December 2, 2014

Objective: To describe various skin diseases To differentiate between types of bones To understand long bone structure

Journal: What are the names of three bones in the human body?

SKELETAL SYSTEM

Types of Bones

Long Bones Short Bones Flat Bones Irregular Bones

Long Bones

Longer than they are wide

Found in your arms and legs

Short Bones

Fairly equal in width and length Found in your wrists and ankles

Flat Bones

Thinner bones that can be either flat or curved, but plate-like

Examples: Skull, ribs, breastbone

Bone Anatomy

Periosteum

Tough, fibrous connective tissue that covers the bone

Contains blood vessels, lymph vessels, and nerves

Acts as an anchor point for tendons and ligaments

Regions of the Bones

Diaphysis - The middle of the bones between the two ends

Epiphysis - the ends of the bones

Medullary Cavity

Hollow region within the diaphysis (middle of the bone) Storage area for

bone marrow

Bone Marrow

Yellow Marrow: high in fat content Can be converted into

red bone marrow in emergencies when massive amounts of blood are lost

Red Marrow: produces red blood cells

Bone Tissues

Compact bone tissue Spongy bone tissue

Compact Bone Tissue

Dense, hard tissue Composes the stem of long bones and

the outer layer of other bones

Compact Bone Tissue Parts

Osteons (Haversian Systems) - have mature bone cells (osteocytes) that form concentric circles around blood vessels Run parallel to each other so

enough oxygen and nutrients can get to the bone cells

Protein fibers, calcium and other minerals fill the area around the osteocytes

Spongy Bone Tissue

Made up of trabeculae An irregular arrangement holes between

tissues give it a spongy look

Spongy Bone Tissue Parts

Endosteum: connective tissue similar to periosteum lines the spongy tissue Helps make bones weigh less Provides space for red bone marrow

December 8, 2014

Objective: To describe and observe the various

surface structures of bones Journal: What is the difference between

compact and spongy bone?

Bone Surface Structures

Head

An articulating end of a bone that is rounded and enlarged and on top of a neck

Condyle

A large, rounded knob usually articulating with another bone, does not have a neck

Epicondyle

An enlargement near or superior to a condyle

Facet

A small, flattened area that helps connect to another bone

Crest

A narrow ridge

Process

A prominent projection

Spine

A sharp projection

Trochanter

A larger version of a knoblike projection only in the femur

Tubercle

A knoblike projection

Foramen

A passageway through a bone for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments; a hole

Fossa

Either a groove or a shallow depression

Meatus

A tube or tunnellike passageway through a bone

Sinus

A hollow area