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Principles of Indigenous Learning and Its Application to Understanding Health Impacts of Uranium Exposure. David Begay , Ph.D. National Indian Health Board 2012 Tribal Public Health Summit May 30, 2012. This work funded by CDC U01 TS000135; 3P20MD004811 - 02S1. Presentation Agenda. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Principles of Indigenous Learning and Its Application to Understanding Health Impacts
of Uranium Exposure
David Begay, Ph.D.David Begay, Ph.D.
National Indian Health Board National Indian Health Board
2012 Tribal Public Health Summit2012 Tribal Public Health Summit
May 30, 2012May 30, 2012This work funded by CDC U01 TS000135; 3P20MD004811 - 02S1
Presentation AgendaPresentation Agenda Overview of the concepts of Indigenous Overview of the concepts of Indigenous
world views and learningworld views and learning Juxtaposition of Euro-American and Juxtaposition of Euro-American and
Dine’ PerspectivesDine’ Perspectives Comparison of Western & Navajo Comparison of Western & Navajo
Research ProtocolResearch Protocol Overview of the Navajo Birth Cohort Overview of the Navajo Birth Cohort
Study (NBCS) LogoStudy (NBCS) Logo Considerations for NBCS training Considerations for NBCS training
WorldviewsWorldviewsPeek through the lens of the Peek through the lens of the
Navajo mindNavajo mind Commonalities and Commonalities and
differences between differences between Euro-American and Euro-American and NavajoNavajo
Interrelationships of Interrelationships of all thingsall things
All the parts enfold All the parts enfold the wholethe whole
Navajo Worldview Navajo Worldview and Perspectivesand Perspectives
Worldview provides Worldview provides perspectiveperspective
Order created by Order created by natural cosmic processnatural cosmic process
Process creates Process creates organization, organization, structure, and structure, and epistemologyepistemology
Natural order creates Natural order creates natural law of natural law of interrelationship and interrelationship and interdependenceinterdependence
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
Separation of man Separation of man and natureand nature
View of the universe View of the universe as mechanical to be as mechanical to be manipulated and manipulated and controlled by mancontrolled by man
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
Inseparable organic Inseparable organic interconnection interconnection between man and between man and nature forms nature forms harmonious wholeharmonious whole
View of universe as View of universe as living system of living system of interrelationships interrelationships with man as an with man as an integral part of the integral part of the wholewhole
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
Rational, empirical Rational, empirical faculties overrule faculties overrule intuitive facultiesintuitive faculties
Intuitive and Intuitive and subconscious faculties subconscious faculties are not valued in are not valued in reductionist reductionist methodologymethodology
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
Intuitive, spiritual Intuitive, spiritual faculties importantfaculties important
Intuitive Intuitive consciousness of the consciousness of the unity and unity and interrelationships of interrelationships of all phenomenaall phenomena
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
Library as repository Library as repository of knowledge of knowledge
Value of objectivity Value of objectivity research – subjectivity research – subjectivity is devaluedis devalued
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
Nature and elders are Nature and elders are repository of repository of knowledge (stories knowledge (stories and songs)and songs)
Value of participatory Value of participatory research – subjectivity research – subjectivity and objectivity are and objectivity are both valuedboth valued
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
• Emphasis on Emphasis on individualityindividuality
• Primarily quantitativePrimarily quantitative
• Validation through Validation through pre-agreed upon set pre-agreed upon set of criteriaof criteria
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
Emphasis on value of Emphasis on value of collaborationcollaboration
Primarily qualitativePrimarily qualitative
Self-validation comes Self-validation comes from individual from individual intuitive, community intuitive, community recognition and recognition and approval, application approval, application to relevant way of lifeto relevant way of life
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
• Scientific methods Scientific methods include hypothesis, include hypothesis, experimentation and experimentation and replicationreplication
• Reductionistic, Reductionistic, breaking down to breaking down to smallest denominatorsmallest denominator
• Separation of matter Separation of matter and spiritand spirit
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
• The use of The use of hypotheses, hypotheses, experimentation and experimentation and replication is of lesser replication is of lesser valuevalue
• Consciously aware of Consciously aware of parts as they relate to parts as they relate to the whole dynamic the whole dynamic systemsystem
• Unity of matter and Unity of matter and spiritspirit
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
• Separation of body Separation of body and mindand mind
• Separation of Separation of inanimate and animateinanimate and animate
• Spirituality not often a Spirituality not often a way of lifeway of life
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
• Unity of body and Unity of body and mindmind
• Everything in the Everything in the universe is animateuniverse is animate
• Spirituality is integral Spirituality is integral part of lifepart of life
JuxtapositionJuxtaposition
Euro-AmericanEuro-American
• Religion is separate Religion is separate from state and from state and professionprofession
• God is patriarchal God is patriarchal noun-god who lives in noun-god who lives in heaven, separate from heaven, separate from man on earth. God is man on earth. God is transcendenttranscendent
Dine’/ IndigenousDine’/ Indigenous
• Spirituality is integral Spirituality is integral way of life, all-way of life, all-encompassingencompassing
• Spirituality is intrinsic Spirituality is intrinsic to entire universe to entire universe processes, man is processes, man is inherently interrelated inherently interrelated to the immanent.to the immanent.
MattersMatters to Considerto Consider
Importance and Importance and awareness of awareness of indigenous indigenous perspectivesperspectives
Constructive Constructive dialogues should dialogues should include indigenous include indigenous perspectivesperspectives
WesternWestern and Navajoand Navajo Research Protocols Research Protocols
(W)(W) Language of mathematics – measurement basedLanguage of mathematics – measurement based (N)(N) Language of Spirit – interrelationship basedLanguage of Spirit – interrelationship based
(W)(W) Interplay between theory and observation or experimentInterplay between theory and observation or experiment (N) (N) Validated through centuries of observation and empirical Validated through centuries of observation and empirical
knowledgeknowledge
(W) (W) Prediction and repeatability using the scientific method and Prediction and repeatability using the scientific method and processprocess
(N) (N) Cyclical way of knowing and living in accordance with nature’s Cyclical way of knowing and living in accordance with nature’s teachingsteachings
(W) (W) Humans can be viewed as being superior to nature – Humans can be viewed as being superior to nature – technology can create distance between people and nature technology can create distance between people and nature
(N) (N) Humans are integral participants in an animate universe – non Humans are integral participants in an animate universe – non hierarchicalhierarchical
WesternWestern and Navajo and Navajo Research ProtocolsResearch Protocols
(W)(W) Knowledge is gathered and transmitted by anyone with Knowledge is gathered and transmitted by anyone with technical training, often through written journalstechnical training, often through written journals
(N)(N) Knowledge is collectively honored and only imparted to Knowledge is collectively honored and only imparted to those who are deemed qualifiedthose who are deemed qualified
(W) (W) Scientific community vouches for results of experiment, Scientific community vouches for results of experiment, not not the character of an individualthe character of an individual
(N) Navajo community often provides validation connected (N) Navajo community often provides validation connected to to the character of the knowledge holdersthe character of the knowledge holders
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Iiná Nizhóní Iiná Nizhóní A Beautiful Life for Mother and BabyA Beautiful Life for Mother and Baby
Development of the Navajo Birth Cohort Study LogoDevelopment of the Navajo Birth Cohort Study Logo
Logo Created by: Sandy RamoneLogo Created by: Sandy Ramone
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My Initial My Initial ThoughtsThoughts
Child birth is one of the most sacred events for a Diné family
Reminds us of White Shell Woman, the Diné emergence story
White blanket with stripes is an old design, reflective of age-old teachings that continue today
Baby represents all Navajo newborns and their quest for a beautiful life
17
EASTWhite Shell Mountain (Mt. Blanca)
or Sisnaajiní
SOUTHTurquoise Mountain
(Mt. Taylor), or Tsoodził
WESTAbalone Shell Mountain
(San Francisco Peaks), or Dook’o’oosłííd
NORTHObsidian Mountain
(Mt. Hesperus) or Dibé Nitsaa
Study will be Navajo Study will be Navajo Nation-wide: Within the Nation-wide: Within the Four Sacred MountainsFour Sacred Mountains
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EducationEducation
Social Life, CeremoniesSocial Life, Ceremonies
ScienceScience
Awareness of Role of Environment in HealthAwareness of Role of Environment in Health
The Four DirectionsThe Four Directionsgive meaning to the Studygive meaning to the Study
Why corn stalks Why corn stalks appear in the NBCS appear in the NBCS
logologo Corn pollen represents Corn pollen represents
life – the growing of the life – the growing of the childchild
Corn pollen used as an Corn pollen used as an offering in prayersoffering in prayers
White corn represents White corn represents malemale
Yellow corn represents Yellow corn represents femalefemale
Provides for our food Provides for our food basebase
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Why “Iiná Nizhóní”?Why “Iiná Nizhóní”?
Diné life is holistic – Diné life is holistic – strives for beauty, strives for beauty, peace, joy and harmonypeace, joy and harmony
Ultimate desire of all Ultimate desire of all Nihokáá Dine’é Nihokáá Dine’é (“Worldly People”) is to (“Worldly People”) is to achieve a Iiná Nizhóní achieve a Iiná Nizhóní (a “life beautiful”) (a “life beautiful”) before and after the before and after the birth of a childbirth of a child
20
Photo courtesy of America West Center, University of Utah
The Navajo Birth The Navajo Birth Cohort Study Cohort Study
This study will look at effects of This study will look at effects of community uranium exposures on community uranium exposures on birth outcomes and child birth outcomes and child development. We, the research development. We, the research team, have a sacred duty to team, have a sacred duty to conduct the study with knowledge conduct the study with knowledge and respect for traditional and respect for traditional Diné Diné teachings and practices around teachings and practices around child birth.child birth.
Our logo is a constant reminder of Our logo is a constant reminder of that responsibility to the research that responsibility to the research team and to our communities.team and to our communities.
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Photo courtesy of nativeamericanlinks.com
Navajo Birth Cohort StudyHelping Your Baby and Future Generations To Grow in Beauty
Call 1-877-545-6775for more information and how you can participate
Principal Investigator – Johnnye Lewis Ph.D., D.A.B.T. Artwork by Sandy Ramone
Funding from CDC/ATSDR: U01 TS000135
All work will be approved and monitored by• University of New Mexico Human Research Review Committee – HRPO# 11-310
• Navajo Nation Human Research Review Board – pending
A collaboration of ―
• DiNEH Project (University of New Mexico Community Environmental Health Program, Southwest Research and Information Center);
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry;
• Navajo Area Indian Health Service; and • Navajo Nation Division of Health
Coming Summer 2012!
A research study responding to community concerns about uranium effects on Navajo babies
Interface with Existing Interface with Existing Clinical CareClinical Care
Work within existing clinical systemsWork within existing clinical systems Standard or routine clinical careStandard or routine clinical care Additional specimens to be collectedAdditional specimens to be collected
Urine and blood at prenatal visit for mom (enrollment, Urine and blood at prenatal visit for mom (enrollment, 33rdrd trimester, delivery) trimester, delivery)
Urine and blood from dads at time of consentUrine and blood from dads at time of consent Meconium at birthMeconium at birth Baby blood from finger sticksBaby blood from finger sticks Baby urine at homeBaby urine at home
ConsiderationsConsiderations for Trainingfor Training
Effective communication of Effective communication of sensitive topics in Navajo & sensitive topics in Navajo & EnglishEnglish Pregnancy, birth, developmentPregnancy, birth, development Birth defectsBirth defects Developmental concernsDevelopmental concerns
Thank You !Thank You !
Contact us if you have Contact us if you have questions:questions:
Call 1-877-545-6775Call 1-877-545-6775