DEBTS

•US high tariffs ((Hawley-Smoot Hawley-Smoot

Tariff)Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to not trade with US.

•US became “economic “economic

isolationist”.isolationist”.

•Because of this, Great Britain and France did not pay

back war debts to the US.

•GB and France defaulted on their debt because they had paid in blood.

•US high tariffs ((Hawley-Smoot Hawley-Smoot

Tariff)Tariff) caused Great Britain and France to not trade with US.

•US became “economic “economic

isolationist”.isolationist”.

•Because of this, Great Britain and France did not pay

back war debts to the US.

•GB and France defaulted on their debt because they had paid in blood.

US INVESTORS

WALL STREET BANKER

S

GERMANY

PRIVATE

LOANS

PRIVATE

LOANS

US TREASUR

Y

GREAT BRITAI

NFRANC

E

ALLIED

WAR

DEBT

PAYMENT

S

ALLIED

WAR

DEBT

PAYMENT

S

WAR DEBT

PAYMENTS

WAR DEBT

PAYMENTS“REPARATIO

NS”“REPARATIO

NS”

Dawes Plan

•Presented in 1924 by the committee headed by Charles G. Dawes to the Reparations Commission of the Allied nations. It was accepted the same year by Germany and the Allied Nations.

•The Dawes Committee was entrusted with finding a solution for the collection of the German reparations debt, set at almost $54 billion.

•Germany had been lagging in payment of this obligation and the Dawes Plan provided a repayment schedule over 4 years to the Allies. The Germans would continue to lag behind in payments.

Foreign Policy TensionsForeign Policy Tensions

InterventionisInterventionismm

DisarmameDisarmamentnt

• Collective Collective securitysecurity

• ““Wilsonianism”Wilsonianism”

• Business Business interestsinterests

• IsolationismIsolationism

• NativistsNativists

• Anti-War movementAnti-War movement

• Conservative Conservative RepublicansRepublicans

FDR’s “Good Neighbor” PolicyFDR’s “Good Neighbor” Policy

Important to have all nations in the Western Hemisphere united in lieu of foreign aggressions.

FDR The good neighbor respects himself and the rights of others.

Policy of non-intervention and cooperation.

LEND LEASE

•RENTING, LEASING, GIVING BRITAIN AND LATER SOVIET

UNION AND CHINA, MILITARY WEAPONS TO ARM THEM AGAINST

THE GERMANS AND JAPANESE…

•FDR’s FINAL ATTEMPT TO REMAIN NEUTRAL!

•USA BECOMES THE “ARSENAL OF DEMOCRACY”

Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillion

The amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000

Great Britain.........................$31 Great Britain.........................$31 billionbillionSoviet Union...........................$11 Soviet Union...........................$11 billionbillionFrance......................................$ 3 France......................................$ 3 billionbillionChina.......................................$1.5 China.......................................$1.5 billionbillionOther European.................$500 Other European.................$500 millionmillionSouth America...................$400 South America...................$400 millionmillion

The amount totaled: The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000$48,601,365,000

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941, “ US becomes the arsenal 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal

of democracy”of democracy”

U. S. Lend-Lease Act,U. S. Lend-Lease Act,1941, “ US becomes the arsenal 1941, “ US becomes the arsenal

of democracy”of democracy”

US offered Lend Lease as a last defense to stay out of war. It was given to Britain during the Battle of Britain in 1940, the Soviet Union after Hitler’s invasion in 1941 and China. The US became the “arsenal of democracy”.

lend lease

•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.

•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents

•1939: prohibited Americans from

traveling on ships of belligerent nations

•1935: prohibited arms shipments to all belligerent countries.

•1936: forbid loans to all belligerents

•1939: prohibited Americans from

traveling on ships of belligerent nations

Neutral

•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for

war…..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL

•FDR responds to Fascist aggression in Europe by protecting democracies and preparing the US for

war…..BUT TRYING TO REMAIN ISOLATED AND NEUTRAL

•Americans wanted to remain neutral.

•America First Committee: Committee to Defend America by

Aiding the Allies

•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating

England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our

Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?

Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%

•Americans wanted to remain neutral.

•America First Committee: Committee to Defend America by

Aiding the Allies

•Feb. 21, 1940:Feb. 21, 1940: If Germany is defeating

England & France, should the U.S. declare war on Germany and send our

Army and Navy to Europe to fight against Hitler?

Yes: 23% Yes: 23% No 77%No 77%

Neutral

Neutral

December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a

mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World

War?

Yes: 39%

No 42% No opinion 19%

December 16, 1940: Do you think it was a

mistake for the U.S. to enter the first World

War?

Yes: 39%

No 42% No opinion 19%

•FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the

Axis Powers.

•FDR believed American security

was seriously threatened and

believed the struggle was over

American democracy.

•FDR’s speech to Congress in Jan. 1941 describing the threat of the

Axis Powers.

•FDR believed American security

was seriously threatened and

believed the struggle was over

American democracy.

atlantic1

FIRST, freedom of speech and expression, everywhere in the world.

SECOND, freedom of every person to worship God in his own way,everywhere in

the world.

THIRD, freedom from want, which translated into world terms, economic and healthy peace time life, everywhere in the

world.

FOURTH, freedom from fear, worldwide reduction of armaments, everywhere in the

world.

Other things FDR stated:

•The world order is to seek cooperation of free countries, in a friendly civilized society.

•Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere.

Chapter 24, Section 2

1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands

and France

1941: Soviet Union

1940: Norway, Denmark, Holland, Belgium, Netherlands

and France

1941: Soviet Union

June 22, 1941,

Hitler invades the Soviet

Union

atlantic1

•FDR and Winston

Churchill meet on the USS

Augusta in the North Atlantic to sign the Atlantic Charter, August

12, 1941.

•They met together to make known certain common principles of their respective

countries on which they base their hopes for a better future

for the world.

atlantic1

FIRST, we seek not conquest of land or territory

SECOND, no territorial changes of land between nations.

THIRD, Restoration of sovereign rights and self-government

FOURTH, Access to raw materials for all

FIFTH, World economic cooperation

SIXTH, Freedom from fear and want

SEVENTH, freedom of the seas

EIGHTH, Disarmament of aggressors

NINTH, a United Nations for world peace.

The Attack Plan (Japanese)

The Attack Plan (Japanese)

By attacking our three main bases (???) the Japanese hoped to have free

reign to take out southern Asia.Wanted oil, rubber & metal.

They wanted control of East Asia (all the way down to Australia).

They concentrated on attacking the Dutch East Indies (Indonesia). This would allow the Japanese to attack

Australia.All that would be left would be small islands here and there in the Pacific

and the Japanese would feel no threat from them.

Why did the Japanese attack us?

Why did the Japanese attack us?

US and Japan had negotiated several treaties to respect each other territorial possessions.Japan had ignored the treaties and were threatening US island possessions and the Open Door Policy in China.

Invaded China in 1937 and started WWII in Asia.

US had placed an embargo on war goods so that Japan could not purchase them.Japan signed an alliance with Germany and ItalyThe Japanese felt if they attacked the US hard enough, we would back off and let Japan control the Pacific.This would allow Japan to create their Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity SphereGreater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere..

map/japan

• Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

• Commander of the Japanese Navy

• Responsible for the success of the Japanese attack of Pearl Harbor.

WWII Military Leaders

• Captain Mitsuo Fuchida

• Led the attack at Pearl Harbor.

• “Tora, Tora, Tora”

• “Attack, Attack, Attack”

Infamy7

Began at 7:55am on Dec. 7, 1941In less than 2 hours, the Pacific Fleet lost

two battleships, six others were heavily battered and nearly a dozen lesser vessels

put out of action.More than 150 planes were wrecked; over

2,300 servicemen were killed and 1,100 wounded.

Blame was widespread, both on the Officials in Washington and on the Admiral

and the General in Hawaii.

•Over half the U.S. Pacific fleet was out to sea, including the carriers.

•18 Army Aircorps aircraft including bombers and fighters and attack bombers

were destroyed or damaged on the ground. •A few U.S. fighters struggled into the air

against the invaders and gave a good account of themselves.

•A total of twenty-nine Japanese aircraft were shot down by ground fire and U.S

pilots from various military installations on O'ahu.

Approximately 100 ships of the U.S. Navy were present that morning, consisting of battleships, destroyers, cruisers and various support ships.

USS Arizona (BB39) BattleshipUSS West Virginia (BB48) BattleshipUSS California (BB44) BattleshipUSS Oklahoma (BB37) BattleshipUSS Nevada (BB36) BattleshipUSS Pennsylvania (BB38) BattleshipUSS Tennessee (BB43) BattleshipUSS Maryland (BB46) BattleshipUSS Vestal (AR4) Repair shipUSS Neosho (AO23) OilerUSS Detroit (CL8) Light

cruiserUSS Raleigh (CL7) Light

cruiserUSS Utah (AG16) Target Ship

USS Tangier (AV8) Seaplane

Tender

•After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech

asking for a declaration of war

against Japan, Congress approved the declaration….

•FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on

Dec. 8, 1941

•After FDR’s Day of Infamy speech

asking for a declaration of war

against Japan, Congress approved the declaration….

•FDR signed the declaration of war against Japan on

Dec. 8, 1941

Infamy9