpnhcanctrongdu: chnphgiauinckhiduTrnghpnhcadutrongnc:

chnphgiauidukhinc


320/378

Produit HLB

AcideoliqueMonostaratedeglycrolPolypropylneglycolDodcylphnoloxythylAkylarylsulfonateTristaratedesorbitanMonoolatedesorbitanMonoolatedesorbitan+6(CH2-CH2-O)Monoolatedesorbitan

1

47

10,5

11,5

24

10

15

Mt s ph gia kh nh


321/378

MtsphgiakhnhXcnhtheoHLB:

PhpokhnngkhnhASTMD1401:testdedsmulsionlapalette

Trnln2thtchbngnhau(40ml)caduvnc

Khuytrnmnh(1500tr/mn)trong5

Tnhthigiancnthitphntchhontondunc

Nusau30mnhoc


322/378

60mn,nhkhngphntchhonton:ghilithtchnc,duvnhcnli

Phgiachodubitrn

5.8.Ph

gia

chng

to

bt

dd f


323/378

Additifanti-mousse

8.PhgiachngtobtVaitr:

Chnglitcdngphcaphgiatyra

(xphng=bt)Duytrnhtcamngdu:qunhiubt

khlmgimkhnngbitrn


324/378

Trnh

mi

mn

do

hin

tng

kh

xm

thc:

cithinstchkhngkhTrnhsstpsutdukhibmTrnhmtmtdudostrn


325/378

Phgiachngtobt ctrngcaphgia:

hatant trongdu:hpchtccc hatanphntntrongdu:cnhnhdi csccng

b

mtnh

hn

so

vi

du

Cchpchtphbin: polymthysilixane

liulng:105ppm


326/378

R1,R2=CH3hocC3H7 Polyacrylate:

hiuqutchkh tthncsdngnhiuchoduthy lc(100300ppm)


327/378

Phpokhnngchngtobt

Khbt:ASTMD892 Tinhnh3chnhit:24oC93oC24oC

thikhngkhtrong5phtothtchbt(1) Sau10pht,xcnhthtchbtcnstli(2)

Kt qu = (1)/(2)


328/378

Ktqu=(1)/(2) Tchkh:NFT60-149

dngcnthytnh Thikhngkhchodu

20

o

C,50

o

C,75

o

C(ty

nhtcadu)trong7pht

othigiancnthitdulylittrngbanu0,2%khngkhcnlitrongdu


329/378

ChngVI:Mnhn


330/378

ChngVI:Mnhn

1.Thtrng2.nhngha3.Tnhchtlha4.Thnhphn-Cchmnhn5.Snxut


331/378

6.ngdng

1.ThtrngNm2002:snxuttrnthgii 756000tn


332/378

ThtrngPhnchiathtrng:


333/378

ThtrngCcnhsnxutchnh(nm1997):


334/378

2.nhnghaLsnphmctrngthibnlnghoc

trngthirn,hnhthnhdosphntnca

tcnhnlmc(agentglifiant)trongdulng


335/378

3.Tnhcht1.c(consistance)2.bn3.Tnhnnhthkeo(ressuage)4.Tnhchy5.Tnhbm6.Tnhbnnhit


336/378

7. Tnhbnoxyha

8.Tnhbnnmn9.Tnhchtnhitthp10.Tnhbnvinc11.Khnngchutitrng


337/378

3.1.c c(consistance):

nhgibngcng/mmxuynkim(pntrabilit)


338/378

xuynkimnhngha:

Lsummtcicnechunhaxuynquamumtrongiukinchun

Nguyntc:mcnhotrnuuihtbtkhngkh

Gtbng

v

t

mi

nhncacnestbmtmum

thtdocnetrongvng5giy


339/378

o

su

m

cne

xuynqualpm

Ktqu:xcnhbngdmm


340/378

3.2.Tnhbn Tnhbn:

nhgimcgimchtlngdo: tcdngc(snhotrn,strtct) tcdngnhit(sbayhi,oxyha) tcdnghahc(snhimbn,skhngtng

hp)

Phpo4bi:


341/378

3.3.TnhnnhthkeoTnhnnhthkeo(ressuage):

CnthitbomqutrnhbitrnPhpo:

RessuagestatiqueRessuagedynamique


342/378

Ressuagestatique

nhngha:

Lhintngphntchringphndurakhitcnhnlmcnhgitnhtrngtncha

Nguyntc:cylindre

cha

m,

chu

p

sut

nh,

t

trn

tmlikimloi

xcnhlngdutchrasaumtthigiannhtnhmtnhitxcnh

ASTM D1742


343/378

ASTMD1742:li75m;mm=150g

Pair=0.25psi;25oCv24h

Ktqu:%dutchra


344/378

3.4.Tnhchy4.Tnhchy:

lhnhiupha,bnrnchtlngphiNewton

nht


345/378

ngsut trt


346/378

3.5.TnhbmTnhbm(pompabilit)

cbitquantrngivicchthnglintc

thngs

dng

cc

loi

c

c

000

/00

/0

Phpo: pompabilitGROENEVELD ASTMD1092:

tdu=20oCng tuyau:

L=10m;trong=4mm;polypropylne


347/378

polypropylne

Ktqu:othigiannngpsutt1ln50barvginnt50xung15bar


348/378

3.6.Tnhbnnhit Tnhbnnhit:

imnhgit(pointdegoutte):lnhittimthayitrngthitbnrnsangdnglng

tmax lmvic


349/378

XcnhimnhgitNguyntc:

ccngmumcunnngtcnngnhit:47oC/mnchon17oCSau:11,5oC/mn


350/378

Ktqu:

Lnhittigitmutinchyrakhimingcc


351/378

Tnhbnnhit5.q


352/378

3.7.TnhbnoxyhaTnhbnoxyha:

khiboxyha,mbbincht:trnnen,mm

vgynmnPhpo:Oxyhatnh(Oxydationstatique)

Nguyntc:4gmutrongathy

tinhtvobomkimloi

dipsutO2tinh


353/378

khit(110psi 7,5bar)

100oCv100hKtqu:xcnhst

psutsau100h


354/378

3.8.TnhbnvisnmnTnhbnnmn:bnchthahccam:cbitlSPhpo:

nmntmngnmnthp

Nguyntc:tmCuhoc thpc

nhngvotrongmudunhitxcnhtrongthigiannhtnh

launhvsomutheo


355/378

thangchun

Ktqu:somunmn


356/378

Mtstnhchtkhc9.Tnhchtnhitthp:

mtrnncng:gimkhnngbitrnnhgitrongtrnghp:

khingmy thitb lmvicnhitthp

10.Tnhbnvinc:nhtlccthitblmvictrongmitrng

nchocmcaoXcnhbngphngphpchngct


357/378

11.Khnngchutitrng:lnhndunhncthdngphgiabitrnrnCcphpockh


358/378

4.Thnhphnmnhn Gm3cutchnh:


359/378

4.1.Dugc Dukhong: Paraffinique

Naphtnique Dutnghp: Polyalphaolfine(PAO)

Ester,polyalkylneglycol(PAG)Dialkylbenzne,Silicone Duthcvt: thudu,ci


360/378

Sosnhctnhcadugc:1=rttt;5=kMinrale XHVI PAO PAG Vgt.

Viscosit/Temp(VI)Prop.bassaT(Ptdcoul)StabilitloxydationStabilitthermique

Volatilit

StabilitlhydrolyseRsistance

lacorrosion

Compatibilitlastomre

Compatibilitlaques/peintMiscibilitavechuilemin.

4

5

44

4

1

13

1

1

1(2)

4

34

3

1

12

1

1

2

1

24

2

1

13

1

1

2

3

33

3

3

33

4

4

2

3

54

3

5

14

4

1

Mtsdugcchnh


361/378

4.2.Tcnhnlmc 4loi:

Xphngn: Li,Ca,Na,AlXphngkp: Li,CaGelvc: Bentone,Silice,GraphiteGelhuc: Polyure


362/378

4.3.Phgia


363/378

4.4.CchmnhnNguyntcsnxuttcnhnlmcgcx

phng::

C17H34OH-COO-CH2

C17H34OH-COO-CH +3LiOHC17H34OH-COO-CH2

3C17H34OH-COO-Li+

CH2CHCH2


364/378

OH OH OH

4.4.1.MLinChim55%snxutthgii


365/378

4.4.2.MLiphcChim14%snxutthgii


366/378

4.4.3.MCanxiChim13%snxutthgiilmcngnghiputin


367/378

4.4.4.MNhmAlChim5%snxutthgiiLmthcphm

Aln:nhitlmvic


368/378

4.4.5.MNatriChim2%snxutthgiiLmkinht

nhitlmvic:n120oCkhnngbmdnhrtcaotnhbngrttt


369/378

4.4.6.MhnhpLi/CaChim2%snxutthgiiLmacngdng,kinht

KthpccuimcamLivmCa


370/378

4.4.7.MBentoneChim3%snxutthgiiLm lmvicnhitrtcao

nhitlmviccthn160 180oCdsnxut


371/378

4.4.8.MPolyurChim5%snxutthgiiLm lmvicnhitrtcao,thi

giansng

rt

di

nhitlmvicc thn160 180oC bncnhitcao khnngchngmimnvchngoxyhatt khnngbmtt khngtocnkhibchy


372/378

5.SnxutSBacth:

Xphnghalmlnhphatrndugc

+phgia

ngnhtha(uik/kh)

lcbao

gi


373/378

bao gi

SnxutProfilnhitqutrnhsnxut:MLi


374/378

6.ngdngChim5%chtbitrn

Nhiuuim: bmdnh knbov tbayhi chutitrngcao t

gy

nhim

mi

trng

Khuytim:tnnhitkm

kh lc


375/378

khlc

Gi !!!


376/378

TramnhnCchthngtramnhnchnh:


377/378

HhimymcdomqummhocqucngnhtqubthiuphgiaEP,

chngnmn...khngtnghp

vivtliuMtvivd:


378/378

Documents

DAU NHON - MO- PHU GIA