đề tài khoa hoc cai tien phuong phap day hoc

8/19/2019 đề tài khoa hoc cai tien phuong phap day hoc

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SÅÍ GIAÏO DUÛC & ÂAÌO TAÛO QUAÍNG TRË TRÆÅÌNG CAO ÂÀÓNG SÆ PHAÛM QUAÍNG TRË

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TÇM HIÃØU MAÌU SÀÕC VAÌ CAÏCH SÆÍUÛNG MAÌU SÀÕC! TRONG "AÌI V#$

TRANG TR% CUÍA HO&C SINH TRUNG HO&C CÅ SÅÍ

NGÆÅÌI THÆÛC HIÃÛN : Nguyãùn T!H"#ng Nung$ÅÏ% : '( THU)ÛT * +,+HOA : NHAÛC * HOAÛ

GIAÏO -IÃN HÆÅÏNG D).N : NguyãùnT! $ã/ S01ng

Â'NG HAÌ! NÀM ())*


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ÂÃ2 TAÌI NGHIÃN CÆÏU +HOA HO3CÂ+, -./01 TÇM HIÃØU MAÌU SÀÕC VAÌ CAÏCH SÆÍ UÛNG MAÌU

SÀÕC TRONG "AÌI V#$

TRANG TR% CUÍA HO&C SINH TRUNG HO&C CÅ SÅÍ

A2 P34,5 678 94,:1

I2 ;.? 3@0 30+B5 5. D./ =4,5 53E?5F =55FE7/0 = 94, 9:8 =.= 34J6 =34K-! 5345 =.=3 =:8. 6@- =55FE7/0 670 LHCN! = 9.B 9E=! -0 -3E=! E= 38! -34J66?2 M./ -34J6 6? D./ F0. :B= -EB= -0+K :. @ 6@5 6? -3:4B-! @ 6@5 5./ F0: =.= 6 0+K- 534B5 -3E= =.0 9B./ .5F -.B . =.0 9B2

Â4K- 5E7= -. 53E?5F 56 +, -E7= 90+,: 0+B5=30+K5 -.53! 5+,5 053 -+K 5F3/ 5./5! D.B= 34B:222W =3 5+5=3E. =3: -5F 9+K5 F0. :B= -34J6 6? =3 3= 0532N+,5 5F3+B -3:4B- =:8. 5E7= 53./ -@,5 -.B0 ./ 3.- -0+J5-5F 3:@5 3@J 534K- 9X53 ./ 3+K- E= 3.B5 3B2 C39+K5 53E?5F 5F./ .: =.=3 6.B5F -.80 ./0 64K 6E70 56=4B5 +, 70 -3+K 8 LLI! 5F3+B -3:4B- V0+B- N.6 FY5 D0+,5

70 >: -3+K 90 D+5 T@J :@K= 3.- -0+J5 6@- =.=3 -./50+B52 9 6./ 30+B5 5. 30 9+, . 6:B= -0+: F0. :B= D./9/0 380 3@5F 53E?5F =3Z F0. :B= 3= 053 = -0 -3E=!= 5345 =.=3! 9.B 9E= 6./ =/5 9/0 380 3= 053 3.80 = E= 38 ./ 0+K- 9+K5 =.0 9B -5F 5! 6B=! 78! D.9@5F! :0 =370! 3= -4B222 V./ =3[53 90+,: 5./ 9.? -.B =33= 053 530+,: 7? 5F7? 30 -0+K >:= 70 @ 6@5 6702

;./ 6@- F0. 0+5 M? -3:4B- -5F -E75F D.0! -@0 4K-6:@K5 -\6 30+J: +, -3EB= -.B5F 3= -4B M? -3:4B- =:8.

3= 053 -:5F 3= =7 78! 9B= 0+B- D./ -\6 30+J: +, -3+KF070 6./: Y= ./ =.=3 E8 :B5F 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053-:5F 3= =7 78 -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[2 V\ D -+5 5+5 -@0=35 9+, -./01 "TÇM HIÃØU MAÌU SÀÕC VAÌ CAÏCH SÆÍ DUÛNGMAÌU SÀÕC TRONG BAÌI VEÎ TRANG TRÊ CUÍA HOÜC SINH TRUNGHOÜC C SÍ".

II2 MUÛC Â%CH VAÌ


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T34K 9E7= -4,6 :.5 -5F =:8. 6./: Y= -5F 5F3+B-3:4B- 3@0 3.B! 30+J: 9E7= 6./: Y= 94: 6./ = ./EB =3:+J5 0+K5 =:8. 6./: Y= -5F 530+5 530+5 =:?5F 53E-4,6 :.5 -5F =:8. 6./: Y= -5F =:@= @K5F! D./6 =3=:@= @K5F -E70 9B 375! 35F 3: 3752

T5F 5F3+B -3:4B- 3@0 3.B -3\ 5F@5 5FE? =:8. 5 =3[53D./ 6./: Y=! 6./: Y= 50 D+5 5@0 :5F =:?5F 53E =.0 3@,5!=.0 -34,5 =:8. E= -.53 D./6 =3 E= -.53 -78 5+5 @K5F9@5F2

T\6 30+J: 6./: Y= 53^6 F 34,5 =:85F =@K EB30+J: 0+K- +, 9B= -[53 =:8. 6./: Y= ./ 30+J: +, 6./:3752

V70 -E75F D.0 D./ 6@- F0. 0+5 .B M? -3:4B-! 0+B= -\630+J: 9+, -./0 5./ F0: -@0 = 0+K5 -3E= 94, 9:8 ./ E?5F

./5F 30 9E5F -+5 :B= F0.85F! = -0 -3E= +, 6./: Y= ./EB 30+J: 0+K- +, 97/0 @K5F 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053 -:5F3= =7 782 N3E 4B 670 = -3+J F0. :B= -34J6 6? =3=.= 6 9.B- 9E7= 30+B: :.8 =.2

1 2Ï 34(5* %#)* &+, -*./0

TE/ 6:B= 9[=3 =:8. 9+, -./0 53E 4B -3\ 5F3d. =:8. 9+,-./0 =:?5F 4K- :.5 -5F2 T\6 30+J: 6./: Y= ./ =.=3 E8 :B5F 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053 -:5F 3= =7 78 -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ ? F 34,5 @,0 E7?5F =3 5FE7/0 F0. 0+5 M? -3:4B- 6@- 0+K5 -3E= @,0 ./ +, 6./: Y= ./ EB 30+J:0+K- +, -3+K F070 6./: Y= =:8. =.= 6 6@- =.=3 94, 9:8 3752 TE/ 9 F0. 0+5 = 3E75F 3. F0. :B= 3:/ 3770 @ 6@5 5./ 9+J F 34,5 538 =:8. 6\53 ./ 0+B=-3EB= 30+B5 EB 5F30+B F0. :B= =:8. Â.85F 6@- =.=3 -@K-3752

T\6 30+J: 9+, -./0 5./ 9+J -.B 90+,: 0+B5 =3 5FE7/0F0. 0+5 M? -3:4B- 6@- 3E5F -3: 70 5F3+, 5F30+B! 30+J:9E7= -46 D =:8. 3= 053 9@K0 70 6@5 M? -3:4B-! 9B=

0+B- D./ 6./: Y=2 TE/ 9! = 9@5F DEB= =3 5F3+, 5F30+BF0: =3:5F -. = EB 35F . -5F =@5F 0+B= F0.85F .B!= EB 30+J: 0+K- +, 6./: Y=! 30+J: +, 6./: Y= -5F97/0 @K5F =:?5F 53E 0+B= E8 :B5F 6./: Y= -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ =:8. 3= 053 -:5F 3= =7 782 N3E 4B =3:5F -.670 = -3+J -3EB= 30+B5 -@K- 530+B6 :B F0.85F .B 6@5 M? -3:4B- =:8. 6\532

NF30+5 =E: 9+, -./0 5./ =/5 9+J >.= 9X53 D.B0 -.=3530+B6 =:8. 5FE7/0 F0. 0+5 -5F F0.85F .B M? -3:4B-2

NF30+5 =E: -\6 . =.= 6B- -[=3 =EB= =:8. =.= 6 ./ -E/9 = 3E75F 3. F0.85F .B 3:/ 37! 53^6 D@0 =:@K5=.= 6 ./ 6@5 3= 6@- =.=3 = 3E5F -3:2

_ Nguyãùn T! H"#ng Nung _

ÂÃ2 TAÌI NGHIÃN CÆÏU +HOA HO3C M


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Â+J -\6 30+J: +, 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053 -3\ =3:5F -.76 0+K- 9E7= +, -./0 55F =:8. =.= 6! 3.- 30+B5 .53E?5F 3= 053 = 55F 30+K: ./ -E/ 9e = EB 94,: -E./ @,0 E7?5F 53E?5F 0+K5 -3E= =4,5 -30+K- F0: =.= 63.- -0+J5 9E7= 55F 30+K: =:8. 6\53 6@- =.=3 3.

3= ./ -@K- 534K-2V0+B= -\6 30+J: 9+, -./0 5./ =/5 = 5F3d. 4K- :.5

-5F 9@K0 70 5FE7/0 F0. 0+5 M? -3:4B-! F0: 5FE7/0 F0.0+5 76 534B5 . 53E?5F 6B- +K: 6! =3E. 3:/ 373. D+B=3 D.B= =:8. 3= 053 -5F 6@5 3= 5./ 9+J = 3E75F 3. 90+,: =3Z53! 3.B5 =3+K 53E?5F -@,5 -.B0 9!:@K5 5Y5 X -37/0 =3 =.= 6! 9E. =.= 6 9+K5 70 0+B=3= -4B ./ E5F :B5F M? -3:4B- 6@- =.=3 = 3E75F3.! = ? 55F 3. 3= -@K- 3752 "+5 =.B53 9 5FE7/0

F0. 0+5 =:?5F -34K 9E7= 53E?5F 3.B5 =3+K =:8. 6\53-5F F0.85F .B M? -3:4B- ./ -E/ 9 =3Z53 53E?5F 6B-=3E. -@K-! =4,5 E8. =3E?. ./ -34K 9E7= 53E?5F 6B- E:9+J 3.- 3: 375 5E?.! F0: =3 =@5F -.= F0.85F .B 5F./=./5F = 30+B: :.8 =.2III2 Â'fI TÆÅ&NG VAÌ PHAÛM VI NGHIÃN CÆÏU1

! 678/ -9:;340Â+J -3EB= 30+B5 9+, -./0 5./! 5F./0 0+B= -\6 30+J:

0+K5 -EB= -0+K 9@K0 70 =@ F0. F0.85F .B @ 6@5 M? -3:4B-1 T4,5 T3X T3+K F0. 0+5 M? -3:4B- -E7/5F THCSNF:+g5 "Z53 a30+6W -@0 =/5 +K- 37 =3B- =3? 70 0+B=-\6 30+J:! 5F30+5 =E: -EB= -0+K 4K5 9+, E8 :B5F 6./:Y= -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ =:8. 3= 053 D7 b *! D7 hi

-E7/5F THCS NF:+g5 "Z53 a30+62 Â4 D./ 53E?5F D7 6./ -@0= 90+,: 0+B5 -0+K >:= 530+,: 534K- D7 9E7= 345 =@5FD./6 =3:8 530+B6 ./ F0.85F .BW2

;7 b* = -@J5F @K1 ** 62;7 hi = -@J5F @K1 *b 6G0. 0+5 .B M? -3:4B-1 =@ T4,5 T3X T3+K2

1 / 34(/+3 %9?#0 -37/0 F0.5 -\6 30+J: -3EB= -+K :. 5FY5 5F:80! =3Z =

b -:4,5 5+5 -@0 =3Z -\6 30+J: 4K5 9+, E8 :B5F 6./: Y=-5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ =:8. 3= 053 D7 bh ./ hi -E7/5FNF:+g5 "Z53 a30+62 T5F EB @5F D75 =:8. @ 6@5 -.5F-[ -@0 =3Z 5F30+5 =E: 4K5 9+, 6./: Y=! -.5F 4K5 9+,5./ = 530+,: +K: -@K 9+J 3.0 -3.=1 T.5F -[ 9@, 4B- E5F:B5F1 =30+K= 35 9+J D 3. 3. -.5F -[ 9E7/5F 0+,6-.5F -[ 3\53 :@5F! 8 =.= 0+J: =3E? 05 3.222 N3E5F 78 9+,-./0 5./ -@0 =3Z =35 -\6 30+J: 6./: Y= -5F 0+B= -.5F -[=.= 3\53 =7 .851 3\53 -/5! 3\53 :@5F222




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IV2 PHÆÅNG PHAÏP NGHIÃN CÆÏU1

Â+J 5F30+5 =E: -3./53 =@5F ./ 9.B- +K- :.8 =. 9+, -./05./ -3\ 3E75F 3. -\6 30+J: D./ 34,5 =3:8 +K:! :.5-5F2 V70 EB +K- 37 =.= 3E75F 3. .:1 3E75F3. 3+B -3@K5F 3. 345 -[=3 -@J5F 37 D -3:+K-!

3E75F 3. 3.8 .-! 3E75F 3. -EB= :.5! :.5 .-E 3.B6! 3E75F 3. 5F30+5 =E: .85 34J6 ./ 3E75F3. D4K 0+K5 -3.6 F0.2 Â D./ 53E?5F 3E75F 3. =3:8 +K: 9E7= E8 :B5F 30 5F30+5 =E: 9+, -./0 5./2

V2 ÆÛ aIÃfN NHÆ$NG ÂOÏNG GOÏP1

Q:. -\6 30+J: 9+, -./02 T@0 30+J: 0+K- 375 +, -46 D =:8.3= 053! = 0+K5 -3E= @5F 375 +, 6./: Y= ./ =.=3E8 :B5F 6./: Y= =:8. =.= 6 ./ ./0 ?2-E/ 9 :- .53E?5F 0+K5 95F F F0: =.= 6 3= -4B -@K- 375

+, 6@5 M? -3:4B- 50 =3:5F ./ 345 6@5 -.5F -[ 500+5F2 N3E?5F 0+K5 95F F +, 3E75F 3. F0.85F.B! +, >.= 9X53 6:B= 9[=3 =:8. F0. :B= -34J6 6?! +,5@0 :5F F0.85F .B! +, EB 545F =. 0+K5 -3E= =:8. F0.0+5 =:?5F 53E EB -\6 -/0 5F30+5 =E:! .5F -.B =:8. F0.0+5! +, =.=3 9.53 F0. ./0 ? =:8. =.= 6 6@- =.=3 37D 534K-! 9:5F 9Y5 534K- ./ -@K- 534K-2




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"2 P34,5 5@0 :5FC01ng I

T4 HIÃ5U AÌU S67C

I2 aHAÏI NIÃÛM MAÌU SÀÕC1

M./: Y= D./ 6@- +K: -@K 4K- :.5 -5F -5F 5F3+B-3:4B- 3@0 3.B!5FE7/0 -. :/5F 6./: Y= 9+J 0+J: D@ -\53=.86! -.8 =34K-! -.8 3@5F F0.5! -37/0 F0.5! 9+J 0+J: D@ EB:5F =.86 =:8. 5FE7/0 ? -E7= -3EB= -+K2

V4B 6./: Y= 94: 6./ =j

L:5F :.53 -. 60 4B- 94: 94: =:?5F = 6./: Y=! 6./:Y= -3. 9@J0 -3 3@5F F0.5 -37/0 F0.5! -3 Y= -3.0 -\53

=.86 =:8. =5 5FE7/02V[ :B1 M:/. >:451 6./: -E70 :0! -8 -:5F

M:/. 3/ 1 6./: 98! 6./: 55F2

M:/. -3: 1 6./: ./5F! +6 X:2

M:/. 9@5F1 6./: D.B532

NFE7/0 :0 -3\ 6./: -3+J 30+B5 -5F -.53 :0 -E70! -5F.5F2

NFE7/0 :@,5 -3\ 6./: -@K0! -4,62

M./: Y= D./ 6@- 30+B5 -E75F 35F 3: 534K- 6./ =55FE7/0 534B5 0+K- 9E7= D0+5 -:B=! 3./5F 5F./2 T3@5F-3E7/5F 6Y- =5 5FE7/0 534B5 0+K- 9E7= @ ./5 6./: Y=./ 6./: Y= 9 D:@5 D:@5 0+K5 9@J0 -5F =.= -E75F :.54K- -4B5 =:8. =3:5F! E70 -.= 9@5F =:8. =.= 5F:@,5 .5F3.= 53.:2 NF:@,5 .5F =3:8 +K: D./ .53 .5F 6B- -7/0=:?5F D0+5 -:B= -3. 9@J02 NF:@,5 .5F 3@5F =3Z -.= 9@5F./ 9@K0 -E75F = 6./: 6./ =/5 -.= 9@5F ./ =.8 @6. :.5F 3= =:8. =5 5FE7/0 9 D./ 9@0 6Y-2 ".85 -345 =56Y- 70 EB 3 678 E70 -.= 9@5F =:8. 5F:@,5 .5F=:?5F -3. 9@J0 D0+5 -:B= ./ -053 02 N3E 4B =.8 . +K: -@K1=5 6Y- 5FE7/0! 4B- = 6./: ./ 5F:@,5 .5F -.B 90+,:0+B5 =3 EB 53\5 6./: D:@5 D:@5 -3. 9@J0 5+5 "maìu laì gç"?D./ 90+,: 3 5Y6 Y- 534K-2 N+K: 3@K0 ./ 5- = 3@K05@J0 =/5 = -3+J 534B5 0+K- 9E7= 537/ >:= F0.= =/5 -3@5F-3E7/5F 6Y- 53Y6 D.B0 -3\ -. 3@5F -3+J 534B5 0+K- 9E7=6./: -E/ 6@- @K -E7/5F 37 =. 0+B-! -. = -3+J 534B50+K- 9E7= 6./: 6./ 30+B5 5. 3 4K- :.5 -46W2 C .53.5F D./ = 6./:! -5F 9+6 -@K0 6./: 3@5F 53\5 -34K

9E7=2 T5F =.= -E7/5F 37 D.B5 -3X c -3E7/5F D.B5 +,6./:! 3@5F 345 0+B- 9E7= 6./: Y= D./ 3@J 0+K5 375=.82 N3E 4B 6./: D./ -3:4,5 -: -3X F0.= 375 3@K0 ./ 5-2




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V4B 60 EB 4B- 30+B5 -E75F E70 -.= 9@5F =:8. .53.5F 6B- -7/0 -3@5F :. -3X F0.= =5 5FE7/0 ? =.86 534B59E7= 6./: Y= =:8. =3:5F2

T. 0+K- ^5F .53 .5F 6B- -7/0 D./ .53 .5F -Y5F!3@5F 6./:2 a3.85F F0E?. -3+K 8 LVII c N0:-75 D./6 -3[

5F30+B6 345 -[=3 :.5F 3@J1 =30+K: 6@- =3:/6 .53 .5F:. D5F [53 -3\ -. = 9E7= 3@J .53 .5F F@,6 6@- .?06./: F0@K5F 53E 30+B5 -E75F =4,: @,5F! 9E7= Y >+K-3 -\53 -EB -E/ 98 9+K5 -[6 F@,6 h 6./:1 98 c =. =.6!./5F c D:B= c D.6 c =3./6 c -[62

TY5F ./ 95 3@5F = -5F 3+B -3@K5F :.5F 3@J6B- -7/0 =:8. =4,: @,5F! 780 \ 6./: 95 D./ 30+B5 -E75F3@5F = .53 .5F! =/5 6./: -Y5F D./+e- :.8 =:8. h 6./:=@5F D.B0 -.= 9@5F =:8. .53 .5F2 Â0+,: 5./ = -3+J

=3E5F 6053 53E .:1 =Y- e 60+K5F \. =E5F 3\53 -/5!=30. D./6 h 34,5! 6@g0 34,5 D./ 6@- 6./: =3[53! D./6 -:B=F0E?. 3\53 -/5 ./ :. =./5F 53.53 =./5F 53.B- 4,5 ./ .:-3./53 6./: -Y5F2 T. 53\5 -34K 6./: -Y5F 3. 6./: 370.5F D./ :. 53.53 3. =34B62

N0 =.=3 3.=! 6./: 95 3@5F =3X: .853 3E785F =:8..53 .5F! =/5 6.: -Y5F ? =3:+J5 -3./53 6./: 3.= 306./: 9 =30+K: ./2 T3[ :B1 =30+K: 6./: 98 -3\ 3. 98!=30+K: 6./: >.53 -3\ 3. >.53222= 5F3d. D./ 5 =3X: .853

3E785F =:8. 6./: 3.=2Â4,: -3+K 8 LL! #05-05 -@J5F 37 D -3:+K- +, .53.5F =:8. 530+,: 53./ 3. 3= ./ :- . +K- D:4B51 "E7=5F 3-5 =3+K 9X53 6./: Y= =:8. .53 .5F 6./ 6Y- -.53\5 -34K 9E7=2 "E7= 5F 5FY5 -E75F E5F 70 .? 6./:-[6! D.62 T+5 -3EB= -+K .53 .5F 6B- -7/0 =/5 . F@,6530+,: D.B0 5F 90+B5 -E/ 3.= =.= -0. 3@,5F 5F.B0 ./ -0.=EB= -[6W! 53E5F =.= -+K ./ -3X F0.= -5F 6Y- -. =3Z = 3.8 55F =.86 E5F 70 53E?5F 6./: -5F :.5F 3@J 9 =3Z 534B5 0+K- 9E7= .8 6./: .53 .5F 6./ -3@02! M*.# 478% @ =*.# %: *)30

T3 :.5 90+J6 3@0 3.B -5F h 6./: -+5 =3Z = k6./: =7 .85 F0 D./ 6./: F@K=l 98 c ./5F c >.53 D.62

". 6./: F@K= 5./ D./ . 6./: = m5 -5F -30+5 530+5!3@5F = 6./: 5./ = -3+J 3. -@5 9E7=2 TE/ k 6./: F@K=5./ -3\ 9@K0 70 =.= 3.B d 9 D./ =7 78 =3 -4K- =.8 53E?5F6./: 3.= ./ @ @K Y= -3.0 = 9E7= 30 3. -@5 9E7=2

TE/ k 6./: F@K= 5./ -3\ 9@K0 70 =.= 3.B d 9 D./ =7 78 =3-4K- =.8 53E?5F 6./: 3.= ./ @ @K Y= -3.0 = 9E7= 303. -@5 ( -5F k 6./: =7 .85 -3 -8 D+B 3.= 53.:2 a30=.= 37 Y= "tinh khiãút" -70 30+5 =3:5F 9E7= -3+6 6./:




8/27

95 3. 6./: -Y5F ./! 3. 9E7= 3:8 6@- D7 685F6./: 3.= D+5 -3\ @K Y= -3.0 = 9E7= ? @ =:/5F -4B5!-E75F -.= 70 =3:5F! =.=3 6./ =3:5F 3./ 37 70 53.:=/5 -:/ -3:@= 6@- 0+K5 @K 3.= 3:@5 3@J =:8. +,6B- 9E7= -@ 6./:2

a30 =3:5F -. 3. -@5 ( 6./: F@K= 70 53.: -3\ ? 9E7=e 6./: 53X 37! 4B -E/ k 6./: F@K= -. = k 6./: 53X 379 D./1

Â8 n ./5F . =.6;.6 n ./5F >.53 D:B= >.53 D. =4W;.6 n 98 -[62V4B 6./: F@K= D./ 6./: = m5 -5F -30+5 530+5! 3@5F

= 6./: 5./ = -3+J 3. -@5 . 9E7=! =/5 9E7= F0 D./6./: 5F:+5 =3:85F2

1 M*.# 7 -#?%0a30 -. 9B- ( 6./: F4,5 53.: -3\ 5 = 3.8 55F 3@g -7

./ -@5 53.: D+5! D./6 -5F =E7/5F 9@ =3 53.:! 5 = -.=:B5F D./6 =3 6./: +5 =.B53 -78 5+5 9B 375! : 375 ./= E= 6.B53 3752 H.0 6./: 53E 4B 9E7= F0 D./ =B6./: @J -:=2

T3[ :B1 6./: D:B= F4,5 6./: 98 -3\ >.53 =./5F -3+6>.53! 98 =./5F -3+6 982 Â4K D./ 30+B5 -E75F -E/ -30+5530+5 6./ -\6 . : D:4B- =:8. 6./: @J -:=2 N+K: -. 53\5

6./: 98 D4: -3\ -. = =.86 F0.= 53E = 6./: >.53 +5 =.B532 T. = -3+J =3E5F 6053 6./: @J -:= ^5F =.=31 =Y-

60+K5F \. =E5F -/5! =30. 9@0! 6@- 5E8. -@ 6./: 98! 5E8.0. 9+J -Y5F! :. =34B6 -3\ -34K 5E8. 0. = 6./: 370>.53 D:B=! ( =B 6./: =/5 D.B0 -E75F -EB 53E 4B2 9 5FE7/0 -. -\6 . . =B 6./: @J -:= .:1

Â8 D:B=C.6 D.6V./5F -[6

V[ -X 9E7= 5^6 e F= eo)) -5F /5F 6./:2N+K: 3. 3.0 6./: @J -:= D.B0 70 53.:

? 9E7= 6./: >.532 M./: >.6 =:?5F 9E7=F0 D./ 6./: -:5F D4B 53E5F 3@5F 5F:+5=34K- 53E 6./: 95! 5 = -.= :B5F D./6X: 6./: 9@K0 D4B 78 F4,5 53.:! 6./: >.64K- 35F 3:! 9E7= -.B . D0+,: 3.-@5 3.= 53.:2




9/27

M*.# (9# F% @ =*.# >7 F%0

M./: 3E?: Y= D./ 53E?5F 6./: -5F /5F 6./: =7 .852C/5 6./: @ Y= D./ k 6./:1 95! -Y5F ./ >.62 Â4 D./ k6./: 3@5F Y=! 3@5F 9E7= F0 D./ 6./: Y=2II2 NHÆ$NG NGU


10/27

T5F 3@0 3.B! -E75F :.5 6./: Y= :+K- 9X53 EB-3./53 =@5F =:8. -.= 34J6! 6./: 5./ =:?5F 9B 5+K: 9B-9:5F -E75F :.5 =:8. 6./: +5 =.B53 52

T3[ :B1 T5F 6@- F.6 6./: >.53 -. 9B- 6@- 90+J6 98 -3\ 90+J6 98 9 = -.= :B5F D./6 -E70 =.= 6./: +5 =.B53

5 ./ =.= 6./: >.53 0. ? D./6 5+,5 =3 90+J6 98 5@g0 4B-D+52

"780 4B -E75F :.5 6./: = F0. -X :+K- 9X53 EB-3./53 =@5F =:8. ./0 ?2

1 M*.# -9:34 (*)30

M./: -E75F 3.85 D./ 53E?5F 6./: 6.B53 9B- =.B53 53.:D./6 =3 6./: Y= -78 5+5 E? @0 ./ -3: 3:- -4,6 53\52M./: -E75F 3.85 -3E7/5F 9E7= E8 :B5F 30 ? -.53 =@J9@5F! -.53 :.85F =.! -.53 = 5@0 :5F 6.B536?222-3E7/5F 9E7= E8 :B5F 78 =3@g 9@5F 5FE7/0 53^6-3: 3:- EB =3: =:8. 60 9@K0 -E75F2

N?34 L*$3( %#)* =*.#0

M./: 55F ./ 6./: D.B53 9B- =.B53 53.: D./6 -5F=E7/5F 9@ =3 .53 .5F2 ".85 =34K- =:8. -E/5F 6./: 9+,:6.5F -[53 55F 3. D.B53 -:/ -3 9X53 D:4B- +, 3./ Y=53E5F 5 =/5 -:/ -3 =3@g 9E5F 30 -0+K -3: .53 .5F3. 3:B -3:@= ./ 53E?5F 6./: +5 =.B53 52

T3 7 9@, .85 ? +, EB +K- 37 =4K: -.B =:8.6./: = -3+J = @ @K 6./: 3.= 53.: 9E7= -.B -3./53 EB 3. -@5 =:8. =.= 6./: D0+5 -0+K 70 53.: -.B 5+52

N3E?5F 6./: 78 =:5F A F4=.86 F0.= 55F2

N3E?5F 6./: 78 =:5F " F4=.86 F0.= D.B532

M./: 95! -Y5F! F30 D./ 6./:-:5F -[53! 5 = 3.8 55F 3./

F0.80 =.= 6./:! D./6 +6 90 53E?5F6./: E? @0 3B= = =E7/5F9@ 6.B532

q M./: 55F1 F4 =.86 F0.= @0 5@J0! -5F .53 .5F =34B-! -4,6 53\5 D.B0 F4,5! 3. =/5 F0 D./ 6./: 3E75F-462

q M./: D.B531 F4 =.86 F0.= -4,6 5F46! :@,5 .?! 94,=.86 F0.= D:/0 . >.! F0 D./ 6./: D -462

M./: D.B53 :/5F 9+J ? -5F -@K0 ./ 3[. >.2




11/27

IV2 M'&T S'f MAÌU SÀÕC `N GIAN C'Ø TRU.53 1 Z 9@,5F




12/27

C01ng IICAÏCH SÆÍ DUÛNG AÌU S67C TRONG 8AÌI -9(

TRANG TR CUÍA HO3C SINH TRUNG HO3C CÅ SÅÍ

I2 TÇM HIÃØU THÆÛC TRAÛNG HO&C T`ÛP PH`N M'N TRANG TR%1! N(934 -(#$3 L:;/0

ÅÍ 4B= -:5F 3= =7 78! =:B -3+J D./ 78 =3E75F -\53 D7b! h 9@K0 -E75F 6./ -@0 -0+K5 3./53 5F30+5 =E: -3\ 0+B= 3=345 6@5 -.5F -[ = 53E?5F -3:4B5 D70 .:1

* Phán bäø chæång trçnh:

"@ 6@5 M? -3:4B- 78 =3E75F -\53 D7 b! D7 = ki ./0!-5F 9 345 6@5 -.5F -[ = r ./0 375 es* =3E75F -\53!ks* =/5 D.B0 D./ =.= 345 6@5 ? -3 64g:! ? -.53 9+, -./0!-3E7/5F -3E= M? -3:4B-2

N3E 4B 94 D./ 6@- 90+,: 0+B5 3. -3:4B5 D702 N3E -.0+K- -.5F -[ D./ 6@- 53: =4,: -30+K- +K: =:8. =5 5FE7/0!D./ 65F 6:@K5 -3:@= +, -46 D! -\53 =.86! -3E= =:8.=5 5FE7/0 9E7= 3.- 3: = .5F -.B! E5F :B5F 530+,:3\53 -3E= -.5F -[ ./ 97/0 @K5F 53^6 -.B . 53E?5F4B- 34J6 9B! -@5 D+5 ? 9B =:8. =.= 4B- 34J6 -5F=.= -\53 ./ ./0 -[ 37 D! D./ 5F3+B -3:4B- D./6 9B 70EB =35 D= ./ 3@K0 37 3./0 3./ =.= +K: -@K :5

-3:@= 53El 3\53 .5F! -3+J 3@K0! 9E7/5F 5-! 6./: Y=!=34K- D0+B:222 9. E5F 53: =4,: -34J6 6? 5F./ =./5F =.=:8. >.? 3@02

NF3+B -3:4B- -.5F -[ 70 60 Dd53 EB= =:8. 9@,0 @K5F=5 5FE7/0 +, 5! 6B=! 78! D. 9@5F! 053 3.B-222 9+,: = .0 -/ 4K- =4,5 -30+K-! 5 F 34,5 -5F 3E5F 34K5! D.9@5F .5F -.B! -.0 -.B E= .85 >:4K-! -5F 55F :4K-D. 9@5F2

ÂE7= -3E7/5F >:+5 3= -4B 345 6@5 -.5F -[ D./

6@- 90+,: 0+B5 9+J F0: =5 5FE7/0 545F =. 9E7= 0+K5-3E= 3. 3=! >.? 3@0! 3./5 -30+B5 5345 =.=3! 9.B 9E=!9B= 0+B- D./ 3= 053 THCS! 9.5F -5F 9@ -:@J0 t\53 6053=:8. =:@= 97/0t 780 94 D./ DE. -:@J0 3\53 5345 =.=32 T3@5F:. 0+B= 3= -4B 345 6@5 -.5F -[ =.= 6 ? >4 EB5F=3 6\53 6@- D@K0 @K5F 6.B53 6?! 6@- 5345 =.=3 3./5-30+B5! 9@,5F -37/0 [=3 -3[=3 = .5F -.B =:8. =.= 6! -.B3E5F 34K5 -5F 3= -4B! F0: =.= 6 3= -@K- 375 =.=345 6@5 3.= =:?5F 53E =.= 6@5 3= 3.=2

* Giaï !iãn giang #a$%:




13/27

TE7/5F THCS NF:+g5 "Z53 a30+6 -E/ 30 9@J0 670=3E75F -\53 F0. :B= D7 b 56 ())( c ())kW 9.? = F0.0+5 F0.85F F0.85F .B @ 6@5 M? -3:4B- 0+5F 0+B-2 Â4 D./6@- F0. 0+5 = 0+K5 -3E= 4: @5F +, 6./: Y= ./5Y6 Y- 9E7= -46 D E8 :B5F 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053

THCS2N3E 4B! 94 D./ 6@- 90+,: 0+B5 -3:4B5 D70 780 3.B-

9@5F .B 3= 30bi55. D./ D4K 3= 053 D./6 -:5F -46!3= 053 -EB 9@= D4B! -E : .5F -.B -5F 3= -4B!5F +5 =.B53 9 F0. 0+5 =:?5F 3.80 -3 ?0! 3E75F4g5 =3 =.= 6 9+J :@K5 5Y5 X -37/0 53E?5F 6B- =/53.B5 =3+K -5F 3= -4B @ 6@5 M? -3:4B- 50 =3:5F ./345 6@5 -.5F -[ 50 0+5F2 V\ D 5./ =3 5+5! 6@-5FE7/0 F0. 0+5 = 0+K5 -3E=! =3:+5 6@5 5F30+B :B! =

? 55F E 3.B6 ? D./ 6@- -3:4B5 D70 [=3 -3[=3 EB3E5F -3:! . 6+ 3= -4B =:8. 3= 053! F0: =.= 6 = 9E7= 53E?5F .85 34J6 6.5F -[53 .5F -.B =.2

* &ã' (h)a hc +inh:

ÅÍ DE. -:@J0 THCS D7 b! hW =.= 6 4K- -3[=3 ?! 9B=0+B- D./ ? -.5F -[2 "780 :. =.=3 -3+J 30+B5 @K =:B=! 3.B-0+K-! 6./: Y=222 =.= 6 9.? FE80 FY6 53E?5F -46 -E -\53=.86 =:8. 6\53 ./ 6@g0 ./0 ?! 94 D./ 6@- -3:4B5 D702

* ,æ$ -uan tám cua træåìng ãún !iã$c hc tá$( (hán

män trang tr):".5 F0.6 30+B: TE7/5F THCS NF:+g5 "Z53 a30+6 9.? =

EB :.5 -46 9+K5 @ 6@5 M? -3:4B- =:?5F 53E 345 [email protected] -[! 3@5F = EB 345 0+B- 6@5 =3[53 6@5 3:B 53E53E?5F 56 -E7= 94! :.5 -46 9+K5 0+B= =3:4J5 X 6./:?! :- =3\! F04K ?! :B5F =:B -EB= :.5 =:8. F0. 0+5./ 3= 053! -.B 60 90+,: 0+B5 =3 F0. 0+5 ./ 3=053 -3EB= 30+B5 -@K- 0+B= .B ./ 3=2 NF./0 . 53./-E7/5F =/5 -3E7/5F >:+5 4B5 9@5F F0. 9\53 3= 053

=3:4J5 X 6./: ? =3 =.= 6 94, 9:8! \ -3+K 6./ @K 3=053 30+B5 5. 3@5F = 6./: ? D./ 4K- [-2 SEB :.5 -463[=3 D+B =:8. ".5 F0.6 30+B: 53./ -E7/5F D./ 5F:@,5 =@J :? 9@5F 0+5 4K- D75 9+J F0. 0+5 ./ 3= 053 3./5 -3./53-@K- 530+B6 :B .B ./ 3=2

1 N(934 (? (F30

"+5 =.B53 53E?5F -3:4B5 D70 =7 .85 -+5! 0+B= 3= -4B345 6@5 -.5F -[ =:?5F FB 6@- @K 3 35 534K- 9X531

T30+K: 3/5F 9. =3E= 55F 9+J -3EB= 30+B5! 3= 053 3@5F

= 90+,: 0+B5 9+J E8 :B5F 6./ @- 3. 6./: 5E7= 6./=3:8 +K: D./ E8 :B5F 6./: .! 6./: >.B =3 5+5 EB .5F-.B -5F E8 :B5F 6./: =/5 530+,: 3.B5 =3+K2 Â@K0 70




14/27

345 6@5 -.5F -[ 30 F0.85F .B =/5 -30+K: F0. =:B -EB=:.5 053 9@5F 5+5 =3E. -.B 9E7= 3E5F -3: -5F 3=-4B =3 =.= 62 G0. 0+5 =:?5F =3E. 90 4: ./ 3E75F4g5 =.= 6 5F:+5 -Y= 3. -@5 ./ E8 :B5F 6./: -3+K5./ =3 3:/ 372 V\ 90+,: 0+B5 -37/0 F0.5 3= -4B 3.B5

=3+K! .853 3E785F 9+K5 0+B= .B ./ 3= =:8. F0. 0+5 ./3= 0532II2 TÇM HIÃØU THÆÛC TRAÛNG T`M ;- .:1

H= 053 THCS 50 =3:5F ./ 3= 053 D7 b ./ h 500+5F -3\ =.= 6 4g5 =/5 530+,: 3.B5 =3+K ./ 530+,: 90+,:9.5F DE: 2 C -3+J D./ .853 3E785F =3:8 :.5 ./ 3.=3

:.5 -5F :. -\53 3= =:8. =.= 62-: 530+5 +5 =.B539 4g5 =/5 53E?5F 90+J6 3. -[=3 =EB= =4,5 3.- 3: ./@,0 E7?5F2

H4,: 53E =.= 6 E8 :B5F 6./: =/5 -3 -[53 =34K-=.86 -[532 ;E. -:@J0 =.= 6 9.5F -5F F0.0 9.B5 3.--0+J5 6.B53 6? +, -46 053 D2 N0 =.=3 3.=! 94 D./ DE.-:@J0 "bçnh minh cua cuäc åìi" =.= 6 Y- 94,: D./6 0+B== -E :! -: 530+5 3@5F -3 6@- 5F:+5 -Y= 5./! =.=6 =/5 E8 :B5F 6./: Y= 6@- =.=3 -EB ! -:/ ! [-

-:45 -3 =.= 5F:+5 -Y= =7 .852 H75 5E?. -5F :. -\53.B 3= =.= 6 [- 3E75F 4: =3 =.= 6 ./ 5F:+5-Y= 3. -@5! E8 :B5F 6./: 53E -3+K 5./ =3 3:/ 372V\ 90+,: 0+B5 -37/0 F0.5 3= -4B 3.B5 =3+K1 e -0+K-s e -:4,5=3 5+5 .853 3E785F 530+,: 9+K5 4K5 9+, .B ./ 3= =:8.F0. 0+5 ./ 3= 0532 "E7= 94,: 6@5 3= 9E7= 9E. ./F0.85F .B 5+5 =7 78 4B- =34K-! 90+,: 0+B5 =3E. 94, 9:82V0+B= 545F =. =34K- DE75F =:8. 6@5 3= =3E. 9E7= =3: 2 NF./0 . 0+B= 3= =:8. =.= 6 =3:8 +K: D./ 78 53./! \-3+K =.=3 E8 :B5F 6./: =:8. =.= 6 4g5 6.5F -[53 =34K--EB 3.-! -EB F0.=! 6./: Y= =.= 6 :/5F -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ =3:8 D./ 6./: 5F:+5! [- = EB 3. -@5 Y= 9@./ Y= 6./: -.8 6.B53! 975 F0.852 H4,: 3+K- =.= 6 E8 :B5F 6./: 3@5F = F.6 6./: =3:8 9.B 6./ 6./: =.= 6? -3E7/5F = EB =45 9@K0 F0E?. 55F ./ D.B532

C.= 6 =3E. -3E= 9E7= 6./: Y= -5F 3@0 3.B3@5F 534K- -30+K- 3.80 D./ 6./: -3EB= -+K -30+5 530+5 9 =.= 6 E8 :B5F 6./: =/5 -:5F \53 70 -30+5 530+5 -3EB=-+K2 S5F =/5 = -E7/5F 37 =.= 6 E8 :B5F -3

-3[=3 =:8. 6\53 3@5F -3 6@- 5F:+5 -Y= 3. : D:4B--3EB= -+K 5./2




15/27

III2 V`fN ÂÃÖ SÆÍ UÛNG MAÌU SÀÕC TRONG "AÌI V#$ TRANG TR% CUÍA HO&CSINH1

Â@K0 70 ./0 ? -.5F -[ 53\5 =3:5F =.= 6 78 9@ -:@J05./ 9+,: = =.=3 E8 :B5F -E75F 9@K0 F0@K5F 53.:2

C -3+J -[53 .5F -.B ./ =.=3 53\5 64g: 78 =.= 6

=3E. =. 5+5 =.= 6 -3E7/5F 53\5 53.: 9+J ?! \ 4B ./0? =:8. =.= 6 4K- [- -:45 -3 5F:+5 -Y= =3:5F +, 6./:Y=2

c V+, 9@ 94B6 53.B- 34,: 53E =.= 6 [- =3: ! = =35F 90 5E?. -3\ 4g5 =/5 -:/ -0+B5 3@5F -3 5F:+5 -Y=1.5F -:5F F0.5 c -@K0 6./ =.= 6 9@0 D:= E8 :B5F -:/ -+5 -E/5F 3.B -0+K- =:8. ./0 ?2

c V+, 3./ Y= =:?5F 4B! -: = 3= :.2 S5F -46 D 30:/5F 6./: Y= =.= 6 4g5 =/5 3.6 -5F D:= ? 6./:2 M./:

5./ 9B! 5@J0 4B- 534K- -3\ =.= 6 ?! 6./ 3@5F =3: 9+K5 3./ Y= =3:8 9.B! -3E7/5F =.= 6 :/5F 6./: -EB ! 9 ./0 ? =:8. =.= 6 -3E7/5F = EB -.53 =34K +,6./:2

c C.=3 E8 :B5F =B 6./: Y= -E75F 3.851 FY5 70-46 D @0 5@J0! 55F 9@5F! -3[=3 =.= 3.B- 9@5F +, 5@J0=3 5+5 -5F ./0 ? =.= 6 @= D@ ? -[53 55F 4K :.=.= =B 6./:2 M@- ./0 ? =:8. =.= 6 +, 6./: -E75F3.85 D:@5 =30+K6 -8 D+B =.! -: 530+5 =.= 6./: 4K =.= 6

E8 :B5F =/5 -:/ ./ 3@5F =3: 9+K5 =.= =B 6./:-3 5F:+5 D2

S5F +K: -@K -46 D 4K! 530+,: D:= EB @ -\53-5F 30 ? =@5F 70 EB -E75F 3.85 37 53.: +, 6./:3. 35F 3: ./ 34K 4g52

c V+, 3./ Y= 55F D.B531 H4,: 53E 30 ? =.= 63@5F =3: 9+K5 9B= 90+J6 5./ ./ -46 D -3[=3 =.=6./: 5@J0 5+5 -5F ./0 ? =.= 6 D:@5 ? 6./: 55F! 6./:D.B53 9E5F =.B53 53.:2 N3E 4B 5+5 ./0 ? =:8. =.= 6

D:@5 = EB -.53 =34K +, EB 55F D.B53 =:8. 6./:2 T6 D.B01 H= 053 78 DE. -:@J0 5./ -3E7/5F E8 :B5F

6./: Y= -3 -46 D ./ =.86 534B5 0+5F =:8. =. 53456\532 H75 5E?. EB 9./ 4: +, 6B- F0. E7?5F =/5530+,: 3.B5 =3+K! .853 3E785F -4,6 53\5 +, 6./: =:8. =.=6 -5F 3.B6 0 3.B5 3B5! 9 6./: Y= =:8. =.= 66.5F +K: -@K -EB 3.- 530+,: 3752

T\6 30+J: :. -36 / 0+K5 =:8. 3= 053 D7 b*1

TY= 5F30+B6 :0 +, 3= -4B 345 6@5 -.5F -[1e2 T3 6 345 6@5 -.5F -[ = :.5 -5F 3@5Fl

C a3@5F ! "\53 -3E7/5F




16/27

(2 #6 = -3[=3 3= 345 6@5 5./ 3@5Fj T.B0 .1R4K- -3[=3 T3[=3 a3@5F -3[=3

V\12222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222k2 #6 =3:4J5 X 6./: 53E -3+K 5./ 30 3= -.5F -[j

Â4, 9:8 a3@5F 94, 9:8 *2 #6 -3[=3 :/5F 53E?5F 6./: 5./ 30 ? -.5F -[j222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222i2 N3E?5F 6./: 5./ D./ 6./: 55Fj222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222b2 N3E?5F 6./: 5./ D./ 6./: 6.B53j222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

h2 ÅÍ 53./ 6 = ./53 -37/0 F0.5 9+J ? -.5F -[ 3@5Fj T3E7/5F >:+5 T3Z53 -3.85F a3@5F

D:= 5./ o2 T3 6 3= 345 6@5 -.5F -[ = 3 3@5Fj

R4K- 3 a3 a3@5F 3 r2 #6 = 0+K5 F\ +, F0. 0+5 .B M? -3:4B-j222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222

222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222e)2 #6 = 0+K5 5F3X F\ 9@K0 70 53./ -E7/5Fj222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222H.? 9.53 4K: ./ @ :@5F ./ 90+,5 ./ 53E?5F /5F

8 -+5 53E?5F 0+K5 =:8. 6\53WNGÆÅÌI $)Û% %HIÃ;U

N4#+P3 T(Q H7,34 N(#34

/ãút -ua th0m #ì %ï kiãún nhæ +au:

C4: e1 C 1 k* 6 c hh!ku

a3@5F 1 )b 6 c ek!bu

"\53 -3E7/5F 1 )* 6 c r!eu

C4: (1 R4K- -3[=3 1 kb 6 c oe!ou

T3[=3 1 )o 6 c eo!(u

a3@5F -3[=3 1 )

C4: k1 Â4, 9:8 1 * 6 c e))u




17/27

a3@5F 94, 9:8 1 )

C4: *1 Â. @K =.= 6 -3[=3 :/5F =.= 6./:1 3@,5F! >.53! .=.6! ./5F222

C4: i2 e))u 3= 053 -.8 D7/0 9E7=

C4: b2 e))u 3= 053 -.8 D7/0 9E7=2C4: h2 T3E7/5F >:+5 1 k* 6 c hh!ku

T3Z53 -3.85F 1 e) 6 c ((!hu

a3@5F D:= 5./ 1 )

C4: o2 R4K- 3 l )o 6 c eo!(u

a3 1 )b 6 c ek!bu

a3@5F 3 1 k) 6 c bo!(u

TE/ 53E?5F +K- :.8 -+5 =3 -34K DE. -:@J0 THCS 4K-

-3[=3 3= 345 6@5 -.5F -[294 D./ 90+,: 0+B5 -3:4B5 D70=3 0+B= .B ./ 3= 345 6@5 5./2 T: 530+5 4K5 9+, E8 :B5F 6./: Y= -5F ./0 ? =:8. =.= 6 =/5 530+,: 4K-=4B! 9B= 90+J6 DE. -:@J0 D./ E. -3[=3 +, 5@J0 5+5 E8 :B5F 6./: Y= 5F:+5 Y=1 98! =.6! ./5F! >.53! 3@,5F222=3 5+5 ./0 ? =.= 6 -3E7/5F = 6./: -E75F 3.85 6.B53./ 9@0 30 =3E. 9+, =4B +K: -@K 55F c D.B53! =3E. = 3./Y= =3:5F2

M@- @K ./0 ? =:8. 3= 053 -E7/5F THCS NF:+g5

"Z53 a30+61n ?u"ng:




18/27

B*./ > %#)* N4#+P3 T(Q H#+,3




19/27

B*./ > %#)* H7,34+ @ L:?




20/27

B*./ %#)* + VF3 N(9:.34 @ :?




21/27

B*./ > C#)* N4#+P3 L*3 A3( @ L:?




22/27

C01ng IIINHÆ(NG -);N ÂÃ2 C)2N ÂÃ2 @U);T

Q:. -\6 30+J: -3EB= -.B5F E8 :B5F 6./: Y= -5F ./0

? -.5F -[ =.= 3\53 =7 .85W =:8. 3= 053 THCS2 N34B5-34K =.=3 E8 :B5F 6./: 78 DE. -:@J0 5./ =/5 530+,: 3.B5=3+K 53E 9.? 5+: 78 34,5 -+5W2

V4B =4,5 3.80 = 53E?5F F0.80 3. F\ 9+J 3Y= 3:B=!F0.80 :+K-j

;./ 6@- F0. 0+5 6? -3:4B- -5F -E75F D.0! -@0 5F3d 9 D./ 6@- 90+,: 4K- :.5 -5F2 "780 \ =:@= @K5F 30+B5 9.B05F./ =./5F 9/0 380 =. b( 5 3.! -053 -34,52 M? -3:4B-=/5 D./ =5 9E7/5F 3E75F =5 5FE7/0 9+K5 =.0 9B 3./5

6?! 9. E5F 53: =4,: >.? 3@0 30+B5 5.2 V\ 4B -@0 9+,>:4K- =.= F0.80 3. .:1

c Â@K0 70 F0. 0+5 -5F F0.85F .B 3.80 = 3E75F3. -3[=3 37 9+J -:+,5 9.B- =3 3= 053 5Y6 9E7=53E?5F 0+K5 -3E= D -3:+K-! 9+J = -3+J 4B5 :B5F 5 -346 534B ./ ./0 -4B -3EB= 3./532

T3[ :B1 ÅÍ =3E75F -\53 D7 b = ./0 "maìu +01c"! "2aìu+01c trang tr)"! 78 =.= ./0 5./ -@0 ? -:+,5 9.B- 3+K- 0+K5-3E= +, 6./: Y= ./ E5F :B5F 5 ./ -.5F -[1 =.= 3.0

50+B6! 3E75F 3. 3. 6./:! =.= 5F:+5 -Y= =7 .85 =:8.6./: Y=! 3. -E75F :.5 6./: Y=222 =4,5 90 4: ./ F0.80-3[=3 3+K- =.= 3.0 50+B62

c T5F =.= ./0 -.5F -[ 3\53 =7 .85 30 D+5 D7 -@0 ? =3:4J5 X 530+,: 9@, :/5F c F0. :B -EB= :.5 9+J =.= 6= -3+J -3.6 3.8! 345 -[=3! 534B5 >- 9+J =.= 6 :- 0535F30+B6 53E?5F 6B- -@,5 -.B0 ./ 3= 380 53E?5F 6B- E:78 F0. =:B 9+J D./6 ./0 -@K- 3752 C4,5 3E75F 4g5 -34B- ? =.=3 ? 6./: 53E -3+K 5./ =3 9:5F! 9B2

T3[ :B1 .B ./0 -.5F -[ 3\53 :@5F 3. 8 =3E? 05 3.5- 9+,: -@0 ? =3:4J5 X F0. =:B -EB= :.5 94, 9:8! ? ./5F! 9B! = ./0 .0! 9:5F! 9B ./ =3E. 9B 9+J 345-[=3 =3 =.= 6 ?2

n T@ 6./: -5F -.5F -[ 3\53 :@5F -3\ 3.80 -.B 9E7=k Y= 9@1 .5F c -:5F F0.5 c 94B62 N+K: 5+,5 94B6 -3\3.B -0+K- 6./: -:5F F0.5 ./ .5F! 5+,5 .5F -3\ 6./: 3.B-0+K- 5+5 =:? 94B6 ./ -:5F F0.52 TE75F -EB 5+K: 5+,5 6./:-:5F F0.5 -3\ 3.B -0+K- ? 6./: 94B6 ./ .5F2 H. -0+K-

F0@K5F 53.: -3\ ? =:/5F 6./:2n T@ 6./: -5F ./0 8 =3E? 3.80 ? 6./: F0@K5F 53.:-5F e /5F =3E? ./ -@ 3.80 5@J0 4B- /5F =3E?! ^5F




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=.=3 -@ 5+,5 .5F -3\ =3E? 94B6 3. 5+,5 94B6 -3\ =3E? 3.80 .5F2

c G0. 0+5 3.80 -3EB= 30+B5 3E75F 3. F0.85F .B.- .! 3:/ 37 -E/5F 5@0 :5F ./0 .B2 C +K 3.B=3-3 ?0 ./ =3Z 9.B 0+B= 3= ./ D./6 ./0 =:8. 3= 053!

3+B -3@K5F -@J =3E= F0.85F .B = -[53 3. 3= ./ = E= D@0 =:@K5 3= 053! =4,5 E8 :B5F 9@, :/5F -EB= :.56@- =.=3 37 D2

c V70 =4K -+51 C4,5 -.B 90+,: 0+B5 +, =7 78 4B- =34K-=3 0+B= F0.85F .B! >4 EB5F 6@- 3/5F =3E= 55F 9+J3= @ 6@5 5./! -.B 90+,: 0+B5 =3 3= 053 E8 :B5F6./: 5E7=! 6./: @- 30 ? -.5F -[! 53^6 3.- 3: EB.5F -.B =3 =.= 62




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C2 a+K- D:4B5

Â+, -./0 6./: Y= ./ =.=3 E8 :B5F 6./: Y= -5F ./0? -.5F -[ =:8. 3= 053 T:5F 3= =7 78 D./ 6@- 9+, -./0=/5 530+,: 670 D.B! 3@5F 53E?5F -5F -./0 D0+B: 5F30+5 =E:6./ 5F. =.8 0+B= 5F30+5 =E: -3EB= -0+g5 3= -4B =:8.3= 053 =:?5F FB 3@5F [- 3 352 S5F -5F :. -\53

-\6 30+J:! E7= 94,: -3./53 =@5F ./ F0: -@0 = 6@- @K053 5F30+B6 @J [=3 =3 0+B= F0.85F .B .: 5./2 H0+J: 375+, 6./: Y=! -4,6 :.5 -5F :8. 6./: Y= -5F 5F3+B-3:4B- 3@0 3.B! =:?5F 53E -5F =:@= @K5F! 30+J: -46 D E8 :B5F 6./: Y= =:8. 3= 053 THCS -E/ 9 = 3E75F3E75F F0.85F .B 3:/ 372

V70 9+, -./0 5./ -@0 65F 6:@K5 9E7= F 34,5 -3.F7? 53E?5F 6B- =/5 -@,5 -.B0! 53^6 545F =. 30+B: :.8 E8 :B5F 6./: -5F ./0 ? -.5F -[ =:8. 3= 053 THCS2




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UÛC $UÛC

A= %H)2N ÅÍ Â)2U122222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222(I2 ;


26/27

UÛC $UÛC22222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222222(i

TAÌI $IÃÛU THA +HAÍO

! N(934 >83 &+, >+, M -(#$- V/+$- N*=

NL" NF3+B -3:4B-W1 Q%( 9) M -(#$- >*. = (;% V/+$- N*=

NL" G0. :B= c 9./ -.BW

T*34 -'

G0. -\53 9./ -.B F0. 0+5 THCSNL" F0. :B=W

T= L? (;% L9?* -#7/

G0. -\53 9./ -.B F0. 0+5 THCSW

W T$ *./ 4/*)34 7; =73 -*34 -'TE7/5F CÂSP N3.B= c H.B T:5F E75FW




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;7/0 =.86 753á'n á'u tiãn laìm -u4n !aì nghiãn cæïu ã' taìi thuäc

l5nh !æ$c kha hc6 hån næ7a laì män hc cìn måïi m47 trng giaï #u$c6 taìi liã$u liãn -uan khï hiãúm6 thåìi gian !aìiã'u kiã$n ha$n h4$(6 (ha$m !i nghiãn cæïu khaï räng cäng!åïi +äú læång hc +inh ca. 8 ï !iã$c nghiãn cæïu tçmhiãøu cìn m01c nhiã'u +ai +ït !aì ha$n h4$(6 g0$( khäng )t khï kh0n. 9ãn ca$nh ï ban thán cu7ng g0$( nhiã'u thuá$nlåi khäng nh.

8æåïi +æ$ giuï( å7 hæåïng #án tá$n tçnh cua cä giaï:;gu%ãn

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