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Demographicsdemos – the people
graphy – writing about, recording
DEFINITION: writing about the people
DEMOGRAPHICS – Learning Goals
• Explain concepts related to demography
• Describe population trends in Canada and around the world
• Explain the significance of immigration to Canadian society
• Assess the impact of demographic change
WHY ARE DEMOGRAPHICS IMPORTANT? (BEFORE)
STUDYING GROWING TRENDS
• DEMOGRAPHY – the statistical study of population
• Used in forming public policy, marketing
• Reveals important details about ethnicity, age, gender
• What are important demographic trends that social scientists need to study?
DEMOGRAPHIC CONCEPTS
• Fertility rate – measured using the crude birth rate (the number of live births per 1,000 people per year)
• Mortality rate – measured using the crude death rate (the number of deaths per 1,000 people per year)
• Migration – movement of people into and out of an area
• Analyzed together to measure overall population changes
CONCEPTS, cont’d
• Population Composition – the demographic profile of a population (societies, nations, world religions, other groups)
• Sex Ratio – the number of men per 100 women
• Population Pyramid – population distribution by sex and age
DEMOGRAPHIC THEORIES
Malthusian Theory (Thomas Malthus)
• Factors that control human population are war, famine and disease
• These “positive checks” increased mortality rates
• “preventative checks” such as birth control and celibacy reduced fertility rates
• As population grows exponentially, people would run out of food, causing war over scarce resources and reducing the population
THEORIES, cont’d
Zero-Population Growth (Paul Ehrlich)
• The world is moving toward environmental collapse
• Advocated for a goal of zero population growth (ZPG)
• Support for this idea is mixed but still considered possible
THEORIES, cont’d
Cornucopian Theory
• Asserts that human ingenuity can resolve issues as they develop
• If we need more food, for instance, scientists will find a way to grow more
• Humans have adapted for thousands of years – no reason it will stop
Demographic Transition Theory
• Future population growth will develop along a predictable model• Stage 1 – birth, death, infant mortality rates are all high; life expectancy is
short
• Stage 2 – birth rates are higher; infant mortality and death rates drop while life expectancy increases
• Stage 3 – as society is industrialized, birth rates decline, life expectancy increases and death rates continue to decrease
• Stage 4 – the postindustrial era; birth and death rates are low, people live longer; leads to population stability
POPULATION TRENDS
Canada:
• Population of 34 278 400 (2011)
• Total number of immigrants in 2013: 258,953
• Total number of births in 2013/14: 385,937
• Total number deaths in 2013/14: 256,721
What other trends do you notice? - http://www.statcan.gc.ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/ind01/l3_3867-eng.htm?hili_none
AFRICA
EUROPE
IMMIGRATION IN CANADA
POPULATION TRENDS, cont’d
CANADA
• http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2006/as-sa/97-553/vignettes/FamFlash-eng.cfm
THE WORLD
• http://www.cbc.ca/doczone/episodes/generation-boomerang
WHY ARE DEMOGRAPHICS IMPORTANT? (AFTER)