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Common Ground: Crime, Race, and Community The Third SIPR Annual Conference Communities and Policing: evidence and innovation in Scotland Sept. 1st, 2009. David M. Kennedy Director Center for Crime Prevention and Control John Jay College of Criminal Justice [email protected] - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Common Ground: Crime, Common Ground: Crime, Race, and CommunityRace, and Community
The Third SIPR Annual ConferenceThe Third SIPR Annual Conference
Communities and Policing:Communities and Policing:evidence and innovation in Scotlandevidence and innovation in Scotland
Sept. 1st, 2009Sept. 1st, 2009
David M. KennedyDavid M. KennedyDirectorDirector
Center for Crime Prevention and ControlCenter for Crime Prevention and ControlJohn Jay College of Criminal JusticeJohn Jay College of Criminal Justice
[email protected] 484-1323212 484-1323
CIRV – Network Analysis of CIRV – Network Analysis of Street SetsStreet Sets
Red – Red – BeefBeef
Green – Green – AllianceAlliance
Blue – VolatileBlue – Volatile
GROUPS IN CINCINNATI GROUPS IN CINCINNATI HOMICIDESHOMICIDES
OVERALL: WHAT WE’VE OVERALL: WHAT WE’VE LEARNED AND WHERE WE LEARNED AND WHERE WE
AREARE These strategies workThese strategies work
Chicago: 37% reduction in homicideChicago: 37% reduction in homicide Boston: 50% reduction overall; 66% Boston: 50% reduction overall; 66%
reduction in youth homicidereduction in youth homicide Many more: ~ 40% reductions now typicalMany more: ~ 40% reductions now typical
Direct engagement: moral voice of the Direct engagement: moral voice of the community, help, consequencescommunity, help, consequences
Hard work to establish and maintainHard work to establish and maintain A work in progressA work in progress
OFFENDER IDEAS MATTER OFFENDER IDEAS MATTER THE MOSTTHE MOST
~80 percent of violence, usually, not about business: beefs, boy/girl, respect
We’re really dealing with the street code Disrespect requires violence We’re not afraid of death or prison We handle our own business We’ve got each other’s back We’re justified in what we do
Group dynamic, not about individuals: “pluralistic ignorance”
COMMUNITY RACIAL COMMUNITY RACIAL NARRATIVESNARRATIVES
• Unpopularity of even legitimate actions Unpopularity of even legitimate actions
• Real illegality and abuseReal illegality and abuse• Community narrative: conspiracy and Community narrative: conspiracy and
deliberate oppression, the latest in a deliberate oppression, the latest in a long historylong history
• Community anger, suspicion, and Community anger, suspicion, and silence misunderstood by law silence misunderstood by law enforcement and offenders as tolerance enforcement and offenders as tolerance for crime and violencefor crime and violence
ADDRESS KEY NORMS ADDRESS KEY NORMS AND NARRATIVESAND NARRATIVES
In order for law enforcement and In order for law enforcement and community to truly work together, mutual community to truly work together, mutual and toxic misunderstandings need to be and toxic misunderstandings need to be explicitly addressedexplicitly addressed Police are not solving problem, are Police are not solving problem, are
doing harm, are playing into racial doing harm, are playing into racial stereotypesstereotypes
Community is not taking responsibility, Community is not taking responsibility, is not setting standards, is playing into is not setting standards, is playing into racial stereotypesracial stereotypes
THE MORAL VOICE OF THE THE MORAL VOICE OF THE COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
Clear, direct, community standClear, direct, community stand Most important step possibleMost important step possible Respected local figuresRespected local figures
ParentsParents Ministers, mothers, activistsMinisters, mothers, activists
““Do you want your mother standing here?”Do you want your mother standing here?” ““We need you, you’re better than this.”We need you, you’re better than this.”
Offenders and ex-offendersOffenders and ex-offenders ““Shot any CIA agents lately?”Shot any CIA agents lately?” ““Who helped your mother last time you were Who helped your mother last time you were
locked up?”locked up?” ““Who thinks it’s OK for little kids to get shot?”Who thinks it’s OK for little kids to get shot?” Challenge the street codeChallenge the street code
IDENTIFY IDENTIFY “INFLUENTIALS”“INFLUENTIALS”
Who does the offender respect who Who does the offender respect who will stand with us?will stand with us? FamilyFamily Loved onesLoved ones Community figuresCommunity figures MinistersMinisters OGsOGs
CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES Group accountability for homicide: Group accountability for homicide:
group dynamic, group sanctiongroup dynamic, group sanction Last resortLast resort Explained ahead of timeExplained ahead of time By any legal means: “pulling levers”By any legal means: “pulling levers” Most serious sanctions on impact playersMost serious sanctions on impact players
Careful promise: sanction on next Careful promise: sanction on next homicide; on most violent grouphomicide; on most violent group
Reversal of pro-violence peer Reversal of pro-violence peer pressurepressure
““Honorable exit”Honorable exit”
HELP IS A MORAL AND HELP IS A MORAL AND PRACTICAL OBLIGATIONPRACTICAL OBLIGATION
Everyone who wants it deserves itEveryone who wants it deserves it Some will take itSome will take it Changes moral narrativesChanges moral narratives Has to be honestHas to be honest
We will do everything we canWe will do everything we can Limited resources and effectiveness Limited resources and effectiveness
don’t change the core fact that the don’t change the core fact that the violence is completely unacceptableviolence is completely unacceptable Teny Gross: “We don’t negotiate life”Teny Gross: “We don’t negotiate life”
SET UP FACE-TO-FACE SET UP FACE-TO-FACE MEETINGMEETING
““Call in” via probation and paroleCall in” via probation and parole Home visitsHome visits Community meetingsCommunity meetings
FACE-TO-FACE FACE-TO-FACE INTERVENTIONINTERVENTION
Strong unified message from everybody: this has Strong unified message from everybody: this has to stop. to stop.
Community message in presence of “influentials”: Community message in presence of “influentials”: the community needs this to stopthe community needs this to stop Set and reinforce clear community standardsSet and reinforce clear community standards Community much tougher than law Community much tougher than law
enforcementenforcement Help is available: social services, nonprofits, Help is available: social services, nonprofits,
churches, volunteerschurches, volunteers Law enforcement: if necessary, formal Law enforcement: if necessary, formal
consequences certainconsequences certain
CORE THEMES IN CORE THEMES IN MESSAGEMESSAGE
It has to stop. End of story. It’s wrong, it It has to stop. End of story. It’s wrong, it hurts, you’re better than this, you don’t like it, hurts, you’re better than this, you don’t like it, we don’t want to live like this any morewe don’t want to live like this any more
Your community and loved ones need it to stopYour community and loved ones need it to stop You are hugely important and valuableYou are hugely important and valuable The ideas of the street code are wrongThe ideas of the street code are wrong We will do everything we can to help youWe will do everything we can to help you We will stop you if you make usWe will stop you if you make us None of us like how we have been living; we None of us like how we have been living; we
all want to changeall want to change
COMMON GROUNDCOMMON GROUND Everyone wants the community to be safeEveryone wants the community to be safe Everyone wants the most dangerous Everyone wants the most dangerous
offenders controlled offenders controlled Everyone wants the chaos to stop (including Everyone wants the chaos to stop (including
many offenders)many offenders) Everyone wants profligate enforcement to Everyone wants profligate enforcement to
stopstop Everyone wants those who want help to get itEveryone wants those who want help to get it Everyone’s miserable now and can change Everyone’s miserable now and can change
togethertogether
MOREMORE
National Network for Safe National Network for Safe CommunitiesCommunities
30+ cities doing this work30+ cities doing this work ““Leadership Group”: Los Angeles, Leadership Group”: Los Angeles,
Boston, Milwaukee, Providence, Boston, Milwaukee, Providence, Cincinnati, High Point, Long BeachCincinnati, High Point, Long Beach
Full implementation and Full implementation and institutionalizationinstitutionalization
www.nnscommunities.orgwww.nnscommunities.org