David Garman

Under Secretary

U.S. Department of Energy

Why Hydrogen?

OIL

COAL

NATURAL GAS

NUCLEAR

RENEWABLE

U.S. Energy Flows

The Growing Dependence on Foreign Oil

Gap

Domestic Crude Oil Production

Transportation Petroleum Consumption

Fuel Cell Vehicles in the Showroom and Hydrogen

at Fueling Stations by 2020

The President’s Commitment

President Bush commits a total $1.7 billion over first 5 years:

• $1.2 billion for hydrogen and fuel cells RD&D ($720 million in new money)

• $0.5 billion for hybrid and vehicle technologies RD&D

Accelerated, parallel track enables industry commercialization decision by 2015.

.

Distributed Generation

TransportationBiomass

Coal

Nuclear

Natural Gas

Oil

Wit

h C

arb

on

S

equ

estr

atio

n

HIGH EFFICIENCY & RELIABILITY

ZERO/NEAR ZEROEMISSIONS

Hydro

Wind

Solar

Geothermal

Hydrogen Economy Timeline Transitional

Phases

I. Technology Developm ent Phase

II. Initial Market Penetration Phase

III. Infrastructure Investm ent Phase

IV. Fully Developed Market and Infrastructure Phase

Strong Governm ent R&D Role

Strong Industry Com m ercialization Role

200

0

2020

201

0

2030

204

0

PhaseI

PhaseII

PhaseIII

PhaseIV

RD&D I

Transition to th e M arketplace

Com m ercialization Decision

II

E xpansio n of M arkets and In frastructure III

Realizatio n of the Hydrog en Eco nom y IV

Selected Major Milestones

Critical Path Technology Barriers:• Hydrogen Storage (>300-mile range)• Fuel Cell Cost ($30 per kW)• Hydrogen Cost ($2.00 - 3.00 per gge)

Economic/Institutional Barriers:• Codes and Standards (Safety, and Global Competitiveness)• Hydrogen Delivery (Investment for new Distribution

Infrastructure) • Education

Multiple Technologies are in Play

MaterialsHigh temperature and

lightweight material structures and processing

Engines & Emission Control

Advanced combustion regimes and waste heat conversion to electricity for

improved efficiency of light- and heavy-duty vehicles

FuelsAdvanced fossil and alternative

fuel formulations for domestically-sourced feed-

stocks and renewables

Vehicle SystemsOptimized connection and control

of complex components.

Deployment Advanced vehicle testing,

fleets, and student competitions

Hybrid PropulsionHybrid systems, energy storage, and

power electronics, to increase the system efficiency for a viable interim

step to energy security

Interim Technologies

Key Technology Areas• Advanced Combustion Engines

• Electric Propulsion Systems

• Energy Storage

• Hydrogen-Fueled ICEs

• Materials Technologies

• Hydrogen Production, Delivery

• Hydrogen Storage

• Fuel Cells

Recent Technical Accomplishments

Hydrogen Production

• Approaching R & D target of $3/gge for hydrogen from distributed natural gas reforming at 5000 psi (APCI, GE)

Hydrogen Storage

• Compounds predicted for potential storage materials of ~ 6 to 8 wt% (NREL, SNL, PNNL)

Fuel Cells

• 5X increase in activity of Pt and Pt alloys on nano-structured thin film over catalysts on conventional high-area carbons reducing cost to <$200/kW (3M)

Technology Validation

• Signed four cooperative agreements, fuel cell vehicles delivered and opened hydrogen refueling stations in Michigan, California and Washington, D.C. (BP, Shell)

Technology Validation Teams

(1)(1)

(1) Fuel cells supplied by Ballard

Under NegotiationSigned Cooperative Agreements

Vehicles on the Street

Fueling Technology Validation

Chino, CA

LAX refueling station

DTE/BP Power Park, Southfield, MI

Hydrogen and gasoline station, WA DC

Future Scenarios