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DENIM: Finding a Tighter Fit with Web Design Practice
James Lin, Mark W. Newman, Jason I. Hong, James A. Landay
April 6, 2000CHI 2000, The Hague
http://guir.berkeley.edu
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Informal User Interfaces
Take advantage of natural modes of interaction* speaking* gesturing* writing* sketching
Without extensive recognition
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Informal User Interfaces
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Outline
Investigation into web design The DENIM system Evaluation Future work and conclusion
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Investigation into Web Design
Interviews with 11 professional web site designers* focus on specific projects and artifacts
+ “take me through a recent project”+ artifacts were collected and analyzed
Designers were* from 5 different companies* representative of different specialties
+ information architects+ creative directors/project managers+ graphic designers+ all-of-the-above (esp. smaller firms)
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Multiple Views
Designers create representations of sites at multiple levels of detail
Web sites are iteratively refined at all levels of detail
Site Maps Storyboards Schematics Mock-ups
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Site Maps
High-level, coarse-grained view of entire site
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Storyboards
Interaction sequence, minimal page level detail
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Individual Pages
Schematic Mock-up
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Sketching
All designers sketched
... at all levels
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Converting to Electronic Media
Sketching less than they wanted to* “professionalism”: perceived need to present
ideas formally
Ease of incremental modification “The beginning of each step I’ll do on paper.
As soon as I feel like I’m going to be doing any design revisions, I’ll move to [an electronic tool]... because it’s easier to make changes to these things.”
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Implications for a Web Design Tool
Support multiple views Sketching is a reasonable approach
* retain advantages of informal representations* gain advantages of electronic media
Support transformations to more formal representations* currently not supported
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DENIM: Designing Web Sites by Sketching
Early-phase information & navigation design
Integrates multiple views* Site map – storyboard – page
sketch
Supports informal interaction* Sketching, pen-based interaction
Implementation * Java 2, SATIN
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Outline
Investigation into web design The DENIM system Evaluation Future work and conclusion
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DENIM
Canvas
Zoom Slider
Toolbox
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DENIM: Site Map View
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DENIM: Storyboard View
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DENIM: Sketch View
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Video
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DENIM: Creating Pages
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DENIM: Creating Pages
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DENIM: Gestures
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DENIM: Gestures
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DENIM: Gestures
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DENIM: Organizational Arrows
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DENIM: Organizational Arrows
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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents
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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents
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DENIM: Sketching Page Contents
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DENIM: Storyboard View
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DENIM: Panning
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DENIM: Navigational Arrows
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DENIM: Navigational Arrows
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DENIM: Navigational Arrows
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DENIM: Tools
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DENIM: Tools
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DENIM: Pie Menus
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DENIM: Pie Menus
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DENIM: Run Mode
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Outline
Investigation into web design The DENIM system Evaluation Future work and conclusion
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Informal Evaluation
Evaluation focused on* usefulness of basic functionality* usability of basic interaction
7 participants* 5 work mostly on web projects* 1 designer of non-web UIs* 1 usability manager of a large software
company
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Platform Used for Evaluation
Evaluation system* IBM 300 MHz
Pentium II laptop, Win NT 4.0
* ITI VisionMaker Sketch 14 display tablet
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Tasks
Draw in Microsoft Paint* get used to the tablet
Modify existing design in DENIM* add new page* link page to site* interact with site* get used to DENIM
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Tasks (cont’d)
Design task* 45-60 minutes to create “ForRent.com”
web site* provided
+competitive analysis+market research on what renters,
landlords want+what client company wanted
* wanted to see+how participants approached realistic
design task+how they used DENIM to help design
* extra motivation: $250 for best design
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During the experiment* critical incidents* general comments and reactions* types of actions they did at each zoom level
Post-questionnaire* reaction to DENIM in terms of
+communication+expressiveness+fit with current practices
* background & experience
Data Collection
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Summary of Results
Web designers rated it highly in* usefulness* communication with team members* expressiveness* quick iteration* efficiency
…but found it lacking in terms of* handwriting* linking pages* communication with clients
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Positive Feedback
Liked the different views integrated
“I usually [create site maps] in PowerPoint, then I go back to the navigational flow, then I go back to PowerPoint… And here it would be so easy to do that iterative kind of thing.”
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Positive Feedback
Liked informal interaction
“You draw a box in Illustrator or Freehand or Quark, and it’s got attributes that have to be dealt with, and it interrupts the thought process.... It’s nice to be able to get rid of all the business with the pictures and all the definite object attributes. That is such a hassle.”
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Usability Issues
Hard time linking pages* pages were too small to draw arrows, or* could only see one of the pages at enough
detail* solutions implemented
+hide pages in site map view+auto pan
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Usability Issues
Handwriting was difficult* writing surface was too smooth* application feedback was sometimes slow* automatic word grouping was poor* solutions implemented
+improved performance+improved inking & grouping algorithms
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Future Work
“Cleaned up” sketches* for presentations to clients
History and versioning* so designers can keep track of design’s
evolution
Support for more sophisticated interfaces* web form-based apps* “traditional” GUIs
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Conclusion
DENIM supports web design practice* integrated multiple views* sketching
DENIM adds to current practice* lo-fi interactive
prototypes* advantages of
electronic media
Download DENIM athttp://guir.berkeley.edu/projects/denim
http://guir.berkeley.edu
Download SATIN athttp://guir.berkeley.edu/projects/satin