MULTIMEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION IN DISTRIBUTED ENVIRONMENT

SYNCHRONIZATION :-

DEFINATION :-

Synchronization is The Co-ordination of The Events To Operate A

System in Unison .

Systems operating with all their parts in synchrony are said to

be synchronous or in sync.

Ex. Republic Day Parade

Synchronization is An Important Concept in The Following Fields :-

1. Computer science

2. Cryptography

3. Multimedia

4. Music

5. Neuroscience

6. Photography

7. Physics

8. Synthesizers

9. Telecommunication

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEM :-

A system or application that supports the integrated processing of

several media types .

MULTIMEDIA SYNCHRONIZATION:-

Synchronization in multimedia system refers to the temporal

relations between media objects in a multimedia system .

Two type of media data :-

1.Continuous : Time-Dependent

Ex :- Real-Service (Live Video)

2.Discrete : Time-Independent

Ex :- Text or Graphic

Three Levels Of MM Synchronization :-

1. Intra-Media Synchronization

2. Inter-Media Synchronization

3. Inter-Party Synchronization

1. Intra-Object Synchronization :-

Time Relation Between Various Presentation Units of One Time-

Dependent Media Object .

Ex : Time relation between the single frames of a video sequence.

For a video with a rate of 25 frames per second each of the frames has

to be displayed for 40 ms .

Frames of a video sequence that shows a jumping ball

2. Inter-Object Synchronization :-

The Synchronization between Media Objects.

Ex : Time Relations of A Multimedia Synchronization That Starts

With Audio/Video Sequence, Followed By Several Pictures and an Animation

That is commented by an Audio Sequence.

3. Inter-Party Synchronization :-

Also Known As Event Synchronization.

Maintains The Inter-Media and/or Intra-Media Synchronization Among

Different Participants at Distributed Locations.

Ex. Remote Learning

Video Conferencing

Media Objects :-

Texts , Graphics and Images , Audio ,Video etc..

Distributed Environment :-

Distributed Storage of Synchronization Information .

Distributed Storage of Media Objects .

Communication Delays and Jitter .

Multi-Party Communication Patterns .

Types of Temporal Relations Between Two Objects :-

Logical Data Unit (LDU) Hierarchy :-

LDU is the unit of a media stream. Different streams have

different LDU size.

Example of Video/Audio/User-Defined LDU :-

Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL) :-

SMIL (Pronounced "smile") Enables Simple Authoring Of Interactive

Audiovisual Presentations .

SMIL is Typically Used for “Rich Media"/ Multimedia Presentations

Which Integrate Streaming Audio And Video With Images , Text Or

Any Other Media Type .

SMIL is An Easy-To-Learn HTML- Like Language .

SMIL Presentations Are Written Using A Simple Text-Editor .

More Details http://www.w3.org/AudioVideo/

PRESENTED BY :- DEEPAK GUPTA (25)