'BOOKS WITH MANUSCRIPT': THE CASE OF

THOMAS CRANMER'S LIBRARY

DAVID G. SELWYN

THE library of Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556), though now widely dispersed, is asignificant component of one of the main foundation collections of the present BritishLibrary - the Old Royal Library. Despite some losses through War damage and theduplicate sales of 1769 to 1819 there are still some 334 printed books and fifty-onemanuscripts remaining there with evidence of Cranmer provenance, and these representconsiderably over half the books so far traced from his personal library confiscated by theMarian authorities in 1553. Cranmer's earliest biographers, Ralph Morice and theunknown author of'The lyfe and death of Thomas Cranmer' (BL, Harleian MS. 417)witness to his long hours of study while a don at Cambridge ('seldom...without pen inhand')" and his habit of annotating books in his library; and this practice he apparentlycontinued even as archbishop when he was frequently called upon by the king to deliverhis opinion on some 'weighty matter in controversy' with no more than a night to collecthis thoughts and the 'authorities' to support them.^ How far is this claim about Cranmeras an annotator actually supported from the evidence of his books that survive in thepresent British Library?

Edward Burbidge, the first to attempt a detailed reconstruction of Cranmer'scollection (in 1885), alluded to evidence of this annotating activity, and in the revised listof Cranmer's books published by Quaritch in 1892 recorded twenty printed books andthree manuscripts with notes or underlinings in his hand. All but six of the former werelocated in the British Museum Library as it then was.** The recent study by R. C. Alston,presumably based mainly on the information available in the British Library's owncurrent catalogue, lists rather fewer printed books with MS. notes by Cranmer thanBurbidge, and manuscripts fall outside the scope of his survey.^ Only ten books areincluded in this category by Alston,^ though a much larger number (not identified byAlston as books owned by Cranmer) are listed as having 'MS. notes'. Some of these alsocontain annotations in Cranmer's hand. Both Burbidge and Alston thereforeunderestimate the number of Cranmer books with annotations in the British Library. Infact, sixty-four volumes (including three manuscripts) contain some annotation in hishand, and a further twenty-five may also contain his underlinings or marginalia, or thoseof his assistants. My purpose here is to supplement the information currently availableon the number of Cranmer's annotated books still extant in the British Library and to

47

draw attention to the potential significance of these annotated copies for Cranmerscholarship.

The great majority of Cranmer's annotated books in the British Library fall, as mightbe expected, within the subject categories of theology and church history, and this is trueof what survives of his library as a whole.^ There are no annotated books in the BritishLibrary on the Protestant side of the Reformation debates (the few survivals from hislibrary have all come down outside the Old Royal Library) and very few of his texts onliturgy remain.^ However, Cranmer's interest in the Church Fathers is well in evidence.No fewer than thirty-three annotated volumes are included in the list that follows andanother eighteen are to be found in collections outside the British Library,^ ForCranmer, the Greek and Latin Fathers were central to the debate with his opponents onthe other side of the Reformation divide. He used them not as authorities in their ownright, but as corroborative evidence that his own understanding of Scripture was securelyfounded on that of its earliest exegetes. These annotated copies provide further evidenceof Cranmer's patristic reading to supplement what is to be found in his variouscommonplace collections of biblical, patristic and legal authorities^** and the extensivecatena in his published writings, particularly in the debate with Stephen Gardiner in theearly 1550s. ^

In addition to the ten books listed by Alston with Cranmer's annotations there are afurther twenty-three annotated books (for which Alston gives no provenance) that can(with the very few exceptions noted) be ascribed with certainty to Cranmer's library.These are given in list B. Although of Cranmer provenance, none contains annotationsin his hand. Some are older textbooks, probably dating from his Cambridge days, withannotations in a variety of early hands pre-dating his ownership. Three of these had oncebelonged to John Toker, one of the first canons of Wolsey's foundation. CardinalCollege, Oxford, who was Cranmer's physician at Canterbury in 1537.'^

A. BOOKS W I T H C R A N M E R ' S M A N U S C R I P T NOTES INT H E B R I T I S H LIBRARY

The list which follows does not claim to be exhaustive. In many instances, particularlyin the case of Cranmer's early books, there is considerable doubt as to the authorship ofthe annotations, and this is indicated where appropriate. Many of these early books wereacquired from earlier owners with their annotations and those of other readers.

KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS

TC Books with Cranmer's MS. notes, underhnings or marginalia.PTC MS. annotations which may be Cranmer's or by one of his staff.Pre-C MS. annotations almost certainly by one or more earher owner or reader.An MS. annotations of uncertain authorship, probably later and not connected

with TC, in some cases in more than one hand.

* Following one of the above initials, indicates that the extent of theannotation, marginalia or underlining is slight, in some cases confined to asingle example.

CLC D. G. Selwyn, The Library of Archbishop Thomas Cranmer (Oxford, 1996),followed by the catalogue entry number, where fuller information is given.

Alston Books with Manuscript: A Short-title Catalogue of Books with ManuscriptNotes in The British Library (London, 1994), followed by page numberwhere the book is listed.

Burbidge E. C. Burbidge, * Remains of the Library of Thomas Cranmer, Archbishopof Canterbury, 1489-1556' in Bernard Quaritch, Contributions towards aDictionary of English Book-Collectors, pt. i (London, 1892). References beloware to the reprint in The Work of Thomas Cranmer, introduced by J. L.Packer, edited by G. E. Duffield (Appleford, 1964), pp. 344-65.

ORC Manuscript catalogue of the printed books in the Old Royal Library {circa1761). BL, C.i2o.h.6*.

ORL Old Royal Librarys- Saeculo, followed by the century [s. XIV], indicating the approximate date

of a manuscript.All shelfmarks given are those for Cranmer's copy in the BL, beheved to be current atthe time of going to press.

PRINTED BOOKS

THEOLOGY

1 Albert, Saint, surnamed the Great. Super quatuor libros Sententiarum. 3 vols. Basle,1506. C8i.f.6. CLC 3. PTC or Pre-C (vol. iii).2 Ambrose, Saint, Bishop of Milan. Opera. 3 vols. Basle, 1516. i355.k.9. CLC 9. TC(all 3 vols.).3 Arnobius, the Elder. Disputationum aduersusgentes libri octo. Rome, 1542. C.8i.e.5(i).CLC 16 (Alston, p. 18, records another copy of the same ed. (692.^15) with 'MS. notes',but no mention of a TC annotated copy; Burbidge, 'Notes in Cranmer's handwriting',p. 347). TC.4 Athanasius, Saint, Bishop of Alexandria. Opera (Latin). Strasbourg, 1522. 1562/200CLC 19. TC.5 Augustine, Saint, Bishop of Hippo. Omnium opertim primus (-decimus) tomus. 5 vols.Paris, 1531-2- C.79.i.i. CLC 20 (Alston, p. 21; Burbidge, 'Marginal notes in Cranmer'shandwriting', p. 348). TC (all 5 vols.), PTC & An. Illustrated in CLC, pp. 323f, PlatesVIII and IX.6 Basil, Saint, Bishop of Caesarea. [Two or more works (Greek)]. En amice lectorthesaurum damus D. Basilium sua lingua loquentem. Basle, 1532. 1355.k.io CLC 2X TC6 An.7 Omnia Opera (Latin). Basle, 1540. 367O.h.6. CLC 26. TC & An.

49

8 Bercheur, Pierre. Prima {-tertia) pars dictionarij. 3 vols. Lyons, 1516-17. C.79.d.2.CLC 27. PTC* (vol. iii).9 Bible [Latin], Biblie cum postilla Hugonis [of St Cher]. 6 vols. [Basle, 1504]. C.78.h.5.CLC iZ^ TC and ?Pre-C (vols. iv-vi).10 Bible [Hebrew]: Joshua to II Chronicles, with interleaved Latin tr. in MS.[Soncino, 1488]. C.50.C.4*. CLC 36 (Alston, 'MS. notes', but no mention of this beinga TC copy, p. 48; Burbidge denies that the text of the MS. is in Cranmer's hand, p. 352).PTC*.n Bible. New Testament [Latin]. Tomus primus (secundus) Paraphraseon D. Erasmi.2 vols. Basle, 1524, 1526, 1532. 39i3fi5- CLC 44. TC.12 Bruno, the Carthusian. Opera (^ Vita. [Paris], 1524. 3623.e.2O. CLC 57. PTC*.13 Castro, Alphonsus a. Aduersus omnes haereses. Cologne, 1539. C.82.h.io. CLC 62(Burbidge, ^Notes in Cranmer's handwriting', p. 355). TC.14 Charlier de Gerson, Jean. Prima {-quarta) pars operum. 2 vols. Paris, 1521.472.f 3, 4- CLC 66. PTC* (both vols.).15 Clichtoveus, Jodocus. De puritate conceptionis heatae Mariae virginis ^c, Paris,1513. ioio.b.6. CLC 69 (Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 118). PTC and An.16 Cyprian. Opera. Basle, 1525. 3623.e.16. CLC 76. TC.17 Duns, Joannes, Scotus. Primus {-quartus) liber super sententias [of Peter Lombard].2 vols. Paris, 1513. C.8i.d.ii. CLC 87. TC and An in vol. ii.18 Durandus, of Saint-Pour gain. In quattuor sententiarum libros [of Peter Lombard].Paris, 1508. C.8i.f.4. CLC 91. PTC and .?Pre-C.19 Durandus, William, Bishop of Mende. [Rationale diuinorum officiorum]. Lyons,1506. C.-jj.d.i-]. CLC 93 (Burbidge, 'numerous notes by Cranmer', p. 357). TC andPre-C. Illustrated in fig. i.20 Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis. [Opera. Greek]. Basle, 1544. C.8o.f6. CLC 95(Burbidge, 'notes in Cranmer's handwriting', p. 348). TC.21 . Contra octoginta haereses opus &c. Basle, 1545. C.79.g.5. CLC 98. TC.22 Erasmus. De libero arbitrio. Antwerp, 1524. 697.b.3(1). CLC 108. TC*.23 . Enchiridion militis Christiani. Strasbourg, 1524. 697.b.6(1). CLC 115. PTC.24 Faustus, Bishop ofRiez. De gratia Dei. Basle, 1528. ioi6.c.i6(2). CLC 127. TC andAn.25 Gregory I, Pope. Opera. Paris, 1518. 476.g.3. CLC 135. TC and An. Illustrated infig- 2..26 . Omnia opera. Paris, 1533. L.i9.d.7. CLC 136. TC and An.27 Gregory, of Nazianzus. [Opuscula quaedam]. Strasbourg, 1508. 862.i.i. CLC 138.TC and PTC.28 Gulielmus, Aitissiodorensis (William of Auxerre). Summa aurea in quattuor librossententiarum [of Peter Lombard]. Paris, 1500. IB.40362. CLC 142. PTC.29 Hilary, of Poitiers. [Opera]. Basle, 1523. C.8o.d.4. CLC 151. PTC* and An.30 Jerome. Omnia opera. 5 vols. Paris, 1533, 1534. 476.g.io-i3. CLC 159. TC (in all5 vols.).

50

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31 Joannes, a Davantria. Exegesis absolutissima. Cologne, 1535. 846.k.8. CLC 162. TCand An.32 John Chrysostom. Opera (Latin). 5 vols. Basle, 1547. L.ig.f-S. CLC 170. TC (inall 5 vols.).33 John Fisher. Assertionis Liitheranae confutatio. Antwerp, 1523. C.8i.f.2. CLC 173.TC. Illustrated in figs. 3 and 4. These are discussed by Diarmaid MacCuUoch, 'Twodons in politics: Thomas Cranmer and Stephen Gardiner, 1503-1533', HistoricalJournal, xxxvii (1994), pp. 1-22, esp. pp. 10, 12-13.34 KhrypfFs, Nicolaus, de Cusa. [Opera]. 2 vols. Paris, 1514. C.76.d.4. CLC 179(Burhidge, 'much underlined and annotated by Cranmer, on passages relating to thePapal supremacy', p. 356). TC (vol. i).35 Le Fevre, Jacques, d^Etaples. Commentarii initiatorii in quatuor Euangelia. Cologne,1541. i355.k.ii. CLC 189. PTC*.

A R T I C V L V S V I G E S I M V S Q V I N T V S

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Fig. J. Cranmer's annotations in his surviving copy of Fisher's Assertionis Lutheranae confutatio(see A. 33). BL, C.8i.f.2, f. 132V

53

A R T I C V L V S V I O E S I M V S O C T A V . V S

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Non pofltintnonefTenecefninxresad (alutemipf quasPotifezcnmCondlio tales efle dedarauic: non qi illas Pontifex dtidat Odutaresquia pridem tales faerant,icdrco Potifexfpinm inilru^s, iam cascuUlutaresdiffiniuit.Pranudicatiiigiture(laiic^chriftiano,nediiKtlufli

oimcondliocredendadecFmit,(edt7soponer,&Bde,& conUmpariter adh[bcre.Q,uis enim alio padio fdrepotdl, quaepro veris Eoifgdrjs ChriRi teneda fuerinr, & quse re({3ucnda, nifipecEcddlae deoD

^1tuniC Sed non ita, qj Ecdefia poteftquic^ EuangeUmn effice«,qBoJnoiiante fuerat Euangdiu, autid repudiare,quod venim fit Eaangd^fed fpiritu ventatisinfaUibiteredoda,quatuornobis Eoangdiatradifdit,quibus nos f(rmaadhiberefidemoportet,at<]padhuncmo3uni<lcCECteris,quac pontifex cum Ecdefia decemitjCredendum e(l»InIibeitateenivocati(umus,vtnon(itnece(recredereveru,qd'aliii$IiO'niofenatvddidt,contentidsGredett,qufin(crfpturisdo(ftifumus.In Iibeitatem fane vocati fumus,fed hac aburimur {ibertate,quado licca|t{u9,autfentimus,autIoquimur,qEcde(iazdecretapermJttum.Tuceiiibbertas noftra^malidae vdamen eft potius qlibertas. Nee veraeftcquB*admodumtupnctexis)q9vrgeturquiui5 credere, quicquida(iusquili«bet credit: fed quicquicd Pontifex cum Concilio credendum decemitiid omnino credere tenetur qu{uis,qq in fcripturis idipfum no habcatur.Nam pluritna funtcvd fupradiximus; quseteaemur crederCynnrtulS

Fig. 4. Marginalia by Cranmer commenting on a passage by Luther quoted in Fisher's Confutatio

(see A. 33). BL, C.8i.f.2, f. 159V

54

36 Leuwis, Dionysius de, de Rickel {the Carthusian). [Works, vol. ii]. In omnes Pauliepistolas commentaria and other works. Cologne, 1532. 3837.g.2. CLC 195. PTC*.37 . [Works, vol. xii]. Super omnes Dionysii Areopagitae libros commentaria and otherworks. Cologne, 1536. 3837.g.i2. CLC 208. TC.38 Ludolf, of Saxony. In Psalterium expositio. Paris, 1520. C.78.b.5. CLC 214 (Alston,'MS. notes [by Thomas Cranmer]', p. 351). But MS. notes probably not by TC.39 Oecumenius, Bishop ofTricca. Commentaria in quatuor Euangelia. Louvain, 1543.I2i8.k.i2. CLC 239. PTC.40 Origen. [Opera^. 2 vols. Paris, 1519. C.79.d.i2. CLC 242 (Alston, *Few MS. notes',p. 412). T C (in both vols.) and An.41 Petrus, Lombardus. In omnes Pauli epistolas collectanea. Paris, 1537. C.77.h.12(2).CLC 251. T C and An.42 Picardus, Joannes. Thesauri theologorum pars prima{-quarta). 2 vols. Milan, 1506.476.a.4, 5. CLC 256. PTC (vol. ii only).43 Pighius, Albertus. Hierarchiae ecclesiasticae assertio. Cologne, 1538. 1124.cc.16.CLC 258 (Alston, 'MS . notes', p. 444). TC.44 Prosper, ofAquitaine. Opera. Lyons, 1539. 3623.e.18. CLC 262 (Alston, 'MS . notes[by T. Cranmer]', p. 464). TC.45 Richard, of Middleton. In primum {-quartum) sententiarum questiones. 2 vols. Venice,1507-9. C.8i.e.i. CLC 267. Pre-C and PTC.46 Richard, ofSt Victor. Omnia opera. Paris, 1518. 472.f.ii. CLC 268. Pre-C and PTC.47 Sedulius, Scotus. In omnes epistolas Pauli collectaneum. Basle, 1528. I2i5.k.i5(i).CLC 274. TC.48 Sutor, Petrus. De tralatione Bibliae. Paris, 1525. 699.I.22. CLC 282 (Alston, 'MS .notes', p. 551). PTC and An.49 Thomas, Aquinas. Super epistolas Pauli commentaria. Paris, 1526. I2i5.k.i5(2). CLC285. TC and PTC.50 • In Pauli epistolas commentaria. Paris, 1538. C.77.h.12(1). CLC 287. T C and An.51 • Prima {-tertia) pars summe. 2 vols. Hagenau, 1512. C.8o.e.2. CLC 291. T C (vol.ii only).

52 TuTTGCYQTf\3X^,]o^nnGsdc. Summe de ecclesia domini.'Lyons, 1496. IB.41921. CLC294. PTC.53 Vegius, Mapheus. De perseuerantia religionis. Paris, 1511. 469.a.21(1). CLC 296(Burbidge, 'notes in his handwriting', p. 356). PTC or An.54 Vio, Thomas de [Cajetanus]. Epistolae Pauli, et aliorum apostolorum ad Graecamveritatem castigatae juxta sensum literalem enarratae. Paris, 1532. 3205.i.13. CLC 301PTC.55 Witzel, Georg, the Elder. Hagiologium. Mainz, 1541. C.78.C.4. CLC 308 (Burbidge,'There are various marks and annotations in Cranmer's handwriting', p. 359). TC.

55

HISTORY

56 Bildius, Beatus, Rhenanus. Autores historiae ecclesiasticae. Basle, 1528. 4532.h.2.Not from ORL (acquired in 1862). CLC 314 (Alston, 'MS notes', p. 52; Burbidge, *thenotes are not in Cranmer's handwriting', p. 361). PTC and An.57 Eusebius, Bishop ofCaesarea. [flistoria ecclesiastic a]. Paris, 1544. C.79.g.4. CLC 330(Burbidge, 'with numerous notes in Cranmer's handwriting', p. 349). TC.58 Landulphus, Sagax. Romana historia. Basle, 1532. C.74.d4. CLC 352. PTC or An.59 Massaeus, Christianus. Chronicorum multiplicis historiae vtriusque testamenti librivtginti. Antwerp, 1520. C.80.0.6(2). CLC 357. TC*.60 Nauclerus, Joannes, Memorabilium omnis aetatis et omnium gentium chronicicommentarii. Tubingen, 1516. 579.k.26. CLC 360. TC and An.61 Sacchi, Bartholomaeus, de Platina. De vita & moribus summorum Pontificutnhistoria. Cologne, 1529. C.78.0.10(2). CLC 368. TC.62 Sichardus, Joannes. Chronicon. Basle, 1529. C.78.0.10(1). CLC 370 ('Few MS.notes', p. 525). TC and An*.63 Trogus Vovcip^ins. Justini historici. Epitome. Paris, 1519. 586.1.4(1). CLC 376. TC.

ARTS

64 Annius, Joannes, Viterbensis. Antiquitatum variarum volumina, Paris, 1512. 588.i. 11.CLC 396. TC.65 Erasmus. Intsitutio [sic] principis Christiani. Basle, 1519. C.8i.b.26. CLC 469.TC*.66 John XXI, Pope [Peter, of Spain]. [Summulae logicales]. Lyons, 1500. IB.42198.CLC 489 (*MS. notes', p. 302). Pre-C and PTC.67 Quintilianus. Oratoriarum institiitionum lib. xii. Paris, 1516. C.80.C.11. CLC 517(Alston, 'Few MS. notes', p. 469). TC.

MEDICINE

68 Virdung, Johann. Noua niedicinae methodus. Ettlingen, 1532. 542.0.1(3). CLC 585(Alston, p. 589, refers to another BL copy (ii4i.a.i) rather than this one: 'Few MS.notes. With Archbishop Cranmer's autograph'. But there is no evidence to connectii4i.a.i with Cranmer). TC*.

MANUSCRIPTS

69 Anselm, of Bee. Epistolae. s. XIV. Cotton MS. Claudius A. XI. CLC MS. 3.5. Pre-C and TC*.70 Hrabanus Magnentius, Maurus. Expositio in Matthaeum. s. XV. Royal MS. 4 B.IX. CLC MS. 26. PTC.

56

71 Liturgies. - Breviaries. Festivale, et horarum canonicarum series, c. 1538-46. RoyalMS. 7 B. IV. CLC MS. 34 (Burbidge, 'with corrections in his own handwriting', p.347). TC and others of his staff. See J. Wickham Legg, Cranmer's Liturgical Projects(London, 1915).

B. OTHER BOOKS N O T E D BY A L S T O N W I T H M A N U S C R I P TN O T E S W H I C H ALSO B E L O N G E D T O CRANMER

The provenances of the following books and the authorship of the MS. notes theycontain are not identified by Alston. All were owned by Cranmer (except where somedoubt exists, as indicated), but the MS. notes are not in his hand.

THEOLOGY

1 Duns, Joannes, Scotus. [Quodlibeta]. Venice, 1477. IB.20311. CLC 88.. Scriptum super primum sententiarum. Venice, 1477. IB.20307. CLC 89., [In quartum sententiarum']. Venice, [?i476]. IB.20297. CLC 90.

All three of Cranmer ownership and bound together. (Alston, all with 'copious MS.notes', p. 163). MS. notes in all three: Pre-C.2 Muenster, Sebastian. Opus grammaticum. Basle, 1542. 621.g.5(8). CLC 229 (Alston,'MS. notes', p. 394). Probably the Cranmer copy listed in ORC, but no survivinginscription. MS. notes: An.3 Sermons. Sermones Dormi secure. Lyons, 1495. IA.42338. CLC 276 (Alston, 'FewMS. notes', p. 520). MS. notes: probably Pre-C.4 Turrecremata, Joannes de. Flos theologie. Deventer, 1484. IB.47514. CLC 293(Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 575). Pre-C.5 William, of Ockham. Quotlibeta. Paris, 1487. IA.40013. CLC 305 (Alston, 'withArchbishop Cranmer's autograph. MS. notes', p. 609). Pre-C.

ARTS

6 Erasmus. De conscribendis epistolis. Cologne, 1523. 1083.d.i. CLC 468 (Alston,'copious MS. notes', p. 204). Pre-C (probably by earlier owner, Joannes Toker).7 Euripides. [Hecuba]. Louvain, 1520. 999.d.i(i). CLC 475 (Alston, 'MS. notes',p. 208). Pre-C (by earher owner, Joannes Toker).8 Filelfo, Francesco. Epistolarum liber primum {-decimus sextus). Brescia, 1485.IB.31115. CLC 478 (Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 217). Pre-C.9 Nicolaus, de Orto Cell. [Questiones]. Padua, [?i476]. IC.29955. CLC 499 (Alston,'MS. notes', p. 404). Pre-C.10 Pius II, Pope (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini). Epistolae. Lyons, 1497. IB.42060. CLC507 (Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 448). Pre-C (letter on flyleaf at end).11 Plutarch. [De educatione puerorum]. Cologne, 1519. 8305.b.37. CLC 511 (Alston,

57

'Few MS. notes', p. 453). Possibly the Cranmer copy listed in ORC. MS. notes (inGreek): An*.12 Scriptores. Scriptores aliquot gnomici. Basle, 1521. 1067.k.i. CLC 524 (Alston, *MS.notes', p. 517). Probably not the Cranmer copy listed in ORC. MS. notes: An.13 Tarteretus, Petrus. Expositio. [Lyons], 1500. IB.42199/42200. CLC 527/8 (Alston,'Few MS. notes', p. 556). Probably the Cranmer copy listed in ORC. MS. notes: Pre-C.14 Trombeta, Antonius. Opus in metaphysicam Arist. Venice, 1504. 520.h.4. CLC 534(Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 573). MS. notes: probably Pre-C.15 Varennius, Joannes. Syntaxis linguae Graecae. Louvain, 1532. 624.c.26(4). CLC540 (Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 582). An.16 . Syntaxis linguae Graecae. Basle, 1539. 622.d.4. CLC 541 (Alston, 'MS. notes',p. 582). An (though some probably by John Ponet).17 Vergerius, Petrus Paulus, the Elder. De ingenuis moribus opusculum. Paris, 1510.C.77.b.3o(i). CLC 543 (Alston, 'Few MS. notes', p. 585). An.18 Xenophon. [Apologia Socratis]. Hagenau, [1520]. 834.^30. CLC 550 (Alston, 'FewMS. notes', p. 619). Possibly the Cranmer copy hsted in ORC. An.

MEDICINE

19 Cornarius, Janus. Uniuersae rei medicae. Basle, 1529. 542.c.1(1). CLC 560.5(Alston, 'MS. notes', p. 129). Pre-C (by earlier owner, Joannes Toker).20 Dioscorides. Libri octo. Paris, 1549. 546.c.5. CLC 562 (Alston, 'MS. notes [inArabic]', p. 154). ' T C initials on spine, but no TC inscription and not certainly hiscopy. An.21 Galen. De differentiis foebrium libri duo. Paris, 1519. 539.h.5(2). CLC 569 (Alston,'MS. notes', p. 235). An.

GEOGRAPHY

22 Ptolemaeus. [Geographia]. Strasbourg, 1520. Maps C.i.d.io(i). CLC 610 (Alston,'MS. notes', p. 466). An.

MUSIC

23 Wollick, Nicolaus. Opus aureuni musice. Cologne, 1505. K.i.h.6. CLC 616 (Alston,'MS. notes', p. 615). Cranmer owned a copy of this work according to ORC, but nopositive evidence that this ORL copy belonged to Cranmer. An.

1 * Cranmer's Library: its Potential for Refor-mation Studies', in Paul Ayris and David Selwyn(eds.), Thomas Cranmer: Churchman and Schotar(Woodbridge, 1993), pp. 39-72, esp. pp. 52f;D. G. Selwyn, The Library of Thomas Cranmer(Oxford, 1996) [hereafter CLC, followed by tbecatalogue entry number].

2 Transcribed in J. G. Nicbols (ed.). Narratives ofthe Reformation, Camden Society, Old Series,lxxvii (London, 1859), p. 219.

3 Nichols, pp. 249-50.4 Liturgies and Offices of the Church (London,

1885), pp. x-xxxii, especially p. xii on his practiceof annotation; his fuller reconstruction formedpart of Bernard Quaritch, Contributions toward aDictionary of English Book Collectors (London,1892), pt. i, pp. 3-28, reprinted in The Work ofThomas Cranmer, introduced by J. L Packer andedited by G. E. Duffield, Courtenay Library ofReformation Classics (Appleford, 1964), pp.341-65. Burbidge included 3, 5, 13, 19, 20, 34,53» 55i 57 ^^^ 71 i" the list that follows. Inaddition, he listed the Commonplace Books(Royal MSS. 7 B. XI, XII ; CLC MS. 22), theReformatio legum ecctesiasticarum (Harleian MS.426; CLC MS. App. 9}, Alexander Anglus,Destructorium viciorum (Paris, 1497, BL,IB.39938; CLC 7) and Gratius Ortwinus,Fasciculus (Cologne, 1535, BL, 452o.e; CLC343.1), his copy of which has not been con-clusively identified. He rejected 10 and 56 in thelist that follows.

5 Books with Manuscript: A Short-titte Catalogueof Books with Manuscript Notes in the BritishLibrary... With Indexes of Owners and Books withAuthorial Annotations (London, 1994).

6 Alston includes the five vol. set of Augustine(BL, C.79.i.i), Ludolf of Saxony (C.78.b.5),Perrottus (625.h.i3), Prosper (3623.e.i8),Virdung (1141.3.1) and William of Ockham(IA.40013). However, the Perrottus and Virdungare the wrong copies (Cranmer's are 627.m.4 and542.c.1(3) respectively) and in the case of theWilliam of Ockham, while Alston notesCranmer's ownership of the book (p. 609) it isunclear whether he also ascribes the MS. notesto him.

7 CLC Appendix I.8 On these, and the possible reasons for their

absence from the Old Royal Library, see CLC,pp. xl-xli, xliii-xlviii, Ixxxvi-xcii.

9 CLC, pp. Ixxvi-lxxxvi. One hundred and tenvolumes of patristic texts up to the time of PopeGregory I survive from his library (twenty-threeof them being medieval manuscripts), and fifty-one of these are annotated.

10 E.g. BL, Royal MSS. 7 B. XI, XII, theCollections of Law (Lambeth Palace, MS. 1107,ff. 1-76), the Notes on Justification (LambethPalace, MS. 1108, fT. 58-67) and De resacramentaria (Cambridge, Corpus ChristiCollege, MSS. 102, pp. 151-193, and 113,

PP- 345-391)-11 A Defence of the True and Catholike Doctrine of

the Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ(London: Reyner Wolfe, 1550) and An Answervnto a Crafty Cauillation by S. Cardiner(London: Reyner Wolfe, 1551).

12 CLC, p. lxiv.

59