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Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 1
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V TI ............................................................................... 2
1.1 S lc v cc h iu hnh ............................................................................................. 2
1.2 ti v mc tiu ca ti ............................................................................................. 4
CHNG 2. C S L THUYT ........................................................................................ 5
2.1 Gii thiu chung v hiu hnh android ............................................................................. 5
2.2 Kin trc h iu hnh android ......................................................................................... 7
2.3 H thng tp tin trn h iu hnh android ..................................................................... 12
2.4 So snh gia cc h iu hnh ........................................................................................ 16
CHNG 3. THIT K V XY DNG CHNG TRNH .......................................... 18
3.1 Phn tch chc nng ....................................................................................................... 18
3.2 Xy dng chc nng....................................................................................................... 20
CHNG 4. TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU .................................................... 24
4.1 Mi trng trin khai. .................................................................................................... 24
4.2 Kt qu chc nng ca chng trnh .............................................................................. 24
4.3 nh gi v nhn xt ...................................................................................................... 32
CHNG 5. KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN ...................................................... 33
5.1 Kt lun.......................................................................................................................... 33
5.2 Hng pht trin ............................................................................................................ 33
TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................................ 34
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V TI
1.1 S lc v cc h iu hnh H iu hnh l chng trnh chy trn h thng my tnh, qun l cc ti nguyn trn
my tnh v l mi trng cho cc chng trnh ng dng chy trn n.
Ngy nay, khi nim h iu hnh khng ch l trn my vi tnh m cn c m rng cho
nhiu thit b in t khc chng hn nh in thoi thng minh (smart phone), cc thit b cm
tay PDA....v.v
Nh vy h iu hnh di ng l h iu hnh chy trn h thng my c tnh di ng cao.
Vi c th , h iu hnh di ng phi c nhng kh nng c bit m nhng h iu hnh
thng thng khng c c. Chn hn nh n phi chy trn h thng my c cu hnh my hn
ch v tc b vi x l, b nh s dng, phi chy c n nh lin tc trong mt thi gian di
m ch s dng mt lng in nng nh, trong sut thi gian chy c th duy tr cc kt ni
mng khng dy m bo vic lin lc.
Mt s h iu hnh tiu biu :
o Trn my tnh c nhn : MS DOS, MS WINDOW, MACOS, LINUX, UNIX,
o Trn in thoi thng minh : Android, Sybian, Window Mobile, iPhone OS, BlackBerry, S60, Bada OS, Palm OS.
Ngoi ra cn c cc h iu hnh chy trn mainframe, server, th chp, ...
1) Cc chc nng chnh ca h iu hnh
Qun l chia s ti nguyn.Ti nguyn y l bao gm:
o Ti nguyn phn cng (CPU, B nh, cc thit b IO)
o Ti nguyn phn mm (Cc file, chng trnh dng chung)
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 3
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
To lp mi trng o t ph thuc vo phn cng cc phn mm ng
dng hot ng, phc v ngi dng.
2) Cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh
- Thnh phn qun l tin trnh - Thnh phn qun l b nh - Thnh phn qun l nhp xut - Thnh phn qun l tp tin - Thnh phn bo v h thng - Thnh phn dch lnh - Thnh phn qun l mng
3) Phn loi h iu hnh a. Theo loi thit b m h iu hnh hot ng
- H iu hnh dnh cho my MainFrame - H iu hnh dnh cho my Server - H iu hnh dnh cho my nhiu CPU - H iu hnh dnh cho my tnh c nhn (PC) - H iu hnh dnh cho my PDA - H iu hnh dnh cho my chuyn bit - H iu hnh dnh cho th chp (SmartCard)
b. Theo s user v s chng trnh cng hot ng - H iu hnh n nhim mt ngi dng - H iu hnh a nhim mt ngi dng - H iu hnh a nhim nhiu ngi dng
c. Theo gc ngi dng - Mt ngi dng - Nhiu ngi dng(Mng ngang hng, mng c my ch)
d. Theo hnh thc x l - H thng x l theo l - H thng x l theo l a chng - H thng chia s thi gian - H thng song song - H thng phn tn - H thng x l thi gian thc
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
1.2 ti v mc tiu ca ti n Nguyn l h iu hnh ln ny ca chng em c giao ti.
Tm hiu v h iu hnh android, vit chng trnh minh ha.
Android l mt h iu hnh chy trn in thoi di ng c pht trin t nhn linux,
mang nhiu c tnh c trng ca mt h iu hnh di ng nhng vn mang nhng tnh cht
chung ca cc h iu hnh. L mt h iu hnh tr trung, hin i, tuy ra i mun nhng li
c pht trin t linux, rt kinh nghim t nhiu h iu hnh i trc, c tch hp nhiu cng
ngh tin tin v c bit l c pht trin t mt ng trm cng ngh tm c th gii l
Google nn Android sm tm c ch ng ca mnh.
Trong phm vi mt bi bo co, chng em s ch i n 2 vn sau y :
Nghin cu v kin trc h iu hnh android
So snh h iu hnh android vi cc h iu hnh khc bao gm cc h iu hnh
trn my tnh PC v cc h iu hnh di ng khc.
Nghin cu k h thng file trn android
Phn demo, xy dng chng trnh th hin cu trc h thng file trn android v thc hin
mt s thao tc nh to th mc, sao chp, di chuyn, i tn, xem thuc tnh, xem v chnh sa
cc quyn hn trn file i vi ngi dng, nhm ngi dng.
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 5
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
CHNG 2. C S L THUYT
2.1 Gii thiu chung v hiu hnh android Android l mt h iu hnh di ng da trn nn tng linux phin bn 2.6 dnh cho cc
dng in thoi SmartPhone. u tin c ra i bi cng ty lin hp Android, sau c
Google mua li v pht trin t nm 2005 v tr thnh mt h iu hnh di ng m ngun m,
min ph, mnh m v c a chung cao trn th gii.
H iu hnh android mt h iu hnh rt mnh mnh, c bo mt cao, h tr c nhiu
cng ngh tin tin nh 3G, GPS, EDGE, Wifi.. tng thch vi nhiu phn cng, h tr nhiu
loi b nhp d liu nh keyboard, touch v trackball. Android l h iu hnh di ng nn c kh
nng kt ni cao vi cc mng khng dy. H tr cng ngh OpenGL nn c kh nng chi cc
phng tin media, hot hnh cng nh trnh din cc kh nng ha khc cc tt, l tin
pht trin cc ng dng c giao din phc tp chng hn nh l cc tr chi.
Android lin tc c pht trin, mi bn cp nht t google l mi ln android c ti u
ha hot ng tt hn, nhanh v n nh hn, h tr thm cng ngh mi. Chng hn nh theo
mt nh gi th android phin bn 2.2 hot ng nhanh hn bn 2.1 ti 450%. Hin nay, phin
bn mi nht 2.3 pht hnh ngy 6/12/2010 v ang tip tc c cp nht.
Nm 2008, h iu hnh android chnh thc m ton b m ngun, iu cho php
cc hng in thoi c th em m ngun v ty chnh, thit k li sao cho ph hp vi mi mu
m in thoi ca h v iu quan trng na l h iu hnh m ny hon ton min ph, khng
phi tr tin nn gip h tit kim kh ln chi ph pht trin h iu hnh. Nhng iu l cc
k tt khng ch i vi cc hng sn xut in thoi nh m ngay c vi nhng hng ln nh
Samsung, HTC....
Vi Google, v android hon ton min ph, Google khng thu tin t nhng hng sn xut
in thoi, tuy khng trc tip hng li t android nhng b li, nhng dch v ca hng nh
Google Search, Google Maps,... nh c android m c th d dng xm nhp nhanh vo th trng
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
di ng v mi chic in thoi c sn xut ra u c tch hp hng lot dch v ca Google.
T hng c th kim bi, ch yu l t cc ngun qung co trn cc dch v .
Vi cc nh pht trin ng dng (developers), vic h iu hnh android c s dng ph
bin ng ngha vi vic h c th thoi mi pht trin ng dng trn nn android vi s tin tng
l ng dng s c th chy c ngay trn nhiu dng in thoi ca cc hng khc nhau. H t
phi quan tm l ang pht trin cho in thoi no, phin bn bao nhiu v nn tng android l
chung cho nhiu dng my, my o Java chu trch nhim thc thi nhng ng dng ph hp
vi mi dng in thoi m n ang chy. Tt c cc chng trnh ng dng c vit bng ngn
ng Java kt hp vi XML nn c kh nng kh chuyn cao.
Mt s hng sn xut in thoi c s dng h iu hnh android tiu biu :
HTC vi cc dng Desire HD, Evo 4G, DROID ERIS, Desire Z, Hero, Desire,
Tattoo, Wildfire, Droid Incredible, Legend, Magic, Google Nexus One, Dream,
Aria, Paradise
LG vi cc dng GT540 Optimus, Optimus Chic E720, Optimus One P500,
GW620, Optimus Z, Optimus Q, KH5200 Andro-1, GW880, C710Aloha
MOTOROLA vi cc dng MILESTONE 2, BACKFLIP, Droid XTreme,
MT710 ZHILING, MILESTONE, XT720 MOTOROI, A1680, XT800
ZHISHANG, DEFY, CHARM, XT806...
SAMSUNG vi cc dng my I9000 Galaxy S, Galaxy Tab, Epic 4G, i5510,
I5500 Galaxy 5, I7500 Galaxy, I5800 Galaxy 3, M110S Galaxy S, I6500U
Galaxy, Galaxy Q, I5700 Galaxy Spica, I8520 Galaxy Beam, I909 Galaxy S
SONY : XPERIA X10, XPERIA X10 mini, XPERIA X8
ACER vi cc dng my beTouch T500, Liquid E, Stream, Liquid, beTouch
E110, beTouch E130, beTouch E400, beTouch E120, Liquid Metal
Ngoi ra cn nhiu hng in thoi va v nh khc na cng s dng h iu
hnh android trong sn phm ca mnh....
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 7
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
2.2 Kin trc h iu hnh android H iu hnh android c 4 tng t di ln trn l tng ht nhn Linux (Phin bn 2.6),
tng Tng Libraries & Android runtime , Tng Application Framework v trn cng l tng
Application.
1. Tng ht nhn Linux (Linux Kernel layer)
H iu hnh android c pht trn da trn ht nhn linux, c th l ht nhn linux phin
bn 2.6, iu c th hin lp di cng ny. Tt c mi hot ng ca in thoi mun thi
hnh c th u c thc hin mc cp thp lp ny bao gm qun l b nh (memory
management), giao tip vi phn cng (driver model), thc hin bo mt (security), qun l tin
trnh (process).
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Tuy c pht trin da vo nhn linux nhng thc ra nhn linux c nng cp v sa
i rt nhiu ph hp vi tnh cht ca nhng thit b cm tay nh hn ch v b vi x l,
dung lng b nh, kch thc mn hnh, nhu cn kt ni mng khng dy...
Tng ny c cc thnh phn ch yu :
Display Driver : iu khin vic hin th ln mn hnh cng nh thu nhn nhng iu khin ca ngi dng ln mn hnh (di chuyn, cm ng...)
Camera Driver : iu kin hot ng ca camera, nhn lung d liu t camera tr v.
Bluetooth Driver : iu khin thit b pht v thu sng Bluetooth.
USB driver : Qun l hot ng ca cc cng giao tip USB
Keypad driver : iu khin bn phm
Wifi Driver : Chu trch nhim v vic thu pht sng wifi
Audio Driver : iu khin cc b thu pht m thanh, gii m cc tnh hiu dng audio thnh tn hiu s v ngc li
Binder IPC Driver : Chu trch nhim v vic kt ni v lin lc vi mng v tuyn nh CDMA, GSM, 3G, 4G, E m bo nhng chc nng truyn thng c thc hin.
M-System Driver : Qun l vic c ghi... ln cc thit b nh nh th SD, flash
Power Madagement : Gim st vic tiu th in nng.
2. Tng Library v android runtime
Phn ny c 2 thnh phn l phn Library v Android Runtime
a. Phn Libraries. Phn ny c nhiu th vin c vit bng C/C++ cc phn mm c th s dng, cc th vin c tp hp thnh mt s nhm nh :
Th vin h thng (System C library) : th vin da trn chun C, c s dng ch bi h iu hnh
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 9
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Th vin Media (Media Libraries) : C nhiu codec h tr vic pht v ghi cc loi nh dng m thanh, hnh nh, video thng dng.
Th vin web (LibWebCore) : y l thnh phn xem ni dung trn web, c s dng xy dng phn mm duyt web (Android Browse) cng nh cc ng dng khc c th nhng vo. N cc k mnh, h tr c nhiu cng ngh mnh m nh HTML5, JavaScript, CSS, DOM, AJAX..
Th vin SQLite : H c s d liu cc ng dng c th s dng.
.....
b. Phn Android runtime
Phn ny cha cc th vin m mt chng trnh vit bng ngn ng Java c th hot ng. Phn ny c 2 b phn tng t nh m hnh chy Java trn my tnh thng. Th nht l cc th vin li (Core Library) , cha cc lp nh JAVA IO, Collections, File Access. Th hai l mt my o java (Dalvik Virtual Machine) . Mc d cng c vit t ngn ng Java nhng mt ng dng Java ca h iu hnh android khng c chy bng JRE ca Sun (nay l Oracle) (JVM) m l chy bng my o Dalvik do Google pht trin.
3. Tng Application Framework.
Tng ny xy dng b cng c - cc phn t mc cao cc lp trnh vin c th nhanh chng xy dng ng dng. N c vit bng Java, c kh nng s dng chung tit kim ti nguyn.
y l mt nn tng m, iu c 2 iu li:
c. Vi cc hng sn xut in thoi : C th ty bin ph hp vi cu hnh in thoi m h sn xut cng nh c nhiu mu m, style hp th hiu ngi dng. V th nn tuy cng chung nn tng android m in thoi ca Google c th khc hn vi Motorola, HTC, T-Mobile, Samsung...
d. Vi lp trnh vin : Cho php lp trnh vin c th s dng cc API tng trn m khng cn phi hiu r cu trc bn di, to iu kin cho lp trnh vin t do sng to bi v ch cn quan tm n ni dung m ng dng h lm vic. Mt tp hp API rt hu ch c xy dng sn nh h thng nh v, cc dch v chy nn, lin lc gia cc ng dng, cc thnh phn giao din cp cao ...
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Gii thiu mt s thnh phn ca phn ny :
a. Activity Manager : Qun l cc chu k sng ca mt ng dng cng nh cung cp cng c iu khin cc Activity.
b. Telephony Manager : Cung cp cng c thc hin vic lin lc nh gi in thoi
c. XMPP Service : Cung cp cng c lin lc trong thi gian thc
d. Location Manager : Cho php xc nh v tr ca in thoi thoi da vo h thng nh v ton cu GPS v Google Maps.
e. Window Manager : Qun l vic xy dng v hin th cc giao din ngi dng cng nh t chc qun l cc giao din gia cc ng dng.
f. Notication Manager : Qun l vic hin th cc thng bo (nh bo c tin nhn, c e-mail mi..)
g. Resource Manager : Qun l ti nguyn tnh ca cc ng dng bao gm cc file hnh nh, m thanh, layout, string. (Nhng thnh phn khng c vit bi ngn ng lp trnh)
h. .....
4. Tng Application :
y l lp ng dng giao tip vi ngi dng, bao gm cc ng dng nh :
Cc ng dng c bn, c ci t i lin vi h iu hnh l gi in(phone), qun l danh b(Contacts), duyt web (Browser), nhn tin (SMS), lch lm vic (Calendar), c e-mail (Email-Client), bn (Map), quay phim chp nh (camera)...
Cc ng dng c ci thm nh cc phn mm chng khon (Stock), cc tr chi (Game), t in...
Cc chng trnh c cc c im l :
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 11
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Vit bng Java, phn m rng l apk
Khi mi ng dng c chy, n c mt phin bn Virtual Machine c dng ln phc v cho n. N c th l mt Active Program : Chng trnh c giao din vi ngi s dng hoc l mt background : chng trnh chy nn hay l dch v.
Android l h iu hnh a nhim, iu c ngha l trong cng mt thi im, c th c nhiu chng trnh cng chy mt lc, tuy nhin, vi mi ng dng th c duy nht mt thc th (instance) c php chy m thi. iu c tc dng hn ch s lm dng ti nguyn, gip h thng hot ng tt hn.
Cc ng dng c gn s ID ca ngi s dng nhn phn nh quyn hn khi s dng ti nguyn, cu hnh phn cng v h thng.
Android l mt h iu hnh c tnh m, khc vi nhiu h iu hnh di ng khc, android cho php mt ng dng ca bn th ba c php chy nn. Cc ng dng ch c mt hn ch nh l n khng c php s dung qu 5~10% cng sut CPU, iu nhn trnh c quyn trong vic s dng CPU.
ng dng khng c im vo c nh, khng c phng thc main bt u.
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
2.3 H thng tp tin trn h iu hnh android Trong phm vi mt bi tm hiu v h iu hnh, em ch xin tm hiu r mt vn ca h
iu hnh android l vn qun l h thng tp tin. Phn ny c im thun li tm hiu
l v c pht trin t nhn linux nn h thng tp tin trn android cc k ging h thng tp
tin trn linux nh l v cch t chc, nhng quyn hn ca ngi s dng ln file...
a. Tng quan v h thng file trn Android : - Trong android, cc file c t chc thnh cc th mc, theo m hnh phn cp. Tham
chiu n mt file bng tn v ng dn. Cc cu lnh thao tc file cho php thc hin
cc chc nng nh dch chuyn, sao chp ton b th mc cng vi cc th mc con cha
trong n
- C th s dng cc k t, du gch di, ch s, du chm v du phy t tn file.
Khng c bt u mt tn file bng du chm hay ch s. Nhng k t khc nh /, ?,
*, l k t c bit c dnh ring cho h thng. Chiu di ca tn file c th ti 256 k
t. Trong h iu hnh android c s phn bit tn file ch hoa v ch thng, iu c
ngha l trong cng 1 th mc c th tn ti nhng file c tn l File, FILE, file.. v chng
l nhng file khc nhau..
- Tt c cc file trong android c chung cu trc vt l l chui cc byte (byte stream). Cu
trc thng nht ny cho php android p dng khi nim file cho mi thnh phn d liu
trong h thng. Th mc cng nh cc thit b c xem nh file. Chnh vic xem mi th
nh cc file cho php android qun l v chuyn i d liu mt cch d dng. Mt th
mc cha cc thng tin v th mc, c t chc theo mt nh dng c bit. Cc thnh
phn c xem nh cc file, chng c phn bit da trn kiu file: ordinary file,
directory file, character device file, v block device file.
b. Cc kiu file trn android: - Trong nhiu h iu hnh nh window, ngi ta phn bit r file (tp tin) v folder (hay
directory : th mc) l 2 thnh phn khc hn nhau. Tuy nhin trn h iu hnh android
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 13
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
(cng nh linux) th coi directory cng l file v n l mt loi file c bit. Thc t cn
mt s loi file na c th lit k theo bng sau :
Ch ci biu din Kiu file
d Th mc (Directory)
b File kiu khi (block-type special file)
c File kiu k t (character-type special file)
l Lin kt tng trng (symbolic link)
p File ng ng (pipe)
s Socket
- File bnh thng (regular file)
Hnh 2: Bng lit k mt s kiu file trong Linux
c. T chc quyn s hu v quyn hn trn file: Tng t trn h thng linux, trn h iu hnh android, mt file c th lin
kt vi mt ngi s dng v mt nhm ngi s dng. S lin kt l mt tp hp cc quyn hn truy cp bao gm quyn c php c (read), c php ghi (write) v c php thc thi (execute).
C th nh sau: Mt file s c nhng quyn hn tng ng vi 9 k t theo mu sau : Vi k t r w x ngha l c quyn tng ng vi k t vit tt , - ngha l khng c quyn hn . Owner Owner Group Other r/- w/- x/- r/- w/- x/- r/- w/- x/-
3 k t u tin l quyn hn ch nhn file
3 k t gia l quyn hn ca nhm ti khon s hu file
3 k t cui l quyn hn ca nhng ngi khng thuc nhm s hu file.
V d : Mt file c dy k t biu din quyn hn l rwxr-xrth iu c
ngha :
3 k t u l rwx : Ch nhn c th c, ghi v thc thi file
3 k t tip theo l r-x th nhm ti khon s hu file c quyn c v thc thi file
ch khng c quyn ghi, chnh sa file.
3 k t cui l r-- ngha l nhng ngi khng s hu file ch c php c m
khng th chnh sa hay thc thi file.
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Trn h thng android, bit xem c quyn hn , ta c th s dng cu lnh ls l d.
V d : ls -l -d /mnt/sdcard/QuangHoa xem quyn hn ca file /mnt/sdcard/QuangHoa
th c th tr v kt qu nh sau
d---rwxr-x system sdcard_rw 2010-12-29 21:00 QuangHoa
Th nhng thng tin c th ly v l :
o K t u tin l ch d : vy file c kiu l th mc hay l file bao hm o Chui ghi quyn hn l ---rwxr-x th c ngha
(---)Ngi s hu khng c php c, ghi, thc thi file
(rwx) Nhm ti khon s hu c php c, ghi, thc thi file
r-x : Nhng ngi khng s hu file c php c v thc thi file nhng
khng c php chnh sa hay ghi ln file.
o Chui miu t file : sdcard_rw ngha l y thuc thit b th nh sd, c v ghi c.
o 2010-12-29 21:00 Thi gian chnh sa ln cui o QuangHoa : tn ca file. Ngoi ra c 2 lnh khc cng hu dng l lnh chown thay i quyn s hu file,
lnh chmod thay i quyn hn lin quan n file v lnh chgrp thay i nhm
ngi s hu file.
d. Cy th mc trn h iu hnh android: Th mc (hay c th gi l file) root l th mc gc ca tt c cc file th
mc cn li. Di n c cha mt s file th mc h thng. Mi th mc (tr th mc root) u c mt th mc cha cha n, bn thn n cng c th c nhiu file th mc con. Cu trc c th m t bng mt cy th mc c dng nh sau :
/root
var ect mnt system cache
lost+found font lib app bin framework
Tm hiu v h iu hnh Android 15
[email protected] V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
Gii thiu mt vi th mc tiu biu : o /(root) : L th mc gc. L th mc duy nht khng c th mc cha
o / mnt : th mc cha thit b lu ng (removeable)
o /system : cha nhng thnh phn c bn nht ca h thng
o /ect : cha nhng file cu hnh ca h thng, n cc k quan trng v s hot ng ca h thng u b chi phi nhng file cu hnh ny.
o /system/lost+found : cha nhng tp tin b mt lc khi ng my
o /system/font : cha nhng font ch hin th c
o /system/lib : cha cc th vin cc phn mm hot ng (cc phn mm vit bng ngn ng java)
o /system/app : cha cc file apk ca phn mm. (Cc file ci t ng dng, kiu nh MSI trong window hay dev trong Linux)
o /system/bin : Cha cc chng trnh ni tr ca h thng.
o ....
-
I HC BCH KHOA NNG
KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN B mn Mng & Truyn Thng
V Quang Ha Nhm 09A, Lp 07T4
2.4 So snh gia cc h iu hnh 1) So snh gia h iu hnh di ng v h iu hnh trn
desktop. Ging nhau v bn cht h iu hnh, nhng thnh phn li h iu hnh.
Khc nhau :
o H iu hnh di ng : hot ng trn cc thit b nh gn, hn ch nht l v vn nng lng. Pin th c hn, v th tt c cc thnh phn trn thit b
u phi ti u tit kim pin, iu ny sinh nhiu mu thun vi nhu
cu s dng ca ngi dng.
Mn hnh cng ln v cng sng th s tn in cng nhiu.
B nh ln th chi ph v in cng s cao.
B vi x l cng nhanh th cng tn in.
iu cha k n vic thit b di ng th phi nh gn, nh nhng,
v vy cng nng vic phi ti u phn cng.
Khi h iu hnh di ng cng c trch nhim phi ti u hot
ng ca mnh tit kim nng lng mt cch ti a.
N phi qun l cc ng dng khng cc ng dng chy chim
qu nhiu ti nguyn, trnh s c quyn, xung t, tranh chp ti
nguyn gia cc ng dng trong khi cc h iu hnh chy desktop
th t ch hn. H iu hnh di ng lun c b cng c qun l
in nng s dng trong my, trong nhng tnh hung cn thit th
h thng s t tt nhng ng dng khng cn thit duy tr cc
chng trnh cn thit hn hot ng.
a s cc h iu hnh trn desktop u cho php nhiu ng dng
chy ng thi (a nhim) v kh t do. Trong khi , cc h iu
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hnh chy trn di ng thng khng cho php chy a nhim,
hoc c a nhim th cc ng dng b gii hn kh nhiu.
o Vic hin th giao din trn mt khung hnh nh cng iu kh khn hn so vi h iu hnh chy trn desktop, thng th trn h iu hnh di ng gn
nh khng c giao din ca s cho php nhiu ng dng cng hin th mt
lc m ch l mt giao din m trn mi thi im ch hin th mt giao
din ca mt ng dng m thi.
o H iu hnh di ng phi c kh nng hot ng lin tc khng ngng ngh m bo lin lc, m bo kt ni ca thit b ti mng khng dy cn kt
ni trong khi vn di chuyn. V th cn c thit k c bit hn so vi h
iu hnh trn desktop.
2) So snh h iu hnh android vi cc h iu hnh di ng khc.
Ging nhau : u l h iu hnh di ng nn mang y bn cht ca h iu
hnh di ng ni chung. ( cp trn)
Khc nhau :
o Android l h iu hnh m ngun m v min ph trong khi cc h iu hnh di ng cn li u l ngun ng v c ph (khi mt hng th hai s
dng)
o Android c pht trin t nhn linux do n c th chy tt trn nhiu dng in thoi khc nhau. C tng thch cao vi cc loi phn cng
khc nhau nhiu hn so vi cc h iu hnh di ng cn li.
o Cc ng dng chy trn android c vit bng Java trong khi , ng dng trn cc h iu hnh khc ch yu l vit bng C/C++/Object C. Ngay c symbian c h tr Java th
cng khc so vi android, trong khi h iu hnh android s dng my o Java l Dalvik
VM do chnh Google pht trin th Symbian li s dng my o Java l J2ME ca Sun.
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CHNG 3. THIT K V XY DNG CHNG TRNH
3.1 Phn tch chc nng Vi yu cu gii thiu, demo cho h thng qun l tp tin trn android, chng trnh chng
em xy dng s c cc chc nng nh sau :
1) Hin th mt list bao gm cc file trong mt th mc. Khi ngi dng chn 1 file
trong :
a. Nu file l file bao hm (th mc) th chuyn list hin th danh sch
file trong th mc .
b. Nu file l file thng thng th m file bng chng trnh thch
hp chng hn nh file hnh nh th m chng trnh xem nh, file nhc th
m chng trnh chi nhc...
2) Ci t mt menu cho php ngi dng chn cc chc nng nh sau :
Properties : Xem v sa cha thuc tnh ca file Delete : Xa file Copy : t file chun b sao chp Cut : t file chun b di chuyn sang ni khc Paste : Thc hin lnh sao chp hoc di chuyn file t trc . Rename : i tn file Create new directory : To th mc mi (ti th mc hin hnh) Refresh : Cp nht li danh sch file Go home : Tr v th mc gc (/) Go up : Tr ln th mc cha (C th dng phm back trn in thoi
thc hin nhanh lnh ny) Exit : Thot chng trnh About : Xem gii thiu
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Android Explorer
Hin th danh sch file
To th mc
Sao chp file
Di chuyn file
i tn file
Xa file
i quyn hn trn file Xem thuc tnh
M file bng chng trnh
lin kt i th mc
hin hnh
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3.2 Xy dng chc nng 1) To danh sch file trong mt th mc
2) M chng trnh lin kt
Bt u Ly danh sch file trong th mc
Cn file cha x l
Ly 1 file cha x l
Da vo kiu file v phn m rng ca file t biu tng thch hp Kt thc
Hin th ng
Sai
Bt u
Kt thc
Ly chui nh kiu lin kt vi file
To i tng Itent. Chun b cc tham s bao gm kiu activity, hnh ng, d liu truyn vo
Khi ng activity
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3) Xem v sa thuc tnh ca file
a. Xem thuc tnh file
b. i thuc tnh file
ng
ng
Bt u
Kt thc
Thc thi lnh ls
InputStream v ErrorStream cha sn sng
Ch i
Sai
Bo li
Sai
c inputstream
Tch thng tin
Hin th kt qu
InputStream sn sng
ng
Bt u
Kt thc
Thc thi lnh chmod
InputStream v ErrorStream cha sn sng
Ch i
Sai
Sai
Bo li
ng ErrorStream sn sng
Nhn yu cu
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4) Xa file
5) Sao chp file
Sai
ng
Sai
Bt u:
Kt thc
Cn file trong danh sch
Copy file ti ch
File cn xa l file bao hm
To danh sch file
File hin ti l file bao hm
copy file hin ti ti ch
ng
Sai
ng
To file ch bao hm
Bt u:
Kt thc
Cn file trong danh sch
Xa file cn xa
File cn xa l file bao hm
To danh sch file
File hin ti l file bao hm
Xa file hin ti
ng
ng
Sai
ng Sai
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6) Di chuyn file v i tn file
Hai chc nng ny java h tr kh tt ri, nn khng xy dng li na, s dng phng
thc rename t File f1 sang File f2. Nu f1 v f2 cng chung th mc th l chc nng rename,
nu khc th mc th l phng thc di chuyn file.
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CHNG 4. TRIN KHAI V NH GI KT QU
4.1 Mi trng trin khai. Chng trnh c thc hin trn :
H iu hnh Microsoft Window 7
IDE : Eclipse Helios & ADT Plugin
Android SDK, Plasform Android 2.2, API 8, revision 2
4.2 Kt qu chc nng ca chng trnh Sau y l kt qu demo chy chng trnh :
Giao din chnh, xem danh sch file. Hin th menu...
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Xem menu n. Chn menu more hin th
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Xem hnh nh khi m file c ui jpg, jpe, bmp...
Chi nhc khi m file mp3
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Khung thuc tnh ca file khi chn 1 file v chn menu Properties
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Khung thuc tnh th mc khi chn 1 th mc v chn menu Properties
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Thay i quyn hn ca file khi bm button Change permission t hp thoi properties
i tn file khi chn file v chn chc nn rename t menu
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Chn lnh xa file t menu
To th mc mi
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Hp thoi copy file khi yu cu copy file
Hp thoi gii thiu.
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4.3 nh gi v nhn xt Android l mt h iu hnh di ng hin i, c tim nng pht trin cao. Hin nay s
dng rng ri nhiu hng in thoi v thc s tr thnh mt tp on in thoi mnh m
khi cnh tranh vi nhng dng in thoi khc nh iPhone, Window Phone, Sysbian..
Android c ngun gc t nhn Linux nn c tha hng nhng c tnh qu bu ca
linux, nht l v bo mt v hiu nng hot ng cao. Khng nhng th, t nhn linux c
ti u, ci thin ph hp vi h thng in thoi nn n c kh nng ty bin, tng thch cao
vi nhiu mu in thoi ca nhiu hng khc nhau.
H iu hnh android c tch hp nhiu cng ngh hin i, h tr phn cng tt, lin
tc c cp nht nhng phin bn mi hn, hot ng tt hn. C nhiu API hu ch cho cc nh
pht trin phn mm, nh pht trin ROM c th xy dng nn nhiu ng dng, h thng khc
nhau.
Android l h iu hnh a nhim mt ngi dng. Tnh a nhim cho php cng mt thi
gian, ngi dng c th chy c nhiu nhiu ng dng lm c nhiu vic khc nhau. Tuy
nhin, mi ng dng trn android th ch c php chy vi mt thc th m thi.
H thng qun l tp tin trong android l c pht trin t linux nn c nhiu c im
ging vi h thng qun l tp tin trn linux. l nhng c im v quy tc t tn file, ng
dn th mc, h thng cy th mc, nhng th mc c trng, h thng quyn hn ca file i vi
ngi/ nhm s dng trn h thng. Cng ging nh linux, trn android c th thc thi nhiu lnh
lin quan n h thng file nh chmod, chown, chgrp... chnh sa thuc tnh, h thng quyn
hn trn file.
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CHNG 5. KT LUN V HNG PHT TRIN 5.1 Kt lun
Nhng kt qu t c
Biu din c h thng file trn android. Xem c cu trc ca cy th mc
mt cch trc quan. S dng chng trnh c th ni l d dng v danh sch th
mc d nhn, menu chn c xy dng sn.
Xy c nhiu chc nng thao tc vi file nh xem v chnh sa quyn hn
file, sao chp, di chuyn, i tn, xa file.
Lin kt file vi chng trnh ci t, iu cho php m file nhc, video,
hnh nh vi chng trnh c trong my.
Nhng mt hn ch
Chng trnh c xy dng trn emulator m phng ch cha thc s chy
trn phn cng tht.
Cng v ch chy trn emulator nn chc nng chnh sa quyn hn thc hin
cha c tt do khng ng nhp bng ti khon tht.
5.2 Hng pht trin
Xy dng nhiu chc nng tch hp hn x l file
Xy dng ng dng c ty bin hn v giao din, chc nng thc hin
Chy c tht trn emulator c kt qu thc t hn.
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TI LIU THAM KHO [1] Trn H Thy Tin. Gio trnh nguyn l h iu hnh. i hc Bch khoa Nng,
2009.
[2] Mark L. Murphy. The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development. CommonsWare, LLC
[3] Mark L. Murphy. Beginning Android Apress
[4] Sayed Y. Hashimi v Satya Komatineni Pro Android Appress
[5] Trang pht trin android http://developer.android.com/