IntroductionDefinition and Branches of Science and

Physics

Definition of Science

ScienceA systematized body of knowledge based on

facts.- Knowledge about the laws of the physical

universe as obtained and tested through the scientific method

- From the Greek word scientia which means knowledge

- Discipline or field of study which aims to explain and describe a natural phenomenon

Science

Natural Science (nature or the natural world)

Physical Science (matter, energy

and other physical entities)

Biological Science (life

and living things)

Social Science (human mind

and interaction)

Mathematics and Logic (analysis and reasoning)

Definition of Physics

Physics- Study of matter and energy, their relation and

interaction in space and time.

Branches of Physics

Classical (motion

and energy)

• Mechanics (motion of objects and systems under the influence of force)

• Themodynamics (heat energy)• Acoustics (sound)• Electrodynamics (electricity

and magnetism)• Optics (light)

Modern

• Quantum physics (based on quantum theory

• Atomic Physics (structure, properties and behavior of atoms)

• Molecular physics (structure, properties and behavior of molecules)

• Nuclear physics (structure and properties of the atomic nucleus and nuclear reactions

• High energy physics (behavior of elementary particles that make up subatomic particles

• Solid state physics (physical properties of solid materials

• Properties and behavior of highly ionized gases called plasma

Scientific MethodA logical and rational sequence of

steps that scientists follow before arriving at conclusions

It helps organize ideas and processes so that scientists can arrive at more accurate answers

Steps in Scientific Investigation•Becoming aware of natural phenomenon that you would like to investigateObservation•Gather as much data as possible about the phenomenon under investigationResearch•Formulate tentative, natural and rational explanation about the phenomenon

Formulating hypothesis

•Design an experiment by imagining the different ways you can manipulate the variablesPrediction•Conduct an actual experimentExperimentation

•Summarize the experimental results and how it matches your hypothesisConclusion

Hypothesis, Theory, Law and ModelHypothesis – tentative explanation of a

phenomenon; an intelligent guess, natural explanation and not yet subjected to any experiment

Theory – explanation supported by several experiments; flexible enough to be modified upon discovery of a new phenomena; new theories normal absorb and not disprove old theories

Hypothesis, Theory, Law and ModelLaw – theories that stand for a very long time

and experimentally proven on several occasions; predict events under different situations; uniform and universal

Model – scientific assumptions; has few experimental evidences; contradicted by several other experiments; not universal

Technology Related to scienceInvolves designInvolves making somethingIt is multidimensionalIt is concerned with valuesIt is socially shaped/shapingKinds of technology: tools and

gadgets, products and processes

Thank you!