DeAnza College: ES 76 Energy Reliability and Your Organization Energy Auditing Skills

April, 2002 Energy Audits 1

April, 2002

Ryan Stroupe, Pacific Energy Center

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DeAnza College: ES 76Energy Reliability and Your Organization

Energy Auditing Skills


• Overview of energy audits

• Billing analysis

• Reviewing plans, specifications, submittals

• Preparing for the site visit

• Retrofit cost analysis

• Developing a baselining plan

• Discussion of field measurement

Agenda


• Identify energy savings potential– improve efficiency– conservation

• Improve building performance

• Address comfort problems

• Pursue utility incentives

• Prepare for commissioning

Why perform an audit?


• Analysis– Billing data

– Building documentation and drawings

• Facility walk through– During typical operation

– After hours

• Final Report– Recommended Energy Conservation Measures

– Energy/$ savings analysis

– Other facility improvements

Components of an Energy Audit


• Preliminary/Walk though audit

• Detailed/Investment-Grade audit

• Focused audit (process loads)

• Commissioning

Types of Energy Assessments


Preliminary Energy Audit• Intention: identify in rough terms, cost-effective retrofits• Focus: standard retrofit technologies• Walk-though, Quick• Cost $0.01 to $ 0.05/sf.• Minimal instrumentation required• Reporting

– Recommended ECMs

– Some cost analysis (simple pay-back)

• No computer simulation


• Intention: develop complete energy assessment• Focus: thorough assessment of facility costs and operation• Will require multiple site visits• Cost $0.10 to $ 0.30/sf.• Advanced tools required• Reporting

– Recommended ECMs – Estimates of energy savings, installation costs…(life-cycle

analysis)

– M&V plan

• Computer simulation

Detailed Energy Audit


Commissioning is done to “verify and ensure that buildingelements and systems are designed, installed, and calibrated to operate as intended.” (LEED definition)

Building Commissioning

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Design Construction Call-backs Utility Costs

w/o Cx

w/ Cx

Overall Cost Reductions from Cx

Data from”What Building Owners Should Know About Building Commissioning”, Wolpert & Deall,


Why Commissioning?• Assures building are fully functional at completion of construction

• Limits building performance problems

• Complexity and specialization of modern buildings require Cx

• Limits change orders and increased costs during construction

• Limits occupant comfort complaints

• Provides complete documentation of building project produced

• Energy savings realized

• Equipment realizes a longer life

• Incentives may be available

• Encourages an integrated design approach

• Introduces owner advocate/neutral party

Building Commissioning


• Document design intent

• Assist with specifications for bid documents

• Develop Commissioning plan

• Develop pre-functional and functional test procedures for all equipment

• Oversee testing (at post-occupancy not just post-construction)

• Review training and manuals for operations & maintenance staff

• Provide a complete final commissioning report

The Commissioning Process


Billing Data AnalysisMonthly electrical usage

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

July-93 January-94 July-94 January-95 July-95 January-96 July-96 January-97 July-97 January-98 July-98 January-99 July-99

av

g.

kW

h/d

ay


• Flat rate (fixed $/kWh) • Time of use rates

– Rates ($/kWh) vary by demand periods– PG&E rates: A6, E7

• Demand rates– $/kWh– $/kW– Power factor adjustment– Rates may vary by demand periods– PG&E rates: A10, E19, E20

• Real time pricing– $/kWh rate changes based on real cost of generation– PG&E rates: Experimental A-RTP

Types of Electric Utility RatesFor all rates go to:

http://www.pge.com/customer_services/business/tariffs/


E-20S Rate

Documents

DeAnza College: ES 76 Energy Reliability and Your Organization Energy Auditing Skills