Day Squire - Knight Flier by Louis P. Wooldridge DFC

7/27/2019 Day Squire - Knight Flier by Louis P. Wooldridge DFC

1/30


2/30

Kay ] q u jr c B ` jie t D g j c r


3/30

Glujs X. Yllgkrjkic KDM

J was nlr` j` ]tagynrjkic' Mecsejrc j` 1:>1 a`k at tec aic ld 15 ycars J c`tcrck

rciugar ÂD scrvjmc ncdlrc tec lutnrcab ld Ylrgk Yar [wl as a Irlu`k ]tadd

Fcmea`jm. Adtcr j`jtjag nasjm traj`jì J mlfpgctck fy tcme`jmag traj`jì as a Fcmea`jmat ÂD Glmbjì. Ncdlrc iljì l` tl scrvjmjì djietcr ajrmradt at ;4 F.S.ÂD

Glssjcflute J spc`t a selrt tjfc assjstjì j` tec Yatme Lddjmc %gatcr àfck Dgyjì

Ml`trlg*. Yejgc tecrc J fct Afy Ole`sl` %ld Cìga`k tl Austragja dafc* sec was l`c

ld tec fa`y dcfagc pjglts dgyjì wjte Ajr [ra`splrt Auxjgjary %A[A*. Agsl kurjì tejstjfc a Icrfa` Ecj`bcg 111 was selt klw` ny Nasc Irlu`k Kcdc`mc a`k tec mrcw

ijvc` a dugg fjgjtary du`crag. [ec djietcr ajrmradt J scrvjmck kurjì tec Nattgc ld Nrjtaj`

j`mgukck Eurrjma`cs' Kcdja`ts a`k Ncaudjietcrs. ]elrtgy adtcrwarks J rcmcjvck a`

lvcrscas plstjì wecrc cfnarbatjl` was kcgayck ny Gudtwaddc nlfnjì amtjl` atGjvcrpllg.


4/30

G l u j s X. Y l l g k r j k i c K D M

Kay ] q u jr c B ` jie t D g j c r


5/30

Mlpyrjiet G l u j s X . Y l l g k r j k i c

[ec rjiet ld Glujs X. Yllgkrjkic tl nc jkc`tjdjck as autelr ld

tejs wlrb eas ncc` asscrtck ny ejf j` ammlrka`mc wjte scmtjl` 99 a`k 95 ldtec Mlpyrjiet' Kcsji`s a`k Xatc`ts Amt 1:55.

Agg rjiets rcscrvck. @l part ld tejs pungjmatjl` fay nc rcprlkumck' stlrck j` a

rctrjcvag systcf' lr tra`sfjttck j` a`y dlrf lr ny a`y fca`s' cgcmtrl`jm'fcmea`jmag' peltlmlpyjì' rcmlrkjì' lr ltecrwjsc' wjtelut tec prjlr

pcrfjssjl` ld tec pungjsecrs.

A`y pcrsl` wel mlffjts a`y uàutelrjsck amt j` rcgatjl` tl tejs pungjmatjl`

fay nc gjangc tl mrjfjàg prlscmutjl` a`k mjvjg mgajfs dlr kafaics.

A MJX matagliuc rcmlrk dlr tejs tjtgc js avajgangc drlf tec Nrjtjse Gjnrary.

J]N@ :95 1 5;:4= =89 :

www.austj`famaugcy.mlf

Djrst Xungjseck %>81=*

Austj` Famaugcy Xungjsecrs Gtk.>3 Maàka ]quarc

Maàry Yeard

Gl`kl`

C1; 3GN

Xrj`tck $ Nlu`k j` Ircat Nrjtaj`


6/30

B`jiets ld tec Ajr

Afjkst tec `jiet sby' stukkck wjte stars nrjiet tl dajr'

]lfctjfcs iravck ny a nrjggja`t sjgvcry fllàt ltecr tjfcs narc'

[ec ÂD B`jiets ld tec Ajr'

Spl` tecjr wllk' danrjm a`k fctaggjm stccks'Gjbc tecjr mlu`tcrparts' tec nlgk B`jiets ld Lgk'

^lkc lut tl ijvc nattgc'

@lt wjte sejcgk a`k Ga`mc'

Nut tl tec ammlfpa`jfc`t ld ma``l` a`k famej`c iu`djrc rattgc'

[ec dlrtu`c dcw rctur`jì' agncjt mlvcrck j` surrlu`ks ld iglry'

Yejgst agas' tec u`dlrtuàtc fa`y' ny datcs kcmrcctecjr drafcs sl ngllky iglry.

[eus agg yc pcrsl`s ld tec pcamctjfc duturc wel karc'

[l vjsjt tec varjlus wartjfc ajrdjcgks' eaìars' fcsscs' a`k dj`k tecf' sjgc`t' kcrcgjmt

a`k j` kjsrcpajr'

Gjstc` j`tc`tgy' a`k ijvc jfaijàtjvc teluiet tl teat wejme l`mc eak ncc`'

A`k jt js plssjngc' teat l`mc aiaj` tec cvc`ts ld telsc ycars'Fay yct aiaj` u`dlgk a`k nc scc`'

Agglwjì pcreaps tl nc ecark' lcr tec daj`t ccrjc slu`ks ld ma``l` a`k famej`c

iu`djrc rattgc'

[ec ielstgy cmelcs ld acrl cìj`cs' fjìgjì wjte tec vljmcs ld tec B`jiets ld tecajr'

As tecy l`mc flrc dgy tec sbjcs j` tec spcmtrag nattgc.

Glujs Xatrjmb Yllgkrjkic' KDM

cx&@l. 31 $ @l. 395 Eagjdax ]quakrl`s'

ÂD @l. ; Irlup Nlfncr Mlffa`k1:;=&1:;;


7/30

[ec Djietcr Ajrfa`s Gafc`t%[u`c ld? Elfc l` tec âìc*

Le! ijvc fc tec sbyYjte a djietcr ajrmradt tl dgy

A`k tec mgluks' tl wcavc arlu`k agg kay'

[l kjvc klw` tl carte j` a ecavc`gy fjrte

A`k rctur` tlwarks tec su` j` rase pgay

Le! ijvc fc tec rjiet

[l tabc part j` sume dgjiet

A`k jd cvcr kaw`s tec kay[l fy mlu`try' fy kcnt J fust pay

Gct jt nc' kurjì tec mlursc ld a djietcr addray


Cx&@l. 31 $ @l. 395 Eagjdax ]quakrl`s'

ÂD ]àjte a`k Nur`' ZlrbsejrcNlfncr Mlffa`k @l. ; Irlup

1:;=&1:;;Agsl' cx&[cme`jmag' Faj`tcà`mc'

[raj`jì' Djietcr a`k Mlastag Mlffa`ks

1:=:&1:;4


8/30

[ec Mlastag Ajrfa`s Gafc`t%[u`c ld? Nury fc klw` l` tec Gl`c Xrajrjc*

Lcr tec kccp ircc` sca

Kurjì tec kay lr `jiet

Yc faj`taj` lur scarme

Yjte u`dajgjì sjiet]ccbjì c`cfy mradt

Ld kccp lr seagglw krauiet

Yectecr tecy faync

Spl`' lr nc`cate tec sca

A`k jd ny mea`mcAdtcr ncjì gck a ka`mc

Datc js tl us sl bj`k'

[eat wc arc dlrtuàtc tl dj`k

[ec c`cfy u`scc`

Yectecr surdamck' lr sunfarj`c

Jt wjgg ncmlfc dlr us'[ec mgjfax ld lur scarmejì tcaf

Glujs Xatrjmb Yllgkrjkic' KDMCx&@l. 31 $ @l. 395 Eagjdax ]quakrl`s'

ÂD ]àjte a`k Nur`' Zlrbsejrc

Nlfncr Mlffa`k @l. ; Irlup

1:;=&1:;;

Agsl' cx&[cme`jmag' Faj`tcà`mc'


1:=:&1:;4


9/30

[ec Nlfncr Ajrfa`s Gafc`t%[u`c ld? Cfpty ]akkgcs j` tec Lgk Mlrrag*

Xea`tlf nlfncrs l` tec lgk ajrdjcgks

Yecrc kl ylu dgy tl`jiet

Arc ylu ldd tl vjsjt Ncrgj`' Eafnuri' @urcfnuri lr Fa`ècjfLr slfcwecrc j` tec ûer' cast ld tec êj`c



[erluie a fll`gcss lr dugg fll`gjt sbyIjvjì nattgc as ylu dgy

^ctur`jì serlukck' nut wjte ylur spjrjts amcs ejie

Ielstgy cìj`cs' sjgc`mck ny tjfcLutgj`ck at kjspcrsag ny rjìs ld rjfc

Yjte ielstgy iu`s ld `ljscgcss rattgcXatjc`tgy wajtjì tec pea`tlf elurs ld nattgc



Jd ylu wjgg l`gy ajr dlr fc tl olj` ylu

J` tec ajr nattgcs ld glì ailJt wjgg nc j` tec mlfpa`y ld fy lgk ajr mrcw




Nlfncr Mlffa`k @l. ; Irlup1:;=&1:;;

Agsl' cx [cme`jmag' Faj`tcà`mc'


1:=:&1:;4


10/30

Fcfljr [rjnutc tl tec ÂD Irlu`k ]tadd ld Ylrgk Yar JJ

J` ]cptcfncr 1:=:' wec` war was kcmgarck

[ec ÂD' j` fc` a`k famej`cs was vastgy u`prcparck

^cj`dlrmjì tec ^ciugars' mafc fcfncrs ld tec Auxjgjary' Tlgu`tccr ^cscrvc' a`kkuratjl` ld Yar fc`'

Yel ny prcvjlus prcdcrc`mc' vlgu`tccrck tl klàtc tl tec ÂD tecjr mjvjgja` tcme`jmag

Ic`.

J`jtjaggy j`jtjatck j`tl fjgjtary&stygc krjggs

[ecy prlircssck tecrcadtcr tl tec ÂD tcme`jmag sbjggs

]uppgcfc`tjì tecsc fc`' tec wlfc` ld tec mlu`try c`tcrck tec ÂD

Xrlvjkjì agsl' akkjtjl` sbjggs u`kcr tec tjtgc ld tec YAAD.

[lictecr tecsc fc` a`k wlfa` j` agg wcatecrs

]crvjmck a`k faj`taj`ck agg typcs ld ajrmradt drlf Narraic Naggll`s' Nlfncrs tl

Djietcrs'

Ylrbjì tl agg elurs' nc j` Eaìars lr Ecatecrs

Yjte tec lmmasjlàg gjiet rcgjcd' ld fabjì drlf kjsmarkck martrjkic mascs mjiarcttc gjietcrs.

Kurjì tec Nattgc ld Nrjtaj` pcrjlk ld 1:;8

Yec` tec Gudtwaddc Eu`s ncmafc vcry eauiety

[ec ÂDs Irlu`k ]tadd pcrsl``cg ncjì j` dj`c dcttgcNcia` tl selw tecjr tcme`jmag fcttgc

^cpajrjì kafaick ajrmradt' fa``jì kcdc`mcs j`mgukjì Narraic Naggll`s

[l mausc tec Gudtwaddc ajr mrcws' sume a`xjcty at sjiet' tl c`tcr j`tl acrlàutjmag

swll`s

Agteluie slfc pcrsl``cg wc`t tl tec Fjkkgc Cast tl ml`drl`t tec Fjiet ld

^lffcgs Adrjma Blrps

Ltecr wc`t durtecr castwarks' tl J`kja' Elì Blì' a`k ]jìaplrc

[l mlfnat tec afnjtjl`s ld tec Oapa`csc [aàba dlgbglrc.

Fca`wejgc' j` Nrjtaj`' adtcr jts 1:;8 survjvag nattgc

[ec ÂDs Nlfncr Mlffa`k' flu`tck jts mafpaji` ld mausjì Icrfa`y tl rattgc

^cpajrjì' scrvjmjì' arfjì tec ÂDs Nlfncr fjiet

[ec Irlu`k ]tadd kajgy tljgck dlr came Lpcratjlàg `jiet.

Adtcr K&Kay j` Ou`c 1:;;

[ec ÂDs fc` a`k wlfc`' wcrc prlfj`c`t tl tec dlrc

J` tec mausc ld Drccjì agg tec Ml`tj`c`tag dlgbDrlf tec nrutag tyra``y ld tec @azj Icrfa` vlgb

Yjte tec c`kjì ld tec Curlpca` a`k Dar Castcr` wars j` tec ycar 1:;3Agg tec ÂDs fc` a`k wlfc` sj`mc 1:=:' wel eak rcfaj`ck agjvc

Fakc tecjr prcparatjl`s tl gcavc tec scrvjmc ld tec ÂD

[l rctur` tl mjvjgja` gjdc' wjte dl`k fcflrjcs ld fa`y a ]crvjmc iaddlr gauie.

]l' j` fcflry ld tec ÂDs Irlu`k ]tadd ld telsc `lw kjsta`t war ycars


11/30

Gct us rcfcfncr' telsc ld us wel dgcw[eat wjtelut tecjr tljg' swcat' swcars a`k tcars

@lt l`c ajrmradt wlugk eavc gcdt tec irlu`k tl slar j`tl tec nguc

As J b`lw l`gy tll wcgg' tejs tl nc truc

Ncmausc J' afl`ist ltecrs' was a dlrfcr ^ciugar Irlu`k ]tadd ^jiicr wel gatcr

ncmafc a fcfncr ld a Nlfncr Mlffa`k ajr mrcw.

Glujs Xatrjmb Yllgkrjkic' KDM'



Nlfncr Mlffa`k' @l. ; Irlup

1:;=&1:;;Agsl' cx&[cme`jmag' Faj`tc`a`mc'


1:=:&1:;4


12/30

Dlrcwlrk

]elrtgy adtcr tec @lrfa` Ml`qucst ld Cìga`k j` 1844' tec j`trlkumtjl` ld Merjstja`àfcs ny tec @lrfa`s mausck tec varjlus sjìugar Aìgl&]axl` àfcs j` usc at teat

tjfc' tl mlfc j`tl ic`crag usc as suràfcs' as suràfcs wcrc `lt j` usc j` cjtecr

Cìga`k lr ]mltga`k ncdlrc teat katc. Adtcr tec mustlfary usc ld tec Merjstja` àfcs

eak ncc` j`trlkumck ny tec @lrfa`s' lvcr tjfc jt ncmafc a syfnlg dlr a ic`tgcfa`

ld tec `lngc mgass tl eavc nut a sjìgc àfc.

J` ml`scquc`mc' suràfcs' as wc b`lw tecf tlkay' mafc tl nc b`lw` wjtej`

Curlpc nctwcc` tec cgcvc`te a`k djdtcc`te mc`turjcs %wjte varjatjl`s j` tec spcggjì ld

tec suràfc arjsjì terluie tec mc`turjcs* a`k tec pramtjmc aflìst agg pclpgc j`

Cìga`k ncmlfjì ic`crag kurjì tec rcji` ld Ckwark JJ' 1=89&1=>9. [ec suràfcswcrc ld dlur matcilrjcs2 glmag lntaj`ck drlf tec pgamc ld lrjij`' lmmupatjlàg

lntaj`ck drlf tec pcrsl`s trakc lr prldcssjl`' `jmbàfc lntaj`ck drlf tec

pcrsl`s typc ld mgltejì' mlfpgcxjl`' fc`tag lr peysjmag mearamtcrjstjms' a`k

patrl`yfjm lntaj`ck usjì tec Merjstja` àfc ld tec datecr as tec suràfc ld tec

mejgkrc`. Jt js plssjngc' tecrcdlrc' teat terluie tec passaic ld tjfc a`k varjatjl`s j`spccme' tec olj`t rcdcrc`mc tcrf usck tlwarks tec Aìgl&]axl` pclpgc' mgassck as

scrds ny tec @lrfa`s' kcrjvck drlf tec scrd àfc j`tl tec suràfc.

J` fckjcvag tjfcs' a` Csqujrc' gatcr kcrjvck tl ]qujrc a`k ld tec scrd mgass'

attc`kck l` tec pcrsl` ld a B`jiet' dlgglwjì ejf j`tl war ncarjì ejs b jiets

sejcgk wjte ejs mlat ld arfs' marjì dlr ejs arflur a`k ltecr `ccks. Ml`scquc`tgy' tecsqujrc eak tl nc vcry vcrsatjgc j` ejs kutjcs dlr wejme' j` tur`' ec rcmcjvck fa`y

prjvjgcics càngjì ejf tl cvc`tuaggy a`tjmjpatc tec mlvctck kcircc ld b`jietellk

ncjì ncstlwck upl` ejfscgd' tecrcny agglwjì ejf tl eavc ejs lw` Mlat ld Arfs

wejme was tec j`sji`ja paj`tck l` ejs sejcgk a`k cfnrljkcrck l` ejs surmlat wlr`

lvcr ejs arflur' tec l`gy fctelk ld tec b jiets jkc`tjdjmatjl` tl ejs dlgglwcrs l` tec

nattgcdjcgk lr at tluràfc`ts.


13/30

1

[ec Cargy Zcars tl Ylrgk Yar J

]j`mc tjfc jffcflrjag' kjddcrc`mcs nctwcc` fa`bj`k eavc ncc` scttgck l` a`

j`kjvjkuag' mga`' trjnag lr àtjlàg nasjs ny dlrmc ld arfs' cjtecr ny ga`k lr sca nattgcs'

lr a mlfnjàtjl` ld nlte. J` ml`scquc`mc' wcapl`ry eas akva`mck terluielut tec

aics dlr aiircssjl` lr kcdc`sjvc purplscs j` nlte fjgjtary a`k àvag matcilrjcs. As arcsugt ld sume nattgcs' lr ld a` j`mjkc`t ml``cmtck wjte jt' tec arca ml`mcr`ck was

cjtecr àfck adtcr tec nattgc lr dlrcvcr gj`bck wjte jt' Faratel` a`k [radagiar' tl

qultc cxafpgcs.

Gyjì j` tec vagc ld tec ^jvcr [afc' dlrfck ny tec mlu`tjcs ld Zlrbsejrc'

Mecsejrc' Ga`masejrc a`k Kcrnysejrc' akolj`jì came ltecr j` teat arca' js tec tlw` ld]tagynrjkic' Mecsejrc' fy elfc tlw`' sjtuatck scvc` fjgcs cast ld Fa`mecstcr a`k`lw part ld tec Ircatcr Fa`mecstcr arca. [ec tlw` `cstgcs at tec dllt ld tec wcst sjkc

ld tec Xc``j`cs' a meaj` ld ejggs terluie wejme passcs' ny way ld tu``cgs' tec Gccks

a`k Eukkcrsdjcgk tl Fa`mecstcr maàg gj`bjì up wjte tec Fa`mecstcr ]ejp Maàg

`carcr tl Fa`mecstcr' a`k tec Gjvcrpllg' Fa`mecstcr tl Zlrbsejrc arca faj`gj`c

rajgway.[ec cargjcst b`lw` scttgcfc`t j` tec ]tagynrjkic arca was ny a` a`mjc`t Mcgtjm

trjnc b`lw` as tec Nrjia`tcs' dlgglwck ny tec ^lfa`s wel nujgt scvcrag rlaks j` tec

arca drlf Fa`mu`juf %Fa`mecstcr* tl Cnuramuf %Zlrb* ny way ld tec Xc``j`c Ejggs.

L`c ld tecsc rlaks j` ]tagynrjkic' `lw àfck ]tagcy ]trcct' mrlsscs tec ^jvcr [afc

at ]tagcy' a dlrfcr dlrkjì plj`t j` tec tlw`. [ec tlw`' elwcvcr' klcs `lt kcrjvc jts

àfc drlf tejs nut drlf a gatcr lmmasjl`' j` anlut 1=15' wec` a` a`mjc`t @lrfa`dafjgy ny tec àfc ld ]tavcgcy rcsjkck j` tec Fa`lr Elusc ld tec arca. [ec lrjij` ld

tec àfc ]tavcgcy js statck as ncjì a mlfnjàtjl` ld tec wlrks ]tavc' fca`jì a

stavc lr stadd' a`k Gcy fca`jì a pasturc lr lpc` irlu`k. [ec mlu`try at teat tjfc'

ncjì travcrsck ny rluie trambs maggck gcys a`k ncjì farbck ny sjietjì gj`cs

maggck stavcs' a`mjc`t rlaks' ml`scquc`tgy ncmafc b`lw` as stavcgcys. [ec wlrk

gcy' prl`lu`mck gay' js agsl ld mlfparangc sjfjgarjty wjte tec Mej`csc wlrk gj'

prl`lu`mck gay j` tec Ma`tl`csc kjagcmt wejme rcdcrs tl a fcasurc ld kjsta`mc cquagtl l`c&tejrk ld a` Cìgjse fjgc. Zjì&gay' j` Ma`tl`csc kjagcmt' js tec cqujvagc`t

tra`sgatjl` ld a` Cìgjse Fjgc. Agteluie tec àfc ]tavcgcy' as prcvjlusgy statck' js ld

a`mjc`t @lrfa` lrjij`' J fjiet akk' at tejs plj`t' teat fy lw` suràfc lrjijàtcs

drlf tec prc&@lrfa` pcrjlk as jt js kcrjvck drlf tec Aìgl&]axl` àfc ld Yugdrjm'

fca`jì Ylgd Fastcr lr Ylgd ûgcr.J` gatcr tjfcs' @lvcfncr 19;3 tl nc prcmjsc' ]tagynrjkic a`k tec Fa`mecstcr arca

j` ic`crag was vjsjtck ny tec ]mlttjse arfy ld Meargcs Ckwark ]tuart' b`lw` as

Nl``jc Xrj`mc Meargjc' kurjì tec cra ld tec scml`k Oamlnjtc rcncggjl` aiaj`st tec rugc

ld Cìga`ks Bjì Iclric ld Ea`lvcr' Icrfa`y. A garic ùfncr ld glmag rcsjkc`ts

%anlut twl eu`krck* ncmafc rcmrujts ld tec ]mlttjse arfy' a`k wcrc b`lw` as tecFa`mecstcr ^cijfc`t. Jt js `lt b`lw`' elwcvcr' jd tecrc js a`y ml``cmtjl` nctwcc`

tec prcsc`t kay Fa`mecstcr ^cijfc`t a`k tec Fa`mecstcr ^cijfc`t ld teat pcrjlk.

J` flrc kjrcmt rcgatjl` wjte fartjag ml``cmtjl`s' elwcvcr' ]tagynrjkic ma` nc

qultck as ncjì tec lrjij` ld teat flst daflus ld agg war slìs' Jts a Glì Yay tl


14/30

[jppcrary' j` as fume teat l` =8te Oaùary 1:1> at tec Ira`k [ecatrc' Mlrplratjl`]trcct' ]tagynrjkic' Mecsejrc' tec slì was wrjttc` a`k suì ny a fa` àfck Oamb

Oukic as a rcsugt ld a djvc sejggjì waicr. [ec slì kjk `lt iaj` plpugarjty at teat tjfc

nut iaj`ck davlur gatcr kurjì tec 1:1;&15 war wec` jt was suì ny tec Nrjtjse a`k

Aggjck trllps wejgst l` tec farme terluielut Dra`mc a`k Ncgijuf.

Adtcr Ougy 1:8:' wec` Drc`me avjatlr' Glujs Ngrjlt' dgcw amrlss tec CìgjseMea``cg j` ejs typc UJ acrlpga`c' mjvjgja` vjcws l` Nrjtaj`s jslgatjl` a`k kcdc`mcs

ncjì welggy prltcmtck ny tec sca narrjcr was agtcrck' agteluie tecy kjk `lt addcmt tec

nglatck kcdc`sc vjcws ld tec rcspcmtjvc Arfy a`k @avy mejcds. Agteluie naggll` a`k

ajrsejp prliraffcs wcrc ml`tjùck' `l klunt tl mlu`tcrnaga`mc tec strumturc sct up j`

155; ny tec Icrfa`s wec` tecy mrcatck tec Gudtsmejddcr Kctamefc`t %Gjietcr a`k

Ajr* ld tec Cjsc`nae`truppc %rajgway trllps*' a Kjrjijngc Nattagjl` j` 1:81 u`kcr Irad

%Mlu`t* Dcrkjà`k vl` _cppcgj`' a Ic`crag ]tadd [cme`jmag ]cmtjl` j` Lmtlncr 1:85u`kcr Eauptfa`` [elfsc`' Ic`crag Crjme Gukc`klrdd' Faolr Irau a`k Eauptfa``

kc gc ^lj' `l du`ks wcrc fakc avajgangc dlr acrlpga`c %ecavjcr&tea`&ajr* kcvcglpfc`t.

[ercc ^lyag djcgk artjggcry lddjmcrs' elwcvcr' Maptaj`s Ncrtraf Kjmbsl` a`k O.

K. N. Dugtl`' wjte Gjcutcà`t K. G. Ijnns' gcar`t tl dgy acrlpga`cs j` a prjvatc

mapamjty' agteluie tec Yar Lddjmc at teat tjfc kjk agglw arfy lddjmcrs tl eavc dgyjì

gcssl`s' jd tecy sl kcsjrck' tl cèa`mc tecjr lrjijàg arfy du`mtjl`' j.c.'

rcml`àjssa`mc' artjggcry splttjì' ctm.' ratecr tea` pcrdlrf a spcmjagjst du`mtjl` sume

as a djietjì lr nlfnjì rlgc. Kjmbsl` gatcr gcdt tec Arfy tl olj` tec Nrjtjse a`k

Mlgl`jag Acrlpga`c Mlfpa`y %gatcr b`lw` as tec Nrjstlg Acrlpga`c Mlfpa`y* a`k

arraìck dlr slfc ld tec mlfpa`ys ajrmradt tl tabc part j` tec arfy fa`lcuvrcs ld

1:18.

J` Ougy 1:18' elwcvcr' kuc tl tec El`. ]. M. ^lggs ncjì bjggck j` a dgyjìammjkc`t kurjì a` ajr kjspgay at Nlur`cflute' tec Yar Lddjmc statck teat tecy wcrc

kjsml`tjùjì tec pramtjmc ld arfy lddjmcrs ncjì ijvc` dgyjì gcssl`s' agteluie tecy

wlugk `lt prcvc`t arfy lddjmcrs drlf gcar`jì tl dgy acrlpga`cs at tecjr lw` cxpc`sc.

As a rcsugt' arfy lddjmcrs wel mlugk addlrk dgyjì gcssl`s' a`k flst ld tecf wcrc

angc tl kl sl kuc tl tecjr rcspcmtjvc parc`tag djà`mjag nambirlu`ks' gcar`t tl dgyacrlpga`cs j` a prjvatc mapamjty. A`ltecr lutmlfc ld tec ajr kjspgay traicky was teat

tec ajrmradt seck at Garbejgg' ]agjsnury Xgaj`' lw`ck ny tec Yar Lddjmc' was assji`ck

tl Maptaj` O. K. N. Dugtl` a`k ncmafc ejs prlpcrty.

L` 1st Aprjg 1:11' tec ajr nattagjl` ld tec ^lyag Cìj`ccrs mafc j`tl cddcmt wjte

tec j`jtjag cqujpfc`t ld l`c Ngcrjlr' l`c Yrjiet' l`c Darfa`' l`c Xaugeaf a`k l`cDareaf Cxpcrjfc`tag [ypc 1 acrlpga`c. J` mearic ld tec nattagjl` was Faolr ]jrAgcxa`kcr Na``crfa`' wjte Maptaj` C. F. Fajtga`k j` mearic ld @l. 1 Mlfpa`y

%Ajrsejps* a`k Maptaj` O. K. N. Dugtl` j` mearic ld @l. > Mlfpa`y %Acrlpga`cs*. [ec

tltag strcìte ld tec nattagjl` was dlurtcc` lddjmcrs a`k anlut twl eu`krck ltecr ra`bs

tl tabc ml`trlg ld tec irlwjì ùfncr ld a ajrsejps a`k acrlpga`cs ncjì

faùdamturck a`k agglmatck tl tec twl scrvjmcs' tec ^lyag Arfy a`k tec ^lyag @avy.[ec Arfys djrst ajrsejp' nujgt j` 1:89 a`k kcsji`ck ny Mlgl`cg O. G. N. [cfpgcr'

was àfck tec@uggj ]cmu`kus adtcr a ramcelrsc lw`ck ny tec tec` rcji`jì flàrme'

Bjì Ckwark TJJ. [ec ajrsejp was 1>> dcct glì' ny >3 dcct kjafctcr a`k plwcrck nytwl Drc`me ;8ep A`tlj`cttc cìj`cs. Mlgl`cg [cfpgcr' tec` j` mearic ld tec Naggll`

]mellg at Agkcrselt' Eafpsejrc' was dlrfcrgy tec Lddjmcr&j`&Mearic ld tec Arfys

naggll` kctamefc`t j` ]lute Adrjma kurjì tec Nlcr Yar at tec ncij``jì ld tectwc`tjcte mc`tury' wec` naggll`s wcrc djrst usck ny tec Nrjtjse dlrmcs kurjì wardarc

as lnscrvatjl` cqujpfc`t. J` ml`trast' tec ^lyag @avys djrst ajrsejp' nujgt j` 1:11 at


15/30


16/30

surflu`tck ny a mrlw`' wjte a` caigcs wjìs lutstrctmeck. Jt js mlfparangc tl `ltc'at tejs plj`t teat l`gy tec @avy pjglts wjìs' wlr` l` tec glwcr arf arca ld tec

u`jdlrf oambct sgccvc anlvc tec ra`b j`sji`ja rjìs' js kcdj`ck as ncjì teat ld a`

caigc wejgst tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.' gatcr ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc pjglts wjìs cfngcf'

wcrc `lt sl kcdj`ck.

Agteluie `l kcdj`jtjl` j` telsc cargy kays ld avjatjl` was ijvc` as tl tecquagjdjmatjl`s ld a` cddjmjc`t djrst mgass pjglt' tec dgyjì mapanjgjtjcs tcst ld tec ^lyagAcrl Mgun' at teat pcrjlk ld tjfc' mlfprjsck ld twl dgjiets ld a djiurc ld cjiet mjrmujt

arlu`k plsts 388 fctrcs apart wejgc' at tec safc tjfc' faj`taj`jì a ecjiet ld 38

fctrcs %anlut 148 dcct*' a`k twl splt ga`kjìs wjtelut cìj`c plwcr wjtej` 38 fctrcs

kjsta`mc ld a plj`t j`kjmatck ny tec spcmjdjck cxafj`cr' `lrfaggy suddjmck dlr tec

purplscs ld tec quagjdjmatjl` tcst. J` cargy 1:14' elwcvcr' rcqujrcfc`ts ld at gcast

djdtcc` elurs slgl j` tec ajr' eavjì mlfpgctck a mrlss&mlu`try dgjiet ld sjxty fjgcs lrflrc' wjte twl j`tcrfckjatc ga`kjìs a`k twl `jiet ga`kjìs' wcrc `cmcssary dlr tec

wjìs tl nc awarkck.

J` Fay 1:1;' @l. 1 ]quakrl` rcgj`qujseck jts ajrsejps tl tec @avag Yjìs ld tec

^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. tl ncmlfc a` acrlpga`c squakrl`. J` Ou`c 1:1;' tec ^DM ecgk a

fcctjì at @ctecravl`' at wejme @ls. >' =' ;' 3 a`k 4' tec gattcr `lt yct at dugg

mlfpgcfc`t' wcrc j` attc`ka`mc. Kuc tl jts rcmc`t meaìclvcr a`k tec rcgcva`t

prlmcss ld ml`vcrtjì tl ecavjcr&tea`&ajr ajrmradt' @l. 1 ]quakrl` kjk `lt attc`k'

`cjtecr kjk @l. 9 ]quakrl` wejme was j` prlmcss ld dlrfatjl` at Dar`nlrluie.

L` 1st Ougy 1:1;' kuc tl ml`tjùag drjmtjl` nctwcc` tec Fjgjtary a`k @avag wjìs

ld tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.' tec @avag Yjì' welsc dgyjì smellg was at Castmeurme

a`k wel agways prcdcrrck tec tjtgc ^lyag @avag Ajr ]crvjmc tl teat ld ^DM @avag

Yjì' lddjmjaggy ncmafc part ld tec ^lyag @avy a`k was teus' ec`mcdlrte' b`lw` nyteat tjtgc. [ec ^@A]' elwcvcr' kjk `lt rcmcjvc tecjr lddjmjag dgjiets' squakrl`s' wjìs'

ctm. at teat tjfc' nut eak tl wajt u`tjg adtcr tec lutnrcab ld tec 1:1;&15 war ncdlrc

rcmcjvjì safc. Anlut tercc wccbs gatcr' elwcvcr' at tec ^lyag @avys ]pjtecak

^cvjcw' tec dugg kcpglyfc`t strcìte ld tec ^@A] was kjspgayck? scvc`tcc`

scapga`cs' twl dgjiets ld ga`k acrlpga`cs a`k slfc ajrsejps' j`mgukjì telsc ld tecdlrfcr @l. 1 ]quakrl` ^DM Fjgjtary Yjì.

L` ;te Auiust 1:1;' l` tec lutnrcab ld tec 1:1;&15 war' tec ^DM Fjgjtary Yjì

fakc prcparatjl`s dlr prlmcckjì tl Dra`mc. Yejgst tec nugb ld tec irlu`k stadd

pcrsl``cg cfnarbck ny traj` a`k nlat dlr Dra`mc tl prcparc djcgk ga`kjì irlu`ks dlr

tec ^DM ajrmradt' tec rcfaj`kcr scrvjmck tec ajrmradt j` prcparatjl` dlr tec dgjiet tlDra`mc.

L` 1=te Auiust 1:1; at 85.>8af' tec djrst ajrmradt ld tec ^DM Fjgjtary Yjì

ga`kck `car Afjc`s' Dra`mc. Jt was a NC>A dglw` ny Gjcutcà`t E. K. Earvcy&Bcggy

ld @l. > ]quakrl`. Ltecr tea` tec ùfncr =;9 paj`tck l` jts rukkcr' jt nlrc `l ltecr

farbjìs tl kjstjìujse jt drlf a`y ltecr typc ld acrlpga`c a`k adtcr jts ga`kjì' tec

rcst ld tec squakrl`' aglì wjte @ls. = a`k ; ]quakrl`' agsl ga`kck tecrc. @l. 3]quakrl` arrjvck tec dlgglwjì kay.

L` 1:te Auiust 1:1;' tec djrst twl dgjiets ld tec war cxcmutck ny tec ^DM

Fjgjtary Yjì wcrc telsc ld a rcml`àjssa`mc àturc marrjck ny Maptaj` Oluncrt kc gaDcrtc j` a Ngcrjlt fl`lpga`c ld @l. = ]quakrl`' a`k ny Gjcutcà`t I. Y. Fappgctl`

j` a NC> njpga`c ld @l. ; ]quakrl`.

L` >>`k Auiust 1:1;' ]crica`t Faolr K. ]. Ojggjìs ld @l. > ]quakrl` ncmafctec djrst masuagty ld tec ^DM j` tec war' a`k prlnangy tec djrst cvcr j` tec wlrgk j` tejs

`cw kjfc`sjl` ld wardarc wec` ec sustaj`ck a` jòury as a rcsugt ld ncjì selt j` tec


17/30

gci ny irlu`k rjdgc djrc.Dgjiets ny tec varjlus typcs ld acrlpga`cs ncglìjì tl tec Aggjck mlu`trjcs ld

teat pcrjlk'& Nrjtaj`' Dra`mc' Ncgijuf' Jtagy a`k ûssja %Mzarjst*' j`cvjtangy fct wjte

telsc ld tec lpplsjì mc`trag plwcrs ld Icrfa`y' Austrl&Euìary a`k [urbcy. J`

ml`scquc`mc' tecsc drcquc`t fcctjìs j` ajrspamc lvcr tec varjlus nattgcdrl`ts a`k

nattgcgj`cs eak' cvc`tuaggy' tl rcsugt j` slfc fctelk ld a rcmli`jsangc dcaturc l` tecrcspcmtjvc ajrmradt j` lrkcr tl kjstjìujse drjc`k drlf dlc. Tarjlus fctelks ld ajrmradtjkc`tjdjmatjl` farbs wcrc paj`tck l` tec ajrmradt j` a` attcfpt tl slgvc tec prlngcf.

[ec Nrjtjse paj`tck tec S`jl` dgai l` tec u`kcr surdamc ld tec glwcr faj`pga`c

wjìs. Agteluie jt prlvjkck casy jkc`tjdjmatjl` at glw ecjiets' at ejie agtjtukcs'

elwcvcr' kuc tl tec nguc ld tec S`jl` dgai fcrijì wjte tec nguc ld tec sby' l`gy tec

mrlss ld tec dgai was kjstjìujseangc a`k telsc lnvjlusgy ncmafc ml`dusck wjte tec

Fagtcsc Mrlss&typc cfngcf usck ny tec Icrfa` ajrmradt' wjte kjsastrlus rcsugts dlrtec Nrjtjse.

J` Lmtlncr 1:1;' elwcvcr' tec Drc`me Ajr Dlrmc slgvck tec prlngcf ny

ml`mcjvjì tec systcf ld ml`mc`trjm mjrmgcs ld tec rck' wejtc a`k nguc mlglurs ld tecjr

@atjlàg dgai' tec trjmlglur ncjì paj`tck l` tec uppcr a`k glwcr faj`pga`cs ld tecjr

rcspcmtjvc ajrmradt' a`k l` tec sjkcs a`k tagg surdamcs ld tecjr ajrsejps. [ec Nrjtjse

aklptck tec safc systcf' nut j` tecjr masc wjte tec mlglurs rcvcrsck' teat js' tec rck j`

tec mc`trc' tec` wejtc' wjte nguc dlrfjì tec lutcr mjrmgc. [ec Ncgija`s agsl aklptck

tec systcf wjte tecjr @atjlàg mlglurs' tec trjmlglur ld ngamb' ilgk a`k rck. Gjbcwjsc'

tec Jtagja`s' wjte tecjr trjmlglur ld rck' wejtc a`k ircc`. Mzarjst ûssjas@atjlàg dgai

was tec Mrlss ld ]t Fjmeacg' a nguc mrlss kjailàggy amrlss a wejtc nambirlu`k' tec

rcvcrsc ld tec @atjlàg dgai ld ]mltga`k.

J` akkjtjl` tl tec tarict mjrmgcs' as tecy wcrc gatcr tl ncmlfc b`lw`' tec ^lyagDgyjì Mlrps. rctaj`ck a fj`jaturc S`jl` dgai paj`tck nctwcc` tec mjrmgcs a`k tec

wjì tjps' a`k l` tec rukkcr surdamc. [ec ^lyag @avag Ajr ]crvjmc' elwcvcr' l`gy

farbck tecjr ajrmradt wjte l`c rck rjì' aglì wjte tec S`jl` dgai.

J` Fay 1:13' tec S`jl` dgai l` tec rukkcr was rcpgamck ny vcrtjmag rck' wejtc

a`k nguc strjpcs paj`tck tecrcl`. [ejs meaìc was dlgglwck a fl`te gatcr ny tec tarictrlu`kcgs ncjì paj`tck l` came sjkc ld tec duscgaic ld came ajrmradt' a`k tec S`jl`

dgai ncjì anlgjseck drlf tec glwcr faj`pga`c wjìs.

J` ]cptcfncr 1:13' apprlxjfatcgy cjietcc` fl`tes adtcr tec j`trlkumtjl` ld tec

apprlvck ^DMs pjglts nakic' partgy nasck l` rcsc`tfc`t ld eavjì `l nakic ld

kjstj`mtjl` as avjatlrs' partgy kuc tl searjì tec safc eazarks as telsc ld tec pjglts' anakic was j`trlkumck dlr mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrs dgyjì j` ajrmradt j` a` lnscrvcrsmapamjty. [ec nakic' j`trlkumck u`kcr Arfy Lrkcr @l. =>9 dlr lddjmcrs gjstck as

quagjdjck lnscrvcrs' ml`sjstck ld tec gcttcr L attameck tl a eagd&wjì ld dlurtcc`

dcatecrs a`k was fakc ld sjfjgar fatcrjag tl teat ld tec lddjmjag p jglts nakic. Gatcr

teat ycar j` @lvcfncr' Arfy Lrkcr @l. ;8; autelrjsck tec wcarjì ld tec lnscrvcr&

typc nakic tl warra`t lddjmcrs' ltecr `l`&mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrs' a`k fc` quagjdjck tlwcar tec nakic.

Gjbc jts mlu`tcrpart' tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.' at tec lutnrcab ld tec war' tec

^lyag @avag Ajr ]crvjmc was cqujppck wjte ajrsejps. [ec scvc` ajrsejps ld tec `l`&rjijk typc ld tec @avag ]crvjmc wcrc gatcr auifc`tck ny a fass prlkumck&typc ajrsejp

ld tec ]ca ]mlut %]] sejp* varjcty u`kcr tec tjtgc kcsji` ld N&Gjfp. [ejs typc ld

ajrsejp was usck dlr smlutjì a`k csmlrt kutjcs at sca' a`k tec tcrf ngjfp was statcktl lrjijàtc drlf tec kcsji` tjtgc ld tejs ajrsejp. A flrc autec`tjm cxpgaàtjl` dlr tec

tcrf js sajk tl kcrjvc drlf tec vcrsjl` rcdcrrjì tl a Gjcutcà`t A. K. Mu``jìeaf'


18/30

^@' wel jàkvcrtc`tgy tappck tec taut sbj` ld a ]ca ]mlut ajrsejp' rcsugtjì j` a glukngjfp&gjbc `ljsc rcslu`kjì drlf tec ajrsejps tjiet c`vcglpc mlvcrjì' teus ijvjì

rjsc tl tec tcrf dlr tecsc ajrsejps. [ec tcrf js stjgg j` usc tlkay dlr tejs typc ld ajrsejp.

Gatcr j` tec war' ltecr tea` rctaj`jì ml`trlg lvcr a dcw ajrsejps' rcspl`sjnjgjty dlr tec

rlgc ld ml`kumtjì tec war wjte ajrsejps was tra`sdcrrck drlf tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.

tl tec ^lyag @avag Ajr ]crvjmc.At djrst' tec c`mlu`tcrs ny lpplsjì pjglts a`k tecjr rcspcmtjvc ajrmradt' wejme

wcrc uàrfck a`k usck dlr lnscrvatjl` a`k smlutjì purplscs' rcsugtck j` a fckjcvag

sc`sc ld mejvagry kcvcglpjì nctwcc` tecf j` tec dlrf ld cxmeaìjì ea`k wavc

amb`lwgckicfc`ts. [ejs mlkc ld mejvagry was cxtc`kck cvc` wec` nlte sjkcs

kcvcglpck tecjr ajrmradt dlr lddc`sjvc a`k kcdc`sjvc purplscs' wejme j`vlgvck tec

marrjaic a`k usc ld nrjmbs' rlpc a`k irappgjì ellbs dlr prlpcggcr c`taìgcfc`t' stccg

karts' ircàkcs' rjdgcs a`k pjstlgs. J` tec gattcr' a Faolr ^lncrt Nrllbc&Xlpeaf drlftec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. %gatcr Ajr Mejcd&Farseag ]jr ^lncrt Nrllbc&Xlpeaf'

Mlffa`kcr&j`&Mejcd' Dar Cast Ajr Dlrmcs' Fagaya j` 1:;1 kurjì Ylrgk Yar JJ*

ncmafc tec djrst pcrsl` tl djrc a djrcarfs wcapl`' àfcgy a pjstlg' drlf a` ajrnlr`c

ajrmradt.

L` 1st Aprjg 1:13' tec smjc`mc ld acrjag wardarc gcapt aecak wec` ^lga`k Iarrls'

a pjglt j` tec Drc`me Ajr Dlrmc' GAvjatjl` Fjgjtajrc %gatcr tec Gc Arfcc kc gc Ajr*'

j`vc`tck a prjfjtjvc typc ld j`tcrruptcr icar dlr a famej`c iu` wejme ec eak flu`tck

j` drl`t ld ejs mlmbpjt' damjì a`k djrjì elrjzl`taggy dlrwarks terluie tec kjsm ld tec

twl&ngakck prlpcggcr.

[ejs prjfjtjvc j`tcrruptcr icar ml`sjstck ld trjaìugar stccg pgatcs nlgtck tl tec

j`sjkc surdamc ld tec prlpcggcr ngakcs j` gj`c wjte tec traocmtlry ld tec famej`c iu`

nuggcts. [ec nuggcts u`dlrtuàtcgy strumb tec fctag pgatcs2 wjte illk gumb tecyrjmlmectck earfgcssgy drlf tec pgatcs lut j`tl spamc' wejgst telsc ld nak gumb mlugk

namb&djrc l`tl tec djrcr mausjì slfc strumturag kafaic tl tec ajrmradt. Apparc`tgy' tec

jkca wlrbck summcssduggy c`luie' wjte lr wjtelut kafaic mausck tl tec djttck ajrmradt'

dlr Iarrls tl mausc tec Icrfa` ajrmradt pjglts ml`mcr` l` sjietjì ejs sjìgc&scatcr'

Drc`me Flraj`c&]aug`jcr smlut fl`lpga`c apprlamejì tecf dlr mlfnat.Xrjlr tl tec Drc`me j`vc`tjl` ny ^lga`k Iarrls' ajrmradt wcrc' j` tec masc ld a

tramtlr&typc %puggjì* prlpcggcr' djttck cjtecr wjte a Tjmbcrs watcr&mllgck famej`c iu`

wjte ncgt dcck affu`jtjl`' lr a Gcwjs famej`c iu` wjte affu`jtjl` ml`taj`ck j` a

rlu`k fctag ml`taj`cr b`lw` as a pa`. [ec iu`s wcrc flu`tck l` tlp ld tec uppcr

faj`pga`c ld tec njpga`c' oust j` drl`t ld tec pjglt' a`k djttck tl a sglttck nar flu`tjìtl agglw ammcss dlr iu` stlppaics a`k rcglakjì purplscs ny sgjkjì tec iu` l` tec

nar drlf tec uppcr faj`pga`c klw` tlwarks tec pjglt j` tec mlmbpjt ld tec ajrmradt. J`

tec masc ld twl&scatcr djietcr tramtlr ajrmradt' a glì tunc&gjbc flu`tjì djttck tl tec

rcar mlmbpjt càngck mlvcrjì djrc tl tec rcar a`k nlte sjkcs ld tec ajrmradt. J` rcspcmt

ld tec pusecr&typc ajrmradt %rcar flu`tck cìj`c a`k prlpcggcr*' tec iu`s wcrc djttck tl

tec lpc` mlmbpjt at tec drl`t ld tec ajrmradt. Nlfncr ajrmradt eak sjfjgar typc kcdc`sjvcflu`tjìs at varjlus lpc` iu` plsjtjl`s ld tec ajrmradt.

^car flu`tck cìj`c a`k prlpcggcr&typc ajrmradt mausck prlngcfs wjte rciark tl

ncgt&dck famej`c iu`s ny tec cocmtck martrjkics ncjì dlrmck namb j`tl tec prlpcggcrkjsm as a rcsugt ld tec sgjpstrcaf mausck ny tec dlrwark flvcfc`t ld tec ajrmradt

terluie tec ajr. [ec kafaic mausck tl tec prlpcggcr a`k cìj`c ldtc` rcsugtck j`

dlrmck ajrmradt ga`kjìs' slfctjfcs j` drjc`kgy' at ltecr tjfcs j` c`cfy&ecgk tcrrjtlry.[ec Gcwjs&typc famej`c iu`' elwcvcr' cgjfjàtck tejs prlngcf ny eavjì mlggcmtjl`

nais djttck tl tec iu`. [ec nais wcrc garic c`luie tl ml`taj` a qua`tjty ld cocmtck


19/30

martrjkic mascs' a`k flrc tea` was lrjijàggy ml`taj`ck j` tec rlu`ks ld affu`jtjl`j` tec affu`jtjl` pa`s.

Gatcr teat fl`te' elwcvcr' u`dlrtuàtcgy dlr tec Aggjcs a`k dlrtuàtcgy dlr tec

Icrfa`s' tec cìj`c ld Iarrlss fl`lpga`c dajgck adtcr ejs sjxte mlfnat c`mlu`tcr

a`k vjmtlry' rcsugtjì j` tec ajrmradt ncjì dlrmck tl ga`k ncej`k Icrfa`&ecgk

nattgcgj`cs. Iarrls was ml`scquc`tgy mapturck ncdlrc ec eak a mea`mc tl kcstrly ejsajrmradt djttck wjte tec fcmea`jsf ld ejs j`vc`tjl`.

[ec Icrfa`s' upl` rcagjsjì tec jfplrta`mc ld tec ajrmradts mapturc' ea`kck lvcr

tec famej`c tl a` A`tel`y Dlbbcr' nlr` j` Oava j` tec Kutme Cast J`kjcs a`k ld

Kutme parc`taic. Dlbbcr' wel eak stukjck acrlàutjms j` Icrfa`y' eak dlu`kck tec

ajrmradt faùdamturjì mlfpa`y ncarjì ejs àfc at ]mewcrj`' `car Ncrgj` j` 1:1>

a`k sj`mc tec mlffc`mcfc`t ld tec war j` 1:1;' eak nujgt djietcr ajrmradt dlr tec

Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc' as jt was b`lw`' at teat tjfc.Dlbbcr' at ejs ]mewcrj` damtlry' was pcrturnck at tec pltc`tjaggy kaìcrlus ejt

a`k fjss arraìcfc`t ld tec Iarrls j`vc`tjl`' sl kcsji`ck a`k prlkumck a` cddjmjc`t

fcmea`jmag' sy`merl`jsck kcvjmc teat agglwck a Xarancgguf famej`c iu` tl djrc

terluie tec prlpcggcr kjsm ld ejs `cw a`k u`trjck C1&typc %Cj`kcbbcr* fl`lpga`c.

Kcfl`stratjl` djrjì dlr tec Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc ic`crag stadd at a` ajrdjcgk j`

tec Ncrgj` arca rcvcagck teat tec wllkc` prlpcggcr ngakcs %twl* wcrc `lt cvc`

smratmeck as a rcsugt ld tec eu`krcks ld rlu`ks ld affu`jtjl` ncjì djrck rapjkgy j`tl

tec ajr a`k l` tec irlu`k.

[ec Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc pjglt melsc` tl dgy tec C1&typc fl`lpga`c a`k

tcst tec famej`c iu` sy`merl`jsck j`tcrruptcr icar j` mlfnat was a Gjcutcà`t

Lswagk Nlcgmbc' sl` ld a u`jvcrsjty prldcsslr j` tec vjggaic ld Ijcnjmec`stcj` j`

]axl`y' Icrfa`y a`k l`c ld a dafjgy ld sjx mejgkrc`. Gjcutcà`t Lswagk Nlcgmbc'lrjijàggy mlffjssjl`ck j` a Mlffu`jmatjl`s Kjvjsjl` j` 1:1>' gcar`t tl dgy at ejs

lw` cxpc`sc at tec Eagncrstakt Avjatjl` ]mellg `car ejs elfc. L` tec lutnrcab ld

war' ny mlj`mjkc`mc' Nlcgmbc was sc`t tl tec safc u`jt wecrc ejs nrltecr' Yjgecgf'

was agrcaky scrvjì as a` lnscrvcr. [ec u`jts ajrmradt wcrc uàrfck Agnatrlss twl&

scatcr lnscrvatjl` acrlpga`cs a`k' as a ml`scquc`mc' tec twl nrltecrs slfctjfcsdlrfck tec mrcw ld a` Agnatrlss ajrmradt.

Lswagk Nlcgmbc' wec` ml`drl`tck wjte rck tapc kjmtatlrjag autelrjty' vcry ldtc`

kjspgayck rcncg tc`kc`mjcs. [ecsc tc`kc`mjcs eak prcvjlusgy mlfc kjrcmtgy tl tec dlrc

wec` ec prltcstck lvcr tec kradtjì ld ejs nrltecr' Yjgecgf' drlf tec lnscrvatjl`

u`jt' kcspjtc assura`mcs teat tec flvcfc`t wlugk nc ma`mcggck. [ercatc`ck wjtejffckjatc irlu`kjì a`k kradtjì tl a` arfy u`jt tl ml`tjùc tec war drlf tectrc`mecs as a rcsugt ld ejs prltcsts' tec sjtuatjl` was savck dlr Nlcgmbc a`k tec ejiecr

autelrjtjcs wjtej` tec Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc wec` tec u`jts fckjmag lddjmcr

pgamck Nlcgmbc l` jffckjatc sjmb gcavc' teus tabjì tec ecat lut ld tec sjtuatjl` ny

rcflvjì Nlcgmbc drlf tec ml`drl`tatjl`.

Melsc` tl dgy tec C1&typc fl`lpga`c wjte jts Dlbbcr&typc famej`c iu`sy`merl`jsatjl` j`tcrruptcr icar' Nlcgmbc akfjrck tec kcsji` ld tec fl`lpga`c l` tec

irlu`k at Kluaj' Dra`mc. L` jfpugsc a`k wjtelut wajtjì dlr lddjmjag pcrfjssjl` tl

tcst dgy tec ajrmradt' ec fakc a` u`lddjmjag tcst dgjiet. L` tejs lmmasjl`' tejs nrcame lddgyjì kjsmjpgj`c was' dlrtuàtcgy' lvcrgllbck at tejs cargy staic ny ejs mlffa`kjì

lddjmcr kuc tl tec damt teat j` tec cargy kays ld tec war' tec Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc

`cckck agg avajgangc traj`ck a`k mlfnat&cxpcrjc`mck pjglts dlr lpcratjlàg kutjcs a`kgcakcrsejp. Nlcgmbc' at teat tjfc elgkcr ld tec Jrl` Mrlss ]cml`k Mgass' mlugk gay

mgajf j` rcspcmt ld nlte quagjtjcs. C`klrscfc`t ld tejs traj` ld teluiet was


20/30

strcìtec`ck wec` Nlcgmbc' adtcr ejs tejrk lddjmjag dgjiet j` tec `cw ajrmradt' wasmrckjtck wjte tec kcstrumtjl` ld a durtecr Aggjck ajrmradt. J` ml`scquc`mc' durtecr

sjfjgar typc acrlpga`cs wcrc cqujppck wjte tec `cw Dlbbcr famej`c iu`

sy`merl`jsck j`tcrruptcr icar kcvjmc.

[ec `cxt pjglt ld tec Jfpcrjag Icrfa` Ajr Dlrmc tl lntaj` l`c ld tecsc ajrmradt

was a Gjcutcà`t Fax Jffcgfa``' welsc àfc was gatcr tl ncmlfc wcgg&b`lw` tlduturc avjatlrs l` twl ammlu`ts. Djrstgy' j`kcpc`kc`tgy a`k agsl j` mlòu`mtjl` wjteNlcgmbc' nlte avjatlrs ncmafc `ltck tl tec Aggjck dgjcrs j` Ylrgk Yar J dlr tecjr

mlfnat vjmtlrjcs' ncjì tcrfck Icrfa` Amcs. [ec tcrf Amc' elwcvcr' was djrst

rcdcrrck tl ny a Drc`me `cwspapcr tl kc`ltc a pjglt wel eak amejcvck `ltangc

pcrslàg summcss l` tec kcstrumtjl` ld c`cfy ajrmradt as a rcsugt ld acrjag mlfnat2 djvc

dlr Drc`me' Jtagja`' Ncgija` a`k Afcrjma`' tc` dlr Icrfa`s. [ec Nrjtjse kjk `lt

supplrt tec tcrf. ]cml`kgy' Jffcgfa`` iavc ejs àfc tl tec Jffcgfa`` [ur`' afa`lcuvrc ml`sjstjì ld a eagd gllp dlgglwck ny a eagd rlgg' wejme gcdt tec ajrmradt l`

a rcmjprlmag mlursc a`k at a ircatcr agtjtukc tl teat ncjì prcvjlusgy dglw`. [ec

fa`lcuvrc kcvjsck ny ejf was usck kurjì ejs acrjag mlfnats. Nlte Nlcgmbc a`k

Jffcgfa`` wcrc gatcr awarkck Icrfa`ys flst mlvctck fjgjtary kcmlratjl`' tec

Xlur gc Fcrjtc' ltecrwjsc b`lw` as tec Nguc Fax' adtcr lntaj`jì cjiet vjmtlrjcs

kurjì Ylrgk Yar J.

Anlut tejs tjfc' Nlcgmbc was prlfltck tl Eauptfa`` %Maptaj`* a`k ijvc`

mlffa`k ld a Oaikstaddcg %djietcr squakrl`*' tcrfck a Oasta dlr selrt rcdcrc`mc

purplscs' wjte tec drccklf tl lntaj` pjglts ld ejs lw` meljmc dlr tec squakrl`.

]jfugta`clusgy' tec Aggjcs kcvcglpck twl typcs ld ajrmradt wejme mlugk flrc tea`

cquag tec dgyjì mapanjgjtjcs ld tec Dlbbcr C1 Cj`kcbbcr fl`lpga`c. [ecsc ajrmradt

wcrc a Nrjtjse KE>' a sjìgc&scatcr pusecr&typc %rcar flu`tck cìj`c a`k prlpcggcr*smlut ajrmradt wjte a Gcwjs&typc iu` prlocmtjì drlf tec `lsc arca' a`k a Drc`me

@jcuplrt&typc 19 smlut ajrmradt. [ejs gattcr ajrmradt' dast' fa`lcuvrangc a`k wcgg&

arfck' was l`c ld tec flst plpugar a`k summcssdug ld Aggjck djietcr ajrmradt. Nlte

wcrc ld tec njpga`c&typc.

Cfpeasjs j` tejs rcspcmt was ml`djrfck wec` Nlcgmbc sustaj`ck tec wlrst ld a`c`mlu`tcr wjte a @jcuplrt&typc 19 smlut ajrmradt2 ec nrlbc ldd tec cìaicfc`t a`k

rctur`ck tl nasc tl asmcrtaj` tec cxtc`sjvc kafaic mausck tl ejs ajrmradt kurjì tec

c`mlu`tcr. ]elrtgy adtcrwarks' tec kcate ld Fax Jffcgfa`` was tec sunocmt ld slfc

ml`trlvcrsy. Jffcgfa``' mrckjtck wjte tec kcstrumtjl` ld sjxtcc` Aggjck ajrmradt

kurjì mlfnat' was bjggck cjtecr ny tec amtjl` ld Mlrplrag Yaggcr drlf tec ^lyagDgyjì Mlrps.' drl`t iu``cr ld a Nrjtjse DC>&typc ajrmradt drlf @l. >3 ]quakrl`' lrAggjck a`tj&ajrmradt djrc' lr ajrmradt strumturc dajgurc rcsugtjì j` tec ajrmradt daggjì

apart wec` a ngakc ldd tec prlpcggcr scvcrck a`k tec cìj`c tlrc gllsc drlf jts

flu`tjìs' rcsugtjì j` tec fagdu`mtjl` ld tec famej`c iu` sy`merl`jsatjl` icar. [ec

mlrrcmt mausc ld tec kcstrumtjl` ld tec C1 Cj`kcbbcr fl`lpga`c' elwcvcr' rcsts wjte

Jffcgfa`` wel' kuc tl ejs kcate at teat tjfc' was uàngc tl ijvc tec j`dlrfatjl`.As partjag prltcmtjl` dlr Nlcgmbc' at gcast u`tjg ec eak jfpartck ejs mlfnat

cxpcrjc`mcs tl ltecr squakrl` mlffa`kcrs l` ltecr drl`ts' tec Icrfa` Ejie

Mlffa`k smrcc`ck %rcgcasck* ejf drlf amtjvc lpcratjlàg kutjcs dlr tejs rcasl`.[ecsc cxpcrjc`mcs' wejme dlrfck a tcme`jquc ld ajr djietjì' ncmafc b`lw` as tec

Nlcgmbc Kjmta a`k was stjgg j` usc kurjì tec acrjag mlfnats ld Ylrgk Yar JJ. J` tec

mlursc ld ejs travcgs' Nlcgmbc vjsjtck tec Castcr` %ûssja`* Drl`t wecrc' usjì ejsdrccklf tl lntaj` pjglts ld ejs pcrslàg meljmc dlr ejs Oaikstaddcg' Nlcgmbc lntaj`ck

scvcrag pjglts' j`mgukjì àfcs sume as Nlefc' vl` Fuggcr' Ea`s Jffcgfa`` %mlusj`


21/30

ld tec kcmcasck Fax Jffcgfa``*' ^cjfa``' a`k gast nut `lt gcast' Fa`drck vl`^jmeteldc` wel gatcr ncmafc b`lw` as Narl` vl` ^jmeteldc`' lr tec ^ck Narl`' a`k

was tl amejcvc dafc as tec gcakcr ld tec ^jmeteldc` Mjrmus' a irlup ld Icrfa` djietcr

ajrmradt.

Xrjlr tl tec Nattgc ld tec ]lffc' Nlcgmbc rctur`ck tl lpcratjlàg dgyjì kutjcs

wjte ejs Oasta > l` tec Ycstcr` Drl`t' lpcratjì drlf tec Gai`jmlurt arca. A `cw typcld ajrmradt' tec Agnatrlss K scrjcs' a sjìgc&scatcr djietcr njpga`c' was agglmatck tl tecsquakrl`. [ejs njpga`c djietcr ajrmradt rcvcrsck tec acrjag suprcfamy j` davlur ld tec

Icrfa`s drlf tec Aggjcs @jcuplrt&typc 19 a`k KE> ajrmradt.

L` >4te Lmtlncr 1:14' elwcvcr' kurjì tec adtcr`ll` ld teat datcdug kay'

Nlcbmbc dgcw l` ejs gast lpcratjlàg kuty. Aglì wjte Nlefc a`k vl` ^jmeteldc`'

a`k tercc ltecr pjglts ld ejs Oaikstaddcg' wejgst lvcr tec Xlzjcrcs arca tecy lnscrvck

twl KE> ajrmradt drlf @l. >; ]quakrl`' a`k attambck tecf. Agflst jffckjatcgy'tecy wcrc assjstck j` tec attamb ny a durtecr sjx Icrfa` ajrmradt. J` tec c`sujì

klidjiet a`k mrlwkck ajrspamc' Nlcgmbc a`k Nlefc' nlte kjvjì l` tec safc Nrjtjse

ajrmradt nut drlf lpplsjtc kjrcmtjl`s' tecy nlte eak tl vjlgc`tgy agtcr mlursc tl avljk

mlggjkjì wjte vl` ^jmeteldc`' wel was mglscgy dlgglwjì tec ltecr Nrjtjse ajrmradt j`

tec fcgcc.

As a rcsugt ld tec vjlgc`t fa`lcuvrc' tec twl Agnatrlss ajrmradt ld Nlcgmbc a`k

Nlefc mlggjkck' mausjì Nlefcs ajrmradt u`kcrmarrjaic tl strjbc a`k sgjietgy tcar tec

wjì danrjm ld tec uppcr faj`pga`c ld tec njpga`c ajrmradt pjgltck ny Nlcgmbc.

Djietjì tl ml`trlg ejs kafaick ajrmradt a`k tec j`mrcasck turnugc`mc wjtej` tec tlr`

wjì' tec danrjm was strjppck ldd tec wjì wec` tec ajrmradt c`tcrck akoamc`t mgluk

dlrfatjl`s. L` gatcr appcara`mc ncglw tec mgluks' tec kafaick wjì ld Nlcgmbcs

ajrmradt was lnscrvck cjtecr scvcrck lr agflst scvcrck drlf tec faj` nlky %duscgaic*ld tec ajrmradt' rcsugtjì j` Nlcgmbc pguìjì ecgpgcssgy a`k agflst vcrtjmaggy tl ejs

kcate wjte tec ajrmradt. J` telsc cargy kays ld acrjag djietjì' parameutjì tl sadcty

drlf tec strjmbc` ajrmradt was `l`&cxjstc`t. [l el`lur tec fcflry ld Nlcgmbc' tec

Oasta > Oaikstaddcg was rcàfck Oasta Nlcgmbc a`k tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.' j` tecjr

tur`' krlppck a wrcate j`smrjnck tl ejs fcflry l` tec Icrfa` ajrdjcgk ml`mcr`ck.Fca`wejgc' as tec ecavjcr&tea`&ajr typc ajrmradt %acrlpga`c* ld tec lpplsjì

dlrmcs eak kcvcglpck drlf tec cargy kcsji` staics ld a Eaì&typc igjkcr ajrmradt' nujgt

ny a Icrfa` cìj`ccr àfck Lttl Gjgjc`teag j` 15:1' a`k tec plwcrck dgjiet ld

Yjgnur a`k Lrvjggc Yrjiets Dgycr njpga`c l` 19te Kcmcfncr 1:8=' at Bjtty Eawb'

@lrtecr` Marlgjà' S]A' sl kjk tec gjietcr&tea`&ajr typc ajrmradt kcvcglp drlf 195='wec` tec djrst naggll` fakc ny tec Drc`me nrltecrs' Olscpe a`k Ctjc``c Fl`tilgdjcr'tllb ldd j`tl tec ajr a`k fc` dgcw dlr tec djrst tjfc j`tl tec atflspecrc.

Fl`tilgdjcrs naggll` dgcw ny tec naggll`s c`vcglpc %lutcr mlvcrjì* ncjì

djggck wjte elt ajr' suppgjck ny fca`s ld a nrazjcr ny tec ajrmradt. [ec Fl`tilgdjcr

nrltecrs' elwcvcr' kjk `lt dgy tecjr lw` j`vc`tjl` as twl ltecr Drc`mefa`' tec

Farqujs kArga`kcs a`k Xjgatrc kc ^lzjcr eak teat el`lur.Gatcr typc naggll`s wcrc djggck wjte eykrlic` ias' wejme js ml`sjkcrangy gjietcr

tea` ajr2 dlr cxafpgc' a munjm fctrc ld eykrlic` wcjies 8.85bi mlfparck wjte teat ld

1.>=bi dlr a munjm fctrc ld ajr. [ecsc naggll`s' wejme wcrc at tec fcrmy ld a`ktravcggck aglì tec kjrcmtjl` ld tec prcvajgjì wj`k' wcrc kcsjiàtck drcc

%u`ml`trlggck* naggll`s dlr tejs rcasl`. A naggll` fllrck tl tec irlu`k ny rlpc lr

ltecr fca`s was tcrfck a maptjvc naggll`.Anlut tc` ycars adtcr tec j`vc`tjl` a`k djrst dgjiet ld tec naggll`' tec djrst usc ld a

maptjvc naggll` j` wardarc was fakc ny a Oca` Fcus`jcr' a Drc`me Ic`crag' l` >4te


22/30

Ou`c 19:;' at tec nattgc ld Dgcurus wec` ec asmc`kck j` sume a naggll` tl kjrcmtlpcratjl`s aiaj`st tec lpplsjì Austrja` dlrmcs. [ec appcara`mc ld tec naggll`

jfprcssck tec Austrja`s dlr j` a gatcr war' j` 15;:' wejgst ncsjcijì Tc`jmc tecy usck

drcc&typc naggll`s as a` cargy typc ld nlfncr ajrmradt ny cqujppjì tecf wjte a

twcgvc bjgliraf %anlut >4gn* nlfn' wejme was krlppck ny fca`s ld a tj`c dusc

rcgcasc drlf tec naggll`. Kuc tl tec naggll`s travcggjì ny fca`s ld tec prcvajgjìwj`k' a meaìc ld wj`k agsl fca`t teat tec nlfns mlugk nc rctur`ck tl tec lrjijàtlr'wejme slfctjfcs eappc`ck. Fctelks wcrc tecrcdlrc stukjck ny pcrsl`s ld varjlus

àtjlàgjtjcs tl rcflvc tejs eazark.

As a rcsugt' drlf tec drcc naggll` tecrc kcrjvck a gjietcr&tea`&ajr ajrmradt tcrfck

tec ajrsejp ld kjrjijngc %stccrangc* naggll`s. Agg typcs ld plwcr prlpugsjl`' j`mgukjì

stcaf a`k cgcmtrjm fltlrs' wcrc trjck tl iaj` dlrwark flfc`tuf aiaj`st strlì

ecakwj`ks nut `lt u`tjg 1553' wec` tec Icrfa` cìj`ccr' Ilttgjcn Kajfgcr' prlvjkcka rcgjangc fca`s ld plwcr slurmc aiaj`st tecsc wj`ks wjte tec kcvcglpfc`t ld tec

j`tcràg mlfnustjl` cìj`c' kjk rcag prlircss lmmur wjte àvjiangc naggll`s'

ltecrwjsc tcrfck ajrsejps. Ajrsejps wcrc ml`strumtck ld tercc typcs' `l`&rjijk' scfj&

rjijk a`k rjijk. [ec djrst twl typcs wcrc flstgy usck dlr lnscrvatjl` a`k csmlrt kutjcs'

wejgst tec gattcr typc' a flrc slgjk ml`strumtjl`' was usck dlr glì kjsta`mc nlfnjì

lpcratjl`s.

L`c ld tec dlrcflst kcsji`crs ld tec gattcr typc ld ajrsejp' wel iavc ejs àfc tl

sume a kcsji`' was Mlu`t Dcrkjà`k vl` _cppcgj` ld Yurttcfncri' welsc lrjijàg

_cppcgj` was nujgt anlut 1:88. A`ltecr `ltangc nujgkcr ld ajrsejps was tec ]meuttc&

Ga`z Mlfpa`y ld Icrfa`y. Nlte prlkumck ajrsejps kurjì tec 1:1;&15 war dlr

Icrfa`y a`k wcrc usck dlr tec purplsc ld nlfnjì rajks l` taricts j` Nrjtaj` kurjì

Ylrgk Yar J.L` 13te Fay 1:14' tl mlfnat tecsc _cppcgj` rajks aglì wjte ltecr squakrl`s

dlrfck dlr tejs purplsc j` tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps.' @l. 31 ]quakrl`' tcrfck a Elfc

Kcdc`mc squakrl`' was dlrfck at [ectdlrk' @lrdlgb' a`k wcrc cqujppck wjte DC> N

ajrmradt. [ec squakrl` was gatcr cqujppck wjte AT^L 38; a`k ]lpwjte Mafcg

ajrmradt.Anlut tejs tjfc' tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. j`stjtutck squakrl` farbjìs dlr tec

purplsc ld jkc`tjdyjì tec ajrmradt ld tec varjlus squakrl`s. [ec farbjìs' cxejnjtck

l` tec tlp a`k nlttlf ld nlte faj`pga`cs' a`k nlte sjkcs ld tec duscgaic' wcrc djrst

appgjck tl tec NC> M&typc ajrmradt' a`k gatcr tl tec varjlus ltecr typcs ld ajrmradt.

S`lddjmjag farbjìs' sume as mlglurck na``crs a`k strcafcrs' agsl ncia` tl appcar l`tec ajrmradt. [ecsc u`lddjmjag farbjìs wcrc usuaggy attameck tl tec lutcr wjì struts%kjsta`mc pjcmcs nctwcc` njpga`c wjìs* a`k rukkcr cxtrcfjtjcs. J` akkjtjl`' tec

j`kjvjkuag pjglt wlrc a sjfjgar strcafcr anlut tec rcijl` ld ejs `cmb lr ejs dgyjì

ecgfct a`k was dlr tec purplscs ld j`kjmatjì tec gcakcr ajrmradt ld tec squakrl`. [ec

u`lddjmjag farbjìs l` tec ajrmradt ml`mcr`ck agsl eak tec cddcmt' agteluie u`kcsjrck'

ld farbjì tec j`kjvjkuag ajrmradt' pjglt a`k mrcw dlr spcmjag attc`tjl` ny tec lpplsjìajr dlrmc.

Ml`scquc`tgy' tecrc was slfc drjc`kgy rjvagry aflìst tec varjlus ^lyag Dgyjì

Mlrps. squakrl`s tl lntaj` tec flst cfngcfs ld tecjr ajr vjmtlrjcs' nc jt tec prlpcggcr'tec ngamb a`k wejtc mlglurck Fagtcsc&typc mrlss ld tec kcstrlyck Icrfa` acrlpga`c

lr ajrsejp' tl kjspgay j` tec varjlus fcsscs ld tec squakrl`s. ]jfjgargy' tec Icrfa`s

j` tur`' kjspgayck tecjr cfngcfs' tec varjlus tarict rlu`kcgs a`k tajg farbjìs ld tecvarjlus ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. a`k ^lyag @avag Ajr ]crvjmc ajrmradt' a`k ltecr aggjck

ajrmradt' j` tecjr rcspcmtjvc Fcss.


23/30

Apart drlf tec amtjvjty lvcr tec Icrfa` Ycstcr` Drl`t' Bajscr Yjgecgf JJ' ascfpcrlr ld Icrfa`y' dlrnakc a`y _cppcgj` rajks l` Nrjtaj` ltecr tea` fjgjtary

taricts. [ec Icrfa` Ejie Mlffa`k ml`sjkcrck Gl`kl` jtscgd' as tec mapjtag mjty ld

Nrjtaj`' tl nc a gcijtjfatc fjgjtary tarict' nut tec cfpcrlr dlrnakc tejs agsl. Elwcvcr'

wec` Bargsruec eak ncc` nlfnck ny tec Drc`me a`k slfc mjvjgja`s wcrc bjggck as a

rcsugt' tec Bajscr rcgc`tck a`k iavc ejs ml`sc`t tl dugg smagc rajks l` Gl`kl`'prlvjkck ]t Xaugs Mateckrag' Ycstfj`stcr Anncy a`k ^lyag rcsjkc`mjcs %`l klunt làmmlu`t ld ejs pcrslàg rcgatjl`sejp wjte tec Nrjtjse ^lyag dafjgy* wcrc `lt attambck

kurjì tecsc rajks.

J` ml`scquc`mc' tec djrst ajrsejp attamb l` Nrjtaj` was fakc kurjì tec `jiet ld

1:te Oaùary 1:13' wec` tercc Icrfa` àvag _cppcgj`s arrjvck lvcr Cast Aìgja a`k

krlppck tecjr nlfns j`kjsmrjfjàtcgy' wjte gjttgc cddcmt j` tec arca. [ec `cxt _cppcgj`

rajk j`vlgvjì tec Icrfa` Arfy ajrsejp G_=5 tl rcame Nrjtaj` a`k cddcmtjvcgy mausckafaic was l` =1st Fay teat ycar' wec` tec _cppcgj` nlfnck tec Cast C`k ld

Gl`kl` mausjì anlut >8'888 ld kafaic. J` ]cptcfncr 1:13' Gl`kl` was aiaj`

nlfnck' tejs tjfc ny _cppcgj` G1=' pjgltck ny Ecj`rjme Fatey' welsc ajrsejp was tec

l`gy l`c ld tercc tl rcame tec arca smeckugck tl nc attambck' tec mc`trag arca ld tec

mjty' rcsugtjì j` twc`ty&twl pclpgc ncjì bjggck a`k lvcr eagd a fjggjl` plu`ks wlrte

ld kafaic mausck tl prlpcrty.

J` akkjtjl` tl Gl`kl`' ltecr mjtjcs a`k tlw`s j` Nrjtaj` wcrc agsl attambck ny

_cppcgj` rajks. [ecsc j`mgukck Ircat Zarflute' Glwcstldt' Eugg a`k ]u`kcrga`k.

Drlf j`dlrfatjl` gcar`t drlf fy parc`ts %`lw kcmcasck* adtcr tec tcrfjàtjl` ld tec

war' tec mrcw ld a _cppcgj` dgyjì lvcr Zlrbsejrc tlwarks Fa`mecstcr' a`k dlgglwjì

tec passaic ld a traj` travcggjì j` tec safc kjrcmtjl` ny fca`s ld tec djrc iglw drlf

tec glmlfltjvc wec` tec mrcw mlagck tec djrc' wcrc dljgck j` tecjr attcfpt tl rcameFa`mecstcr ny tec traj` mrcw stlppjì tec traj` j` ]ta`kckic [u``cg' lvcr a fjgc j`

gcìte' afjkst tec Xc``j`c Ejggs nctwcc` Zlrbsejrc' Ga`masejrc a`k Mecsejrc. [ec

_cppcgj` marrjck l` a`k apparc`tgy glst jts ncarjìs as jts nlfns' j` crrlr' wcrc

krlppck l` Nlgtl` a`k Ga`masejrc' sgjietgy `lrte drlf Fa`mecstcr.

[ec Icrfa`s' elwcvcr' kjk `lt eavc jt agg tecjr lw` way wjte tec _cppcgj`s asNrjtjse ajrmradt' j` tur`' rajkck tecjr nascs at Kusscgklrd a`k Drjckrjmeseadc` mausjì

kafaic. J` akkjtjl`' a Icrfa`y Arfy _cppcgj` G_=9 was kcstrlyck wejgst rctur`jì

tl nasc terluie dli ml`kjtjl`s' mausjì tec ana`kl`fc`t ld tec rajk' wec` jt was

lnscrvck ny Dgjiet ]un&Gjcutcà`t ^. A. O. Yar`cdlrk l` patrlg j` ejs ajrmradt' wel

c`tcrck j`tl mlfnat mausjì jts kcstrumtjl`. A`ltecr _cppcgj`' tec Icrfa` @avagG1>' wejgst attambjì Gl`kl`' was selt klw` ny a`tj&ajrmradt djrc. J` tec gattcrj`sta`mc' tec jfprlvck a`tj&ajrmradt iu` kcdc`mc mausck tec Icrfa`s tl jfprlvc tec

ecjiet lpcratjl` pcrdlrfa`mcs ld tecjr ajrsejps' rcsugtjì j` tecf attaj`jì ecjiets ld

anlut 15'888 dcct' drlf tecjr prcvjlus lpcratjlàg ecjiet ld anlut 1>'888 dcct. [ec

`cw lpcratjlàg ecjiet ld tec Icrfa` _cppcgj` was flrc tea` cquaggck ny tec ^lyag

Dgyjì Mlrps. Elfc Kcdc`mc squakrl`s ]lpwjte Mafcg djietcr ajrmradt welsclpcratjlàg ecjiet was slfctejì sjfjgar.

A`ltecr j`vc`tjl` tl ajk j` tec kcstrumtjl` ld tecsc _cppcgj`s was tec

j`trlkumtjl` ld tec cxpglsjvc nuggct j`tl tec affu`jtjl` ncgts a`k affu`jtjl` pa`s ldtec varjlus djietcr ajrmradt. [ecsc nuggcts' aglì wjte tec j`mc`kjary nuggcts djrck drlf

tec attambjì djietcr ajrmradt' wec` tecy strumb tec eykrlic` ias&djggck ajrsejps mausck

tecf tl crupt j`tl a euic nagg ld dgafc' pramtjmaggy ml`sufjì tec ajrsejps wjtej`scml`ks' `lt fjùtcs' a`k tec drafcwlrb tl numbgc a`k mlggapsc as tec ajrsejp

pguffctck cartewarks drlf tec sby. Glss ld gjdc drlf tecsc ngazjì j`dcr`ls was ejie


24/30

dlr agteluie parameutcs eak ncc` j` cxjstc`mc sj`mc 19:9' wec` tec djrst cvcrparameutc kcsmc`t was fakc ny a Drc`mefa`' A`krc Oamqucs Iar`crj`' drlf a

naggll`' a`k jfprlvck upl` u`tjg j` 1:1>' a parameutc kcsmc`t was fakc ny a pcrsl`

oufpjì drlf a` acrlpga`c' tec kjddjmugty damjì avjatlrs j` telsc cargy kays was tec

dlgkjì ld tec garic parameutc j`tl a pamb sfagg c`luie tl nc marrjck l` tec nlky

pcrslàggy' a`k tl eavc l`c eu`krck pcr mc`t lpc`jìs wec`cvcr tec parameutc rjp&mlrk was puggck drcc drlf tec pamb. Cvc` sl' l` tec prlvjsjl` ld parameutcs dlr tecmrcw' slfc ld tec _cppcgj` mlffa`kcrs rcdusck tl agglw tecf l` nlark kuc tl tec

cxtra wcjiet j`vlgvck' a`k as a _cppcgj` lpcratck ncttcr wec` strumturaggy gjietcr j`

rciark tl lntaj`jì ecjiet' tecy ml`scquc`tgy ml`sjkcrck parameutcs as a supcrdgulus

wcjiet glak. Xarameutcs' elwcvcr' wcrc jssuck tl Icrfa` djietcr pjglts' wejgst tec

^DM pjglts wcrc `lt sl cqujppck.

Yjrcgcss mlffu`jmatjl` nctwcc` tec _cppcgj`s a`k irlu`k nasc statjl`s'lrjijàggy lpcratck dlr tec purplscs ld assjstjì tec ajrsejp tl faj`taj` jts mlursc' agsl

u`j`tc`tjlàggy assjstck j` tec kcstrumtjl` ld slfc ld tec Icrfa` _cppcgj`s. Kuc tl

tec wjrcgcss sjiàgs ncjì angc tl nc pjmbck up cquaggy ny cjtecr sjkc' tec tra`sfjssjl`

sjiàgs càngc ncarjìs tl nc lntaj`ck l` tec lpcratlrs slurmc' rcsugtjì j`

j`tcrmcptjl` ny djietcr ajrmradt lr attc`tjl` ny a`tj&ajrmradt djrc. [ec Icrfa` Arfy

_cppcgj` G_99 was kcstrlyck ny sume tra`sfjssjl`s. Gatcr typc _cppcgj`s wcrc

cqujppck wjte kjrcmtjl` dj`kjì scts wejme' j` jtscgd' pjmbck up tec tra`sfjssjl`

sjiàgs drlf tec irlu`k nasc statjl`s' teus cgjfjàtjì a tra`sfjssjl` sjiàg drlf tec

ajrsejp ncjì fl`jtlrck.

J` Lmtlncr 1:14' a garic attamb ny cgcvc` _cppcgj`s lmmurrck. Mgjfnjì tl weat

was tec` ml`sjkcrck a ejie agtjtukc' lvcr 14'888 dcct' tl cvakc tec Nrjtjse kcdc`mc' tec

ajrsejps c`mlu`tcrck a strlì iagc&dlrmc wj`k. [ec wj`k smattcrck tec _cppcgj`s as arajkjì dlrmc' slfc ncjì nglw` lvcr Dra`mc' ltecrs cjtecr selt klw` lr fabjì

dlrmck ga`kjìs. L`c _cppcgj`' tec G;:' was dlrmck klw` ncej`k tec Aggjck gj`cs ld

tec Ycstcr` Drl`t' rcsugtjì j` tec mapturc ld tec u`kafaick ajrsejp a`k tec mrcw

suddcrjì ecjiet sjmb`css' flst prlnangy kuc tl gamb ld lxyic` as tec ejiecr tec

agtjtukc' tec gcss aflu`t ld lxyicàtck ajr tecrc js j` tec atflspecrc. Kurjì tec1:=:&;3 war' lxyic` cqujpfc`t was nrluiet j`tl usc l` attaj`jì tec ecjiet ld

18'888 dcct.

As a rcsugt ld tejs lpcratjlàg kjsastcr' tec Icrfa` Ejie Mlffa`k ml`mc`tratck

l` tec kcsji` a`k faùdamturc ld fugtj&cìj`ck acrlpga`cs agteluie' j` mlfparjsl`'

tecsc acrlpga`cs mlugk `lt cquag tec _cppcgj`s dlr glì raìc purplscs. [ec ajrsejpswcrc tec` flstgy tra`sdcrrck tl tec Icrfa` Castcr` Drl`t' mlvcrjì tec vast lpcàrcas ld ûssja` tcrrjtlry l` smlutjì a`k nlfnjì kutjcs dlr tec Icrfa` Arfy.

Agteluie tec Icrfa`s mrcatck tec Iltea nlfncr a`k tec ija`t&typc nlfncr wjte jts

dlur cìj`cs' tec kjstj`mtjl` ld kcsji`jì a`k dgyjì tec wlrgks djrst dlur&cìj`c

acrlpga`c dcgg tl Jilr Jva` ]jblrsby' a ûssja`' wel kjk sl j` 1:1=. ]jblrsby' adtcr

tec war' wc`t tl tec S`jtck ]tatcs ld Afcrjma wecrc ec dlrfck a` ajrmradt mlfpa`ynujgkjì dgyjì nlats' a`k tec`' gatcr j` 1:=:' nujgt ]jblrsby ecgjmlptcrs.

Fca`wejgc' as tec war prlircssck l` tec Ycstcr` Drl`t' wjte tec cxmcptjl` ld

Nrjtaj`s aggy j` tec Cast wejme was Oapa` attambjì a`k mapturjì Icrfa` j`tcrcst l`tec Mej`csc faj`ga`k' a`k tec Jfpcrjag Oapa`csc @avy patrlggjì tec scas a`k lmca`s

as dar as J`kja tl rcgjcvc tec Nrjtjse Dgcct ld tejs kuty' tec war kjk `lt prlircss

davlurangy dlr Nrjtaj`s ltecr aggy' Mzarjst ûssja' l` tec Castcr` Drl`t. L` 13te Farme 1:19' adtcr a scrjcs ld rcpcatck kcdcats ny tec Icrfa`s' j`tcràg

ml`dusjl` a`k euìcr' suppgy kcdjmjc`mjcs a`k ltecr typcs ld kjsml`tc`t' tec kyàsty


25/30

ld Mzar @jmelgas ^lfa`lv mafc tl a` c`k. A prlvjsjlàg ilvcr`fc`t tllb lvcr nutwas sll` rcpgamck ny a `cw ilvcr`fc`t ecakck ny tec dlrfcr Fj`jstcr dlr Yar'

Bcrc`sby' a fcfncr ld tec ]lmjag ^cvlgutjlàry Xarty. [ejs ilvcr`fc`t gastck u`tjg

tec Lmtlncr rcvlgutjl` ld 1:19' wec` tec djrst selts wcrc djrck drlf tec ûssja`

@avag mrujscr'Aurlra' nasck at ]t Xctcrsnuri' gatcr àfck Xctrlirak' a`k adtcrwarks

Gc`jìrak' adtcr tec Nlgsecvjb gcakcr' Gc`j`' wel lustck tec Bcrc`sby ilvcr`fc`tdrlf tec Yj`tcr Xagamc j` ]t Xctcrsnuri a`k sct up ejs lw` ilvcr`fc`t j` jts pgamc.Gc`j` jffckjatcgy sct anlut nrjìjì tec war tl a` c`k a`k' wjte tec sji`jì ld tec

[rcaty ld Nrcst&Gjtlvsb j` Farme 1:15' ml`mgukck a scparatc pcamc trcaty wjte tec

Icrfa`s.

Xrjlr tl tecsc lmmurrc`mcs' elwcvcr' j` Aprjg 1:19' tec S`jtck ]tatcs ld Afcrjma

c`tcrck tec war tl assjst tec Aggjck mausc.

Fca`wejgc' l` 1=te Fay 1:19' dar away drlf tec war drl`ts at a tec` u`b`lw`pgamc maggck Datjfa' j` tec mc`trc ld Xlrtuiag' a` cvc`t was tabjì pgamc wejme was tl

dlrctcgg tec c`kjì ld tec cxjstjì war' tec mlffc`mcfc`t ld a duturc a`k flrc

tcrrjngc war %1:=:&;3*' a`k tec duturc ml`scquc`mcs ld tec ûssja` ^cvlgutjl` j`

rcgatjl` tl jts cddcmts l` tec rcst ld tec wlrgk. L` teat kay' tercc yluì mejgkrc`' Gumja

]a`tls' aick tc` ycars' a`k ecr twl mlusj`s' Dra`mjsml' aick cjiet ycars' a`k Oamj`ta

Fartl' aick scvc` ycars' wcrc j` tec Mlva ka Jrja' wejme tra`sgatck fca`s Elgglw ld

]t Jrja' a garic saumcr&seapck kcprcssjl` anlut a fjgc away drlf tecjr elfc. Ncjì

kcvlut ^lfa` Matelgjms a`k wejgst tc`kjì a dglmb ld seccp at pasturc' tec mejgkrc`

wcrc rcmjtjì tec praycrs ld tec rlsary wec`' agteluie tec sby was mgcar' tecy

sukkc`gy saw a vjvjk dgase ld gjiet`jì' dlgglwck qujmbgy ny twl flrc cquaggy vjvjk

dgasecs ld gjiet`jì.

Adtcr tec gast dgase ld gjiet`jì' tec mejgkrc` saw weat appcarck tl nc a yluìgaky mlfpgctcgy surrlu`kck ny nrjggja`t gjiet. [ec gaky' wel was elvcrjì anlvc a

`carny trcc' maggck lut tl tec mejgkrc`. Kl `lt nc adrajk' J wjgg `lt eurt ylu.

Murjlus at tec sukkc` appcara`mc ld tec gaky' tec mejgkrc` apprlameck a`k asbck

weat sec wa`tck ld tecf. [ec gaky rcqucstck tec mejgkrc` tl rctur` tl tec elgglw l`

tec 1=te kay ld cvcry fl`te dlr tec `cxt sjx fl`tes' at wejme tjfc sec wlugk rcvcagwelf sec was' a`k rcvcag ecr fcssaic tl a`k dlr tec nc`cdjt ld tec wlrgk' prlvjkck

teat tec pclpgc ld tec wlrgk mlfpgjck wjte tec tcrfs ld tec fcssaic.

Kurjì tec `cxt summcssjvc sjx vjsjts l` tec 1=te kay ld tec fl`te' tec gaky

j`dlrfck tec mejgkrc` teat sec wlugk scc flrc ld Oamj`ta a`k Dra`mjsml j` tec `car

duturc %dlrctcggjì tecjr cargy kcates* nut Gumja wlugk eavc tl wajt slfc tjfc dlr teatprjvjgcic. Dra`mjsml Fartl kjck l` ;te Aprjg 1:1:' a`k ejs sjstcr Oamj`ta kjck l` >8teDcnruary 1:>8. Gumja ]a`tls ncmafc a Marfcgjtc ù` at Mljfnra.

L` tec djàg appcara`mc l` 1=te Lmtlncr 1:19' tec gaky' as prlfjsck' rcvcagck

ecr jkc`tjty tl tec tercc mejgkrc`' aglì wjte apprlxjfatcgy scvc`ty telusa`k ltecr

pclpgc j`mgukjì ncgjcvcrs a`k smcptjms. L` ecr appcara`mc' sec a``lu`mck ecrscgd as'

J af tec Gaky ld tec ^lsary' %[ec Fakl`à*. Nujgk a meapcg ecrc a`k say tecrlsary kajgy. [ec war js selrtgy mlfjì tl a` c`k a`k tec slgkjcrs wjgg rctur` tl tecjr

elfcs.

Adtcrwarks' tec gaky kjsappcarck drlf sjiet nut tec wcatecr' wejme was ecavyraj` at teat tjfc' sukkc`gy stlppck a`k tec su` was lnscrvck as a sjgvcry&gjbc kjsm

terluie a nrcab j` tec mgluks' wejme rltatck' pausck' a`k rltatck aiaj`' cfjttjì rays

ld varjlus mlglurs as jt kjk sl. Adtcrwarks' jt appcarck tl apprlame Carte at teat splt'rakjatjì a rckkjse gjiet a`k j`tc`sc ecat' ncdlrc rctur`jì tl jts `lrfag plsjtjl` j` tec

sby.


26/30

J` rciark tl tec prlpecmy tl tec duturc Ylrgk Yar JJ' a`k tec ml`scquc`mc ld tecûssja` ^cvlgutjl` teat ycar rcvcagck tl tec tercc mejgkrc` at a prcvjlus appcara`mc'

tec gaky j`dlrfck tecf teat Ilk wjseck tl cstangjse kcvltjl` j` tec wlrgk tl ecr

Jffamugatc Ecart' a`k tl mcasc lddc`kjì Ejf. Jd fa`bj`k dajgck tl kl sl' a `cw a`k

wlrsc war wlugk ncij` j` tec pl`tjdjmatc ld Xlpc Xjus UJ. [l vcrjdy tejs damt' Ilk

wlugk selw Ec was iljì tl pu`jse tec wlrgk ny fca`s ld war' ny tec jggufjàtjl`ld tec `jiet sby ny a` u`b`lw` gjiet at slfc u`b`lw` tjfc j` tec duturc. [l prcvc`ttec lutnrcab ld tec war' tec gaky sajk teat sec wlugk rctur` tl Gumja a`k rcqucst tec

ml`scmratjl` %rctur` tl tec dajte* ld ûssja tl ecr Jffamugatc Ecart' a`k jd ecr

rcqucsts wcrc mlfpgjck wjte' ûssja wlugk nc ml`vcrtck' nut jd `lt' ûssja wlugk

sprcak ecr crrlrs terluielut tec wlrgk' mausjì wars a`k pcrscmutjl`s aiaj`st tec

meurme. Fa`y àtjl`s wlugk nc a``jejgatck as a rcsugt nut j` tec c`k' ecr Jffamugatc

Ecart wlugk trjufpe a`k a spamc ld pcamc wlugk nc ijvc` tl tec wlrgk.Gumja ]a`tls' adtcr tec kcates ld ecr mlusj`s' aiaj` saw tec gaky l` 18te

Kcmcfncr 1:>3' wec` sec kjspgayck ecr ecart. Anlut tejrtcc` ycars gatcr' a sji` kjk

appcar j` tec `jiet sby nut as tec sji`jdjma`mc attameck tl tec gjiet was `lt wjkcgy

b`lw`' at teat tjfc' tec war`jì scrvck `l purplsc. [ec dlgglwjì ycar ecragkck tec

lutnrcab ld Ylrgk Yar JJ.

J` Ougy 1:19' kurjì tec tjfc ld tec j`tcràg upecavag j` Mzarjst ûssja' a`k tec

pec`lfcà ld Datjfa j` Xlrtuiag' tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. j`trlkumck Xc`à`t dgais

tl jkc`tjdy tec varjlus ejie ra`bjì lddjmcrs ld tec `cwgy dlrfck Mlrps. [ec mlglurs

wcrc gatcr' j` Oaùary 1:19' rcvcrsck wec` tec dlgglwjì kcsji`s dlr tec prcsc`t ÂD

wcrc aklptck. [ec dgais arc agg rcmtaìugar' cxmcpt wecrc spcmjdjck.

Farseag ld tec ÂD Gjiet nguc nambirlu`k wjte rck ckijì' ncarjì l`c tej`' l`ctejmb' a`k l`c tej` karb nguc elrjzl`tag strjpc cvc`gy spamck

tecrcl`.

Ajr Mejcd&Farseag ]jfjgar pc`à`t' nut ncarjì twl tejmb karb nguc' elrjzl`tag

strjpcs.

Ajr Farseag ]jfjgar pc`à`t' ncarjì l`c tejmb karb nguc' elrjzl`tagstrjpc' mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`.

Ajr Tjmc&Farseag ]jfjgar pc`à`t' ncarjì twl tej` karb nguc' elrjzl`tag

strjpcs mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`.

Ajr Mlfflklrc ]jfjgar pc`à`t' ncarjì l`c tejmb karb nguc' elrjzl`tag stjpc

mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`' nut wjte a swagglwtajg pjcmc mutdrlf tec dgy c`k.

Irlup Maptaj` [rjaìugar&seapck pc`à`t wjte l`c tejmb karb nguc'

elrjzl`tag strjpc mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`.

Yjì Mlffa`kcr [rjaìugar&seapck pc`à`t wjte twl tejmb karb nguc'

elrjzl`tag strjpcs' mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`.

]quakrl` Gcakcr ^cmtaìugar pc`à`t ncarjì l`c tejmb karb nguc' elrjzl`tagstrjpc mc`traggy pgamck tecrcl`' a`k a` caigc j` tec tlp gcdt

mlr`cr ld tec pc`à`t.

[ec stygc ld tec u`jdlrf agsl agtcrck drlf tec `lrfag arfy lddjmcr&typc tu`jm tl

teat ld tec mrlsslvcr dastc`jì&typc tu`jm' ldtc` rcdcrrck tl as tec fatcr`jty oambct.

J` @lvcfncr 1:19' tec Ajr Dlrmc %Ml`stjtutjl`* Njgg was passck wejme pavck tecway dlr tec mrcatjl` ld a` j`kcpc`kc`t ajr dlrmc' b`lw` as tec ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc' wjte

a` Ajr Fj`jstry rcspl`sjngc dlr safc' j`stcak ld tec cxjstjì arraìcfc`t ld tec Yar


27/30

Lddjmc dlr tec ^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. a`k tec Akfjragty dlr tec ^lyag @avag Ajr]crvjmc.

J` Oaùary 1:15' tec Ajr Fj`jstry was cstangjseck a`k l` tec djrst kay ld Aprjg

1:15' tec twl scparatc dgyjì scrvjmcs afagiafatck tl ncmlfc tec ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc.

[ec el`lur ld tec djrst war lpcratjl` u`kcr tec `cw tjtgc wc`t tl @l. >> ]quakrl`

wel dgcw tecjr Nrjstlg djietcr ajrmradt l` lpcratjl`s teat kay.L` >`k Farme 1:15' ncdlrc tec `cw tjtgc ld ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc mafc j`tl cxjstc`mc'

tec trcaty ld Nrcst&Gjtlvsb nctwcc` Mzarjst ûssja a`k tec Mc`trag Xlwcrs' ecakck ny

Icrfa`y' mafc j`tl lpcratjl`. As a rcsugt ld tec Lmtlncr ^cvlgutjl` j` ûssja a`k

tejs trcaty' Dj`ga`k' l`mc part ld ûssja` tcrrjtlry' kcmgarck ecr j`kcpc`kc`mc. [ec

mlu`try' ncjì kjvjkck nctwcc` tec ^ck lr Nlgsecvjb Xarty' a`k tec Yejtcs' tec

Ml`stjtutjlàg Xarty' appcagck tl tec Aggjcs dlr assjsta`mc j` tec fattcr. Kuc tl tec

^ck lr Nlgsecvjb Xarty ncjì supplrtck ny tecjr Aggjck Xarty j` ûssja' tec Yejtcs'l` dajgjì tl rcmcjvc assjsta`mc drlf tec Aggjcs kuc tl tecjr war mlffjtfc`ts l` tec

Ycstcr` Drl`t wjte tec Icrfa` Farme lddc`sjvc amtjl`' tec` appcagck tl tec

Icrfa`s wel assjstck tecf j` tec fattcr. Ncmausc ld tecjr vjmtlrjlus lutmlfc' a

pcamc trcaty was tec` sji`ck nctwcc` Icrfa`y a`k Dj`ga`k' wejme was akva`taiclus

tl tec Icrfa`s.

J` ml`scquc`mc' teat fl`te' tec Aggjcs ml`kumtck a ga`kjì tl sadciuark tec garic

qua`tjtjcs ld fjgjtary stlrcs ecgk l` ûssja` tcrrjtlry at Armeaìcg a`k Furfa`sb. J`

kljì sl' tecy mafc j`tl ml`drl`tatjl` wjte tec `cwgy&dlrfck ]lvjct ilvcr`fc`t

wel' j` Ougy teat ycar' dlrwarkck a `ltc ld prltcst tl Nrjtaj` statjì teat tec ]lvjcts

ml`sjkcrck tec ga`kjì ld a elstjgc attamb l` ]lvjct tcrrjtlry' kcspjtc Nrjtaj`s

rcpukjatjl` tl tec ml`trary j` rcspcmt ld tec fjgjtary stlrcs' a`k teat tec ga`kjì wlugk

nc rcsjstck ny ]lvjct trllps. Garic ùfncrs ld ûssja`s' elwcvcr' glyag tl a`ltecr`lrte ûssja` ilvcr`fc`t a`k elstjgc tl tec `cw typc ld ]lvjct ilvcr`fc`t' olj`ck

tec Aggjck fjgjtary dlrmcs. Adtcr rcmcjvjì traj`jì drlf tec Aggjck fjgjtary dlrmcs' tec

Aggjck fjgjtary stlrc' j`mgukjì ta`bs' wcrc ea`kck lvcr tl tecsc ûssja` dlrmcs sl

teat tecy mlugk ml`tjùc tecjr lpplsjtjl` ld tec Nlgsecvjb dlrmcs adtcr tec Aggjcs eak

cvamuatck tec arca j` Lmtlncr ld teat ycar.As tec war prlircssck `carcr tl jts tcrfjàtjl`' sl kjk tec sjzc ld tec rcspcmtjvc

ajrmradt cìaick l` lpcratjl`s lvcr tec nattgcdrl`ts' a`k dlr glì raìc lpcratjl`s.

Drlf sfagg' sjìgc&scatcr djietcr acrlpga`cs tl tec twl&scatcr typc' a`k j` rciark tl

tec nlfncr ajrmradt wjte fugtj&cìj`cs a`k fugtj&mlmbpjts' dlr pjglts a`k

lnscrvcr,iu``crs. [ec nlfncr acrlpga`cs assufck tec dlrfcr rlgc ld tec ajrsejps' kuctl tecjr vug`cranjgjty tl djietcr ajrmradt ny tecjr garic sjzc' sglw spcck a`k cxpglsjvc

pltc`tjag wec` tec eykrlic` ias nais ncmafc pu`mturck ny cxpglsjvc a`k j`mc`kjary

nuggcts. [ec smlut squakrl`s' tec tcrf smlut lrjijàtjì drlf dlrfcr Arfy Mavagry

ml``cmtjl`s cqujppck wjte ]lpwjte Mafcg a`k ]C3 acrlpga`cs' mlfnatck tec

Icrfa` sjìgc&scatcr djietcr ajrmradt at ejie agtjtukcs' j` akkjtjl` tl earassjì Icrfa`

j`da`try wjte sfagg nlfns a`k famej`c iu` djrc' wejgst tec twl&scatcr squakrl`smarrjck lut rcml`àjssa`mc' artjggcry lnscrvatjl`s a`k peltlirapey j` akkjtjl` tl

ecavjcr nlfnjì rlgcs. [ec garicr' fugtj&cìj`ck nlfncr ajrmradt attambck rajgway

taricts a`k acrlkrlfcs wjtej` Icrfa`y' agteluie Ncrgj` jtscgd was `lt attambck kuctl tec Arfjstjmc ncjì sji`ck ncdlrc tec nlfncrs wcrc avajgangc dlr tec lpcratjl`.

[ec rajks l` taricts wjtej` Icrfa`y wcrc marrjck lut ny a scparatc dlrmc ld

ajrmradt wjtej` tec ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc. Mlfjì j`tl cxjstc`mc l` 4te Aprjg 1:15' u`kcrtec iujka`mc ld Faolr&Ic`crag ]jr Euie [rc`meark' gatcr b`lw` as Tjsmlu`t

[rc`mearkDatecr ld tec ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc' tec J`kcpc`kc`t Ajr Dlrmc' as jt was tec`


28/30

b`lw` a`k dlrcru``cr tl Nlfncr Mlffa`k' a`k gatcr ]tratcijm Mlffa`k' ml`sjstckld dlur squakrl`s ld Ea`kgcy Xaic 8,188 a`k 8,;88 ecavy nlfncrs' sjx squakrl`s ld

DC>&N `jiet nlfncrs' KE;' KE: a`k KE:A kay nlfncrs' aglì wjte scvcrag

squakrl`s ld ]lpwjte Mafcg csmlrt djietcr ajrmradt. ]quakrl` @ls. 33' :: a`k 18;

dlrfck part ld tejs dlrmc.

Kurjì tejs fl`te' l` >1st Aprjg 1:15' tec Icrfa`s glst tecjr flst daflusdjietcr pjglt' Eauptfa`` Narl` Fa`drck vl` ^jmeteldc`' tec ^ck Narl`' as ec wasgcakjì ejs dgyjì mjrmus ld varjlus mlglur&paj`tck ajrmradt wjte ejs wcgg&b`lw` rck&

mlglurck Dlbbcr Krcjkcbbcr. ^jmeteldc` was aggcickgy selt klw` kurjì mlfnat wjte

a Maàkja` pjglt' Maptaj` A. ^. Nrlw`' b`lw` as ^ly tl ejs dcgglw pjglts' ld @l. >8:

]quakrl` wejme was cqujppck wjte ]lpwjte Mafcg ajrmradt. Austragja` Arfy

pcrsl``cg j` tec arca agsl gajk mgajf tl tejs dcat. At tec du`crag ld ^jmeteldc`'

elwcvcr' fcfncrs ld tec Austragja` Dgyjì Mlrps. lpcratjì j` tec ]lffc arcadlrfck tec Iuark ld El`lur.

]cvcrag Nrjtjse dgjcrs wcrc agsl prlfj`c`t at tejs tjfc %1:19&15* j` wj``jì tec

Tjmtlrja Mrlss. L`c ld tecf' elwcvcr' ncmafc `ltck dlr ejs u`jquc fctelk ld attamb

wejme was l` lnscrvjì tec c`cfy ajrmradt dgyjì anlvc ejf' tl dgy ejs ajrmradt

kjrcmtgy nc`cate a`k astcr` ld tec ngj`k splt ld tec c`cfy' cgcvatc tec iu`s flu`tck

anlvc tec tlp faj`pga`c ld ejs ajrmradt' a`k djrc nursts ld famej`c iu` djrc j`tl tec

u`kcrsjkc ld tec c`cfy acrlpga`c. Ejs àfc was Agncrt Nagg TM' a maptaj` j` tec

^lyag Dgyjì Mlrps. As a rcsugt ld c`tcrjì tec mgluk tl olj` mlfnat wjte c`cfy

ajrmradt' ec was `cvcr scc` aiaj` a`k was gatcr rcplrtck Xrcsufck bjggck j` amtjl`.

Naggs fctelk ld attamb was gatcr usck ny tec Gudtwaddc kurjì Ylrgk Yar JJ. [wl

ltecr TMs ld tec `cwgy&mrcatck ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc wcrc gatcr tl glsc tecjr gjvcs ncdlrc

tec tcrfjàtjl` ld tec war. [ecy wcrc Faolr Oafcs [elfas Nydlrk FmMukkc` TM'K]L' FM a`k FF' wel fct wjte a` ammjkc`t wejgst l` ejs way tl tabc mlffa`k ld

@l. 48 ]quakrl`' a`k Faolr Ckwark Fa``lmb TM' K]L a`k FM. J` tec dlrfcr

j`mjkc`t' tec cìj`c ld FmMukkc`s ajrmradt dajgck kurjì tabc&ldd drlf a` acrlkrlfc

a`k wejgst na`bjì j` tec ajr' mausck tec ajrmradt tl sjkcsgjp j`tl tec irlu`k. J` tec

gattcr j`mjkc`t' Fa``lmbs ajrmradt was nrluiet klw` j` dgafcs ny a`tj &ajrmradt djrc. Jàkkjtjl` tl tec Nrjtjse a`k Icrfa` avjatlrs' pclpgc ld ltecr àtjlàgjtjcs ncmafc

wcgg&b`lw` at tejs tjfc' sume as Maàkja` ^ly Nrlw`' as prcvjlusgy fc`tjl`ck' tec

Drc`me Gjcutcà`t Dl`mb a`k tec Afcrjma` Maptaj` Ckkjc ^jmbc`nambcr' tl fc`tjl`

a dcw.

Kurjì tec `jiet ld 1>te,1=te Aprjg 1:15' dlur _cppcgj`s j` mgluky wcatecrattambck tec Cast Mlast' Fjkga`ks a`k @lrte Ycst arcas ld Cìga`k. [ec IrcatZarflute' Njrfjìeaf' Yjia` a`k Nlgtl` arcas ld Ga`masejrc sustaj`ck kafaic as a

rcsugt. [ejs was tec gast lmmasjl` j` wejme nlfns drlf a Icrfa` ajrsejp wcrc

krlppck l` Nrjtjse sljg.

L` 3te Auiust 1:15' elwcvcr' tl auifc`t rajks marrjck lut l` Nrjtaj` ny Icrfa`

Iltea acrlpga`cs as a gast c`kcavlur drlf tec _cppcgj`s kurjì Ylrgk Yar J' a djàgrajk upl` Gl`kl` lmmurrck. Dlur _cppcgj`s ld tec gatcst typc' wejme mlugk lntaj` a

mcjgjì ecjiet ld >8'888 dcct ny statjm gjdt' a`k >='888 dcct ny kyàfjm gjdt' apprlameck

tec Cast Mlast ld Nrjtaj`. [ec nlfn glak marrjck ny came ajrsejp was 5'888gn a`k astecy apprlameck j` gj`c anrcast' ajrmradt ld tec Elfc Kcdc`mc squakrl`s lnscrvjì

tecf wc`t j` tl attamb. [ec _cppcgj`s' j` kcdc`mc' asmc`kck tl a ecjiet ld 1:'888 dcct

tl cvakc tecf nut l`c ld tecf' tec G98' was attambck ny Faolr Maknury a`k Maptaj`^. Gcmbjc j` a KI; ajrmradt' rcsugtjì j` tec ajrsejp daggjì j`tl tec sca j` dgafcs. [ec

rajk ny tec _cppcgj`s nrlbc up lvcr tec sca a`k was tec gast attamb ny Icrfa`


29/30

ajrsejps l` Nrjtaj` kurjì Ylrgk Yar J.Adtcr tec kcate ld Eauptfa`` Narl` Fa`drck vl` ^jmeteldc`' tec ^ck Narl`' j`

Aprjg 1:15' ejs pgamc as mlffa`kcr ld Oaikicsmewakcr J' tec gcic`kary dgyjì mjrmus'

was tabc` ny a fa` wel startck a`k lrjijàggy dluiet j` tec war as a` j`da`try lddjmcr.

[ejs lddjmcr' rcmcjvjì elspjtag trcatfc`t dlr arterjtjs as a rcsugt ld drl`tgj`c trc`me

scrvjmc' was j`trlkumck tl dgyjì ny a pjglt drjc`k' Nru`l Glcrzcr' wel' j` kcdja`mc ldagg Icrfa` fjgjtary rciugatjl`s' rctur`ck wjte tec lddjmcr tl ejs dgyjì u`jt' tec >3teDjcgk Avjatjl` S`jt' a`k utjgjsck ejf as ejs lnscrvcr. Avljkjì mlurt fartjag amtjl`'

tec lddjmcr was agglwck tl ml`tjùc ejs avjatjl` marccr tl quagjdy as a pjglt wejme

cvc`tuaggy rcsugtck j` tec lddjmcr summcckjì ^jmeteldc` as tec squakrl` mlffa`kcr.

Ejs àfc was Ecrfa`` Ilrjì a`k ec ncmafc l`c ld Icrfa`ys dafck djietcr

pjglts' iaj`jì tec Xlur gc Fcrjtc' ltecrwjsc b`lw` as tec Nguc Fax. Ilrjì gatcr

ncmafc ^cjmesfarsmeagg ld tec [ejrk ^cjme u`kcr Aklgd Ejtgcr' Duercr %1:==&;3* a`kmlffa`kcr&j`&mejcd ld tec Gudtwaddc. A`ltecr `ltangc Icrfa` pjglt drlf teat tjfc

was Gjcutcà`t Cr`st Skct wel ra`bck scml`k pgamc adtcr ^jmeteldc` j` rcspcmt ld

acrjag mlfnat vjmtlrjcs. Skct was gatcr tl lntaj` a ejie plsjtjl`' teat ld Ic`craglncrst'

j` tec Gudtwaddc ld Ylrgk Yar JJ.

Fca`wejgc' at sca l` tec flr`jì ld ;te Lmtlncr 1:15' a S&nlat' adtcr attambjì a

ml`vly j` tec Fckjtcrra`ca` ]ca' wc`t lut ld ml`trlg as a rcsugt ld kcdc`sjvc amtjl`'

mausjì jt tl c`tcr j`tl a kjvc tlwarks tec nlttlf ld tec sca. Adtcr tec vcsscg eak

passck tec prcssurjsck kaìcr gcvcg' tec Mlffa`kcr ld tec S&nlat' dlr scgd&

prcscrvatjl` ld tec mrcw' tllb cfcric`my amtjl` tl eagt a`k rcvcrsc tec ltecrwjsc datag

kjvc ld tec sunfarj`c. [ejs amtjl` mausck tec S&nlat tl sukkc`gy cfcric l` tec

surdamc ld tec sca afjkst a irlup ld surprjsck ^lyag @avy surdamc vcsscgs' a mrujscr

wjte jts attc`ka`t kcstrlycrs. Cxmcpt dlr a sfagg glss ld gjdc' tec S&nlats mrcw a`kmlffa`kcr wcrc rcsmuck tl ncmlfc prjsl`crs ld war. [ec S&nlat mlffa`kcr was a

Barg Klc`jtz wel' kurjì Ylrgk Yar JJ' was tl mlffa`k a`k kjrcmt Icrfa`ys S&

nlat wardarc a`k' j` tec gattcr kays ld tec war' was tl tabc lvcr as Icrfa`ys Ecak ld

]tatc l` tec kcate ld Ejtgcr' a`k tabc part j` tec u`ml`kjtjlàg surrc`kcr ld tec

Icrfa` dlrmcs j` Fay 1:;3.At 8388 elurs l` 11te @lvcfncr' j` a Drc`me rajgway marrjaic @l. >;1:K' part

ld a traj` sta`kjì wjtej` tec Dlrct kc Mlfpjci`c at ^ctel`kcs' Ic`crag vl`

Yj`tcrdcgkt' wjte a Icrfa` àvag maptaj` a`k twl mjvjgja` c`vlys as rcprcsc`tatjvcs

ld Icrfa`y' fct Dra`mcs Farseag Dlme' ammlfpa`jck ny a Drc`me ic`crag a`k twl

Nrjtjse àvag lddjmcrs as rcprcsc`tatjvcs ld tec Aggjcs' tl `ciltjatc tec surrc`kcr tcrfsj` rcspcmt ld Ylrgk Yar J. [ec Icrfa`s melsc vl` Yj`tcrdcgkt ncmausc ec ecgk tecDrc`me kcmlratjl`' tec Gcijl` ld El`lur' a`k ejs wjdc was ld Drc`me lrjij`' j` tec

elpc teat ncmausc ec eak tecsc Drc`me ml``cmtjl`s' vl` Yj`tcrdcgkt fjiet nc angc tl

lntaj` davlurangc surrc`kcr tcrfs drlf tec Drc`me' nut tl `l avajg' as tec tcrfs

kjmtatck' aircck tl a`k sji`ck at teat tjfc a`k katc' gck tl tec gatcr [rcaty ld

Tcrsajggcs' mausjì rcsc`tfc`t wjte tec Icrfa` àtjl` a`k cvc`tuaggy gcakjì tl teclutnrcab ld Ylrgk Yar JJ. ]crvjì j` tec kcdcatck c`cfy irlu`k dlrmcs at tejs tjfc'

elwcvcr' was a mlrplrag' a` Austrja` ny njrte a`k elusc kcmlratlr ny trakc. Ejs àfc

was Aklgd Ejtgcr wel was gatcr tl ncmlfc tec gcakcr ld tec Icrfa` @atjlàg ]lmjagjstXarty %@azj* a`k' as sume' tec Duercr a`k Kjmtatlr ld @azj Icrfa`y drlf 1:==&1:;3.

At tec tcrfjàtjl` ld tec war j` 1:15' tec ^lyag Ajr Dlrmc strcìte mlfprjsck ld

twc`ty&twl telusa`k' sjx eu`krck a`k dlrty&scvc` acrlpga`cs a`k scapga`cs a`k aeu`krck a`k tercc ajrsejps j` lpcratjl`' wjte tejrty telusa`k' l`c eu`krck a`k

twc`ty&twl lddjmcrs a`k twl eu`krck a`k sjxty&tercc telusa`k' dlur eu`krck a`k tc`


30/30

`l`&mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrs a`k ltecr ra`bs j` pcrsl``cg.]elrtgy ncdlrc tec war c`kck' tl kjstjìujse a`k el`lur pcrsl``cg ld tec ^lyag

Ajr Dlrmc pcrdlrfjì amts ld vaglur wejgst lpcratjì aiaj`st tec c`cfy' nut wejme

wcrc ml`sjkcrck gcss tea` tec sta`kark rcqujrck tl lntaj` tec Tjmtlrja Mrlss lr ltecr

ejie kcmlratjl`' tec rcji`jì flàrme' Bjì Iclric T' l` =rk Ou`c 1:15' j`stjtutck a

`cw kcmlratjl` b`lw` as tec Kjstjìujseck Dgyjì Mrlss dlr mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrsa`k warra`t lddjmcrs' a`k tec Kjstjìujseck Dgyjì Fckag dlr warra`t lddjmcrs' `l`&mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrs a`k ltecr ra`bs. Jt wjgg nc lnscrvck teat a warra`t lddjmcr' tec

ejiecr `l`&mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcr ra`b j` tec ÂD' mlugk tecrcdlrc nc awarkck cjtecr

ld tec kcmlratjl`s. [ec rjnnl` mlglurs wcrc ld purpgc a`k wejtc' a`k lrjijàggy ld a

elrjzl`tag pattcr` wjte a sjgvcr mrlss attameck j` rcspcmt ld tec mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcr'

a`k a` lvag&seapck sjgvcr fckag j` rcspcmt ld tec `l`&mlffjssjl`ck lddjmcrs a`k

ltecr ra`bs. [ec rjnnl` mlglurs ld purpgc a`k wejtc wcrc meaìck drlf tec elrjzl`tagpattcr` tl tec prcsc`t kjailàg pattcr` j` Auiust 1:1:' a`k mlfprjsck ld dlur wejtc

a`k dlur purpgc strjpcs dlr tec mrlss' a`k cjiet came dlr tec fckag.

Documents

Day Squire - Knight Flier by Louis P. Wooldridge DFC