Death and Changes

7/23/2019 Death and Changes

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LECTURE NOTES OF FORENSICSCIENCESEMESTER-V

B.SC,LL.B (HONS.)

By: Ms. Heena Goswami

Assistant Professor of Science &Technology

E-mail: [email protected]


2/34

Death and other chane!


3/34

!eath

"egal #e$nition: Blac%s law #ictionarymeans

' termination of life or en# of e(istence)

Astralian law:

' *ermanent termination of circlation in the

+o#y of *erson or *ermanent termination ofall fnctions of +rain)


4/34

Physicians conce*tion of #eath is:

' total sto**age of circlation with conse,ent en#ingof once ital fnctions)

Arti$cial res*iration

eesta+lishment of natral res*iration or circlation

May not retrn

/f arti$cial res*iration remoe#0 whether the #octorinole# in sch act can +e *nishe# n#er the

o1ence of cl*a+le homici#e not amonting to mr#eror at least if he +y sch ste* ma%e himself lia+le forcasing #eath of the *atient +y rash an# negligentact.


5/34

2once*t of #eath

2once*t of Brain #eath.

"iing ca#aers.

!eclaration of #eath an# moment of#eath is ery im*ortant legally.


6/34

Me#ico legal #e$nition of!eath !eath is *ermanent an# irreersi+le

termination of fnctions of the threeinterlin%e# ital systems of the +o#y

3eros system 2irclatory system

es*iratory system

4 Tri*o# of life5


7/34

6r#inary circmstances

7ait for 89-8 mins if any of thesesystems starts fnctioning.

Becase n#er no circmstance +rain

cells can maintain moleclar life formore than 89-8mins if they #o not geto(ygen s**ly.

Moment of #eath is e,ally im*ortantwith the *rogress in tissetrans*lantation science.


8/34

Ty*e of #eaths

Somatic #eath

Termination of tri*o# system

Moleclar #eath

!e to lac% of o(ygen s**ly0 in#ii#alcell or #i1erent tisses or organ #ie. This

#eath of in#ii#al cell in %nown ascelllar or moleclar #eath.


9/34

Brain #eath three ty*es

2ortical #eath

Brain-stream #eath

Both 2ortical an# Brain-stream #eath


10/34

Tests for con$rmation of +rain-stem#eath

/n coma for more than ;hrs or


11/34

3o s*ontaneos res*iration

3o e*ile*tic moements

All +rain stem re>e(es

Shol# +e a+sent


12/34

!iagnosis of +rain-stem#eath Esta+lishment of *ositie #iagnosis of

coma an# its cases

'irreme#ia+le0 strctral #amage of

+rain)Trying to reme#y it an# failing)

2orrection ?low +loo# *ressre

2orrection-Hy*o(ia emoal of +loo# clot


13/34

Brain- stem re>e(es

P*illary re>e(t 6*tic - 6cclomotor esti+lo-re>e( occlar - A#itory

- A+#cent 2orneal re>e( - Trigeminal - Cacial Gag re>e( - Glosso*haryngeal - ags !olls eye re>e( - A#itory - A+#cent


14/34

Brain ?stem #eath shall not +e consi#ere#in :

A+sence of coma

2hil# +elow yrs of age

2oma #e to #rgs0 hy*othermia0meta+olic #isor#ers an# shoc%


15/34

Trans*lantation of organsli%e:

"ier ? within 8 mintes

Di#ney 9-=9 mintes

Heart 8 hor


16/34

6ther ty*es of #eath

3atral #eath

S##en #eath


17/34

3atral #eath

3atral #iseases

Pathological con#itions

6l# age

!e+ility


18/34

S##en !eath

S##en #eaths are those which are not*rece#e# or are of only *rece#e# for ashort time of or with mor+i# sym*toms.

Me#ico ? legally

They raise a ss*icion of fol *lay.


19/34

2ases of S##en #eath

Fnnatral

iolence

Poisoning

2om+ination of +oth


20/34

2ar#ioasclar

2oronary #isease

2ongenital heart #iseases

allar heart #iseases

Hy*ertensie heart #iseases

/nfection

2ar#iac tam*ona#e


21/34

Plmonary em+olism

Haemo*tysis

/nfections

2hronic asthmatics

Ana*hyla(is

6+strction to air *assage

Re!"#rator$


22/34

/ntra cere+ral haemorrhage

S+ arachnoi# haemorrhage

2ere+ral throm+osis

Em+olism

/nfections

Tmor of +rain

C.N.S.


23/34

A+#ominal

Haemorrhage in the G./. tract

*tre of a+#ominal anerysm

"ier #iseases

Acte *ancreatic +lee#ing


24/34

Bacteriaemic shoc% Shoc% #e to fear or emotion Malaria S*ecial cases in chil#ren 2ot #eath or S/!S 2ongenital mental a+normalities

2onceale# *nctre won#.

M#!ce%%aneo&!


25/34

En#ocrinal A#renal haemorrhage !ia+etic coma

My(oe#emic an# *arathyroi# crisis /atrogenic A+se of #rgs

S##en with#rawal of steroi#s Anesthesia Mismatche# +loo# transfsion.


26/34

Ss*en#e# Animation

The con#ition where the *erson maya**ear to +e #ea# #e to the fact thatthe ital fnctions are at sch a low leel

as to +e minimm com*ati+le with life0The Ss*en#e# Animation A**arent #eath As a olntary Act 4 !eath Trance5 Hy*othermia0 !rowning0 new +orn0 elect

shoc% etc.


27/34

Mo#es of #eath

Manners of #eath

Mechanism of #eath

2ase of #eath


28/34

Mo#es of #eath

A+normal *hysiological state0 thate(iste# at the time of #eath

2oma

Synco*e As*hy(ia !e*en#ing *on the inolement of the

system an# irres*ectie of the remote

case of #eath.


29/34

2oma !eath

Cailre of fnctions +rain

!e to *aralysis of the ital centers

2om*ression of +rain #e to #iseases /nries to +rain

Poisoning to +rain-o*im0 alcohol etc

Meta+olic #isor#ers- Fraemia


30/34

' !eath #e to synco*e)

Cailre of the fnction of the heart

Anaemia of the +rain

!e to heart #isease

E(hasting #iseases

Poisons- !igitalis0 to+acco0 aconite etc.


31/34

' #eath #e to As*hy(ia)

Cailre of the fnction of lngs

Pathological con#itions- Pnemonia

Poisoning- 6*im

/rres*ira+le gases ? co0 co< etc.

Tramatic As*hy(ia- Stam*a#e

Mechanical interference *reention of air

entry to res*iratory trac%


32/34

' Ano(ia)

Ano(ic Ano(ia

Mechanical /nterference to the *assage ofair

2losre of the e(ternal res*iratory ori$ces Eg. Smothering

2losre of the air *assages +y e(ternal

*ressre on the nec% Eg. Hanging0 Stranglation

2losre +y im*action of foreign +o#yclosre +y >i#- !rowning.


33/34

Preention of normal moements of thechest

Pressre on the chest- stam*a#e0 fall of

mason etc /nry to chest wall- *enetrating inries

Poisoning- strychnine

Electric shoc% #e to +l+ar *alsy itiate# atmos*here.


34/34

The Manner of !eath)

/t is a #esign or fashion in which thecase of #eath came into +eing

/f #eath occrs from some #isease0 the

manner of #eath is I 3atral /f #eath occrs #e to iolence the

manner will +e nnatral or iolent

#eath0 may +e acci#ental0 sici#al orhomici#al0 it #e*en#s on circmstancesof the e*iso#e.

Documents

Death and Changes