DENG 21) ASSIGNMENT - Welcome to ANUCDEanucde.info/DEC15ASSIGN/164-2.pdf · iii) We shall choose death if we cannot forget -----. 1) Rest 2) Quarrel 3) Soul 4) Death iv) The antonym

(DENG 21)

ASSIGNMENT - 1, DEC - 2015.

B.A./B.Com./B.Sc./B.B.M./B.H.M. DEGREE EXAMINATION.

(Examination at the end of Second Year)

Part I — English

Paper II — GENERAL ENGLISH

Maximum : 20 MARKS

Answer ALL questions.

1) a) Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

True Economy consists in always making the Income Exceed the outgo. Wear

the old clothes or little longer if necessary dispenser with the new pair of gloves;

Mend the old dress. Live on a plainer food. If need be; so that under all

circumstances, unless some unforeseen accident occurs. There will be a margin

in favour of the income.

i) What does the writer say?

ii) Where in lines true economy?

iii) Pick out the word from this passage which is the synonyms for „repair‟.

iv) What are the three domestic things mentioned?

v) Write the antonym of „exceed‟.

` b) Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow; choosing the

right answer:

Shall we, instead, choose death, because we cannot forget our quarrels, I appeal

as a human being to human beings: remember humanity, and forget the rest. If

you can do so, the way lies open to a new paradise; if you cannot, nothing lies

before you but Universal death.

i) „Paradise‟ means ------.

1) Hall 2) Heaven

3) Life 4) Death

ii) Nothing lies before you but -------.

1) Humanity 2) Lies

3) Life 4) Universal death

iii) We shall choose death if we cannot forget -------.

1) Rest 2) Quarrel

3) Soul 4) Death

iv) The antonym of „different‟.

1) Change 2) Similar

3) Many 4) Various

2) Answer the following in not more than 100 words each:

a) How is wisdom defined in Kalam‟s lesson “the knowledge society”?

b) What is the moral of the play “the Drunkard”?

c) Explain the Gandhi‟s experiences as a student in London.

d) What are the things Helen Keller would see on the secondary?

3) Answer the following in about 200 words:

a) Sketch the character of Edward Middleton.

b) According to Barnum, what kind of people can attain “pecuniary independence”.

c) Explain a brief summary of Helen Keller.

4) a) Answer the following in not more than 100 words:

i) Bringout the central idea of the poem “Mending Wall”.

ii) What does the nightingale symbolise for the poet?

iii) Write an appreciation of the poem “Ode to the west wind”.

b) Explain the following:

i) Explain – „So, oneday more am I defied who knows but the world may end

tonight.

ii) Lo! I have flung to the East and West.

iv) “If winter comes, can spring be far behind”?


a) Write an appreciation of the lyricism in the “Ode to Nightingale”.

b) What is P-B Shelley‟s prayer to the west wind?

c) Describe the London city as you find it in Willian Blake‟s poem, London.

————————

(DENG 21)




Part I — English

Paper II — GENERAL ENGLISH

Maximum : 20 MARKS



a) How did luck favour an absolute fool like Scoreshy?

b) Discuss about Scoreshy‟s Sudden rise to success.

c) Explain the brief summary of „Lottery Ticket‟ in your own words.

2) Read the following passage and summarise it.

Kangaroos are found in Australia, Jasmania and New Guinea. Although there are over

40 species of Kangaroos the largest and the most common ones are grey Kangaroos

and red Kangaroos. Kangaroos can hop at the speed of 60 kilometers per hour, the

female can hop faster than the male. But they can jump over fences 3 metres high.

They live in Grass Lands and open forests. The young Kangaroos „Joey‟ lives in its

Mother‟s pouch for about six months, and slowly becomes independent of her. If they

live to the maxim age around 20, or even 30, they probably die of starvation, because

their teeth eventually fall out or wear out.

3) Write an essay on the following:

a) Environmental Pollution.

b) Education system in Andhra Pradesh.

c) Global Warming.

4) Answer of the following:

a) Write a report on an official function of the PM.

b) Give a report about the final match of Champion‟s Trophy.

5) Use the following idioms and phrases in sentences of your own:

a) Bag and baggage.

b) Cut down.

c) Bury the hatchet.

d) Put down.

e) Quid proquo.

f) Up to the mark.

g) A fish out of water.

h) Put one‟s foot down.

6) Answer the following:

a) Write an imaginary dialogue between you and clerk at the reservation counter.

b) Write a letter to your friend inviting him to your house for your marriage.

c) Write a letter on behalf of the class representative to the principal for requirement of drinking

water in the class room.

————————

(DTEL 21)




Part I — Telugu

Paper II — POETRY, PROSE, DRAMA, PROSODY, POETICS AND ESSAY

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü {ç³† ç³§éÆæÿ® ™é™èþµÆ>ÅË$ Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) “A…«§óþ…§æþ*§æþÄ¶ý$Ð@þ¬ÌŒý Ð@þ$àº« Ææÿ Ô¶ý…RêÆ>Ð@þÐ@þ¬ÌŒý Ð@þÊMæü çÜ

[§æþY…«§éRêÅç³¯@þÐ@þ¬ÌŒý ¯@þç³#…çÜMæü Ð@þ«§æþ* M>…„æüÌŒý Mæü–™èþçœ*²Ð@þÎ

º…«§æþ$™èþÓ…º$Ë$ ¿¶ýçÜÃçßýÐ@þÅÐ@þ¬Ë$ Ë$ºª{§æþÐ@þÅÐ@þ¬ÌŒý ¶Møyæþ çÜ

§æþY…«§æþ…º$ÌŒý çßýÇ¿¶ýMìü¢ Ð@þÇj™èþ$Ë ÇMæü¢Ð@þÅÆæÿ®çÜ…ÝëÆæÿÐ@þ¬ÌŒý ”.

b) “AÆæÿ§æþÐ@þ¬ ¯ðþMìüP Móü™èþ¯@þ ç³sê…^èþË ^èþ…^èþËOÐðþ$¯@þ ™éÍÃ™ø —

§æþ$ÆæÿVæüfÐ@þ…º$ Ð@þ¬¯@þYyæþÐ@þ—{§ø_ Mæüyæþ…Vðüyæþ$ ™èþ™èþ¢‚ý…º$™ø—

¨ÇVðüyæþ$ º…yìþMæü…yæþÏ ç³W¨¯Œþ {¿¶ýÑ$Æÿ¬… èþ$ Ð@þ$¯@þ…º$ ™øyæþ ¯é

çßýÇ @þ¯@þ$§ðþ…^ðþ çÜ™èþÅçÜÐ@þ¬§æþ…_™èþ M>…^èþ¯@þ Ýû«§æþÐ@þ¤Mìü¯Œþ”

2) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü çÜ…§æþÆæÿÂçÜíßý™èþ ÐéÅQÅË$ Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) “¯éÄ¶ý$ ¿êVæüÅÑ$…™óþ Äñý¬MæüÇ ºËP¯óþË”?

b) ç³§æþÃMæüÇ~Mæü…— VöË$Ð@þ#¯@þ² ç³§æþÃÐøÌñý.

c) ´ë§æþÄ¶ý¬VæüÐ@þ¬ ™øyìþ ç³Ô¶ý$Ð@þ# V>Mæü.

d) Ð@þ*¯@þÆæÿíßý™èþÐ@þ$Æÿ¬¯@þ {º™èþ$Mæü$ Ð@þ*°°MóüÌê?

e) Væüyìþ_¯@þ ^èþÇ{™èþÌZ ¯éMæü$ ™éÐ@þ# Ìôý§æþ$ Cç³šyæþ$ @þyìþ^óþ ^èþÇ{™èþMæü$ ±† Ìôý§æþ$.

f) Ñç³ÏÐ@þÔ¶ý…Q… Ñ°í³Ýë¢ÆøÄŒý$.

g) “Ææÿ…yæþ$ í³Ë$Ð@þ#…yæþ$ Ô¶ýÆÿ¬…_¯@þ ÐéÇ¯ðþËÏÆæÿ¯Œþ”

h) D MæüËË$ M>W™èþç³# õ³ÍMæüOÌñý Æ>Í¯@þÑ.

3) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü çÜÐ@þ*«§é¯@þ… Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) Ò$´ëuæÿ… B«§éÆæÿ…V> {ç³àÏ§æþ$° Væü$×ýÖÌêË¯@þ$ Ð@þÇ~…^èþ…yìþ.

b) °VæüÐ@þ$Ô¶ýÆæÿÃMæü$ A™èþ° AMæüP óþíÜ¯@þ Eç³§óþÔ¶ý….

c) †ËMŠü MæüÑ™é ™èþ™èþÓ….

d) Ð@þ$çßZ…{«§ø§æþÄ¶ý$… §éÓÆ> §éÔ¶ýÆæÿ¤ Ð@þÅMìü¢™èþÓ….

4) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü çÜÐ@þ*«§é¯@þ… Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) çÜÓ¿êçÙ BÐ@þÔ¶ýÅMæü™èþ

b) ¨ÐéMæüÆæÿÏ ÐéÇ §æþ–íÙtÌZ „Ð@þ$¯@þ$ èþÇ{™èþ‟

c) ºçßý$M>Ë §æþÆæÿØ¯@þ… & }Æ>Ð@þ¬Ë$ ´ë{™èþ.

d) Æ>Ä¶ý$Ë M>Ë… ¯ésìý ÆæÿíÜMæü™èþ.

————————

(DTEL 21)




Part I — Telugu

Paper II — POETRY, PROSE, DRAMA, PROSODY, POETICS AND ESSAY

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü çÜÐ@þ*«§é¯éË$ Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) „Ð@þÆæÿ Ñ¶MæüÄ¶ý$…‟ & ¯érMæü… B«§éÆæÿ…V> ¯érMæü Ë„æü×êË$.

b) ç³#Ææÿ$Úù™èþ ¢Ð@þ$ Æ>Ð@þ# ´ë{™èþ _{™èþ×ý.

c) íÜ…VæüÆ>k Í…VæüÆ>k.

d) „Ð@þÆæÿ Ñ¶MæüÄ¶ý$…‟ & A…¨… óþ çÜ…§óþÔ¶ý….

2) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü Æðÿ…yæþ$ ç³#rË ÐéÅçÜ… Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

a) {ç³gêÝëÓÐ@þ$Å Ð@þÅÐ@þçÜ¦ÌZ ç³{†MæüË ´ë{™èþ.

b) ÝëÐ@þ*hMæü çÜÐ@þ$çÜÅ & GÆÿ¬yŠþÞ.

c) òÜÌŒý¸ù¯Œþ Ð@þË¯@þ Ìê¿¶ý ¯@þÚëtË$.

3) a) D ¶Mìü…¨ ç³§æþÅ ´ë§é°² Væü×ý Ñ¿¶ýf¯@þ ^óþíÜ, Væü$Ææÿ$Ëçœ¬Ð@þ#Ë$ Væü$Ç¢…_, ç³§æþÅ Ë„æü×ýÐ@þ¬Ë$ Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

i) “AkqÌŒý Vö…§æþ‚ý$ Ðóþ$Ð@þ¬ §éÐ@þ$¯@þ$ èþ$ Ð@þ*Ä¶ý$…gñý…¨ çÜÆ>Ó™èþÃMæü$…”

ii) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü Ýù§éçßýÆæÿ×ý…V> Ë„æü×ê°² Æ>Ä¶ý$…yìþ.

1) ^èþ…ç³MæüÐ@þ*Ë

2) Mæü…§æþÐ@þ¬.

b) D ¶Mìü…¨ ´ë§æþ…ÌZ° AË…M>Æ>°² ™ðþÍµ Ë„æü Å Ë„æü×ý çÜÐ@þ$¯@þÓÄ¶ý$… óþÄ¶ý$…yìþ.

i) “Æ>f¼…»êçÜÅ Ææÿ$MìüÃ×ìý ™óþfÇÌñýÏ

Ýë @þºsìýt @þ Ð@þ$MæüÆ>…Mæü$ Ô¶ýçÜÐ@þ$¯@þVæü”.

ii) D ¶Mìü…¨ ÐésìýMìü Ýù§éçßýÆæÿ×ý…V> Ë„æü× … ™ðþËµ…yìþ.

1) AÆ>®…™èþÆæÿ¯éÅÝëË…M>Ææÿ….

2) Ìêsê¯@þ${´ëçÜ….

————————

(DHIN 21(NR))




Part I — Hindi

Paper II — GENERAL HINDI

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) {ZåZ{b{IV nÚm§e H$mo gàg§J ì¶m»¶m H$s{OE&

a) i) ào‘ Z ~mS>r CnO¡, ào‘ Z hmQ> {~H$m¶&

amOm naOm Oo{h ê$M¡, grg Xoh boh Om¶&

ii) Omo ahr‘ CÎm‘ àH¥${V, H$m H$[a gH$V Hw$g§J&

M§XZ {~f ì¶mnV Zqh, bnQ>o ahV wO§J&&

b) i) gya g‘a H$aZr H$aqh, H${hZ OZdm{h Amn&

{dÚm‘mZ [anw nmB aZ, H$m¶a H$aqh àbmn&

ii) H$ZH$-H$ZH$ V| gm¡JwZr, ‘mXH$Vm A{YH$m¶&

dmo Im¶o ~m¡am¶ OJ, ¶m nm¶o ~m¡am¶&

c) i) MyHo$, ‘wP na Ì¡bmo³¶ ^bo hr MyHo$,

Omo H$moB© Omo H$h gHo$, H$ho, ³¶m| MyyHo$?

N>rZo Z ‘mV¥nX {H$ÝVw ^aV H$m ‘wP go

ho am‘, XþhmB© H$ê±$ Am¡a ³¶m VwP go?

ii) MbnS>o {OYa Xmo S>J‘J nJ

~T> Mbo H$mo{Q> nJ Cgr Amoa&

nS JB© {OYa ^r EH$ Ñ{îQ>,

JS J¶o H$mo{Q> ÑJ Cgr Amoa&

2) g~r H${dVm H$m gmam§e {b{IE&

a) H¡$Ho$B© H$m níMmÎmmn

b) h‘mam ß¶mam ^maV df©

c) ^rî‘ H$m ea-eæ¶m go CnXoe

3) g~r H${d H$m n[aM¶ Xr{OE&

a) gy¶©H$m§V {ÌnmR>r {Zambm

b) gmohZbmb {ÛdoXr

c) A¶moÜ¶m qgh ‘h[aAm¡Y’

————————

(DHIN 21(NR))




Part I — Hindi

Paper II — GENERAL HINDI

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) g~ {df¶ na {Z~§Y {b{IE&

a) XÿaXe©Z

b) ~oH$mar H$s g‘ñ¶m

c) n¶m©daU àXÿfU

d) {dÚmWu Am¡a amOZr{V

e) AnZm {à¶ H${d

2) g~ gm{hpË¶H$ {df¶ na {Z~§Y {b{IE&

a) draJmWm H$mb - M§X~aXmB©

b) H¥$îU ^{³V - gyaXmg

c) ar{VH$mb Am¡a {~hmarbmb

d) ZmQ>H$ H$m {dH$mg Am¡a O¶e§H$a àgmX

e) {hÝXr gm{hË¶ H$m H$mb {d^mOZ

3) {hÝXr ‘| AZwdmX H$s{OE&

Patriotism is a love of one’s own country. This virtue urges men to do all they can for the

good of their native land. To a patriot nothing is dearer than his own country. Great

patriots even give up their wealth, their position in life, their near and dear ones, hey their

own lives for their country.

————————

(DSAN 21 (NR))




Part I — Sanskrit

Paper II — DRAMA, CHAMPU, PROSE, HISTORY OF LITERATURE, ALANKARAS,

TRANSLATION AND GRAMMAR

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Answer the following questions :

CÎma§ {bIV

i) hf©dY©Zñ` n[aM`mË_H§$ {Z~ÝY_oH§$ {bIV

ii) ZmJmZÝXàW_m‘ñ` H$Wmgma§ {bIV

iii) D$é^“o ^mgñ` M[aÌ{MÌUMmVwat gmoXmhaU§ {Zê$n`V

iv) lrH¥$îUñ` _¡Ìr - B{V nmR>ñ` gma§ {b{IV

2) i) {dœm{_Ìñ` ~«÷{f©Ëdàm{áH$Wm§ {dd¥UwV

ii) "{^fOmo ¡fÁ`§' B{V H$Wm`m… gma§ {bIV

3) Explain the following with reference to context

gg§X ª ì`m»`mV

i) Am`mg… Ibw amÁ`_wpÁPVJwamo…

ii) {ZXm}fXe©Zm {h H$Ý`H$m ^dpÝV

iii) ñd§ Xoh_Ym}naV§ dhm{_

iv) gÝÜ`mdJm‹T> Bd n{ü_H$mbgy ©…

v) Ah_Ì {^jwH$ ê$noU AmJVmo@pñ_

vi) bo o {ÌeL>²>Hw$J©JZo à{Vð>m_²

vii) qH$ H$V©ì`Vm_yT>m… Vo J«m_rUm…

viii) Ah_od _moT>mo@pñ_ `oZ Vñ` ^md… Z kmV…

4) Write a brief note on the following:

bKwQ>rH$m§ {bIV

i) e‘amMm © …

ii) _mK…

iii) n#mVÝÌ_²

iv) ~mU^Å>…

————————

(DSAN 21 (NR))




Part I — Sanskrit

Paper II — DRAMA, CHAMPU, PROSE, HISTORY OF LITERATURE, ALANKARAS,

TRANSLATION AND GRAMMAR

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Write and illustrate the Alankaras.

Ab§H$ma`mo… bjUmoXmhaUo {bIV

i) XrnH$_²

ii) CËnojm

iii) Cn_m

iv) {damoYm^mg…

2) Write the forms of the following sabdas in the given case :

{Z{X©f¥{d^{º$fw ê$nm{U {bIV :

i) Ob_wM² - gá_r

ii) ^JdV² - àW_m

iii) nMV² - Znw§ - àW_m

iv) Jw{UZ² - V¥Vr`m

v) _Z… - MVwWu

vi) qH$ - ór - n#m_r

vii) EVX² - nw§ - {ÛVr`m

viii) Añ_X² - n#m_r

3) Write the forms of the following adding the given Terminations :

VÎmËàË``mZ² `moO{`Ëdm {bIV :

i) nm - º$

ii) dM² - Vw_Z²

iii) H¥$V² - ŠËdm

iv) Xm - º$dVw

v) JU² - AV²

vi) H$W² - Vì`

vii) {d - a_² - b`d²

viii) {O - eV¥

4) Translate the following sentences into Telugu or English :

AmÝY« mfm`m§ Am§½b^mfm`m§ dm AZwdXV :

i) CÎm_§ ñdm{O©V§ {dÎm_²

ii) gwH¥$V§ XþîH¥$V§ M¡d JÀN>ÝV§ AZwJÀN>{V

iii) K¥VoZ dY©Vo ~w{Õ…

iv) {dÛmZ² gd©Ì nyÁ`Vo

v) àmáo Vw fmoS>eo df} nwÌ§ {_ÌdXmMaoV²

vi) YZ§ BÀN>oV² hþVmeZmV²

vii) YZmV² Y_ª VV… gwI_²

viii) `Wm amOm VWm àOm…

——————

(DBME 21)


B.B.A. / B.B.M. DEGREE EXAMINATION.


Part II — BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Paper - I : MACRO ECONOMICS

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Explain the importance of Macro Economics.

2) Define National Income and explain the problems in estimating National Income.

3) Examine the Keyne’s theory of employment.

4) Critically examine the concept of multiplier.

5) Discuss Keynesian Liquidity preference theory of Demand for money.

(DBME 21)





Paper - I : MACRO ECONOMICS

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Briefly explain Acceleration principle.

2) Explain Qualitative and Quantitative credit controls.

3) Functions of Reserve Bank of India.

4) Examine the limitations of national income as an indicator of economic welfare.

5) Planned Economy is the only way to prevent - business cycle. Discuss.

(DBBS 21)





Paper - II : BUSINESS STATISTICS

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) a) What are the precautiuons that should be taken in the use of secondary data.

b) What is a statistical table? What are its parts?

2) Draw the suitable bar diagram showing the working population of men, women and

children during the year 2007 in three states from the following data:

Population Karnataka Andhra Maharashtra

Men 40,00,000 45,00,000 50,00,000

Women 25,00,000 30,00,000 38,00,000

Children 18,00,000 20,00,000 22,00,000

3) a) Calculate the median for the following data:

More than: 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Frequency: 115 103 88 68 43 23 13 3

b) Regression equations of two variables X and Y are as follows:

3x+2y-26 = 0

6x+y-31= 0

Find:

i) The means

ii) The regression coefficients.

4) Define probability. State various laws of probability.

5) What are the factors that should be kept in mind while drafting a research report?

(DBBS 21)





Paper - II : BUSINESS STATISTICS

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) From the following table, calculate the coefficient of correlation by Karl Pearson’s method:

X : 6 2 10 4 8

Y : 9 11 ? 8 7

Arithmetic means of X and Y series are 6 and 8 respectively.

2) a) State the procedure involved in research.

b) Using Lagranges interpolation formula, find the estimate of y corresponding to

x 10 from the following data.

x : 5 6 9 11

y = f(x) : 12 13 14 16

3) What are the applications of ANOVA in social sciences?

4) What is t-distribution and explain some of its applications.

5) Describe the process of designing a questionnaire, the steps involved and guidelines that

must be followed at each step.

(DBBF 21)





Paper - III : BASIC BUSINESS FINANCE

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Explain the nature and scope of business finance.

2) Name various types of preference shares and state their features.

3) Enumerate the sources of short term finance for an organization.

4) Critically examine the computation of weighted average cost of capital.

5) How can we measure optimum capital structure in a company?

(DBBF 21)





Paper - III : BASIC BUSINESS FINANCE

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Enumerate the causes and consequences of over capitalisation.

2) Discuss the importance of working capital for a manufacturing firm.

3) Examine the Walter’s views on dividend policy.

4) What are the considerations of credit policy?

5) When does merger make sense?

(DBFM 21)





Paper - IV : FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Define marketing management and state its objectives.

2) What is the impact of technological and political environment on marketing decisions?

3) State the factors that influence purchase and repeat purchase decisions.

4) Discuss the tools employed to promote sales.

5) Enumerate the basis of market segmentation.

(DBFM 21)





Paper - IV : FUNDAMENTALS OF MARKETING

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Outline the various stages involved in new product development.

2) Classify products with suitable examples.

3) Discuss the merits and demerits of different kinds of advertising media.

4) Enumerate various methods of pricing followed by Indian industry.

5) Elucidate the services rendered by wholesaler and retailer in the channel of distribution.

(DBPPM 21)





Paper - V : PRINCIPLES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Explain the roles of personnel manager.

2) Distinguish between traditional and modern methods of performance appraisal.

3) What are the basic principles of wage and salary administration?

4) ‘Employee is an asset to organization’. Discuss.

5) Suggest measures to reduce absenteeism in an organization.

(DBPPM 21)





Paper - V : PRINCIPLES OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT

Maximum : 20 MARKS


1) Discuss the pre-requisites for successful collective bargaining.

2) What are the reasons for poor industrial relations in India?

3) Outline the objectives of training. State contents of a training programme.

4) What are the modern sources of recruitment?

5) Explain the different forms of worker’s participation in management.

Documents

DENG 21) ASSIGNMENT - Welcome to ANUCDEanucde.info/DEC15ASSIGN/164-2.pdf · iii) We shall choose death if we cannot forget -----. 1) Rest 2) Quarrel 3) Soul 4) Death iv) The antonym