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Cuyahoga County Strengthening Communities – Youth (SCY) Project: Findings & Implications for Juvenile Justice. David L. Hussey, Ph.D. Associate Professor Institute for the Study and Prevention of Violence Kent State University. Strengthening Communities – Youth (SCY). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cuyahoga County Strengthening Cuyahoga County Strengthening Communities – Youth (SCY) Communities – Youth (SCY) Project: Findings & Implications Project: Findings & Implications for Juvenile Justicefor Juvenile Justice
David L. Hussey, Ph.D.Associate ProfessorInstitute for the Study and Prevention of ViolenceKent State University
Strengthening Communities Strengthening Communities – Youth– Youth (SCY) (SCY)
The SCY project (2002-2007, CSAT 3.75 million dollars) served youth between the ages of 12 and 17 who arrive at the Cuyahoga County Detention Center as a result of a new arrest
Youth are screened for substance use by a representative from the Public Defender’s office/Juvenile Division and referred to Catholic Counseling Services for further assessment using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs (GAIN)
Clinical recommendations will be presented to court prior to disposition
Once assessed, youth are referred to an appropriate level of care for substance abuse treatment and followed at 3, 6, and 12 months
DemographicsDemographics82% male53% African-American, 29%
Caucasian, 6% Hispanic/Latino, 11% biracial/mixed, 1% other
Average age=15.7 years (range=12-18)
At least 64% are Medicaid eligibleAbout half (54%) live in the city of
Cleveland84% 12-month follow-up rate for
study
GAIN Mental Health GAIN Mental Health IndicesIndices
ModerateSevereRange
Internal Mental Distress
Somatic Symptoms
Depressive Symptoms
Homicidal Suicidal Thoughts
Anxiety Symptoms
Traumatic Stress
All Youth 90 (39%) 117 (50%)
148 (64%)
57 (25%) 103 (44%)
81 (35%)
Males 64 (34%) 89 (47%)
113 (59%)
42 (22%) 79 (42%)
59 (31%)
Females 26 (62%)*
28 (67%)*
35 (83%)*
15 (36%) 24 (57%)
22 (52%)*
ModerateSevereRange
BehaviorComplexity
ADHD InattentiveDisorder
Hyperactive Disorder
Conduct Disorder
All Youth 162 (70%)
123 (53%)
95 (41%) 40 (17%) 163 (70%)
Males 127 (67%)
98 (52%)
73 (38%) 26 (14%) 129 (68%)
Females 35 (83%)*
25 (59%)
22 (52%) 14 (33%) *
34 (81%)
*Statistically significant differences between males and females, p < .05
Lifetime Charges Lifetime Charges (JIMS Data)(JIMS Data)
SCY youth were, on average, 14.41 years old at the time of their first charge
Total charges=2,571 (N=227)
On average, SCY youth had been charged with 10.19 (SD=7.30, median=9) offenses (excluding traffic)
Misdemeanors accounted for the largest proportion of charges (40%), followed by felonies (30%), traffic offenses (11%), probation violations (10%) and status offenses (9%)
Domestic Violence ChargesDomestic Violence Charges
43% of youth had at least one domestic violence charge
41% had at least one adjudicated domestic violence charge
Of the total adjudicated domestic violence charges, 90% were misdemeanor level and 10% were felony level
A higher proportion of females than males had adjudicated domestic violence charges
Environmental Risk Environmental Risk (GAIN-I)(GAIN-I)
1.8
57.7
40.5
3.2
55.0
41.8
1.8
22.0
76.1
0.0
25.6
74.4
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
EnvironmentalRisk
Living Risk VocationalRisk
Social Risk
High
Moderate
Low
General Victimization General Victimization Scale Scale (GAIN-I)(GAIN-I)On average, youth reported the first time they were victimized they were 11 years old
Significantly more females than males report sexual victimization and emotional abuse at the hands of someone close to them or that they trusted
Significantly more males than females report being attacked with a weapon
Child Welfare Involvement (CPS Child Welfare Involvement (CPS data)data)
The majority of SCY youth (69%) had at least one allegation of any type of maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional maltreatment)
Almost half (47%) of youth had a substantiated or indicated maltreatment incident in their lifetime
On average, SCY youth were 7.7 years old at the time of first maltreatment allegation
24% of SCY youth had experienced at least one out-of-home placement (OHP) in their lifetime ◦ On average, youth who had experienced any OHP had
3 out-of-home placements (median=2)◦ Most commonly, placement was in foster/adoptive
homes or community residential centers
VictimizationVictimization64% of youth report some type of
victimization on the GAIN
47% of youth had a substantiated/ indicated incident of maltreatment
If considered together, 80% of all SCY youth have a history of some type of victimization
Youth Cross-System Youth Cross-System InvolvementInvolvementJuvenile Justice, Alcohol and Drug, Mental Health, Special Education, Child Protective Services (CPS)
12% of youth were involved with only the juvenile justice and alcohol and drug systems
88% were involved in at least one other system
32% involved in 3 systems, 40% involved in 4 systems, 15% involved in all five systems
Youth Cross–System Youth Cross–System InvolvementInvolvement
System Involvement In Addition to Juvenile Justice andAlcohol and Drug (N = 232)
Mental Health 131 (56%)
Special Education 67 (29%)
Child Protective Services (CPS) - any contactAny AllegationAny Substantiated / Indicated FindingAny Out-of-Home Placement
173 (75%)159 (68%)108 (47%)56 (24%)
Mental Health and Special Education 41 (18%)
Mental Health & CPS 104 (45%)
Special Education & CPS 57 (25%)
Mental Health, Special Education & CPS 36 (15%)
SCY Youth Problem Trajectory
7.7
11.0
13.1
14.4
15.7
6.07.08.09.0
10.011.012.013.014.015.016.017.0
DCFS 1stMaltreatment
Allegation
Self-ReportedVictimization
Self-Reported 1stTime Drunk or Used
Drugs
1st DelinquentCharge
SCY Enrollment forSubstance Abuse
Treatment
Ave
rage
Age
in Y
ears
Discussion & ImplicationsDiscussion & Implications
For juvenile justice youth, mental health, substance abuse, comorbidity, violence, victimization, delinquency, and lifetime cross-system involvement rates very high, strongly interconnected, and closely related to identification, assessment, intervention, and outcomes
Emerging gender differences impact assessment and treatment
High levels of domestic violence and environmental risk present contextual challenges in practice