Day 1

Naming Compounds

Writing Formulas

SWBAT Write and name binary and tertinary

ionic compounds Write and name covalent compounds

Systematic Naming There are too many compounds to

remember the names of them all. Compound is made of two or more

elements. Put together atoms. Name should tell us how many and

what type of atoms.

Periodic Table More than a list of elements. Put in columns because of similar

properties. Each column is called a group.

Metals

Transition metals The Group B

elements

Non-metals Dull Brittle Nonconductors

- insulators

Metalloids or Semimetals Properties of both Semiconductors

5 Types of Chemical Compounds

•Binary ionic - metal ion – nonmetal ion

•Ternary ionic - at least one ion is a polyatomic ion

•Binary molecular - two nonmetals

•Binary acid - H – nonmetal

•Ternary acid - H – Polyatomic ion

Atoms and ions Atoms are electrically neutral. Same number of protons and electrons. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms,

with a charge. Different numbers of protons and

electrons. Only electrons can move. Gain or lose electrons.

Anion A negative ion. Has gained electrons. Non metals can gain electrons. Charge is written as a superscript on

the right.

F1- Has gained one electron

O2- Has gained two electrons

Cations Positive ions. Formed by losing electrons. More protons than electrons. Metals form cations.

K1+ Has lost one electron

Ca2+ Has lost two electrons

2+

1+

3+ 3- 2- 1-

Charge in groups 1A, 2A and 3A is the group number

in 5A, 6A and 7A is the group number - 8

Naming Cations Just Write the name K1+ Potassium ion

Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluorin

Naming Anions Anions are always the same. Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluorine

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluori

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluor

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluori

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluorid

Naming Anions Anions are always the same Change the element ending to –

ide F1- Fluoride

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Binary Compounds - 2 elements. Ionic - a cation and an anion. The name is just the names of the ions. Cation first anion second Easy with Group A elements. NaCl = Na+ Cl- = sodium chloride

MgBr2 = Mg2+ Br- = magnesium bromide

Na2S

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds The problem comes with the transition

metals. Cation name includes the charge. The compound must be neutral. same number of + and – charges. Use the negative charge to find the

charge on the positive ion.

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Write the name of CuO Need the charge of Cu O is 2- copper must be 2+ Copper(II) oxide Name CoCl3 Cl is 1- and there are three of them = 3- Co must be 3+ Cobalt(III) chloride

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Write the names of the following KCl Na3N

CrN

Sc3P2

PbO

PbO2

Na2Se

Polyatomic ions Groups of atoms that stay together

and have a charge. Covalently bonded You must memorize these.

A Few Polyatomic Rules: PA ions which contain Oxygen contain

endings of -ite ( the least amount of Oxygen )and –ate ( the greater amount).

For ex.

Sulfite SO32- and Sulfate SO4

2-

Nitrite NO21- and Nitrate NO3

1-

Polyatomic Rules cont. Hydrogen is often indicated by an ions

name when present. For ex.: Hydrogen sulfate HSO4

1-

The prefixes mono- and di- are sometimes used.

For ex.: Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

The prefix thio- means, replace an Oxygen with a Sulfur.

1- ions Acetate C2H3O2

1-

Nitrate NO31-

Nitrite NO21-

Hydroxide OH1-

Permanganate MnO41-

Cyanide CN1-

1- ions Perchlorate ClO4

1-

Chlorate ClO31-

Chlorite ClO21-

Hypochlorite1-

2- ions Sulfate SO4

2-

Sulfite SO32-

Carbonate CO32-

Chromate CrO42-

Dichromate Cr2O72-

Silicate SiO32-

3- ions Phosphate PO4

3-

Phosphite PO33-

1+ ion Ammonium NH4

1+

Adding Hydrogen to Polyatomics Hydrogen ions are 1+ Attach to other polyatomic ions-

changes charge by one Sulfate SO4

2-

Hydrogen sulfate HSO41-

Phosphate PO43-

Hydrogen phosphate HPO42-

Dihydrogen phosphate H2PO41-

Ternary Ionic Compounds Will have polyatomic ions At least three elements (3 capital letters) Still just name the ions

NaNO3

CaSO4

CuSO3

Ternary Ionic Compounds (NH4)2O

Fe(OH)3

LiCN

(NH4)2CO3

NiPO4

Writing Formulas The charges have to add up to zero. Get charges on pieces. Cations from name or periodic table. Anions from periodic table or polyatomic. Balance the charges by adding subscripts. Put polyatomics in parenthesis if there is

more than one of them

Writing Formulas Write the formula for calcium chloride. Calcium is Ca2+

Chloride is Cl1- Ca2+ Cl1- would have a 1+ charge. Need another Cl1- Ca2+ Cl2

1-

Crisscross Switch the numerical value of the charges

Ba2+ N3-2 3

Ba3N2 Reduce ratio if possible

Write the formulas for these Lithium sulfide tin (II) oxide tin (IV) oxide Copper (II) sulfate Iron (III) phosphide gallium nitrate Iron (III) sulfide ammonium sulfide

Write the formulas for these Ammonium chloride barium nitrate

Yes

Charge from name

Charge from table

No

Formula and

charge from

memory

Charge from table

Yes No

M+X Nm-Y

MYNmX

Ionic

Roman Numeral?

Polyatomic?

Things to look for If cations have (), the number is their

charge. Not how many. If anions end in -ide they are probably off

the periodic table (Monoatomic) If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic The positive piece always gets written first Hydrogen- it depends on where it’s at

– If it is second, it’s a nonmetal -hydride

Molecular Compounds

Writing names and Formulas

Molecular compounds made of just nonmetals smallest piece is a molecule can’t be held together because of

opposite charges. can’t use charges to figure out how

many of each atom

Easier Ionic compounds use charges to

determine how many of each.

– Have to figure out charges.

– Have to figure out numbers. Molecular compounds name tells you

the number of atoms. Uses prefixes to tell you the number

Prefixes 1 mono- 2 di- 3 tri- 4 tetra- 5 penta-

6 hexa- 7 hepta- 8 octa- 9 nona- 10 deca-

Naming

Exception - we don’t write mono- if there is only one of the first element.

No ao oo double vowels when writing name, io, oi, and ai are okay.

Prefix name Prefix name -ide

To write the name write two words

Name These N2O

NO2

Cl2O7

CBr4

CO2

BaCl2

Write formulas for these diphosphorus pentoxide tetraiodine nonoxide sulfur hexaflouride nitrogen trioxide Carbon tetrahydride phosphorus trifluoride aluminum chloride diagram