To: Responders to Informal Survey Concerning “Humanist Reflections on Technology”

From: George Smith, Polytechnic University (Brooklyn, NY)

Date: February 28, 2005

Re: Composite Survey Results

I. Reminder of the Survey Questions

Respondents were invited to make recommendations as to:

(1) One or more works, written within the past 500 years, which provide a powerful humanist reflection on technology. They might be cautionary/critical in spirit, but might also be techno-utopian (and indeed, might even be relatively neutral explorations). They can be either nonfiction or fiction, but if fiction, they should provide a sustained and overt treatment of technology, not just a passing or oblique reference. They should be reasonably accessible to an intelligent layperson, i.e., not require deep familiarity with an academic specialty. The crux is that they offer a powerful, sustained, and instructive reflection on human use of technology.

(2) One or more current works (meaning in the past 10 years) which fit the same description. Again, either nonfiction or fiction. But especially the former, and especially works that show awareness of areas currently advancing very rapidly: nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive neuroscience. Again, the crux is not technology per se, but humanist reflection on technology.

(3) Films which fit the above description.

Please Note: In tabulating the composite results, I decided to depart somewhat from the above framework. I will be grouping together as “current” works not just those from the past 10 years, but any from 1980 onward. The year 1980 did not jump out as some sort of annum mirabilis.1 Rather, I found that wherever I tried to draw the “current” boundary, some odd juxtapositions appeared on either side of the line. Subjectively, drawing the line at 1980 seemed to minimize these odd juxtapositions.2 In any case, I’ve included dates of individual works (most but not all of which have been double-checked), so the precise vintage of any particular work should be evident.

II. Short Lists (works cited at least twice)1 Cf. Philip Larkin’s “Annus Mirabilis.” Conceivably, “current” began in 1963?2 Also, I may have been feeling some pressure to ensure 1984 ended up no older than “current.”

1

A. Works from Last 500 Years (to 1980)

Work Date VotesHuxley, Aldous. Brave New World 1932 15Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology 1977 10Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein 1818 9Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization 1934 6Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society 1954 5Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America

1964 5

McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man 1962 4Miller, Walter. A Canticle for Leibowitz 1959 4Thoreau, Henry David. Walden 1854 4Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 1935 3Capek, Karel. RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) 1921 3Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring 1962 3Marcuse, Herbert. One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society

1964 3

McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 1964 3Mumford, Lewis. [no specific work] 3Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams 1918 2Bronowski, Jacob. Science and Human Values 1965 2Bush, Vannevar. As We May Think 1945 2DeFoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe 1719 2Dickens, Charles. Hard Times 1854 2Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence 1972 2Giedion, Siegfried. Mechanization Takes Command 1948 2Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time 1927 2Jonas, Hans. The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age

1979 2

La Mettrie, Julien Offray. L'Homme Machine (Man a Machine) 1748 2Orwell, George. 1984 1949 2Pirsig, Robert. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values 1974 2Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow 1973 2Skinner, B.F. Walden Two 1948 2Snow, C.P. The Two Cultures 1959 2Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels 1726 2Weiner, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society 1954 2Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason 1976 2Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought

1977 2

In addition, the following five authors were cited at least twice, but for varying works:

Bacon, Francis Illich, Ivan Wells, H.G.Descartes, Rene Marx, KarlB. Works from 1980 to Present

2

Work Date VotesDiamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel 1997 4Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics

1999 4

Kidder, Tracy. The Soul of a New Machine 1981 4Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology 1992 4Birkerts, The Guttenberg Elegies 1994 3McKibbin, Bill. The End of Nature 1989 3Mitcham, Carl. Thinking Through Technology:The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy

1994 3

Powers, Richard. Galatea 2.2 1995 3Winner, Langdon. The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology

1986 3

Achterhuis, Hans, Ed. (tr. Robert Crease). American Philosophy of Technology: The Empirical Turn

2001 2

Bolter, J. and Grusin, R. Remediation: Understanding New Media 1999 2DeLillo, Don. White Noise 1985 2Drexler, Eric. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology 1986 2Fukuyama, F. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnological Revolution

2002 2

Gibson, William Pattern Recognition 2002 2Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature 1991 2Ihde, Don. Bodies in Technology 2001 2Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 1983 2Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace 1999 2Misa, Thomas. Leonardo to the Internet:Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the Present

2004 2

Nye, David. American Technological Sublime 1994 2Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word 1982 2Robinson, Kim Stanley. Blue Mars 1996 2Robinson, Kim Stanley. Green Mars 1994 2Robinson, Kim Stanley. Red Mars 1993 2Stephenson, Neal. The Cryptonomicon 1999 2Tenner, Edward. Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences

1996 2

Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet 1995 2Williams, Rosalind. Retooling 2003 2Wood, Gaby. Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life 2000 2

In addition, the following 11 authors were cited at least twice, but for varying works:

Baker, Nicholson Hughes, Thomas Searle, JohnDreyfus, Hubert Kramer, Mark Wilson, E.O.Feenberg, Andrew Petroski, Henry Zimmerman, MichaelHabermas, Jurgen Preston, Richard

C. Films

3

Film Date VotesMetropolis (Lang, F.) 1927 8Blade Runner (Scott, R.) 1982 7Matrix, The (Wachowski, A. & Wachowski, L.) 1999 5Modern Times (Chaplin, C.) 1936 5Gattaca (Niccol, A.) 1997 4Terminator (Cameron, J.) 1984 4Dr. Strangelove (Kubrick, S.) 1964 32001: A Space Odyssey (Kubrick, S.) 1968 2AI (Spielberg, S.) 2001 2Alphaville (Godard, J.) 1965 2eXistenZ (Cronenberg, D.) 1999 2Koyaanisqatsi (Reggio, G.) 1983 2

4

III. Survey Method/Limitations

The survey was carried out in January-February, 2005. The composite results reflect the individual views of 96 faculty members from approximately 80 different United States universities. Total number of recommendations received: 546. Total number of separate works recommended: 385.

How is the survey limited/arbitrary? Let me count the ways:

(1) I began by limiting myself to the approximately 250 US universities within two categories of the Carnegie Classification3 system: Doctoral/Research Universities—Extensive, and Doctoral/Research Universities—Intensive. Although these categories capture most of the well-known US universities, there are thousands of additional fine institutions—both in the US and worldwide—that might have been targeted.

(2) Within a given university, I generally limited myself to a Philosophy department faculty member, and an English department faculty member (typically, the department heads). The idea was to reach for a relatively “analytic” humanities perspective, as well as a relatively “imaginative” humanities perspective. But think of how many other humanities perspectives—e.g., that of historians—might have been usefully tapped.

(3) In the case of some universities, I would add one or more additional faculty names to the contact list, if they seemed to have relevant academic interests/expertise. Whether or not this occurred depended largely on “technological fate,” i.e., whether or not online information on faculty interests happened to be easily accessible and searchable.

(4) After taking into account invalid addresses, faculty on sabbatical, etc., I ended up with approximately 530 potential respondents. Of these, 96 responded to the survey.

These limitations make clear that any notion of “completeness” is out of the question, and any notion of “consensus” would have to be hedged with multiple asterisks. Does Surowiecki’s case for collective intelligence4 apply at all to complex judgments of this sort? Even if it does, do I have enough individual judgments, and are they ones with the requisite diversity and independence?

Nevertheless, I think the survey captures a sizable amount of informed judgment—i.e., the collective views of a group of people who (i) have read much more (and more carefully) than average, and (ii) are arguably more likely to base judgments on substance than on reputation. My own conclusion: Were I to somehow end up Crusoe-like on a desolate island, with all of these works and a supply of food, I’m afraid that when they came to rescue me ten years later I’d still be immersed in the works, and for better or worse would not have advanced the cause of technological civilization one iota.

3 The 2000 edition, which is now being revised.4 Surowiecki, James. The Wisdom of Crowds: Why the Many Are Smarter Than the Few and How Collective Wisdom Shapes Business, Economies, Societies and Nations (Doubleday, 2004).

5

IV. Complete Lists

(1) Works from Last 500 Years (to 1980) Date Votes

Abbey, Edward. The Monkey Wrench Gang 1975 1Adams, Henry. The Education of Henry Adams 1918 2Anderson, Sherwood. Poor White 1920 1Arendt, Hannah. The Human Condition 1958 1Arnold, Matthew. Literature and Science 1882 1Asimov, Isaac. I, Robot 1950 1Bacon, Francis [no specific work] 1Bacon, Francis. The New Atlantis 1627 1Baudelaire, Charles. Fleurs du Mal 1868 1Benford, Gregory Benford. In the Ocean of Night 1972 1Benjamin, Walter. The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction 1935 3Braverman, Harry. Labor and Monopoly Capital 1974 1Bronowski, Jacob. Science and Human Values 1965 2Burgess, Anthony. A Clockwork Orange 1962 1Burke, James. Connections 1978 1Bush, Vannevar. As We May Think 1945 2Bush, Vannevar. Science:The Endless Frontier 1945 1Butler, Samuel. Erewhon 1872 1Callenbach, Ernest. Ecotopia 1975 1Capek, Karel. RUR (Rossum's Universal Robots) 1921 3Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring 1962 3Cavendish, Margaret. The Description of a New World, Called the Blazing World 1666 1DeFoe, Daniel. Robinson Crusoe 1719 2Descartes, Rene. Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and Of Seeking Truth in the Sciences

1637 1

Descartes, Rene. Meditations on First Philosophy 1641 1Dewey, John. Human Nature and Conduct 1922 1Dick, Philip. Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? 1968 1Dickens, Charles. Dombey and Son 1847 1Dickens, Charles. Hard Times 1854 2Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Can't Do: The Limits of Artificial Intelligence 1972 2Ellul, Jacques. The Technological Society 1954 5Flaubert, Gustave. Madame Bovary 1857 1Forster, E.M. The Machine Stops 1909 1Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison 1975 1Galileo Galilei. Starry Messenger 1610 1Giedion, Siegfried. Mechanization Takes Command 1948 2Gillispie, Charles. The Edge of Objectivity 1960 1Heidegger, Martin [no specific work] 1Heidegger, Martin. Being and Time 1927 2Heidegger, Martin. Poetry, Language, Thought. 1976 1Heidegger, Martin. The Question Concerning Technology 1977 10Hobbes, Thomas. The Leviathan 1651 1Hofstadter, Douglas. Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden Braid 1979 1

6

Horkheimer, M. & Adorno, T. Dialectic of Enlightenment (tr. J. Cumming) 1973 1Huxley, Aldous [no specific work] 1Huxley, Aldous. Brave New World 1932 15Huxley, Thomas. Science and Culture 1880 1Illich, Ivan. Celebration of Awareness: A Call for Institutional Revolution 1970 1Illich, Ivan. Tools for Conviviality 1973 1Jonas, Hans. The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of Ethics for the Technological Age

1979 2

Jonas, Hans. Towards a Philosophy of Technology 1979 1Kasson, John. Civilizing the Machine: Technology and Republican Values in America, 1776-1900

1976 1

La Mettrie, Julien Offray. L'Homme Machine (Man a Machine) 1748 2Lawrence, D. H. Women in Love 1920 1Leibniz, Gottfried. The Monadology 1714 1Leopold, Aldo [no specific work] 1Mander, Jerry. Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television 1977 1Marcuse, Herbert. One Dimensional Man: Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society

1964 3

Marvell, Andrew. The Rehearsal Transpros'd 1672 1Marx, Karl. Das Kapital (Vol. I) 1867 1Marx, Karl. Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts 1844 1Marx, Karl. Wage Labor and Capital 1849 1Marx, Leo. The Machine in the Garden: Technology and the Pastoral Ideal in America

1964 5

McLuhan, Marshall. The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man 1962 4McLuhan, Marshall. Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man 1964 3Melville, Herman. Moby Dick 1851 1Miller, Walter. A Canticle for Leibowitz 1959 4Milton, John. Paradise Lost 1667 1Montaigne, Michel. Essays 1575 1More, Thomas. Utopia 1516 1Mumford, Lewis. The Myth of the Machine: Vol. 1--Technics and Human Development

1967 1

Mumford, Lewis. The Myth of the Machine: Vol. 2--The Pentagon of Power 1970 1Mumford, Lewis. [no specific work] 3Mumford, Lewis. Art and Technics 1952 1Mumford, Lewis. Technics and Civilization 1934 6Newton, Isaac. Opticks 1704 1O'Neill, Eugene. Dynamo 1928 1Ong, Walter. Rhetoric, Romance, and Technology 1971 1Ophuls, William. Ecology and the Politics of Scarcity 1977 1Orwell, George [no specific work] 1Orwell, George. 1984 1949 2Pacey, Arnold. The Maze of Ingenuity: Ideas and Idealism in the Development of Technology

1976 1

Perrin, Noel. Giving Up the Gun: Japan's Reversion to the Sword 1543-1879 1979 1Pirsig, Robert. Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values

1974 2

Pynchon, Thomas. Gravity's Rainbow 1973 2

7

Rice, Elmer. The Adding Machine 1923 1Rousseau, Jean-Jacque. Discourse on the Sciences and the Arts 1750 1Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein 1818 9Shepherd, Paul. The Tender Carnivore and the Sacred Game 1973 1Sinclair, Upton. The Jungle. 1906 1Skinner, B.F. Walden Two 1948 2Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations 1776 1Snow, C.P. The Two Cultures 1959 2Stoker, Bram. Dracula 1897 1Swift, Jonathan. Gulliver's Travels 1726 2Thoreau, Henry David. Walden 1854 4Treadwell, Sophie. Machinal 1928 1Twain, Mark. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court 1889 1Veblen, Thorsten. The Instinct of Workmanship and the State of the Industrial Arts 1914 1Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Jean-Marie. The New Eve 1886 1Weiner, Norbert. Cybernetics 1948 1Weiner, Norbert. God and Golem, Inc. 1964 1Weiner, Norbert. The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society 1954 2Weizenbaum, Joseph. Computer Power and Human Reason 1976 2Wells, H.G. The Island of Doctor Moreau 1896 1Wells, H.G. The Shape of Things to Come 1936 1Wells, H.G. The Time Machine 1895 1Wells, H.G. The War of the Worlds 1898 1White, Lynn [no specific work] 1Williams, Raymond. The Country and the City 1973 1Williamson, Jack. The Humanoids 1948 1Winn, Marie. The Plug-In Drug: Television, Children, and the Family 1977 1Winner, Langdon. Autonomous Technology: Technics-Out-of-Control as a Theme in Political Thought

1977 2

Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff 1979 1Wordsworth, William. Preface to Lyrical Ballads 1798 1Zamyatin, Evgeny. We 1924 1Zola, Emile. Germinal 1885 1

(2) Works from 1980 to the Present

Achterhuis, Hans, Ed. (tr. Robert Crease). American Philosophy of Technology: The Empirical Turn

2001 2

Ambrose, Stephen. Nothing Like It In The World: The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad 1863-1869

2000 1

Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale 1986 1Baird, D., Nordmann, A. & Schummer, J. (eds.). Discovering the Nanoscale 2004 1Baker, Nicholson. Double Fold: Libraries and the Assault on Paper 2001 1Baker, Nicholson. The Mezzanine 1990 1Baker, Nicholson. The Size of Thoughts 1996 1Barber, Elizabeth. Women's Work: the First 20,000 Years 1994 1Barber, J. & Grigar, D. New Worlds, New Words: Exploring Pathways In and About Electronic Environments

2001 1

8

Barney, Darin. Prometheus Wired: The Hope for Democracy in the Age of Network Technology

2000 1

Birkerts, The Guttenberg Elegies 1994 3Bolter, J. and Grusin, R. Remediation: Understanding New Media 1999 2Borgmann, Albert. Technology and the Character of Contemporary Life 1984 1Bottles, Scott. Los Angeles and the Automobile: The Making of the Modern City 1987 1Brand, Stewart. How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built 1994 1Brands, H.W. The Age of Gold: The California Gold Rush and the New American Dream

2002 1

Brown, John & Duguid, Paul. The Social Life of Information 2000 1Brummett, Barry. Rhetoric of Machine Aesthetics 1999 1Caldicott, Helen. The New Nuclear Danger: George W. Bush's Military-Industrial Complex

2002 1

Chiles, James. Inviting Disaster: Lessons from the Edge of Technology 2002 1Chrichton, Michael. Prey 2002 1Cockburn, Alexander et al. Five Days That Shook the World: The Battle for Seattle and Beyond

2001 1

Coleman, Mark. Playback: From the Victrola to Mp3, 100 Years of Music, Machines, and Money

2004 1

Comstock, Gary. Vexing Nature: On the Ethical Case Against Agricultural Biotechnology

2000 1

Cronon, William. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West 1991 1Davidson, Aidan. Technology and the Contested Meanings of Sustainability 2001 1Davis, Michael. Thinking like an Engineer 1998 1Davis, Mike. Ecology of Fear: Los Angeles and the Imagination of Disaster 1999 1DeLillo, Don. White Noise 1985 2Diamond, Jared [no specific work] 1Diamond, Jared. Collapse 2005 1Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel 1997 4Dillard, Annie [no specific work] 1Doyle, Richard. Wetwares: Experiments in Postvital Living 2003 1Drexler, Eric. Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology 1986 2Dreyfus, Hubert. On the Internet 2001 1Dreyfus, Hubert. What Computers Still Can't Do 1992 1Drucker, Johanna. The Alphabetic Labyrinth: The Letters in History and Imagination

1995 1

Durbin, Paul. Social Responsibility in Science, Technology, and Medicine 1992 1Eisenstein, Elizabeth. The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe 1993 1Elliott, Carl. Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream 2003 1Evan, William, and Manion, Mark. Minding the Machines: Preventing Technological Disasters

2002 1

Feenberg, A. & Hannay, A. (Eds). Technology and the Politics of Knowledge 1995 1Feenberg, Andrew [no specific work] 1Ferre, Frederick. Philosophy of Technology 1988 1Flusser, Vilem. Towards a Philosophy of Photography 1983 1Fogg, B. J. Persuasive Technology: Using Computers to Change What We Think and Do

2002 1

Fox, Nicols. Against the Machine: The Hidden Luddite Tradition in Literature, Art, and Individual Lives

2002 1

9

Frankin, Ursula The Real World of Technology 1999 1Franklin, Jon. The Molecules of the Mind 1987 1Fukuyama, F. Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnological Revolution

2002 2

Gibson, William [no specific work] 1Gibson, William Count Zero 1986 1Gibson, William Idoru 1996 1Gibson, William Pattern Recognition 2002 2Gibson, William. Neuromancer 1984 1Gibson, William. Virtual Light 1993 1Glassner, Barry. The Culture of Fear: Why Americans Are Afraid of the Wrong Things

1999 1

Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science 1987 1Goonan, Kathleen. Light Music 2002 1Gould, Stephen J. Crossing Over: Where Art and Science Meet 2000 1Graham, Gordon. The Internet: A Philosophical Inquiry 1999 1Habermas, Jurgen [no specific work] 1Habermas, Jurgen. The Future of Human Nature 2003 1Haraway, Donna [no specific work]Haraway, Donna. Simians, Cyborgs, and Women: The Reinvention of Nature 1991 2Hardison, O.B. Disappearing Through the Skylight: Culture and Technology in the Twentieth Century

1989 1

Harrison, Tony. Prometheus 1998 1Hawken, P., Lovins, A. & L. Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next Industrial Revolution

2000 1

Hayles, N. Katherine. How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics

1999 4

Hayles, N. Katherine. Writing Machines 2002 1Hickman, Larry. Philosophical Tools for Technological Culture: Putting Pragmatism to Work

2001 1

Higgs, Eric, et al, eds. Technology and the Good Life? 2000 1Hughes, Thomas P. Human-Built World: How to Think about Technology and Culture

2004 1

Hughes, Thomas P. [no specific work] 1Ignatieff, Michael. Virtual War: Kosovo and Beyond 2001 1Ihde, Don. Bodies in Technology 2001 2Jameson, Fredric. The Cultural Turn: Selected Writings on the Postmodern 1983-1998

1998 1

Joyce, Michael. Of Two Minds: Hypertext Pedagogy and Poetics 1995 1Kaczynski, Theodore. Industrial Society & Its Future (Unabomber's Manifesto) 1995 1Kaku, Michio. Visions: How Science Will Revolutionize the 21st Century 1997 1Kaplan, David (ed). Readings in the Philosophy of Technology 2004 1Kass, Leon. Toward a More Natural Science 1985 1Kenner, Hugh. The Mechanic Muse 1987 1Kern, Stephen. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 1983 2Kidder, Tracy. The Soul of a New Machine 1981 4Kittler, Friedrich. Discourse Networks 1800/1900 1990 1Kramer, Mark. Invasive Procedures 1983 1Kramer, Mark. Three Farms: Making Milk, Meat, and Money from the American 1980 1

10

Soil Kress, Nancy. Beggars in Spain 1993 1Kurzweil, Ray. The Age of Spiritual Machines:When Computers Exceed Human Intelligence

1999 1

Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought

1999 1

Laskin, David. The Children's Blizzard 2004 1Lepore, Jill. A Is For American: Letters and Other Characters in the Newly United States

2002 1

Lessig, Lawrence. Code and Other Laws of Cyberspace 1999 2Levy, David. Scrolling Forward: Making Sense of Documents in the Digital Age 2001 1Lewis, E.E. Masterworks of Technology: The Story of Creative Engineering, Architecture, and Design

2004 1

Light, A. and Katz, E. Environmental Pragmatism (Environmental Philosophies) 1995 1Lock, Margaret. Twice Dead: Organ Transplants and the Reinvention of Death 2001 1Maines, Rachel. Technology of Orgasm: "Hysteria," the Vibrator, and Women's Sexual Satisfaction

1999 1

Mander, Jerry. In the Absence of the Sacred: The Failure of Technology and the Survival of the Indian Nations

1991 1

Manovich, Lev. The Language of New Media 2001 1Marx, Leo. Information Technology in Historical Perspective [in Schon, Donald et al (eds.). High Technology and Low-income Communities]

1998 1

McCaffery, S. and Rasula, J. (eds). Imagining Language: An Anthology 1998 1McGann, Jerome. Radiant Textuality: Literature after the World Wide Web 2001 1McKibben, Bill. Enough 2003 1McKibbin, Bill. The End of Nature 1989 3Merchant, Carolyn. The Death of Nature: Women, Ecology, and the Scientific Revolution

1980 1

Michael, Mike. Reconnecting Culture, Technology and Nature: From Society to Heterogeneity

2000 1

Misa, Thomas. Leonardo to the Internet:Technology and Culture from the Renaissance to the Present

2004 2

Mitcham, C. & Mackay, R. (eds). Philosophy and Technology: Readings in the Philosophical Problems of Technology

1983 1

Mitcham, Carl. Thinking Through Technology:The Path Between Engineering and Philosophy

1994 3

Molella, Arthur. Inventing the History of Invention: Three Big Thinkers Who PlacedTechnology at the Heart of History

1988 1

Moore, Dinty. The Emperor's Virtual Clothes: The Naked Truth About Internet Culture

1995 1

Moravec, Hans. Robot: Mere Machine to Transcendent Mind 1999 1Murray, Janet H. Hamlet on the Holodeck: The Future of Narrative in Cyberspace 1997 1Nelson, Richard. The Island Within 1989 1Nelson, Ted. Literary Machines 1982 1Nelson, Victoria. The Secret Life of Puppets 2001 1Norman, Donald. The Design of Everyday Things 1990 1Nye, David. American Technological Sublime 1994 2Oberdiek, H. & Tiles, M. Living in a Technological Culture: Human Tools and 1995 1

11

Human IssuesO'Donnell, James J. Avatars of the Word: From Papyrus to Cyberspace 1998 1Ong, Walter. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word 1982 2Palahniuk, Chuck. Fight Club 1996 1Pearce, Joseph Chilton [no specific work] 1Petroski, Henry. The Book on the Bookshelf 1999 1Petroski, Henry. The Evolution of Useful Things 1994 1Petroski, Henry. The Pencil: a History of Design and Circumstance 1992 1Piercy, Marge. He, She and It 1991 1Pitt, Joseph. Thinking About Technology: Foundations of the Philosophy of Technology

2000 1

Pool, Robert. Beyond Engineering: How Society Shapes Technology 1999 1Postman, Neil [no specific work] 1Postman, Neil and Steve Powers. How To Watch TV News 1992 1Postman, Neil. Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business

1985 1

Postman, Neil. Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to Technology 1992 4Powers, Richard. Galatea 2.2 1995 3Preston, Richard. The Demon in the Freezer 2002 1Preston, Richard. The Hot Zone 1994 1Rhodes, N. & Sawday J. The Renaissance Computer: Knowledge Technology in the First Age of Print

2000 1

Rhodes, Richard. The Making of the Atomic Bomb 1986 1Rifkin, Jeremy. The Biotech Century: Harnessing the Gene and Remaking the World

1998 1

Robinson, Kim Stanley. Antarctica 1998 1Robinson, Kim Stanley. Blue Mars 1996 2Robinson, Kim Stanley. Green Mars 1994 2Robinson, Kim Stanley. Red Mars 1993 2Roche, Mark. Why Literature Matters 2004 1Rochlin, Gene. Trapped in the Net: The Unanticipated Consequences of Computerization

1997 1

Romanyshyn, Robert. Technology As Symptom and Dream 1989 1Rothenberg, David. Hand's End: Technology and the Limits of Nature 1993 1Sagan, Carl. Contact 1985 1Sarewitz, Daniel. Frontiers of Illusion: Science, Technology, and the Politics of Progress

1996 1

Sassower, Rafael. Technoscientific Angst 1997 1Scarce, R. Raid on Reykjavik 1990 1Scharff, R. & Dusek, V. (eds). Technology and the Human Condition: A Philosophy of Technology Reader

2002 1

Sclove, Richard E. Democracy and Technology 1995 1Searle, John [no specific work] 1Searle, John. Minds, Brains, and Science 1984 1Selber, Stuart. Multiliteracies for a Digital Age 2004 1Selfe, Cynthia. Technology and Literacy in the 21st Century: The Importance of Paying Attention

1999 1

Sellen, A. & Harper, R. The Myth of the Paperless Office 2001 1Seltzer, Mark. Bodies and Machines 1992 1

12

Shapin, S. and Schaffer, S. Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life

1989 1

Sherlock, R. & Morrey, J. (eds). Ethical Issues in Biotechnology 2001 1Smith, Martha Nell. Computing: What's American Literary Study Got to Do with IT?

2002 1

Smith, MR and Marx, L. Does Technology Drive History? The Dilemma of Technological Determinism

1994 1

Spretnak, Charlene. The Resurgence of the Real: Body, Nature, and Place in a Hypermodern World

1997 1

Stapleton, Darwin. The Short-lived Miracle of DDT 2000 1Stephenson, Neal. In the Beginning Was the Command Line 1999 1Stephenson, Neal. The Cryptonomicon 1999 2Stephenson, Neal. The Diamond Age 1995 1Sterling, Bruce. Schismatrix Plus 1996 1Stiegler, Bernard. Technics and Time 1: The Fault of Epimetheus 1998 1Stock, Gregory. Redesigning Humans: Our Inevitable Genetic Future 2002 1Tatum, Jesse. Muted Voices: The Recovery of Democracy in the Shaping of Technology

1999 1

Teich, Albert (ed). Technology and the Future (8th edition) 2000 1Tenner, Edward. Why Things Bite Back: Technology and the Revenge of Unintended Consequences

1996 2

Thompson, Paul. Spirit of the Soil: Agriculture and Environmental Ethics 1995 1Thurschwell, Pamela & Gillian Beer. Literature, Technology and Magical Thinking, 1880-1920

2001 1

Tichi, Cecelia. Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America

1987 1

Tufte, Edward. The Cognitive Style of PowerPoint 2003 1Turkle, Sherry [no specific work] 1Turkle, Sherry. Life on the Screen: Identity in the Age of the Internet 1995 2Ullman, Ellen. The Bug 2003 1Virilio, Paul. The Information Bomb 2000 1Wardrip-Fruin, N. & Montfort, N. (eds). The New Media Reader 2003 1Wasser, Frederick. Veni, Vidi, Video 2002 1Williams, Linda [no specific work] 1Williams, Rosalind. Retooling 2003 2Wilson, David and Bowen, Zack. Science and Literature: Bridging the Two Cultures

2001 1

Wilson, Edward O. [no specific work] 1Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life 2002 1Winner, Langdon. Do Artifacts Have Politics? [essay in above] 1986 1Winner, Langdon. The Whale and the Reactor: A Search for Limits in an Age of High Technology

1986 3

Winterson, Jeanette. The PowerBook 2000 1Wood, Gaby. Edison's Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life 2000 2Wright, Robert. Three Scientists and Their Gods: Looking for Meaning in an Age of Information

1988 1

Zimmerman, Michael. Contesting Earth's Future: Radical Ecology and Postmodernity

1994 1

Zimmerman, Michael. Heidegger's Confrontation with Modernity 1990 1

13

(3) Films

2001: A Space Odyssey (Kubrick, S.) 1968 2A Nous La Liberte (Clair, R.) 1931 1AI (Spielberg, S.) 2001 2Alphaville (Godard, J.) 1965 2Apollo 13 (Howard, R.) 1995 1Auto Focus (Schrader, P.) 2002 1Ballet Mecanique (Leger, F.) 1924 1Blade Runner (Scott, R.) 1982 7Brazil (Gilliam, T.) 1985 1Cast Away (Zemekis, R.) 2001 1China Syndrome, The (Bridges, J.) 1979 1Clockwork Orange, A (Kubrick, S.) 1971 1Contact (Zemekis, R.) 1997 1Crash (Cronenberg, D.) 1996 1Dead Ringers (Cronenberg, D.) 1988 1Dr. Strangelove (Kubrick, S.) 1964 3Emerald Forest (Boorman, J.) 1985 1eXistenZ (Cronenberg, D.) 1999 2Fight Club (Fincher, D.) 1999 1Fitzcarraldo (Herzog, W.) 1982 1Forbidden Planet (Wilcox, F.) 1956 1Gattaca (Niccol, A.) 1997 4I, Robot (Proyas, A.) 2004 1Island of Dr. Moreau (Taylor, D.; Frankenheimer, J.) 1977;

19961

Ister, The (Barison, D. & Ross, D.) 2004 1Jurassic Park (Spielberg, S.) 1993 1Koyaanisqatsi (Reggio, G.) 1983 2Lorax, The (Pratt, H.) 1972 1Lost in Translation (Coppola, S.) 2003 1Making Mr. Right (Seidelman, S.) 1987 1Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (Branagh, K.) 1994 1Matrix, The (Wachowski, A. & Wachowski, L.) 1999 5Matrix, The [series] 1Metropolis (Lang, F.) 1927 8Minority Report (Spielberg, S.) 2002 1Modern Times (Chaplin, C.) 1936 5Net, The (Winkler, I.) 1995 1Never Cry Wolf (Ballard, C.) 1983 1October Sky (Johnston, J.) 1999 1Peeping Tom (Powell, M.) 1960 1Pleasantville (Ross, G.) 1998 1Revolution OS (Moore, J.) 2001 1Ringu (Nakata, N.) 1998 1Ringu 2 (Nakata, N.) 1999 1

14

Road to Wellville (Parker, A.) 1994 1Soylent Green (Fleischer, R.) 1973 1Speaking Parts (Egoyan, A.) 1989 1Terminator (Cameron, J.) 1984 4Things to Come (Menzies, W.) 1936 1Time Machine, The (Pal. G.) 1960 1Tokyo Story (Ozu, Y.) 1953 1Trujman Show, The (Weir, P.) 1998 1Videodrome (Cronenberg, D.) 1983 1War Games (Badham, J.) 1983 1

(4) Additional Suggestions

a. Works more than 500 years oldAeschylus. Prometheus Bound 1Aristotle [no specific work] 1Hesiod. The Homeric Hymns and Homerica: Works and Days 1Plato. The Apology of Socrates 1Plato. The Republic 2Xenophon. Oeconomicus 1

b. Online resources"Literature and Theory of Technology/Media/Information" reading list at http://www.english.ucsb.edu/grad/handbook/reading-lists-11.asp

1

"The Classroom Electric: Dickinson, Whitman, and American Culture" at http://jefferson.village.virginia.edu/fdw/

1

Jerome McGann's essay, "The Rationale of Hypertext" at http://www.iath.virginia.edu/public/jjm2f/rationale.html

1

Jarom McDonald's "'Forces Wholly New' A Perspective from Late 19th Century Academia on the Rela-tionship between Poetry and Science": http://www.mith.umd.edu/courses/amvirtual/science/index.html

1

c. JournalsTechnology and Culture (history of technology journal) 1

d. OtherAnderson, Laurie. Videos: Home of the Brave; Collected Videos 1Grant, R. & Naylor, N. (writers) Red Dwarf TV series (BBC, 1988-99) 1Tansey, Mark (modern realist painter). His artworks 1Welles, Orson. 1938 radio broadcast of H.G. Wells' The War of the Worlds 1

15