David

1 Samuel, 2 Samuel, 1 Kings

David (c. 1040–970 BC)

• a righteous king

• an acclaimed warrior

• a musician

• a poet

David the Warrior

• Renowned for his valour（英勇，勇敢）• David and Goliath

• David killed many Philistines （非利士人） , Amalekites （亚玛力人） , defeated Moabites （摩押人） and Arameans （亚兰人）

David the Musician

• skilfull in playing the harp （竖琴）• sent to the court of Saul to play the harp fo

r Saul when Saul was tormented by the evil spirit (1Sm16:14-23)

• relieving Saul from torment by his music

David the Poet (Psalmist)

• composing songs of - lamentation (over Saul and Jonathan) (2

Sm1:17-27) - praise (to Yahweh - God) (2Sm22:1-51) - the last words (2Sm23:1-7)• traditionally credited for composing many

of the psalms contained in the Book of Psalms.

David the King(c. 1010–970 BC)• chosen by God to be the king of Israel• anointed as king by Samuel (1 Sm16:1-13) - Hebrew "messiah" (Greek "christos") means "the an

ointed one"• second king of Israel (between Saul and Solom

on) - his reign over Judah c. 1010–1003 BC - his reign over the United Kingdom of Israel c. 1

003–970 BC • a righteous king who has firm belief in God yet

has his faults (Bathsheba and Uriah)• ancestor of Jesus

Patriarchy （父权制） & Power

• Supreme power of God, the Father 神权 - Sovereign's power 君权（包括贵族阶

层） - Father's power 父权 - Husband's power 夫权• Power & Privilege （特权） - Privilege of a king, father, and husband

Sin and Punishment

• Sin in The Old Testament - disobedience of God's commandments - "the elect" （选民） vs. the nonelect - belief vs. disbelief in God - i.e. Esau （以扫）因娶迦南女子不被祝福； Ju

dah （犹大）与迦南女子所生的儿子没有后代； Jacob （雅各）女儿底拿受辱士剑全城男子被杀（底拿的兄弟西缅和利未所为）； Samson （参孙）之妻的惨死

• Sin of adultery: sinner to be put to death (Lev 20:10)

David's Privilege

• God spared David his life:

- "You are not going to die." “ 你必不至于死。”(2 Sm 12:13)

• But his son will die for his sin:

- "But because by doing this you have made the enemies of the LORD show utter contempt, the son born to you will die." “ 只是你行这事，叫耶和华的仇敌大得亵渎的机会，故此你所得的孩子，必定要死。” (2 Sm 12:14)

Selections

• Selection 13 David Stones Goliath to Death 大卫击杀歌利亚 (1 Sm 17:1-54)

• Selection 14 David and Bathsheba 大卫和拔示巴 (2 Sm 11,

12:1-25)• Selection 15 Amnon and Tamar暗嫩和他玛 (2 Sm 13:1-21)

David vs. GoliathDavid Goliath

size a ruddy and handsome boy

height: six cubits and a span ≈ 2.87 m

arms a staff in hand5 smooth stones a sling

helmet of brass on headweight of coat of mail: 5000 shekels of brassgreaves of brass on legsa target of brass between shouldersstaff of his spear: like a weaver's beamspear's head weighed 600 shekels of ironone bearing a shield before him

experience a boy shepherd who has killed lions and bears

a warrior from his youth

Character of David

• Bravery

• Faithfulness to God (Yahweh)

David and Bathsheba

2 Sm11, 12:1-25

Review Questions (1)

1. Where was David when all men of Isreal went to war with Ammon?

2. How did he find the beautiful Bathsheba?

3. What did he do after he saw Bathsheba?

4. Why did he send her husband Uriah back to Jerusalem? Had he achieved his purpose?

Review Questions (2)

5. How many days did Uriah stay at Jerusalem? Where did he stay?

6. What was in the letter which David had Uriah take to Joab?

7. How did Uriah die in the battle?

8. What did David and Bathsheba do after Uriah's death?

9. What did God think of the matter?

David's Sins

1.Seeking pleasure of sex with the wife of a soldier who was fighting on the battlefield for him; neglect of his duty as a king

2.Committing adultery

3.Committing murder through the Ammonite's sword

4.Coveting another's wife

God's punishment for David's sin (2 Sm12:10-14):

• "You are not going to die."• "the son born to you will die."• "the sword shall never depart from your

house"• "Out of your own household I am going to

bring calamity upon you. Before your very eyes I will take your wives and give them to one who is close to you, and he will lie with your wives in broad daylight."

Various Interpretations of the Story

• 乌利亚始终对大卫与妻子的奸情不知情• 乌利亚知情• 有犹太教拉比为大卫开脱，认为它无罪• 一些信徒为大卫开脱，指责拔示巴

Amnon and Tamar

(2 Sm 13:1-21)

Could Amnon marry Tamar?

• The story seems to say yes because Tamar said: "Please speak to the king; he will not keep me from being married to you." (2 Sm13:13)

• But marriage between brother and sister was forbidden by Jewish laws stated in the book of Leviticus and Deuteronomy (Lev 18:9; 20:7; Deu 27:22)

Amnon's Sin

• not incest

• but the sin of raping, a severe sin for the object of his raping was his sister

Plot Development

• not one rising action and falling action

• but rising to a climax and then another conflict rising to another climax and then falling

- conflict between forcing and refusal of force

- conflict between driving her out of the house and her attempt to stay

Relation Between the Story of Amnon and Tamar and that of David and Bathsheba

• In both, the sin of sex leads to murder.

• Amnon's raping of Tamar is retribution for David's sin of possessing Bathsheba by power 暗嫩对他玛的玷辱是对大卫强占拔示巴的因果报应。

Narrative Frame 叙事框架• A Story within a story

- The story of Amnon and Tamar is framed within the larger story of Absalom.

- The story of Amnon and Absalom is framed within the larger story of David.

Preview

• 阅读《以斯帖记》（ The Book of Esther)

• 思考：1. 国王亚哈随鲁王 Ahasuerus 是什么样的君

主？2. 故事中的反讽结构及其作用 3. 普珥节（ Purim ）在犹太历史上的重要意

义