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8/22/2019 Demography 6
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Churches
Almudena Cathedral, Catedral de la Almudena
Royal Convent of La Encarnacin (faade)
San Francisco el Grande
Madrid has a considerable number of Catholic churches, some of them are among the
most important Spanish religious artworks.
The oldest church that survives today is San Nicols de los Servitas, whose oldest item
is the bell tower (12th century), in Mudjar style. The next oldest temple is San Pedro el
Real, with its high brick tower.
St. Jerome Church is a gothic church next to El Prado Museum. The Catholic Monarchs
ordered its construction in the 15th century, as part of a vanished monastery. The
monastery's cloister is preserved. It has recently been renovated by Rafael Moneo, with
the goal to house the neoclassical collection of El Prado Museum, and also sculptures
by Leone Leoni andPompeo Leoni.
The Bishop Chapel is a gothic chapel which was built in the 16th century by order ofthe Bishop of Plasencia, Gutierre de Vargas. It was originally built to house the remains
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ofSaint Isidore Laborer(Madrid's patron saint), but it was used as the Vargas family
mausoleum. Inside are the altairpiece and the tombs of the Vargas family, which were
the work of Francisco Giralte, a disciple ofAlonso Berruguete. They are considered
masterpieces of Spanish Renaissance sculpture.
St. Isidore Church from the Plaza Mayor
St. Isidore Church was built between 16201664 by order of Empress Maria of Austria,
daughter ofCharles V of Germany and I of Spain, to become part of a school run by the
Jesuits which still exists today. Its dome is the first example of a dome drawing on a
wooden frame covered with plaster, which, given its lightness makes it easy to supportthe walls. It was the cathedral of Madrid between 1885 and 1993, which is the time it
took to build the Almudena. The artwork inside were mostly burned during the Spanish
Civil War, but it retained the tomb that holds the incorrupt body ofSaint Isidore
Laborerand the urn containing the ashes of his wife Maria Torribia.
Royal Convent of La Encarnacin is an Augustinian Recollect convent. The institution,
which belonged ladies of the nobility, was founded by Queen Margaret of Austria, wife
ofPhilip III of Spain, in the early 17th century. Due to the frescoes and sculptures
which houses is one of the most prominent temples in the city. The building's architect
was Fray Alberto de la Madre de Dios, who built it between 1611 and 1616. The faade
responds to an inspiring Herrerian style, with great austerity,and it was imitated by otherSpanish churches. The church's interior is a sumptuous work by the great Baroque
architectVentura Rodriguez.
In the church are preserved shrines containing the blood ofSt. Januarius and St.
Pantaleon, the second (according to tradition) liquefies every year on the saint's day on
27 July.
San Antonio de los Alemanes (St. Anthony Church) is a pretty 17th-century church
which was originally part of a Portuguese hospital. Subsequently it was donated to the
Germans living in the city.
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The interior of the church has been recently restored. It has some beautiful frescoes
painted by Luca Giordano, Francisco Carreo and Francisco Rizi. The frescoes
represent some kings of Spain, Hungary, France, Germany and Bohemia. They all sit
looking at the paintings in the vault, which represent the life ofSaint Anthony of Padua.
Royal Chapel of St. Anthony of La Florida is sometimes named the "Goya's SistineChapel". The chapel was built on orders of KingCharles IV of Spain, who also
commissioned the frescoes by Goya. These were completed over a six-month period in
1798. The frescoes portray miracles by Saint Anthony of Padua, including one which
occurred in Lisbon, but which the painter has relocated to Madrid. On every 13 June,
the chapel becomes the site of a lively pilgrimage in which young unwed women come
to pray to St. Anthony and to ask for a partner.
San Francisco el Grande Basilicawas built in neoclassical style in the second half of the
18th century by Francesco Sabatini. It has the fifth largest diameter dome to
Christianity. (33 meters in diameter: it's smaller than the dome of the Rome's Pantheon
(43.4meters), St. Peter's Basilica(42.4 meters), the Florence Cathedral (42 meters)andthe Rotunda of Mosta (37.2 meters) in Malta, but it's larger than St. Paul's Cathedral
(30.8 meters) in London and Hagia Sophia (31.8 meters) in Istanbul).
The church is dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi, who according to legend was
established in Madrid during his pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela. Its sumptuous
interior features many artworks, including paintings by Goyaand Zurbarn.
The Cathedral of Santa Mara la Real de la Almudenais the episcopal seat of the
Archdiocese of Madrid. It is a temple of 102 meters long and 73 high, built during the
19th and 20th centuries in a mixture of different styles: neoclassical exterior, neo-
Gothic interior and neo-Romanesque crypt and neo-Byzantine abse's paints.
The cathedral was built in the same place which was built the Moorish citadel (Al-
Mudayna) in Madrid. It was consecrated by Pope John Paul II on his fourth trip to Spain
on 15 June 1993, thus being the only Spanish cathedral dedicated by a pope.
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