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Def
ence
Tec
hnol
ogy
& S
yste
ms C
ours
eD
TS 5
121
-Air
Syst
ems
AF
06 :
Airc
raft
Perf
orm
ance
Ass
oc. P
rof.
Ger
ard
Leng
Coo
rdin
ator
-A
eron
autic
al E
ngin
eerin
g G
roup
, ME
Dep
t., N
US
Adj
unct
Prin
cipa
l Mem
ber o
f the
Tec
hnic
al S
taff
, DSO
Nat
iona
l Lab
s.
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Trai
ning
Pro
gram
me
1 : O
f Thr
ust,
Pow
er a
nd W
eigh
tor
wha
t fac
tors
affe
ct a
ircr
aft p
erfo
rman
ce ?
2 : C
ruis
e Pe
rfor
man
ce -
Ran
ge a
nd E
ndur
ance
or h
ow fa
st a
nd h
ow lo
ng c
an th
e ai
rcra
ft fly
?
3 : T
akeo
ff a
nd L
andi
ng P
erfo
rman
ceor
how
muc
h ru
nway
do
we
need
?
4 : C
limb
and
Turn
Per
form
ance
or h
ow n
imbl
e is
the
airc
raft
?
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Ref
eren
ces
•M
.E. E
shel
by, “
Airc
raft
Perf
orm
ance
: The
ory
and
Prac
tice”
, A
IAA
Edu
catio
n Se
ries 2
000
•Jo
opW
agen
mak
ers,
“Airc
raft
Perf
orm
ance
Eng
inee
ring”
, Pr
entic
e H
all,
1991
•A
ngel
o M
iele
, “Fl
ight
Mec
hani
cs :
The
ory
of F
light
Pat
hs”,
Pe
rgam
on, 1
962
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Som
e co
mm
on te
rms a
nd c
onve
rsio
n fa
ctor
s
Airc
raft
engi
ne d
ata
(esp
ecia
lly U
S en
gine
s) d
on’t
use
SI u
nits
!
a) k
nots
(kt)
–un
it of
spee
d =
0.5
151
m/s
b) p
ound
(lb
or lb
f) –
unit
of fo
rce
= 4.
448
N
c) p
ound
mas
s (lb
or l
bm) –
unit
of m
ass =
0.4
54 k
g
d) h
orse
pow
er (h
p) -
unit
of p
ower
= 0
.745
7 kW
e) n
autic
al m
ile (n
m) –
unit
of d
ista
nce
= 1’
of l
atitu
de a
t equ
ator
= 6
080
ft =
185
3 m
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
The
basi
c id
ea o
f thr
ust p
rodu
ctio
n
Thru
st
~
d (m
ass f
low
x e
xhau
st v
eloc
ity)
dt
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
How
doe
s a tu
rboj
et w
ork
?
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Wor
ld’s
firs
t jet
eng
ines
Han
s von
Oha
in’s
HS3
BFr
ank
Whi
ttle’
sW1
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Exam
ple
: Eng
ine
upgr
ade
A4S
to A
4S-1
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
J65-
W-2
0 tu
rboj
et
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Rep
lace
men
t eng
ine
F404
-GE-
100D
turb
ofan
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
F404
-GE-
400
cuta
way
dia
gram
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Que
stio
n : H
ow d
oes a
turb
ofan
wor
k ?
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
USF4
04-G
E-10
0D
spec
ifica
tions
•M
axim
um th
rust
: 11
,000
lbs.
48
.9 k
N•
Wei
ght:
1,82
0 lb
s 82
6 kg
•
Leng
th:
89 in
ches
22
6 cm
•
Inle
t dia
met
er:
31 in
ches
79
cm
•
Max
dia
met
er:
35 in
ches
89
cm
•
Airf
low
: 14
2 lb
s/se
c
64 k
g/se
c •
Pres
sure
ratio
: 25
-to-1
•B
ypas
s rat
io*
0.34
* B
ypas
s rat
io
=
(mas
s of a
ir th
roug
h fa
n) /
( mas
s of a
ir th
roug
h co
re)
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Com
paris
on :
J65-
W-2
0 an
d F4
04-G
E-10
0D
Engi
ne T
/W *
TSFC
(kg/
hr)/N
**
826
1251
Engi
ne w
eigh
t (W
/g)
k
48.9
37.4
Max
thru
st (T
) kN
F404
-GE-
100D
J65-
W-2
0
* N
ot to
be
conf
used
with
the
airc
raft
thru
st to
wei
ght r
atio
** T
SFC
is th
e th
rust
spec
ific
fuel
con
sum
ptio
nTS
FC is
def
ined
as f
uel-f
low
rate
per
uni
t of t
hrus
t pro
duce
d (N
or l
bf)
Fuel
-flo
w ra
te is
mea
sure
d in
uni
ts o
f mas
s of f
uel f
low
per
hou
r (kg
/hr o
r lbm
/hr)
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
War
ning
! TS
FC is
not
non
dim
ensi
onal
!
( lb
m/ h
r )( 0
.454
kg/
hr)
----
----
----
---
=--
----
----
----
----
--lb
f4.
448
N
=(k
g/hr
) / N
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
The
payo
ff
•30
%le
ss ta
ke-o
ff ti
me
•15
% h
ighe
r das
h sp
eed
•35
%fa
ster
acc
eler
atio
n
•40
%in
crea
sed
rate
of c
limb
(RO
C)
•M
ax sp
eed
at se
a le
vel:
610
knot
s (11
30 k
m/h
)
•M
ax c
ruis
e sp
eed
at 3
0 kf
t(10
km
): 44
6 kn
ots (
826
km/h
)
Com
men
ts ?
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Wer
e th
ere
prob
lem
s in
airf
ram
e/en
gine
inte
grat
ion
?
G. L
eng,
ME
Dep
t, N
US
Exer
cise
: F1
6A a
nd F
16D
Que
stio
n :
Wha
t’s th
e di
ffer
ence
?
