Degree of Comparison

There are three kinds of comparison:

1. Positive degree2. Comparative degree3. Superlative degree

1. Positive Degree

→ is used o compare two thinks that are equal.

The pattern :

S + to be + as + adj + as

S + verb + as + adv + as

Examples

1. My book is as interesting as yours

2. His car runs as fast as a race car

3. Their house is as big as that one

2. Comparative Degree → is used to compare two things that are not equal.

The Pattern for 1 syllableS + to be + adj + er + thanS + verb + adv + er + than

Examples1. Today is hotter than yesterday2. Bill runs faster than Bob3. This exercise is easier than the last one4. Andi works harder than his brother

The pattern for more than two syllablesS + to be + more + adj + thanS + verb + more + adv + than

Examples

1. This red dress is more comfortable than the white

2. He speaks Spanish more fluently than I

3. This year’s exhibit is more impressive than the last year’s

4. He visits his family more frequently than she does

3. Superlative Degree

→ is used to compare one thing with two or more other things.

The pattern for 1 syllable

S + to be + the + adj + est

S + verb + the + adv + est

Examples

1. John is the tallest boy in the family

2. He works the hardest employee of all the employee in this office.

The pattern for more than two syllables

S + to be + the most + adj

S + verb + the most + adv

Examples

1. That was the most boring film I have ever seen

2. Sally dances the most gracefully of all the participant

NOTE

* Use the form more + adjective for adjective ending in the

following suffixes: -ed, -ful, -ing, -ish and ous (more

useful, more boring, more cautious)

* When an adjective ends in a consonant +y, change the y

to i and add –er or - est (happy-happier/ the happiest, dry-drier/the

driest) and for –some, - ow and add –er or -est (handsomer/the

handsomest, narrower/the narrowest)

POSITIVE COMPARATIVE SUPERLATIVE

Bad

Far

Good

Well

Little

much/many

Worse

Farther

Further

Better

Better

Less

more

The worst

The Farthest

The Furthest

The best

the best

The least

The most

For examples

1. His behavior is as bad (bad) as his brother’s.

2. New York has the most (many) tall buildings of any city in the world

3. She knits as good (good) as her mother

4. Alisa plays the violin better (good) than the other violinist

Exercises

1. You can tell Harris about it just ____(easily) as I can.

2. That tall woman is _____ (ambitious) secretary in this house.

3. Pierre understands English _____ (little) of all the students

4. He plays guitar _____ (well) as Andre Segovia.

5. Nobody is _______ (happy) than Maria Elen

6. Brazil export ____ (much) coffee of all the American countries

Passive Voice

BACKGROUND

• Sentences can be written or spoken in the active or passive voice. Active sentence is the sentence where the subject is doing the work, by contrast, passive sentences are sentences where the subject is the object of the sentence imposed by the job.

1. PRESENT FORM

Example:

• John bites Marry (active)

• Marry is bitten by John (Passive)

AKTIF :S + V1 + OPASIF :S + To be (is,am,are) + V3 + by_AKTIF :S + V1 + OPASIF :S + To be (is,am,are) + V3 + by_

ACTIVE SETENCE CHANGE INTO PASSIVE SETENCE

2. PAST FORM

• AKTIF :S + V2 + O• PASIF :S + be(was/were ) + V3 + by_

• AKTIF :S + V2 + O• PASIF :S + be(was/were ) + V3 + by_

Contoh: John bit Mary (active) Mary was bitten by John (passive)

3. CONTINOUS FORM

Example:

• John is biting Marry (active)

• Marry is being bitten by John (Passive)

AKTIF :S + To be + V-ing + OPASIF :S + To be + being + V3 + byAKTIF :S + To be + V-ing + OPASIF :S + To be + being + V3 + by

4. PERFECT FORM

Example:

• John has bitten Marry (active)

• Marry has been bitten by John (Passive)

AKTIF :S + To be (has/have/had)+ V3 + OPASIF :S + To be (has/have/had ) been + V3 + byAKTIF :S + To be (has/have/had)+ V3 + OPASIF :S + To be (has/have/had ) been + V3 + by

5. FUTURE FORM

Example:

• John will bite Mary(active)

• Marry will bitten by John (Passive)

AKTIF :S + will+ V1 + OPASIF :S + will+( be)inf + V3 + by_AKTIF :S + will+ V1 + OPASIF :S + will+( be)inf + V3 + by_

The Conversion from Active Form to Passive FormActive Passive

Present1.She washes her dresses.2.She is washing her dresses.3.She has washing her dresses.

Her dresses are washed.Her dresses are being washed.Her dresses have been washed.

Past1.She washed her dresses. 2.She was washing her dresses.3.She had washed her dresses.

Her dresses were washed.Her dresses were being washed.Her dresses have been washed.

Continous She is washing her dresses. Her dresses is being washed.

Perfect She has washed her dresses. Her dresses has been washed.

Future She will wash her dresses. Her dresses will be washed.

KETERANGAN

Untuk mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut:1)Tenses kalimat pasif sama dengan tense kalimat aktif2)Subjek dalam kalimat pasif berasal dari objek kalimat aktif3)Objek dalam kalimat pasif berasal dari subjek kalimat aktif4)Verb/kata kerja dalam kalimat aktif berupa menjadi to be + V3 atau to be + being + V3

Form of Passive

Example: A letter was writtenWhen rewriting active sentences in passive

voice, note the following:• the object of the active sentence becomes

the subject of the passive sentence• the finite form of the verb is changed (to be +

past participle)• the subject of the active sentence becomes

the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle

Use of Passive

Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action.

FINISH…FINISH…Thank You… ^^Thank You… ^^

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