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Deobandi

The Deobandi (Urdu: بندیو ) is a Sunni Muslim [1] Islamic revivalist movement

which has spread to many countries, such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, South Africa and

the United Kingdom.[2][3][4]

Deobandi is not a separate sect of Islam but the name derives from the town of 

Deoband, (Uttar Pradesh) India, where the school of thought Darul Uloom Deoband is

situated. Deobandis follow the fiqh of Abu Hanifa and the Aqidah of Abu Mansur 

Maturidi.[1]

Contents

• 1 Tenets

•

2 History• 3 Notable Deobandi movements

• 4 Present

o 4.1 Prominent Scholars

o 4.2 Prominent Adherents

• 5 In the United Kingdom

• 6 Condemnation of terrorism

• 7 Controversy and Criticism

• 8 See also

• 9 References

• 10 Bibliography

• 11 External links

Tenets

Deobandi thought has five main principles, which are:[citation needed ]

1. Tawhid: Abrahamic Monotheism (of God); no one shares His attributes.

2. Sunna: Following the methodology of Muhammad.

3. Ḥubbus-Sahaba: Following the methodology of companions of Muhammad.

4. Taqlid wal-Ittibā: Giving preference to the jurisprudence of one of the earliest jurists of Islam over that of later jurists.

5. Jihād fī Sabīlil-Lāh: Doing Jihād (Striving for the good, in the name of God).

History

The Deobandi movement developed as a reaction to the British colonialism in India,

which was believed by Muslim theologians to be corrupting Islam. Fearing its

consequences, a group of Indian Hanafi Islamic scholars (Ulama) led by Maulana

Qasim Nanotwi founded an Islamic seminary known as Darul Uloom Deoband . It is

here that the Islamic revivalist and anti-British ideology of the Deobandis began todevelop.

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Gradually, through organisations such as Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and Tablighi Jamaat, 

their influence began to spread, and hundreds of schools and Darul Ulooms affiliated

with Deoband sprouted. Notable Hanafi seminaries of Deobandi school include:

 Nadwatul-Ulama in Lucknow, India, Darul Uloom Karachi, Karachi, Jamia Binoria

[1]Karachi, Jami'ah Ashrafiyah, Lahore, Pakistan.

Early Deobandi scholars include Sheikh Qasim Nanotwi, Sheikh Rasheed Ahmad

Gangohi, Sheikh Sayyid Husain Ahmed Madani, Sheikh Ashraf Ali Thanvi, Sheikh

Mohammad Ilyas Kandhalawi Dehlawi, Sheikh Ubaidullah Sindhi, and Sheikh

Muhammad Zakariya al-Kandhalawi.

Other prominent adherent of the past include Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Allama

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, who led the funeral prayer for the founding father of 

Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah.

Notable Deobandi movementsDawah (Tableeg)

• Tablighi Jamaat

• Tanzeem-e-Islami

Education

• Jamia Binoria [2]

• Jamia Ashrafia [3]

• Darul 'Uloom Karachi [4]

Political

• Jamiat-e-Ulema-e-Hind

• Jamiat-e-Ulama-e-Islam

• Jamaat-e-Islami

• Tahreek-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Muhammadi (TNSM)

• Taliban (Afghanistan)

• Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP)

Present

Prominent Scholars

Prominent contemporary Deobandi scholars include:

• Hazrat Sheikh Sarfraz Khan Safdar (Gujranwala, Pakistan)

• Qazi Mazhar Hussain (Late) (Chakwal, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Sheikh Saleemullah Khan, Chairperson, Wifaq al-Madaris Pakistan

(Karachi, Pakistan)• Hazrat Sheikh Mohammad Hasan Bodhanvi (United Kingdom)

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• Allama Khalid Mehmood, Currently Justice, Sharia Appellate Bench of the

Supreme Court of Pakistan and Director of Islamic Academy Manchester 

• Hazrat Sheikh Arshad Madani (Lecturer of Hadith Darul Uloom

Deoband,India)

• Mufti Taqi Usmani, Retired Justice, Sharia Appellate Bench of the Supreme

Court of Pakistan and Vice President of Jamia Darul Uloom Karachi (Karachi,Pakistan)

• Mufti Rafi Usmani, President, Jamia Darul Uloom Karachi (Karachi, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Mufti Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri, Senior  Hadith Lecturer (Shaykh al-

Hadith) (Deoband, India)

• Sheikh Zar Wali Khan, Founder (Shaykh ul-Hadith wal-Tafsir) Jamia Arabia

Ahsan ul-Uloom (Karachi, Pakistan)

• Mufti Nawal ar-Rahman (Chicago, U.S.A.)

• Mufti Abdurrauf Sukkharwi (Karachi, Pakistan)

• Mufti Ebrahim Desai (Camperdown, South Africa)

• Sheikh Tariq Jamil (Faisalabad, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Sheikh Yusuf Motala (Bury, United Kingdom)

• Hazrat Sheikh Abdul Hafeez al-Makki (Makkah, Saudi Arabia)

• Hazrat Sheikh Hakeem Muhammad Akhtar (Karachi, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Sheikh Zulfiqar Ahmad Naqshbandi (Jhang, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Mufti Abdul Hayee (Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan)

• Hazrat Abdul Sattar Rahmani (Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan)

• Sheikh Riyadh al-Haq (United Kingdom)

• Hazrat Sheikh Mufti Mahmood

• Sheikh Fazal-ur-Rehman

• Sheikh Sami ul Haq

Prominent Adherents

Maulana Tariq Jamil from Pakistan, is a well-known and prominent member of 

Tablighi Jamaat, a movement founded by Darul Uloom Deoband's Maulana

Muhammad Ilyas It is an apolitical, pacifist, spiritual and entirely dedicated to

reformation of the beliefs of people.

Some famous people who have joined Tablighi Jamaat, are celebrated cricketers 

including Shahid Afridi, Inzamam ul Haq, Mohammad Yousuf , Saqlain Mushtaq, 

Hashim Amla (South African Batsman); former Pakistani cricketers including Saeed

Anwar , Salim Malik ; eminent directors and producers including Naeem Butt;

renowned pop stars including Junaid Jamshaid; famed actors and models including

Mueen Akhtar , Hammad Khan Jadoon; well-recognized politicians including Arbab

Ghulam Rahim.Ubiad Ullah Bhutto,Mohammad Anwar Bhutto[Cousin of Zulfiqar ali

Bhutto]Saeed Baloch ; several business men, industrialists, millionaires and many

others.

In the United Kingdom

According to The Times, about 600 of Britain's nearly 1,400 mosques are run by

Deobandi affiliated scholars, and 17 of the country's 26 Islamic seminaries follow

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Deobandi teachings, producing about 80 percent of all domestically trained Muslim

clerics.[2][3][5]

Condemnation of terrorism

In February 2008, an "Anti-terrorism Conference" organized by the seminary Darul

Uloom in Deoband, Uttar Pradesh, denounced all forms of terrorism, saying "Islam

 prohibits killing of innocent people," and "Islam sternly condemns all kinds of 

oppression, violence and terrorism." The conference also denounced widespread

attempts to blame religious Muslims for terrorist incidents and many Muslim clerics

declare terrorism as a concept that is antithetical to Islam.

Controversy and Criticism

Conflict with Barelvis

Some Barelvi leaders have pronounced takfir on Deobandis for writings deemed to be

against the Quran and Sunnah.[6] In May 2001, riots broke out in Pakistan after the

assassination of a leader of the Barelvi movement by Sipah Sahaba Pakistan, a group.[7]

Salafi Criticism

Salafi scholars criticise Deobandis for:

•

Frequent ta'weel of the attributes of Allah.

[8]

• Doing Taqleed (following one Imam)

• Tawassul, which the salafis deem to be shirk (idolatry).

• Believing in Tasawwuf (Sufism)

See also

• Islam in India

• Islam in Pakistan

• Islam in the United Kingdom

References

1. ^ a b http://darululoom-deoband.com/english/aboutdarululoom/the_tack.htm Official

Site of Darul Uloom Deoband

2. ^ a b Hardline takeover of British mosques -Times Online

3. ^ a b A toxic mix of fact and nonsense | Comment is free | guardian.co.uk 

4. ^ Forked Tongues -Times Online

5. ^ "Few people realise the extent to which the Deobandis have infiltrated mosques,

schools and Muslim neighbourhoods across the country. The ultra-conservative

movement, with modern roots in Pakistan’s madrassas, now controls more than 600

mosques. It runs 17 of Britain’s 26 Islamic seminaries, and they produce 80 per centof home-trained Muslim clerics." Times Online September 7, 2007

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6. ^ http://www.sunnirazvi.org/library/booklets/deoband.htm#Beliefs%20of 

%20deobandi,%20tablighi%20&%20wahabi%20groups

7. ^ The Hindu : Opinion / Leader Page Articles : Serious threat to Pakistan's civil

society

8. ^ "And the suitable ta'weel of the verses has been performed by our imaams based on

the correct language and religion, so that those with less understanding may

comprehend them, for example Istawaa which implies victory and Hand which

implies power." Maulana Khaleel Ahmad Saharanpuri, Al-Mahnad 'ala al-Mufnad