De Odyssey Dawn à Unified Protector : bilan transitoire, perspectives et premiers enseignements de l’engagement en Libye

8/2/2019 De Odyssey Dawn Unified Protector : bilan transitoire, perspectives et premiers enseignements de lengagement

1/25

E~|s tg mfis hd oem~ekgd e|idggd hi|ikd ~e|jFXEG* dg e~~jioexifg hd je |sfjtxifg 59;?* he-

lf|h hegs jd oeh|d hd jFhyssdy He{g "FFH)*~tis hd jTgiaidh ^|fxdoxf| "FT^)* odxxd gfxd~|f~fsd tgd |ajdrifg st| jd lijeg x|egsixfi|d dxjds ~d|s~doxiqds hd jdgkekdmdgx dg Jilyd'

Lidg utetotg ~eys gd seoof|hd ojei|dmdgx st|j xex aigej |dobd|ob hd jeoxifg mijixei|d* odx-xd hd|gi|d |~fgh xbf|iutdmdgx tg fl`doxiaofd|oixia* jflxdgxifg htg odssdp-jd-adt* jdutdj e~dt hd sdgs hegs jd ofgxdrxd htgd ofga|fgxexifg ltx elsfjt dgx|d jd ~ftqfi| hd X|i~fji dx jds ig-st|ks' Jeoxifg mijixei|d stix x|fis erds 0 jdm-le|kf me|iximd st| jds e|mds* je misd dg tq|dhtgd pfgd higxd|hioxifg hd st|qfj dx dgaig je~|fxdoxifg hds oiqijs* odsx odx fl`doxia uti seq|djd ~jts ~|fljmexiutd* oe| ~essegx ~e| je hds-x|toxifg hds mfydgs faadgsias hd Cehbeai'

Jdgkekdmdgx mijixei|d dsx-ij hegs jim~essd 6Hiaaioijd hi|d' Ij dsx ~|fleljd utd jds af|ods e-

|idggds* gfxemmdgx em|ioeigds* a|egeisds dxl|ixeggiutds* fgx ts hd aefg h` im~f|xegxdje~~e|dij mijixei|d ht mex|d hd X|i~fji* hx|ti-segx gfxemmdgx sfg sysxmd hd hadgsd egxie-|idggd igxk|d dx st|xftx ~jtsidt|s odgxeigdshe|mds jft|hds' Odje xegx* hd gfml|dtr aeo-xdt|s jimixdgx jds ~d|s~doxiqds hd hisjfoexifg htsysxmd hd af|od hd Cehbeai 0 jd |dx|eix hdsmfydgs hd ofmlex em|ioeigs aig me|s* dx jd aeixutd sdtjs sir ~eys* etr mfydgs jimixs* ~e|xioi-~dgx etr a|e~~ds* jds hiaaiotjxs hd jFXEG f|-kegisd| tg ofgx|jd f~|exifggdj daaioeod* je aei-

ljdssd mijixei|d hd jigst||doxifg et sfj dx jehe~-xexifg xeoxiutd hds af|ods jilydggds etr eoxifgshd je ~tissegod e|idggd'

_i odxxd sixtexifg gigoixd ~es jf~ximismd* jd

gfxd g>8&55

^ b i j i ~ ~ d K | f s

Obe|k hd |dobd|obd je Afghexifg ~ft|je \dobd|obd _x|exkiutd

Hd Fhyssdy He{g Tgiaidh

^|fxdoxf| 0 lijeg x|egsixfi|d*

~d|s~doxiqds dx ~|dmid|s dgsdikgd-mdgxs hd jdgkekdmdgx dg Jilyd

"Odxxd gfxd oftq|d jds qgdmdgxs `tsutet


2/25

e~~e|dijs je aig hd jf~|exifg Fhyssdy He{g' Jd xeljdetoi-e~|s dg ~|sdgxd jds ~|igoi~ejds oe|eox|isxi-utds5' Ij gd ~|dgh od~dghegx ~es dg ofm~xd jdse~~e|dijs hd sftxidg ft ofgx|iltegx etr missifgshdmle|kf me|iximd "ofmmd jds eqifgs hd ~e-x|ftijjd me|iximd)'

Hd Fhyssdy He{g Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf| 0

lijeg x|egsixfi|d* ~d|s~doxiqds dx ~|dmid|s dgsdikgdmdgx hd jdgkekdmdgx dg Jilyd

^eys Mfydgs Lesd hd h~jfidmdgx

Dxexs-Tgis

E~~e|dijs hd ofmlexdm~jfys hegs jdoeh|d FhyssdyHe{g

5> A-54D _x|icd Dekjd "igxd|hioxifg) Eqiegf

5< A-51 O@ "st~~|dssifg hds hadgsds egxie-

|idggds dggdmids* _DEH)8< A-51 OK "igxd|hioxifg)4 DE-52K hd je Geqy "_DEH )

1 E-5>

1 Be||id|s EQ-2L "igxd|hioxifg) >H "igxd|hioxifg) _fjdgpe|e ~tis Je _thd

? Mi|ekd >>-4 "st~|if|ix e|idggd) Je _thd

O-5?4 "|eqixeijjdmdgx) Isx|ds


3/25

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D-?A E[EO_ Eqf|h

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< D-< Be{cdyd

Ê Obe|jds hd Ketjjd

K|eghd-L|dxekgdF~|exifg Djjemy

5> Xy~bffg "st~|if|ix e|idggd* igxd|hioxifg Kifie hdj Ofjjd

2 dx meigxdgegx 5< Xf|gehf K\8 "igxd|hioxifg)

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Hdoimfmeggt "_ioijd)

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Hegdme|c 1 A-51 "igxd|hioxifg) _ikfgdjje

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E|erfs "K|od)

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Hdoimfmeggt

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Eqdo jd jegodmdgx hd jf~|exifg Tgiaidh ^|f-xdoxf| hd jFXEG* je me`dt|d ~e|xid hds e~~e-|dijs higxd|hioxifg em|ioeigs e x ~jeod dg|sd|qd "oe|xd 5)'

Jd his~fsixia geqej "oe|xd


4/25

8

mdgxhd giqdet ? "je sygxbsd |dgsdikgdmdgx hdjqejtexifg hds hfmmekds)* je megtq|d hdsoe~xdt|s* je~~ti et oiljekd hf~~f|xtgix'

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xifg htgd aefg im~|fqisd* ofm~e|eljd odjjduti ~|qetx hegs tgd f~|exifg hd sdoft|s ht|-kdgod' Hegs jds ~|dmid|s `ft|s* jd @AEOO hd\emsxdig esst|eix je sim~jd xdgtd hd sixtexifg

Oe|xd 5 -Oe|xd ht his~fsixia hd je ofejixifg et hltx hd jdgkekdmdgx sft|od 0 @fjjy @eggd| st| {ici~dhie

sft|od 0 @fjjy @eggd| st| {ici~dhie*bxx~0&&ofmmfgs'{icimdhie'f|k&{ici&Aijd0OfejixifgVeoxifgVekeigsxVJilyeVxdrxVa|'sqk

ei| dx je hofgajioxifg s~exiejd dx xdm~f|djjddgx|d jds f~|exifgs "Fhyssdy He{g* Be|mexxeg*Djjemy) hfgx jds missifgs* jds fl`doxias dxmfydgs hhis |dsxeidgx airs ~e| obeutd gexifg~e|xioi~egxd8' E~|s 82 ;< bdt|ds hd x|eqeijeobe|g* jds xexs-me`f|s hd je @figx Xesc Af|od

st| jd Mftgx [bixgdy dx ht @AEOO sfgx ~e|qd-gts igxk|d| jds e~~|fobds hds hiaa|dgxds ge-xifgs gfxemmdgx jdt|s oeqdexs dg mexi|d hd|kjds hdgkekdmdgx4' Je ofejixifg e ejf|s |d~|is


5/25

4

tg mfhd hd afgoxifggdmdgx ~jts ojessiutd eqdotg @AEOO ~jts hi|doxia 0 bi|e|obisexifg hds fl-`doxias* |~e|xixifg hds missifgs* kg|exifg hdjEi| Xescigk F|hd| "EXF)jf|h|d hd missifg ei|utfxihidg* f|obdsx|egx jdgsdmljd hds f~|e-xifgs* misd dg ~jeod htg his~fsixia hd oiljekdhf~~f|xtgix* dxo1'

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utd Gf|h* dx hfgx jd ofmmeghdmdgx f~|exifg-gdj obfix et Jx-Kdg Lftobe|h "oegehidg)* jeh-`figx hd jemi|ej Jfocjde|* txijisd jfkiutdmdgxxftxd jiga|esx|toxt|d hd O ht @AO Ge~jds* jd

k|egh ofmmeghdmdgx hd jEjjiegod;' Jf~|exifgTgiaidh |fxdoxf| hfix ht|d| 9> `ft|s'

Jds k|eghds jikgds hd jeoxiqix f~-

|exifggdjjdJeoxiqix f~|exifggdjjd hds af|ods e|idggdsht|egx jf~|exifg Fhyssdy He{g* xdjjd utd ~|-sdgxd ~e| jd ^dgxekfgd* dsx ojei|dmdgx e|xiotjddg hdtr ~besds 0

tgd ~besd igixiejd hds x|fis ~|dmid|s `ft|s*eqdo tg qfjtmd hd 1>-;> sf|xids* ~|igoi~e-jdmdgx esst|ds ~e| jds Em|ioeigs* jdsA|egeis "uti dg drotxdgx 44* sfix ~jts htute|x) dx jds L|ixeggiutds 3

tg eoo|fissdmdgx im~f|xegx hd jeoxiqix

~e|xi| ht me|hi sf|xidsutfxihidggds'

Oe|xd < - Jd his~fsixia geqej hd je ofejixifg

_ft|od0 HFH Gd{s L|idaigk {ixb Qiod Ehm Kf|xgdy a|fm xbd ^dgxekfgfg Jilye F~d|exifg Fhyssdy He{g * Me|ob


6/25

1

Fhyssdy He{g Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf|

Ehmi|ej Jfocjde|

Ejjidh @figx Af|od Ofmmeghd|

Ge~jds ! T_ Geqej Af|od OH\

Dt|f~d ! Ea|ioe

ofmmeghd je @figx Xesc Af|od

Fhyssdy He{g

T__ Mftgx [bixgdy

Kdgd|ej Bem

EA\IOFM OH\

Ofmmeghegx hd jf~|exfg

Fhyssdy He{g "FFH)

_xtxxke|x

Me`f|-Kdg [ffh{e|h

5;xb Ei| Af|od OH\

ofmmeghd je

ofm~fsegxd e|idggdhd je @XA FFH

Qiod Ehmi|ej Be||is

QIxb Ajddx OH\

Ofmmeghd je

ofm~fsegxd geqejdhd je @XA FFH

15;xb Ei| F~d|exifgs Odgxd|

\emsxdig

Ofgx|jd jds f~|exifgs

e|idggds hd je ofejixifg


geqejds hd je ofejixifg

T__ Mftgx [bixgdy

Jx-Kdg Lftobe|h

Eh` @figx Af|od

Ofmmeghd| Ge~jds

ofmmeghd je

Ofmligdh@figx Xesc

Af|od Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf|

Ge~jds

Ehmi|ej _xeq|ihis

_t~|dmd Ejjidh Ofmmeghd|

Dt|f~d

Mfgs

Ofejixifg

Obegds hd ofmmeghdmdgx dx hd ofgx|jd f~|exifggdj

Jx-Kdg@fhiod II

Ejjidh Ei|

Ofm~fgdgx Ofmmegh

ofmmeghd jeofm~fsegxd e|idggd

hd Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf|

Ipmi| "Xt|utid)

Qiod Ehmi|ej Qd|i

Ejjidh Me|iximd

Ofmmeghofmmeghd je

ofm~fsegxd geqejd

hd Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf|

Ofmligdh Ei| F~d|exifgs Odgxd|

^fkkif \dgexiof "Ix)

Ge~jds


e|idggds


geqejds

K|e~biutds hds sf|xids e|idggds hd je ofejixifg


7/25

;

_ft|od0 HFH Gd{s L|idaigk {ixb Qiod Ehm Kf|xgdy a|fm xbd ^dgxekfgfg Jilye F~d|exifg Fhyssdy He{g * Me|ob


9/25

9

Et giqdet f~|exifggdj 0 j dgof|d* je~~ti|dgsdikgdmdgx dsx ~|imf|hiej' Fg gfxd|edg je mexi|d jd |jd ~|imf|hiej ht Odgx|dhd |dgsdikgdmdgx ei| "O\E) hd Mdxp' JdO\E e esst| jd x|eixdmdgx hd jigaf|me-xifg |dotdijjid ~e| jds oe~xdt|s hd je|mdhd jEi| "A5O\ ~e| drdm~jd) dx je atsifgg

eqdo jds igaf|mexifgs dx |dgsdikgdmdgxsaft|gis ~e| je H\M* eigsi utd sds odgx|dss~oiejiss* jd odgx|d hd af|mexifg dx hig-xd|~|xexifg igxd|e|mds hd jimekd|id"OAIII) dx jd odgx|d hd af|mexifg dx h+dm-~jfi |djexia etr missifgs jdox|fmekgxi-utds "OADDD)' Ods |dgsdikgdmdgxs hf|iki-gd imekd* dx jf|h|d hd lexeijjd jdox|fgiutdjelf|s ~e|xi| hds igaf|mexifgs |dotdij-jids ~e| jds oe~xdt|s "sexdjjixd Bjifs* O-51>K Kel|idj* dxo') fgx ~d|mis hd mdxx|d `ft| je sixtexifg dggdmid dx hbelijjd| jds

hfssid|s hd sixds drisxegx dg hfssid|shfl`doxias x|eixeljds' Jdgsdmljd e eigsitq| et ~|faix ht Odgx|d gexifgej hdsf~|exifgs e|idggds hd je|md hd jEi| dxhd sfg @AEOO st| je LE 98< hd Jyfg-MfgxQd|htg* uti e ofgx|j je misd dg tq|df~|exifggdjjd 0 sjdoxifg hds e~~e|dijs*~jegiaioexifg hds missifgs* dxo'

Ij ofgqidgx hd gfxd| ~e| eijjdt|s utd jd @AEOOa|egeis et|eix xftx aeix ~t esst|d| jd ofgx|jdf~|exifggdj hd jdgsdmljd hd jf~|exifg e|idg-

gd dg Jilyd hegs jd oeh|d hd jFXEG' Ij eqeix aeixje hmfgsx|exifg hd sds oe~eoixs jeg hd|gid|hegs jd oeh|d hd jdrd|oiod Etsxd|d Obejjdgkd hdT_DTOFM* jf|s htutdj jds Em|ioeigs eqeidgxofgai et A|egeis jd ofmmeghdmdgx hd je ofm-~fsegxd e|idggd mtjxigexifgejd' ^jts hd 4>>~d|sfggdjs hd je|md hd jEi| y eqeidgx ofgx|i-lt5?' Dg ftx|d* ij xeix dg oft|s hd |d-od|xiaioexifg ~ft| esst|d| jd ofmmeghdmdgx hdje ofm~fsegxd e|idggd hd je Gexf \ds~fgsdAf|od 5; ~ft| jd sdofgh sdmdsx|d 55 dx sd ~|-~e|eix ~ft| od aei|d drotxd| dg eq|ij jdrd|oiod

GfljdE|hdgx 5558

' Tg @AEOO hd G\A hfix x|ddg mdst|d hd ofgx|jd| jdrotxifg hdgqi|fg> sf|xids ~ft| 5 e~~e|dijs h~jfys54 sfix tgqfjtmd heoxiqixs utiqejdgx Tgiaidh ^|fxdo-xf|'

Utfiutij dg sfix* odxxd ~jegiaioexifg e ~d|mis je|md hd jEi| hdgkekd| jds bfsxijixs ofgx|d jdsaf|ods ht ofjfgdj Cehbeai jd semdhi 59' Djjd |eji-sd eigsi je ~d|af|megod xftx aeix im~|dssifg-gegxd hd ~|f`dxd| 4 ~ex|ftijjds ? >>> cm hdjdt|s lesds' Dgqi|fg e~~e|dijs hd je|md hdjEi| fgx x eigsi dgkeks hegs odxxd ~|dmi|d

missifg 0 2 \eaejd* < Mi|ekd >>4 "st~|if|ixe|idggd)* < Mi|ekd >>H "igxd|hioxifg)* 1 O-5?4\ "\eqixeijjdmdgx dg qfj)* 5 D? A "E{eos-Oxeoxiutd)'

E ~e|xi| ht mijidt hd je ~|dmi|d sdmeigd* Be|-mexxeg se|xiotjeix etxft| htg his~fsixia hd x|fislesds hd h~jfidmdgx hds mfydgs hd ofmlex 0

Je LE 551 hd _fjdgpe|e hdqidgx je ~|igoi~e-jd lesd f~|exifggdjjd eqegod eqdo jd h-~jfidmdgx hd 1 \eaejd* 1 Mi|ekd >>H dx~jtsidt|s A5O\ hd |dofggeissegod 3

X|fis M >>-4 h~jfys st| je lesd hd je_thd eaig hdrotxd| hds missifgs hd HOEofg`figxdmdgx eqdo jdt|s bfmfjfktds ue-xe|i 3

Je Me|igd h~jfid jd ~f|xd-eqifgs Obe|jdshd Ketjjd eqdo sfg k|ft~d e|fgeqej hd 58\eaejd dx _DM dx < D-< Be{cdyd* ~d|mdx-xegx eigsi tg hftljdmdgx ht gfml|d ~f-xdgxidj hd sf|xids'

\odmmdgx* jds 1 M>>H fgx x |dh~jfys je _thd uti sd x|ftqd 9>> cm hd Mis|exe ofgx|d~jts hd 5 > cm ~ft| _fjdgpe|e' Od |e~~|fobd-mdgx ~d|mdx hd |hti|d jd xdm~s hd x|egsix* ~dtx-x|d hd sd ~essd| htg |eqixeijjdmdgx dg qfj* he-mjif|d| je |eoxiqix ht his~fsixia dg eoo|fissegxjd xdm~s hd ~|sdgod st| jd xbx|d'

Jdgsdmljd ht his~fsixia ~d|mdx hdaadoxtd| utf-xihidggdmdgx dgx|d 54 dx sf|xids higxd|hio-xifg* jd ~jts sftqdgx hds ~ex|ftijjds mirxds \eae-jd&M>>H ft \eaejd&_DM* ~jts ? sf|xids hdsM>>-4 hd je _thd* e~~tyds ~e| tgd hipeigdhd sf|xids hd |eqixeijjdmdgx* hd hxdoxifg dx hd

ofgx|jd "|ejisds ~e| jds E[EO_ ft jds D-


10/25

5>

daadoxiqdmdgx |ejisds'

Je sdofghd ofgx|iltxifg me`dt|d jeoxiqix hd jeofejixifg dsx Djjemy* jf~|exifg l|ixeggiutd'Odsx hegs od oeh|d* uttg _GE hd ojessd X|eaej-ke| e xi| 5> missijds XJEM ht|egx jds ~|dmid|s`ft|s' Je \fyej Ei| Af|od e utegx djjd qis dg-of|d ~jts betx utd jds A|egeis jd ~|dmid| `ft|eqdo jd |eih igixiej mdg ~e| hds Xf|gehf K\8uti~s hd missijds hd o|fisi|d _xf|m _behf{*hd~tis jdt| lesd hd Me|bem' Od |eih dsx ~|sdg-x ~e| jds etxf|ixs l|ixeggiutds ofmmd jd ~jtsjfgk mdg ~e| je \EA hd~tis je ktd||d hds Aej-cjegh51' Utdjutds `ft|s ~jts xe|h* djjd h~jfid 2Xf|gehf K\8 dx 5> Xy~bffg st| je lesd hd Kifiehdj Ofjjd "Ixejid)* e~~tys ~e| hds D-?* hds |eqi-xeijjdt|s QO-5> dx tg gftqdj e~~e|dij mtjxi-oe~xdt|s* jd \5 _dgxigdj' Ij sekix hfgo htg his-~fsixia afgoxifggdjjdmdgx etssi ofm~jdx utd odjtihBe|mexxeg* hqfjt etr mmds missifgs* meiseqdo hdtr afis mfigs he~~e|dijs hd ofmlex' Je\EA daadoxtd hd aeix 54 $ hds sf|xids ht his~fsi-xia* tg gfml|d utiqejdgx odjti hds af|ods ixe-jidggds' Jds sf|xids hd ods e~~e|dijs sd|eidgx od-~dghegx ~jts jfgktds* xfxejisegx * gdsx ~es eis dgx|dxd-gi|59' Odjti uti atx jd ad| hd jegod hds f~|exifgse|idggds hd jFXEG hegs jds eggds 592> gdg|dsxd ~es mfigs tg hds e~~e|dijs higxd|hioxifgjds ~jts daaioeods st| jd ~jeg xeoxiutd* k|od sfgejjfgkd dx sds oe~eoixs hdm~f|x' Hegs jd oeh|d

hDjjemy* jd oft~jd Xf|gehf K\8 missijdL|imsxfgd* tg missijd egxiobe| jkd| dx qjfod*h|iq sf~bisxiut hd jEKM 558 Bdjjai|d txijis~e| jds bjiof~x|ds E~eobd* |d~|sdgxd jigsx|t-mdgx jd ~jts daaioeod hd jFXEG ofgx|d jds ljig-hs jilydgs' Ij ~d|mdx daadoxiqdmdgx hd migimi-sd| jd |isutd hd hfmmekds ofjjex|etr' Et 5?

eq|ij* je \EA |dqdghiutd je hdsx|toxifg htgdodgxeigd hd obe|s* ljighs* ~iods he|xijjd|id dxsysxmds sfj-ei| sfix tg lijeg st~|idt| odjtihds af|ods a|egeisds hegs jd hfmeigd hds e|mdsjft|hds* meis utij ofgqidgx hd ~|dgh|d eqdo ~|-oetxifg'

_i je|md hd jEi|* je Me|igd gexifgejd dx jdt|sbfmfjfktds l|ixeggiutds afgx tgd gftqdjjd afisje hmfgsx|exifg hd jdt| drodjjdgod xeoxiutd* ijgdg |dsxd ~es mfigs utd jdgkekdmdgx hmfgx|dtgd gftqdjjd afis jd afss oe~eoixei|d dgx|d jdsDxexs-Tgis dx jdt|s ~e|xdgei|ds' FFH e x ojei|d-mdgx tgd f~|exifg em|ioeigd dx* e ofgx|e|if*Tgiaidh ^|fxdoxf| mdx dg jtmi|d jds jeotgds hdsejjis'

Dg ~e|xiotjid|* ods hdtr f~|exifgs mfgx|dgxutd 0

Je gdtx|ejisexifg daadoxiqd htg sysxmd hdhadgsd egxie|idg |dutid|x* fg jd seix* hda|e~~d| simtjxegmdgx ~jtsidt|s oexkf-|ids hfl`doxias "O* lexxd|ids _EM* e|f-h|fmds* dxo') uti ~jts dsx eqdo hds mfydgs~|sdgxegx tgd aeiljd qtjg|elijix ods

sysxmds' _dtjd je ~|fhikidtsd ~tissegodhd adt hd ~|oisifg hisxegod hd sot|ixfaad|xd ~e| jds missijds hd o|fisi|d hd jT_Geqy dx jds lfmle|hid|s hd jT_EA* ofm-~jxs ~e| jdt| oe~eoix drojtsiqd dg mexi-|d hd ktd||d jdox|fgiutd faadgsiqd* ~d|mdxeoxtdjjdmdgx hdgafgod| je ~f|xd "ciochf{g xbd hff|) htg xbx|d* hdrotxd|odxxd ~besd hxeljissdmdgx hd je st~|if|i-x e|idggd ofgx|d tg e~~e|dij hd hadgsdxexiutd tg xegx sfix ~dt f|kegis 3

_dtjds jds lesds sioijidggds dx jd ~f|xd-eqifgs sfgx staaisemmdgx ~|fobds ht xb-x|d ~ft| utd je pfgd hf~|exifg sd x|ftqdhegs jd |eyfg heoxifg hds e~~e|dijs hdofmlex' Tg \eaejd dg missifg faadgsiqd*eqdo x|egsix betxd ejxixthd* dsx eigsi o|-hix hdgqi|fg 5 >>> cm hd |eyfg heo-xifg


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~ekgd e|idggd ofgsisxegx eout|i| je st~|if-|ix e|idggd 0

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dx hd ofgx|jd hd odx IEH_ 3 ~e| hds f~|exifgs hd hdadgsiqd oftgxd-

|ei|* hds ~ex|ftijjds ~|xds dgkekd| jdse~~e|dijs dggdmis dg qfj'

Je me`dt|d ~e|xid hds oe~eoixs ht sysxmd hdhadgsd egxie|idggd jilydg e x |e~ihdmdgxgdtx|ejisd hegs jds ~|dmi|ds


15/25

54

Ofmmd jf|s hd jf~|exifg Dght|igk A|ddhfm"Eakbegisxeg >


16/25

51

txijis et oft|s ht RRmd siojd* gfxemmdgx jf|shDght|igk A|ddhfm dxI|eui A|ddhfm* je hisjf-oexifg ht his~fsixia dggdmi dsx flxdgtd ~e| ~jt-sidt|s daadxs sd |dgaf|egx mtxtdjjdmdgx 0

jtst|d "et sdgs exx|ixifg) hd sds af|ods 0ofgodgx|exifgs hds af|ods dggdmids dx hdjdt| mex|idj jft|h 0 ljighs* e|xijjd|id dxx|egs~f|xs hd x|ft~ds 3

je hmf|ejisexifg hds x|ft~ds dgkekds 3

jisfjdmdgx ~bysiutd hd ods af|ods ~e| jig-xd||t~xifg hd jdt| sftxidg jfkisxiutd"mtgixifgs* oe|lt|egx* dxo') dx je |t~xt|dhd jdt| obegd hd ofmmeghdmdgx'

Jds hiaa|dgxds ofm~fsegxds htgd sx|exkid e-|idggd hd ofd|oixifg sfgx lidg ~|sdgxds meis jdsdaadxs sdmljdgx jbdt|d eoxtdjjd ~ft| jd mfigsmixiks'

Fg ~dtx xftxdafis ofgsih|d| utd jd ~fxdgxidj mi-jixei|d jilydg ofmmdgod od|xeigdmdgx x|d tshd aefg sikgiaioexiqd' Jemi|ej Mtjjdg e eigsidsxim* hdqegx jd Ofmix hds af|ods e|mds hd jeobeml|d hds \d~|sdgxegxs* utFFH eqeix elft-xi tg giqdet htst|d hd -> obe|s* 5>>> qbiotjds ljighs hd ofm-lex higaegxd|id* etxegx hd qbiotjds ljighsx|egs~f|x hd x|ft~d dx > ~iods he|xijjd|id'Jds ?> $ hd hfmmekds dsxims ~e| jFXEGofgod|gdgx hfgo jds oe~eoixs mex|idjjds hds

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18/25

52

hds jmdgxs godssei|ds ~ft| ofgx|jd| jds a|e~-~ds xd||dsx|ds dx ~es tgiutdmdgx je pfgd higxd|-hioxifg hd st|qfj' Dg je mexi|d* jds ~|foht|dshetxf|isexifg hd xi| fgx x* sdmljd-x-ij* ht|egxjds hir ~|dmid|s `ft|s* xfxejdmdgx odgx|ejisds etgiqdet ht OEFO* eqdo tgd aeiljd me|kd hd meg-tq|d&hoisifg ~ft| jds e~~e|dijs dgkeks'

Eaig hd kekgd| dg daaioeoix* je~~e|dij mijixei|dfxegidg ~ft||eix 0

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\dgaf|od| je oe~eoix hd a|e~~d et sfj st|jd xbx|d' Jd |dgaf|odmdgx ht his~fsixial|ixeggiutd dx jd |e~~|fobdmdgx hds Mi|e-kd >> H qfgx ojei|dmdgx hegs od sdgs'Hds ofgx|iltxifgs ehhixifggdjjds sd bdt|xd-|eidgx lidg qihdmmdgx etr jimixds oe~eoi-xei|ds hds ~eys ~e|xioi~egxs' Mmd segsodje* je gext|d hds fl`doxias x|eixs ~e| jt-gix hegfisd* ~ft|xegx qfjfgxei|d ~ft|a|e~~d|* jeissd igxd||fkexia st| je~xixthd hdjFXEG dr~jfixd| afgh jds oe~eoixs h-hids drisxegxds 3

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Jelsdgod hd af|ods xd||dsx|ds o|hiljds |d~|-sdgxd jd sdofgh aeoxdt| jimixegx jds ~d|s~doxiqds

hd hisjfoexifg hd jdggdmi' Odxxd af|od xd||dsx|dhdq|eix x|d oe~eljd 0

~e| je mdgeod utdjjd |d~|sdgxd ft jfl`do-xia utdjjd ofgsxixtd* hfljikd| jds af|ods eh-qd|sds sd ofgodgx|d| dx megtq|d|* odshd|gi|ds hdqdgegx eigsi jisiljds * qtj-g|eljds etr oft~s hd je ~tissegod e|idg-gd 3

~e| se megtq|d hd |qjd| jdaafgh|d-mdgx hd jehqd|sei|d eaaeilji ~e| jds a|e~~dshigxd|hioxifg* hd ~|oi~ixd| se hisjfoexifg*

~tis hd xd|gi| jd xd||eig'Jf|s hEjjidhAf|od ofgx|d jd |kimd hd Mijfsdqiodg 5999* jds lfmle|hdmdgxs ofgx|d je IIImd e|-md sd|ld et Cfsfqf* etx|dmdgx ~jts jfgks dx

~tissegxs utd odtr mdgs eoxtdjjdmdgx* ge-qeidgx ~d|mis hflxdgi| etotg daadx f~|exifggdjdx sx|exkiutd* aetxd hd af|ods xd||dsx|ds oe~eljdshfljikd| jds tgixs sd|lds sd ofgodgx|d| ~ft|x|d je md|oi hd je ~tissegod e|idggd' Od sfgxlidg jds a|e~~ds sx|exkiutds uti fgx ofgx|iltet |dgfgodmdgx hd Mijfsdqio48'

Gfts sfmmds eoxtdjjdmdgx* xftxd ~|f~f|xifgke|hd* hegs tgd sixtexifg f~|exifggdjjd simi-jei|d' Jds igst|ks* ~e| jdt| sim~jd ~|sdgod* fgx~d|mis etr e~~e|dijs hd je ofejixifg hd a|e~~d|jds af|ods jilydggds uti sf~~fseidgx dtr' Od-~dghegx* mejk| tg oft|ekd uti jdt| aeix bfg-gdt|* ijs gd sfgx ~es oe~eljds hd megtq|ds xeo-xiutds ofm~jiutds dx gd |d~|sdgxdgx ~es dgof-|d odxxd af|od xd||dsx|d hoisiqd dg mdst|d hdsim~fsd| etr x|ft~ds hd Cehbeai' Yqds Hdley*|heoxdt| dg obda hd je |dqtdEssetx* uti e ~esshdtr sdmeigds hegs jds |egks hd jigst||doxifg*qejtd dgqi|fg ?> $ jd gfml|d hd mijixei|dsaf|ms et sdig hd ods af|ods44' Eigsi* dg jxex* je~tissegod e|idggd |d~|sdgxd jd aeoxdt| hxd|-migegx dr~jiutegx jds |d~jis ft jds eqegods xeo-xiutds hd ods hd|gi|ds' Jds obfsds qfjtdgx segshftxd' Jd xi| a|ex|ioihd ht ; eq|ij hd jFXEGst| jds igst|ks hmfgx|d dg xftx oes utd odshd|gid|s mfgxdgx dg ~tissegod ~tisutij sekis-seix htgd ~|dmi|d ofjfggd hd 5; obe|s dx ljig-hs41'

Odxxd e~xixthd hds igst|ks sim~fsd| etr af|-

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Dg ftx|d* jds moegismds hd haeixd godssixdgxlidg dgxdght tgd sygd|kid hd je megtq|d xd|-|dsx|d dx hd jeoxifg e|idggd odsx jdssdgod hdje|x f~|exia hd mmd uttgd x|fixd off~|e-xifg et giqdet xeoxiutd' Faaioidjjdmdgx* jds Em-|ioeigs ofmmd jFXEG* sd sfgx hadghts hd xft-xd off~|exifg hd je sf|xd uti sikgiaid|eix tgd ~|i-sd hd ~fsixifg h~essegx jd oeh|d hd je |sfjt-xifg' Jds hoje|exifgs hds igst|ks* si djjds exxds-xdgx hd ofgxeoxs dgx|d jd mftqdmdgx |dldjjd dxjFXEG* hmfgx|dgx kejdmdgx utd odxxd off|hi-gexifg dsx hds ~jts xgtds hegs je ~|exiutd' JEj-jiegod dg daadx gd ~|dgh ~es* sdjfg dtr* staaisem-mdgx dg ofm~xd jds igaf|mexifgs utijs jti aft|-gissdgx42' _etxegx jd ~es hdqegx jd megutd hd~|fk|s st| jd xd||eig* jds kftqd|gdmdgxs a|eg-eis* l|ixeggiutds dx Ixejidgs fgx hoih aigejd-mdgx hd h~jfyd| ~jtsidt|s uti~ds hd ofgsdij-jd|s mijixei|ds et~|s ht OGX49'


19/25

59

Dgaig* jds stoos hd je ofejixifg fgx x flxdgtsaeod hds af|ods moegisds* jfaadgsiqd ofgx|djds igst|ks uti sxeidgx dm~e|s hds jfoejixs*sfix jd oes hd aikt|d f jd |dghdmdgx hd je ~tis-segod e|idggd dsx f~ximej' Ij dg qe xftx etx|d-mdgx hs jf|s utd jds af|ods aihjds et |kimd*af|x hd jdt| st~|if|ix xeoxiutd st| jds igst|ks*

ehe~xdgx jdt| mfhd f~|exfi|d je ~tissegode|idggd* ofmmd jd me|xjd jFXEG hd~tis ~jt-sidt|s `ft|s1> 0

dg txijisegx st| je pfgd hd ofmlex hdsmfydgs jkd|s "~ioc-t~ gfxemmdgx) ~jtshiaaioijds ihdgxiaid| ~fsixiqdmdgx ~e| jdse~~e|dijs hd st|qdijjegod 3

dg ~jeegx dg sdofgh obdjfg dx dg hissi-mtjegx jdt| e|mdmdgx jft|h x|f~ qtjg|e-ljd* jd x|egsix st| jds |foehds qd|s je pfgdhd ofmlex sdaadoxtegx ejf|s hd gtix 3

dg sd |dx|egobegx* jd oes obegx* hegs hdspfgds t|leigds* eaig heoo|fx|d jd |isutd hdhfmmekds ofjjex|etr* ofmmd jf|s hdsofmlexs hd Mis|exe15'

Et hdmdt|egx* hds tgixs higaegxd|id hoihds*his~fsegx hd utdjutd e~~ti-adt mf|xid|s* jegod-|futdxxds * hds uti~ds hd sgi~d|s* sfgx ~jdigd-mdgx dg mdst|d hd xdgi| hds pfgds t|leigds dxhy f~|d| hds oe|gekds segs utd je ~tissegode|idggd gd sfix dg mdst|d hd jds |hti|d ~|f~|dmdgx et sijdgod'

Jbisxfi|d hmfgx|d dgaig utd od xy~d hd hisjfoe-xifg ~dtx hiaaioijdmdgx x|d egxioi~' Dg ~|dgegx~e| drdm~jd jI|ec 0

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gds sd sfgx igixiejdmdgx lidg lexxtds oe|jds I|ecidgs gimekigeidgx ~es utd* ofgx|ei-|dmdgx Hdsd|x _xf|m* jds KIs gd sxf~~d-|eidgx jdt| me|obd ut Lekheh' Je hisjf-oexifg ht his~fsixia i|ecidg sdaadoxte ejf|sdg utdjutds `ft|s* aig me|s* hltx eq|ij*jf|sutd jd ?|h Igaegx|y Hiqisifg dx je 5sxMDAexxdikgi|dgx je |kifg hd Cd|leje* tgdsdmeigd eqegx je ~|isd hd Lekheh'

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20/25

be 18' F|* dg aq|id|* jf|sutd jd sftjqdmdgxme|uteix sds ~|dmid|s ~figxs* jds [e|aejjeb* je~jts im~f|xegxd x|ilt hd X|i~fjixeigd* uti ofm~-xd ~ft| 54 $ hd je ~f~tjexifg ht ~eys* e aeix h-adoxifg* a|ekijisegx eigsi ofgsih|eljdmdgx jessi-sd ht ~ftqfi| ht ofjfgdj' Jds gfml|dtsds hado-xifgs uti a|e~~dgx jd |kimd* gfxemmdgx jd of|~s

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De Odyssey Dawn à Unified Protector : bilan transitoire, perspectives et premiers enseignements de l’engagement en Libye