DCOM

• DCOM

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Broadcom Products

1 Broadcom's product line spans computer and telecommunication

networking: the company has products for enterprise/metropolitan

high-speed networks, as well as products for SOHO (small-office,

home-office) networks


Broadcom Products

1 Broadcom also shut down its Blu-ray

chip business


Broadcom NICs and networking

1 All major hardware vendors include (amongst other vendors like Intel)

Broadcom NICs in their workstation and server-products. Even when

hardware vendors implement Ethernet NICs on the motherboard

they are marketed as Broadcom. For example the Dell blade-switch M610

has two embedded Gigabit NetXtreme 5709 NICs.


Broadcom Trident+ ASIC

1 The latest Broadcom Trident+ ASIC is used in many high-speed 10Gb+ switches from the largest switch-

vendors such as: Cisco Nexus switches running NX-OS, Dell Force10 running FTOS, all Arista 7050-series

switches, the IBM/BNT 8264, and Juniper QFX3500.


Broadcom Consumer design components

1 Broadcom also provides components for a number of high-profile consumer devices:



1 Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for Apple

iPhone 3GS and iPod touch second generation.



1 In Q2 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip” as deployed in millions of notebooks and PDAs across the

globe, enabling Nintendo 802.11b connectivity with DS and 802.11g for the Wii. More specifically, Broadcom would provide Bluetooth connectivity

for Wii's controller.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 In 2012 Broadcom started producing systems on the chips and first

system on chip which produced by Broadcom is BCM28155 which used

in Samsung Galaxy S II Plus and Samsung Galaxy Grand.


Broadcom Notable employees

1 Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of trellis coded modulation



1 Sophie Wilson, designer of the ARM CPU instruction set



1 Larry Wall, creator of the Perl programming language


Broadcom Broadcom and Linux

1 Some free and open source drivers are available and included in the Linux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless

chips Broadcom produces. Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel some

Broadcom chips have kernel support but require external firmware to be

built.



1 In 2003, the Free Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not

complying with the GNU General Public License as Broadcom

distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without

making that code public.



1 The chipset was adopted by Linksys which was later purchased by Cisco. Cisco eventually published source

code for the firmware for its WRT54G wireless broadband router under the

GPL-license.



1 In October, Broadcom's commitment to the free software community was underlined when the previously proprietary parts of the Raspberry Pi userland were released under a BSD-style license, making it "the first ARM-based multimedia SoC with fully functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to

partial, reverse engineered) fully open-source drivers", although this claim has not

been universally accepted.


Broadcom Manufacturing

1 Broadcom is known as a fabless company


Broadcom Stock options scandal

1 On July 14, 2006, Broadcom announced it had to subtract

$750,000,000 from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On

September 8, 2006 the amount was doubled to $1.5 billion. The company

may also owe additional taxes. On January 24, 2007, it announced a restatement of its financial results

from 1998 to 2005 that totaled $2.22 billion.



1 On May 15, 2008, Samueli, Broadcom CTO, resigned as chairman

of the board and took of a leave of absence as Chief Technology Officer

after being named in a civil complaint by the U.S. Securities and

Exchange Commission (SEC).



1 On June 5, 2008, Broadcom co-founder and former CEO Henry Nicholas and former CFO William Ruehle were indicted on charges of

illegal stock-option backdating. Nicholas was also indicted for violations of federal

narcotics laws. However, in December 2009, federal judge Cormac J. Carney threw out the options backdating charges against Nicholas

and Ruehle after finding that federal prosecutors improperly tried to prevent three

defense witnesses from testifying.


Broadcom Qualcomm litigation and settlement

1 On April 26, 2009, Broadcom settled four years of legal battles over wireless and other patents with Qualcomm Inc., another fabless

semiconductor company headquartered in San Diego,

California, USA.



1 The deal ended the patent litigation as well as complaints of anti-

competitive behavior before trade commissions in the U.S., Europe and

South Korea. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891

million in cash to Broadcom over a 4-year period ending June 2013.



1 In June 2007, the U.S. International Trade Commission blocked the import of new cell phone models based on particular Qualcomm microchips. They found that these Qualcomm

microchips infringe patents owned by Broadcom.


Broadcom BroadVoice

1 For other uses, see BroadVoice.


Broadcom BroadVoice

1 Broadcom authored its own VoIP codecs in 2002, and released them as open source with LGPL license in

2009:


Broadcom BroadVoice

1 BroadVoice 16 with declared bitrate 16 kbit/s and audio sampling frequency 8 kHz


Broadcom BroadVoice

1 BroadVoice 32 with declared bitrate 32 kbit/s and sampling rate of 16 kHz (note however that X-Lite SIP phone's

menu declares bitrate 80000 bit/s)


Broadcom Acquisitions

1 In September 2011, Broadcom bought NetLogic Microsystems for a $3.7 billion deal in cash, excluding

around $450 million of NetLogic employee shareholdings, which will

transfer to Broadcom.



1 Besides a big deal above, through the years, Broadcom has acquired many smaller companies to quickly

enter new markets.



1 Date Acquired companyAmount Expertise



1 January 1999 Maverick Networks $104M in Stock Multi-layer switches for corporate

networks



1 April 1999 Epigram $316M in stock Home networking using telephone wiring, WiFi



1 June 1999 Armedia Inc. $67.2M in stock

Digital Video Decoders



1 August 1999 HotHaus Technologies $280M in stock DSP software for

VOIP



1 August 1999 Altocom$180M in stockSoftware modem

software



1 January 2000 BlueSteel Networks $123M in

stock Security processors



1 March 2000 Digital Furnace Corp $136M in stock Data

compression software



1 March 2000 Stellar Semiconductor$162M in stock

3D graphics processors



1 June 2000 Pivotal Technologies

$242M in stockDigital video chips



1 July 2000 Innovent Systems $500M in stock

Bluetooth radios



1 August 2000 Puyallup Integrated Circuit Company IC design and IC macro

blocks



1 July 2000 Altima Communications $533M in

stock Networking chips



1 October 2000 Newport Communications$1240M in stock10Gbit Ethernet transceivers



1 December 2000 Allayer Communications$271M in stock Enterprise and optical

networking chips



1 January 2001 VisionTech, Ltd. $777M in stockMPEG-2 compression/decompression of

PVRs



1 January 2001 ServerWorks Corp.$1003M in stockI/O controllers for servers and

workstations



1 July 2001 PortaTec Corporation Mobile

devices



1 July 2001 KimalinkWireless and mobile ICs



1 January 2004 RAIDCore, Inc. $16.5M in cash

RAID software



1 April 2004WIDCOMM, Inc.$49M in cash

Software for Bluetooth systems



1 February 2005Alliant Networks, Inc. Cellular

gateway products



1 March 2005 Zeevo, Inc. $26.4M in cash and $2.6M in stock Bluetooth headset

products



1 July 2005 Siliquent Technologies, Inc. $76M in cash 10Gbit Ethernet interface

controllers



1 October 2005 Athena Semiconductors, Inc.$21.6M in cash Digital TV tuners and

Wifi technology



1 January 2006Sandburst Corporation$75M in cash and $5M in stock

SOC chips for Ethernet packet switching



1 May 2007 Octalica, Inc.$31M in cash

Multimedia Over Coax technology



1 June 2007 Global Locate, Inc.$146M in cash GPS chips and

software



1 March 2008 Sunext Design, Inc.$48M in cash Optical disk

drive technologies



1 August 2008 AMD (DTV Processor Division)$141.5M in cash (Original deal was $192.8M) Xilleon DTV processor chips, software and TV

tuners



1 December 2009 Dune Networks $178M in

cash High speed network switches



1 February 2010 Teknovus $123M in cashEthernet Passive Optical Network (EPON)

chipsets and software



1 June 2010 Innovision Research & Technology plc $47.5M in cashNear field communication expertise

and IP



1 October 2010Beceem

Communications$316M in cash 4G

LTE/WiMax expertisehttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 November 2010 Gigle Networks $75M in cash

Multimedia home networking



1 April 2011 Provigent Ltd. $313M in cashMicrowave Backhaul



1 May 2011 SC Square Ltd. $41.9M in cashIsrael-based security software developer



1 June 2012 Wisair $1M in cash Short-range

Wireless data transmission


CompuServe - WorldCom acquisition and deal with AOL

1 The battle for customers between AOL and CompuServe became one of handing customers back and forth,

using free hours and other enticements



1 H&R Block was going through its own

management changes at the same time



1 In 1997, H&R Block announced its intention to divest itself of

CompuServe. A number of potential buyers came to the forefront, but the

terms they offered were unacceptable to H&R Block

management. One would have involved a leveraged buyout which

would have saddled the CompuServe shareholders with substantial debt. AOL, the most likely buyer, made

several offers to purchase CompuServe using AOL stock, but H&R Block management sought cash, or at least a higher quality

stock.



1 Sidgmore said that at this point the world was in balance: the

accountants were doing taxes, AOL was doing information services, and

WorldCom was doing networks.



1 The only reason the H&R Block management team agreed to accept

WCOM stock in exchange for the ownership of CompuServe was they

had worked out a deal to sell the WCOM stock for $1.2 billion in cash

immediately after the transaction. In the end, H&R Block received $1.2

billion for a company it had paid $20 million for eighteen years earlier,

during which it also generated substantial profits.



1 Soon thereafter, WorldCom began its

spiral to bankruptcy, re-emerging as MCI



1 In the process of splitting CompuServe into its two major

businesses, CompuServe Information Services and CompuServe Network Services, WorldCom and AOL both

desired to make use of the CompuServe name and trademarks.

Consequently, a jointly owned holding company was formed for no other purpose than to hold title to various trademarks, patents and other intellectual property, and to

license that intellectual property at no cost to both WorldCom (now

Verizon) and AOL.


Free and open-source graphics device driver - Broadcom

1 and on October 24, 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation, in co-

operation with Broadcom, announced they open sourced, "all the ARM (CPU) code that drives the GPU"


Bluetooth stack - Widcomm

1 Widcomm was the first Bluetooth stack for the Windows operating system. The stack was initially

developed by a company named Widcomm Inc., which was acquired by Broadcom Corporation in April

2004. Broadcom continues to license the stack for inclusion with many

Bluetooth-powered end-user devices.


Bluetooth stack - Widcomm

1 An API is available for interacting with the stack from a custom

application. For developers there is also a utility named BTServer Spy Lite bundled with the stack (some

vendor-tied versions excluded) which monitors Bluetooth activity on the stack at a very low level - although the category and level of trace is

configurable. This stack also allows use of RFCOMM without creating a virtual serial port in the operating

system.


Broadcom

1 'Broadcom Corporation' is an American fabless manufacturing|

fabless semiconductor company in the wireless and broadband

communication business. The company is headquartered in Irvine, California. Broadcom was founded by

a professor-student pair Henry Samueli and Henry T. Nicholas III

from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) in 1991. In 1995, the company moved from its Westwood, California, office to Irvine, California.


Broadcom

1 In 1998, Broadcom became a public company on the NASDAQ exchange

(ticker symbol: BRCM) and now employs approximately 11,750

people worldwide in more than 15 countries.


Broadcom

1 Broadcom is among Gartner's Top 10

Semiconductor Vendors by revenue.


Broadcom

1 In 2012, Broadcom's total revenue was $8.01 billion. In 2013, Broadcom

was No. 327 on the Fortune 500, climbing 17 places from its 2012

ranking of No. 344.


Broadcom

1 Broadcom first landed on the Fortune 500 in 2009. The Broadcom

logo was designed by Eliot Hochberg, based on the logo for the company's previous name, Broadband Telecom.

The Broadband Telecom logo was designed by co-founder Henry

Nicholas' then-wife Stacey Nicholas, who was inspired by the

mathematical sinc function.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Broadcom - Products

1 Broadcom's product line spans computer network|computer and

telecommunications network|telecommunication networking: the

company has products for enterprise/metropolitan high-speed

networks, as well as products for Small office/home office|SOHO

(small-office, home-office) networks


Broadcom - Products

1 Broadcom also shut down its Blu-ray chip business


Broadcom - NICs and networking

1 Vendors have included Broadcom NICs in their products. For example the Dell blade-server M610 has two embedded Gigabit NetXtreme 5709

NICs.Technical specs on the [http://www.dell.com/us/business/p/p

oweredge-m610/pd?~ck= Dell PowerEdge M610], visited January

27, 2012


Broadcom - Trident+ ASIC

1 The latest Broadcom Trident+ ASIC is used in many high-speed 10-gigabit Ethernet|10Gb+ switches from the

largest switch-vendors such as Cisco Nexus switches running NX-OS,

[ http://www.computerworlduk.com/news/networking/3263636/cisco-rolls-

out-nexus-3000-switch-for-low-latency-stock-trading-traffic/ Cisco

rolls out Nexus 3000], visited January 28, 2012 Dell Force10 running

FTOS,The Register on [ http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/04/26/force10_networks_switch_upgrade/ Force10 cranks Ethernet switches

to 40 Gigabits], April 23, 2011; visited January 28, 2012Jason

Edelman Blog on [ http://www.jedelman.com/1/post/201

1/12/40gbe-data-center-switching.html 40 Gbps datacenter

switching], December 10, 2011


Broadcom - Consumer design components

1 * Broadcom supplies the WiFi+Bluetooth combo chip for Apple

iPhone 3GS and iPod touch second generation.



1 * In Q2 2005, Broadcom Corporation announced it would be providing Nintendo its “online solution on a chip” as deployed in millions of

laptop|notebooks and Personal digital assistant|PDAs across the globe,

enabling Nintendo 802.11b connectivity with Nintendo DS|DS

and 802.11g for the Wii. More specifically, Broadcom would provide

Bluetooth connectivity for Wii's controller.



1 * In 2012 Broadcom started producing System on a chip|systems on the chips and first system on chip

which produced by Broadcom is BCM28155 which used in Samsung

Galaxy S II#Galaxy S II Plus|Samsung Galaxy S II Plus and Samsung Galaxy

Grand.


Broadcom - Notable employees

1 * Henry Samueli [http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/may/10/tp-broadcom-to-give-rival-

a-run-for-its-money/ Broadcom To Give Rival A Run For Its Money]. UTSanDiego.com (2013-05-09).

Retrieved on 2013-12-08.



1 * Gottfried Ungerboeck, inventor of Trellis modulation|trellis coded modulation



1 * Sophie Wilson, designer of the ARM

architecture|ARM CPU instruction set



1 * Larry Wall, creator of the Perl

programming language



1 * Eben Upton, creator of the Raspberry Pi single-

board computer


Broadcom - Broadcom and Linux

1 Some free and open source drivers are available and included in the Linux kernel source tree for the 802.11b/g/a/n family of wireless

chips Broadcom produces.[http://linuxwireless.sipsolutions.net/en/users/Drivers/b43 b43 Sipsolutions.net], Linux Wireless

Since the release of the 2.6.26 kernel some Broadcom chips have kernel

support but require external firmware to be built.



1 In 2003 the Free Software Foundation accused Broadcom of not complying with the GNU General Public License as Broadcom distributed GPL code in a driver for its 802.11g router chipset without making that code public. The

chipset was adopted by Linksys which was later purchased by Cisco. Cisco eventually published source

code for the firmware for its Linksys WRT54G series|WRT54G wireless broadband router under the GPL-

license.



1 In October, Broadcom's commitment to the free software community was

underlined when the previously Proprietary software|proprietary

parts of the Raspberry Pi User space|userland were released under a BSD licenses|BSD-style license, making it

the first ARM-based multimedia System-on-chip|SoC with fully

functional, vendor-provided (as opposed to partial, Reverse

engineering|reverse-engineered) fully Open-source software|open-source drivers, although this claim has not

been universally accepted.


Broadcom - Manufacturing

1 Broadcom is known as a fabless

manufacturing|fabless company


Broadcom - Stock options scandal

1 On July 14, 2006, Broadcom announced it had to subtract

$750,000,000 from earnings due to stock options irregularities. On

September 8, 2006, the amount was doubled to $1.5 billion. The company may also owe additional taxes. On January 24, 2007, it announced a restatement of its financial results

from 1998 to 2005 that totaled $2.22 billion.



1 On May 15, 2008, Broadcom CTO Samueli resigned as chairman of the board and took of a leave of absence

as Chief Technology Officer after being named in a civil complaint by the U.S. Securities and Exchange

Commission (SEC).



1 [http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-12-16/business/17224232_1_henry-nicholas-iii-broadcom-co-founder-henry-samueli-fair-trial Broadcom

backdating case dismissed]


Broadcom - Qualcomm litigation and settlement

1 The deal ended the patent litigation as well as complaints of anti-

competitive behavior before trade commissions in the United States,

Europe, and South Korea. As part of the settlement, Qualcomm paid $891

million in cash to Broadcom over a four-year period ending June 2013.


Broadcom - BroadVoice

1 * 'BroadVoice 16' with declared bitrate 16 kbit/s and audio sampling frequency 8kHz


Broadcom - BroadVoice

1 * 'BroadVoice 32' with declared bitrate 32 kbit/s and sampling rate of 16kHz (note however that X-Lite SIP

phone's menu declares bitrate 80,000 bit/s)


Broadcom - Acquisitions

1 Besides the NetLogic Microsystems acquisition, through the years, Broadcom has acquired many

smaller companies to quickly enter new markets.


Bernard Ebbers - Post-WorldCom

1 On June 25, 2002, WorldCom admitted to $3.85 billion in

accounting misstatements (the figure eventually grew to $11 billion). This initiated a series of investigations

and legal proceedings, which naturally focused on Ebbers,

WorldCom's then-CEO.


BlueZ - Widcomm

1 Widcomm was the first Bluetooth stack for the Microsoft Windows|Windows operating system. The

stack was initially developed by a company named Widcomm Inc.,

which was acquired by Broadcom Corporation in April 2004. Broadcom

continues to license the stack for inclusion with many Bluetooth-

powered end-user devices.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

WorldCom

1 The corporation was formed originally as a result of the merger of 'WorldCom' and MCI Communications

corporations, and used the name 'MCI WorldCom' succeeded by

'WorldCom' before changing its name to the present version on April 12, 2003, as part of the corporation's ending of its bankruptcy status


WorldCom

1 Retrieved on September 25, 2009.[http://edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINE

SS/04/14/worldcom/ WorldCom to emerge from collapse]


WorldCom - Corporate founding

1 The company began as 'Long Distance Discount Services', Inc.

(LDDS) during 1983, based in Clinton, Mississippi. In 1985 LDDS

selected Bernard Ebbers (born 1941) to be its chief executive officer|CEO.

The company became traded publicly as a corporation in 1989 as a result

of a merger with Advantage Companies Inc. The company name was changed to 'LDDS WorldCom' in

1995.


WorldCom - Corporate founding

1 The acquisition of Digex (DIGX) during June 2001 was also complex;

Worldcom acquired Digex's corporate parent, Intermedia Communications, and then sold all of Intermedia's non-Digex assets to Allegiance Telecom.


WorldCom - MCI acquisition

1 On November 4, 1997, WorldCom and MCI Communications announced

their US$37 billion merger to form MCI WorldCom, making it the largest corporate merger of U.S. history. On

September 15, 1998, the new company, 'MCI WorldCom', opened

for business, after MCI divested itself of its successful internetMCI business to gain approval from the U.S. United

States Department of Justice|Department of Justice.


WorldCom - Proposed Sprint merger

1 Later that year, MCI WorldCom renamed itself simply

WorldCom.


WorldCom - Accounting scandals

1 The board hoped that the loans would avert the need for Ebbers to

sell substantial amounts of his WorldCom stock, as his doing so

would result in further decrease of the stock's price



1 Beginning modestly during mid-1999 and continuing at an accelerated pace through

May 2002, the company—directed by Ebbers (as CEO), Scott Sullivan (executive)|

Scott Sullivan (CFO), David Myers (Comptroller|Controller) and Buford Buddy Yates (Director of General Accounting)—used fraudulent accounting methods to

disguise its decreasing earnings to maintain the price of WorldCom’s stock.



1 The fraud was accomplished primarily in two ways:



1 #Booking line costs (interconnection expenses with other

telecommunication companies) as capital expenditures on the balance

sheet instead of expenses.



1 #Inflating revenues with bogus accounting entries from corporate unallocated revenue

accounts.



1 In 2002, a small team of internal auditors at WorldCom worked

together, often at night and secretly, to investigate and reveal $3.8 billion

worth of fraud



1 By the end of 2003, it was estimated that the company's total assets had been inflated by about $11 billion.


WorldCom - Bankruptcy

1 None of the criminal proceedings against WorldCom and its officers

and agents was originated by referral from Gonzalez or the Department of

Justice lawyers



1 Effective December 16, 2002, Michael Capellas became chairman and chief executive officer. On April

14, 2003, WorldCom changed its name to 'MCI' and relocated its

corporate headquarters from Clinton, Mississippi, to Dulles, Virginia.



1 During May 2003, the company was given a no-bid contract by the United

States Department of Defense to build a cellular telephone network in Iraq. The deal has been criticized by competitors and others who cite the company's lack of experience with

that technology.



1 Breeden to oversee Worldcom's compliance with the SEC

agreement


WorldCom - Post-bankruptcy

1 The company emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy during 2004 with about $5.7 billion in debt and $6

billion in cash. About half of the cash was intended to pay various claims

and settlements. Previous Bond (finance)|bondholders ended up

being paid 35.7 cents on the dollar, in bonds and stock in the new MCI

company. The previous stockholders' stock was cancelled, making it totally

worthless.



1 It had yet to pay many of its creditors, who had waited for two years for a portion of the money

owed. Many of the small creditors included former employees, primarily

those who were dismissed during June 2002 and whose severance and

benefits were withheld when WorldCom filed for bankruptcy.



1 On August 7, 2002, the exWorldCom 5100 group was formed. It was composed of former WorldCom

employees with a common goal of seeking full payment of severance

pay and benefits based on the WorldCom Severance Plan. The 5100 stands for the number of WorldCom employees dismissed on June 28, 2002 before WorldCom filed for

bankruptcy.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 On February 14, 2005, Verizon Communications agreed to acquire MCI for

$7.6 billion.



1 27 Sep 2002 former accounting Board of directors|director Buford

Yates (pleaded guilty to conspiracy and fraud charges on October 7,

2002), and former accounting managers Betty Vinson and Troy Normand (both pleading guilty to conspiracy and securities fraud on

October 10, 2002).[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2002/11/05/national/main528148.shtml 2 More WorldCom Execs Plead

Guilty]



1 On July 13, 2005, Bernard Ebbers received a sentence that would keep him imprisoned for 25 years. At time of sentencing, Ebbers was 63 years

old. On September 26, 2006, Ebbers surrendered himself to the Federal

Bureau of Prisons prison at Oakdale, Louisiana, the Oakdale Federal Corrections Institution to begin

serving his sentence.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html


1 Citigroup settled for $2.65 billion on May 10,

2004.[http://web.archive.org/web/20040606053042/http://www.citigroup.

com/citigroup/press/2004/040510a.htm Citigroup

Reaches Settlement on WorldCom Class Action Litigation for $1.64

Billion After-Tax]



1 In December 2005, the Microsoft corporation announced that MCI will

join it by providing Windows Live Messenger customers Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) service to

make telephone calls. This was MCI's last new product—- called MCI Web

Calling. After the merger, this product was renamed Verizon Web

Calling.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

WorldCom - In the media

1 The character Jack McCallister (played by Alec Baldwin) was based on real-life WorldCom CEO, Bernie

Ebbers[http://www.sfweekly.com/2005-12-21/film/backhanded-slapstick/

Backhanded Slapstick]


WorldCom - In the media

1 *Movie The Other Guys: Will Ferrel's character says to a SEC employee,

From everything I've heard, you guys are the best at these types of

investigations...Outside of Enron... and AIG; and Bernie Madoff;

WorldCom, Bear Stearns, Lehman Brothers.


Converged network adapter - Broadcom

1 These vendors can then include the ten Gigabit CNA with their servers: as

embedded interface on the motherboard (LOM or LAN on

Motherboard), via a mezzanine card in blade servers or as PCI extension-

card.Frank Berry Blog on Network Computing:

[http://www.networkcomputing.com/data-networking-management/broad

com-unveils-converged-network-adapter.php Broadcom unveils CNA],

29 January, 2010, visited: 31 July, 2011


Multi-Threaded Apartment - COM+ and DCOM

1 In order for Microsoft to provide developers with support for

distributed transactions, resource pooling, disconnected applications, event publication and subscription,

better memory and processor (thread) management, as well as to

position Windows as an alternative to other enterprise-level Operating Systems, Microsoft introduced a

technology called Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) on Windows

NT 4.



1 At the same time, Microsoft de-emphasized Distributed Component Object Model|DCOM as a separate

entity



1 Windows 2000 also revised the Component Services control panel

application used to configure COM+ components.



1 An advantage of COM+ was that it could be run in component farms. Instances of a component, if coded

properly, could be pooled and reused by new calls to its initializing routine without unloading it from memory.

Components could also be distributed (called from another

machine). COM+ and Microsoft Visual Studio provided tools to make it easy

to generate client-side proxies, so although DCOM was used to make

the remote call, it was easy to do for developers.



1 COM+ also introduced a subscriber/publisher event mechanism called 'COM+ Events', and provided a new way of leveraging Microsoft Message Queuing|MSMQ (inter-application

asynchronous messaging) with components called 'Queued Components'. COM+ events extend the COM+ programming model to

support late-bound (see Late binding) events or method calls between the publisher or

subscriber and the event system.


Graphics hardware and FOSS - Broadcom

1 and on October 24, 2012 the Raspberry Pi Foundation, in co-

operation with Broadcom, announced they open sourced, all the ARM (CPU)

code that drives the GPU


Graphics hardware and FOSS - Broadcom

1 The project 'videocoreiv'https://github.com/herm

anhermitage/videocoreiv tries to document the VideoCore GPUs.

Based upon this documentation a driver could be written.


Citigroup - Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossing bankruptcies

1 In 2004, Citigroup paid $2.65billion to settle a lawsuit concerning their role in selling stocks and bonds for

WorldCom, the second largest telecommunications company in the world, inflating the earnings for 2001

and the first quarter of 2002, and paid $2.575billion for settlement,

which collapsed in 2002 in an accounting scandal


Citigroup - Enron, WorldCom and Global Crossing bankruptcies

1 On November 8, 2007, Citigroup Inc had a lawsuit for artificially

manipulating and inflating its stock prices by misrepresentations and

omissions of what amounted to more than two years of income and an entire significant line of business,

and paid $590million for settlement


Vivien v. Worldcom

1 'Vivien v. WorldCom, Inc.', No. 02-01329 WHA (United States District Court for the Northern District of

California|N.D. Cal. July. 26, 2002) established a new legal theory

permitting workers to recover for losses in their 401(k) retirement

plans caused by investment in their employers’ stock.


Vivien v. Worldcom - Facts

1 The Complaint alleged that the WorldCom Retirement Plan

administrators were MCI Inc.|WorldCom insiders who knew or had

reason to know that the price of WorldCom stock was artificially high

because public statements concerning the Company’s business

and prospects were false or misleading to investors. When the

facts became public, the stock plummeted.



1 ;Problems With Remedies Under the

Securities Law



1 The allegations of fraud and artificial inflation of WorldCom’s stock price

formed the basis for a lawsuit brought by investors under the

securities laws, but that suit offered inadequate chance for recovery for WorldCom employees who invested

in company stock in their 401(k) plan. A common perception is that employees actually own stock in

their companies when they invest in company stock funds in their

retirement plan, typically the plan itself owns the stock.



1 The securities laws provide limited help in the case of 401(k) plans

because investors can only recover for shares that they purchased

during the period when the stock was artificially inflated by fraud; they

cannot recover for losses to stocks that they purchased before the fraud began, but held during the period of artificial inflation. Moreover, suits on behalf of a retirement plan need only

prove breach of fiduciary duty and are not required to meet the more

difficult fraud standard.



1 ;The Vivien Suit’s ERISA-Based Theory

of Recovery



1 Because of the limitations outlined above, plaintiffs in the Vivien action

sued under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA) of 1974,

a federal statute established to protect the rights of employee

benefit plan participants.



1 ERISA requires that those who run employee welfare plans – including 401(k) retirement plans – have a

duty to provide accurate information about the plans to participants, and

to invest the assets of the plans prudently. These are “fiduciary

duties” – the highest duties imposed by law.



1 The [http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-9933605_ITM Vivien Complaint] alleged that the

Defendants breached their fiduciary duty of prudence under ERISA by continuing to invest plan assets in

WorldCom stock when the stock was artificially inflated by the false and

misleading statements of WorldCom’s senior management.



1 The Defendants moved to [http://www.worldcomlitigation.com/c

ourtdox/11.21.02CoteOrder.pdf dismiss the complaint], arguing that

it was actually a securities-fraud action governed by the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act

masquerading as an ERISA action. The Court disagreed.


Vivien v. Worldcom - Judgment

1 Giving the judgment of the Court, Judge William Alsup held that the plaintiff’s complaint adequately

alleged that the defendants acted in a fiduciary capacity and had breached that duty by their

imprudent investment in company stock.


Vivien v. Worldcom - Significance

1 The Vivien decision provided the legal framework for many similar

suits filed by employees of companies such as Time Warner|AOL

Time Warner, Reliant Energy, Cardinal Health, Tyco International, Merck Co.|Merck, and Dell. In the wake of these suits, many major

companies have begun to restructure their 401(k) plans, eliminating the

requirement to own company stock.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Tone at the top - MCI_Inc.|MCI Inc/WorldCom

1 The board hoped that the loans would avert the need for Ebbers to

sell substantial amounts of his WorldCom stock, as his doing so

would put further downward pressure in the stock's price



1 Beginning modestly in mid-year 1999 and continuing at an accelerated

pace through May 2002, the company (under the direction of

Ebbers, Scott Sullivan (executive)|Scott Sullivan (CFO), David Myers

(Comptroller) and Buford Buddy Yates (Director of General Accounting))

used fraudulent accounting methods to mask its declining earnings by

painting a false picture of financial growth and profitability to prop up

the price of WorldCom’s stock.



1 #Booking ‘line costs’ (interconnection expenses with other

telecommunication companies) as capital expenditure|capital on the

balance sheet instead of expenses.



1 In 2002, a small team of internal auditors at WorldCom worked

together, often at night and in secret, to investigate and unearth $3.8

billion in fraud


Executive pay in the United States - Executive loans and WorldCom

1 In the 1990s and early 2000s, loans by companies to executives with low interest rates and forgiveness often served as a form of compensation



1 quoted in Bebchuk and Fried, Pay Without Performance (2004),

p.181share prices of several large corporations—Enron, Tyco

International, Adelphia Communications Corporation|

Adelphia, Peregrine Systems Kmart and WorldCom -- collapsed in 2002 following accounting scandals And

among firms whose shares fell by at least 75 percent, 25 had executives sell a total of $23 billion before their stocks plummeted.You bought, they

sold, Mark Gimein, Fortune, September 2, 2002



1 The loans were both unsecured and about half the normal interest rate a

brokerage firm would have charged.Bebchuk and Fried, Pay

Without Performance (2004), p.113 WorldCom filed for bankruptcy a few

months after the last loans were made.



1 Conglomerate Tyco International lent its chief executive, L. Dennis Kozlowski, at least

$88 million from 1999 to 2001. During Tyco's 2001 fiscal year, as he continued to say publicly that he rarely if ever sold his Tyco shares, Mr. Kozlowski returned $70

million of the stock to the company, partly to repay loans. Later that year and early the

next, Tyco's stock fell 40 percent over concerns that the company's accounting

methods ... inflated profits.


Geni.com - GEDCOM

1 While Geni has the ability to allow users to import their family history

using the GEDCOM format, this facility has been disabled. Geni

found it was duplicating thousands of existing profiles, without adding much (or any) new information. They plan to re-enable GEDCOM imports once they rewrite the

importer to take the close family profiles and screen out the rest.


Hancock Field Air National Guard Base - Known ADCOM units assigned

1 * 32d Air Division, Reassigned, 12 February 1952 – 15 August

1958



1 * 26th Air Division, Reassigned, 15

August 1958 – 16 June 1964



1 : Re-designated: Syracuse Air

Defense Sector,1 October 1956-4 September 1963



1 * 4624th Support Group, Activated, 1 January 1960 – 1 September

1963



1 * 4789th Air Base Group, Activated, 1 May 1971



1 * 672d Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, Activated on 1 December 1956 – 1

July 1957



1 * 644th Radar Squadron, Activated 1 October 1954 – 1

July 1955



1 * 907th Radar Squadron, Activated on 26 May 1953 – 1

April 1955



1 * 4673d Ground Observation Squadron, Reassigned on 15 February 1952 – 15 August

1958


Disney Channel Original Movie - Highest-rated Disney Channel Original Movie (DCOM) premieres

1 http://www.multichannel.com/campaigns/%E2%80%98camp-rock

%E2%80%99-reels-89-million-viewers/133751?

quicktabs_featured_and_popular=0[http://www.tvguide.com/news/Disney-Channel-Rocks-11829.aspx Disney

Channel Rocks the Ratings - Today's News: Our Take | TVGuide.com]

[http://www.usmagazine.com/entertainment/pictures/demi-lovato-through-

the-years-2011287/16362 Camp Rock Photo - Demi Lovato Through

The Years - Us Weekly]



1 |11.4 million viewers[http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2009/08/29/disney-channels-wizards-of-waverly-place-the-movie-scores-11-4-million-viewers/25660/

Disney Channel’s Wizards of Waverly Place The Movie scores 11.4 million

viewers - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com]

[http://www.adweek.com/news/television/disneys-wizards-conjures-114-

million-viewers-113240 Disney's 'Wizards' Conjures Up 11.4 Million

Viewers | Adweek]



1 |7.9 million viewers[http://www.thefutoncritic.co

m/ratings/2010/09/08/disney-channel-grooves-to-the-top-of-the-tv-cable-charts-with-camp-rock-2-the-final-jam-37309/20100908disney01/ Ratings - Disney Channel Grooves to the Top of the TV/Cable Charts with

Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam | TheFutonCritic.com][http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/09/08/disney-channel-grooves-to-the-top-of-the-

tvcable-charts-with-%E2%80%9Ccamp-rock-2-the-final-

jam%E2%80%9D/62527/ Disney Channel Grooves to the Top of the

TV/Cable Charts With “Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam” - Ratings |

TVbytheNumbers.Zap2it.com][http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/09/tv-ratings-camp-rock-2-the-final-jam-pulls-in-8-million-total-

viewers.html TV Ratings: 'Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam' pulls in 8 million

total viewers - Zap2it][http://www.clevvertv.com/jon

as-brothers/17000/camp-rock-2-8-million-viewers.html Camp Rock 2: 8

Million Viewers!][http://www.deadline.com/2010/09/cable-ratings-rat-race-8-mil-watch-camp-rock-2-another-record-

for-jersey-shore-season-high-for-project-runway/ CABLE RATINGS RAT

RACE: 8 Mil Watch 'Camp Rock 2', Another Record For 'Jersey Shore' Season High For 'Project Runway' -

Deadline.com]



1 |7.6 million viewers[http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/08/06/phineas-and-ferb-across-the-2nd-dimension-averages-

7-6-million-total-viewers/99798/ Phineas and Ferb: Across the 2nd

Dimension Averages 7.6 Million Total Viewers]. Accessed 2012-04-04.


Henry Samueli - Broadcom origins

1 In 1998, when Broadcom became a publicly traded company, Samueli

stopped working as a professor, but the Henry Samueli School of

Engineering and Applied Science|UCLA Department of Electrical

Engineering still maintains his name on the list of faculty.


Jed Rakoff - SEC v. WorldCom

1 Rakoff presided over the Securities and Exchange Commission's accounting fraud suit against

WorldCom, and, on July 7, 2003, approved a settlement between the

SEC and Worldcom.



1 Rakoff appointed Richard C. Breeden, former Chair of the Securities and Exchange Commission, to serve as

Corporate Monitor. Breeden actively involved himself in the management

of the company, and prepared a report for Judge Rakoff, titled

Restoring Trust, in which he proposed extensive corporate governance

reforms, as part of an effort to cast the new MCI into what he hoped would become a model of how

shareholders should be protected and how companies should be run.



1 The reforms were implemented, and Rakoff later credited Breeden with helping to transform a fraud-ridden

company into an honest, well-governed, economically viable entity, MCI, Inc. WorldCom was purchased

by Verizon in January 2006.


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