DC Motor Direction and Speed Control by Arduino through RF

ISSN(Online): 2320-9801 ISSN (Print) : 2320-9798

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)

Vol. 4, Special Issue 2, April 2016

Copyright @ IJIRCCE www.ijircce.com 49

DC Motor Direction and Speed Control by Arduino through RF Wireless Technique

L.Boaz1, S.Priyatharshini2, R.Chandrika3, K.Perachi4

Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, S.Veerasamy Chettiar College of Engineering and Technology, India1

Assistant Professor, Department of ECE, Sardar Raja College of Engineering, India2,3,4

ABSTRACT:This proposed system consists of ATMEGA328 Microcontroller, 8 bit RF Module, ULN2803A and one eight channel relay module. This method is used to change the direction of the DC motor and control the speed of the DC motor. The control signals are transferred from Arduino UNO microcontroller to 8 channel relay module through 8 bit RF module at 433 KHz. By laptop user can generate the desired status such as speed control and direction change by hitting the defined keys.ULN 2803A IC drives the 8 Channel RF Module depends upon the control signals which was received from MCU. The direction control is done by H- Bridge arrangement of a group of four relays and the speed is varied by applying the PWM signal to the DC SSR. KEYWORDS :DC Motor Speed Control, DC Motor Direction Control, H-Bridge, PWM.

I. INTRODUCTION

Fig 1. Block diagram of the proposed system

Fig 2 Simulation model for the proposed system

This proposed system consists of one Arduino uno microcontroller unit. One 8 bit radio frequency module to

transmit a byte of data to control the direction of the DC motor and its speed control. A ULN 2803A is connected with

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8 channel mechanical relay to energize the coil. Laptop is used as console to send the control byte to the RF module. Power supply is given from the Universal power supply which has separate 12VDC, 5VDC, 3.3VDC and 1.8 VDC.

II. HARDWARE COMPONENTS

A. ARDUINO UNO The Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328P. It has 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16 MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started.. You can tinker with your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong, worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start over again. "Uno" means one in Italian and was chosen to mark the release of Arduino Software (IDE) 1.0. The Uno board and version 1.0 of Arduino Software (IDE) were the reference versions of Arduino, now evolved to newer releases. The Uno board is the first in a series of USB Arduino boards, and the reference model for the Arduino platform; Microcontrollers are usually programmed through a programmer unless you have a piece of firmware in your microcontroller that allows installing new firmware using an external programmer. This is called a bootloader. The ATmega328 on the Uno comes preprogrammed with a bootloader that allows you to upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It communicates using the original STK500 protocol We can also bypass the bootloader and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) header using Arduino ISP B. 8 channel Relay Module

Fig 3. Illustration of 8 channel relay module

Look at the photo of a relay down below on the right. Notice the 3 screw-type terminals. They are labelled "NO", "COM", "NC". Those labels mean:

NO : Normally Open COM : Common Connection NC : Normally Closed

Look at the diagram on the right. This shows the switch that is inside the relay. This switch is "thrown" by the electromagnet inside. The diagram shows that COM is connected to the Normally Closed contact. That's the case when the relay is off. When the relay is turned on the electromagnet flips the switch up and COM is then connected to Normally Open. So, if we want a lamp to be on when the relay is on, we connect our circuit from COM to NO. Let's try that out. In this proposed system we use 8 channel relay board controlled by the ULN 2803A IC. The maximum power rating the board can handle is 10A/250V DC, 10A/30V DC, 15A/120VAC or 7A/250VAC.Relay Status Indicating LEDs. The relay board features an onboard relay status indication LED next to each relay.

C. 8 Bit RF Module

The TX is an ASK transmitter module.The TX isdesigned specifically for remote-control , wireless mouseand car alarm system operating at 315/433.92 MHz.The RX is a miniature receiver module that receives On-offkeyed ( OOK )modulation signal and demodulated to digital signal for the next decoder stage.The RX is designed specifically for remote-control and wireless security receiver operating at 315/434Mhz. UART TTL o/p - Baud Rate - 9600. Features of RF Module

Input Power supply - 5 Volts







Compatible for Both RF 433/ 315 Mhz Interface upto 8 Bit Data. UART TTL o/p - Baud Rate - 9600 Package Includes with RF Tx Rx. Indicating LED's. High quality PCB FR4 Grade with FPT Certified.

Fig 3. Illustration of 8 bit RF Module

The transmitter/receiver (Tx/Rx) pair operates at a frequency of 433Mhz. An RF transmitter receives serial data and

transmits it wirelessly through RF through its antenna connected to pin 4. The transmission occurs at the rate of 1Kbps -10Kbps. The transmitted data is received by an RF receiver operating at the same frequency as that of the transmitter. The RF module is often used along with a pair of encoder/decoder. The encoder is used for encoding parallel data for transmission feed while reception is decoded by a decoder. D. ULN 2803A

Fig 4. ULN2803A IC Connection details

The ULN2803A device is a high-voltage, high-current Darlington transistor array. The device consists of eight

NPN Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs with common-cathode clamp diodes for The Darlington Types of Logic pairs may be connected in parallel for higher current capability. Applications include relay drivers, hammer drivers, TheApplications ULN2803A device has a 2.7-kΩ series base resistor for each Darlington pair for operation directly with TTL or 5-V CMOS devices.







. Fig 5. ULN2803A connected with coil

E. DC Solid state Relay

WE are using power MOSFET P55nf06,This power MOSFETs p55nf06 specifically designed to minimize input

capacitance and gate charge,this renders the devices suitable for use as primary switch in advanced high-efficiency isolated DC-DC converters for telecom and computer applications and application with low gate charge driving requirements.

It consists of power MOSFET P55nf06 specifically designed to minimize input capacitance and gate charge, this renders the devices suitable for use as primary switch in advanced high-efficiency isolated DC-DC converters. SSR is connected with DPDT relay’s throw terminals. It is controlled by microcontroller’s PWM pin. SSR Input voltage range is 5VDC; input current rating is 5mA and maximum output current rating is 10Amps.

The purpose of this relay is to control the speed of the DC motor. By using pulse width modulation technique we can control the speed of the DC motor. In this simulation we had completed 10 different speed levels to both forward and reverse direction. Pulse Width Modulation, or PWM, is a technique for getting analog results with digital means. Digital control is used to create a square wave, a signal switched between on and off. This on-off pattern can simulate voltages in between full on (5 Volts) and off (0 Volts) by changing the portion of the time the signal spends on versus the time that the signal spends off. The duration of "on time" is called the pulse width. To get varying analog values, we change, or modulate, that pulse width. Arduino's PWM frequency at about 500Hz, it measure 2 milliseconds each. A call to analogWrite function is on a scale of 0 - 255, such that analogWrite function requests a 100% duty cycle (always on), and analogWrite function is a 50% duty cycle (on half the time)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Input voltage:5vdc Input current:5mA Maximum output current:10Amps







F. Console Here the laptop is act as console or control panel. Every operation is done by separate keys. There are two types of

direction control and stop operations are performed. From zero to full speed ten levels of speed control for both forward and reverse directions are performed.

III. H- BRIDGE MODEL

The H-Bridge is designed to drive a motor clockwise and anticlockwise. To reverse a motor, the supply must be

reversed and this is what the H-Bridge does. An H-Bridge can be made with switches, relays, transistors or MOSFETS. This circuit has an advantage. It has FORWARD, OFF, REVERSE and BRAKE (off is BRAKE). The relays are single-pole change-over. The circuits we will discuss are called a transistor H-BRIDGE. The active sections of the circuit create the letter "H" to produce the term "H-Bridge." There are a number of different H-Bridge designs and the actual circuit will depend on the number of transistors, the type of layout, the number of control lines, the voltage of the bridge, and a number of other factors. This circuit uses a combination of four relays as shown in figure 6. Input A HIGH, Input D HIGH - forward rotation Input B HIGH, Input C HIGH - reverse rotation Input A HIGH, Input B HIGH - not allowed Input C HIGH, Input D HIGH - not allowed

Fig 6. H bridge Connection for Forward and reverse Direction

IV. AUTHOR’S PROTOTYPE AND OUTPUT Figure 7 represents the receiver side interface 8 channel relay module with 8 bit RF receiver. It is isolated from

transmitter side. Figure 8 represents the DC SSR interface with DC Geared motor. Arduino Uno microcontroller board is interfaced with the RF transmitter side. Console is connected with personal computer through USB cable. DC SSR is placed between H-Bridge and DC source. It is operated by PWM signals from Arduino uno board.







Fig. 7 Receiver Side

Fig 8. DC Motor interface with DC SSR

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The speed control and direction control works were done successfully by experimental. In future we are going to

increase the number of motors and various types of motors in this console. In this experiment we obtained 10 levels of speed for two directions by increasing 10% and decreasing 10% at its speed.

REFERENCES

[1] L.Boaz, S.Priyatharshini. "Atmega 328 Based Industrial Conveyor Model Simulation in PROTEUS ISIS." International Journal for Scientific

Research & Development 3.2 (2015). [2] L, Boaz. "Microcontroller Based Industrial DC Motors Console Model Simulation in PROTEUS ISIS." International Conference on Emerging

Trends in Engineering and Technology. Trabancore Engineering College, Oyoor, Kollam, Kerala, India, 2014.


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DC Motor Direction and Speed Control by Arduino through RF