Department of Energy Office of Science The DOE High Energy Physics Program Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics DOE Office of Science Fundamental

Department of Energy

Office of Science

The DOE High Energy Physics The DOE High Energy Physics Program Program

Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics

DOE Office of Science

Fundamental Physics in Space ConferenceWarrenton, VAMay 24, 2006

Kathy Turner, 24May2006 2


Office of Science

DOE Office of DOE Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)High Energy Physics (HEP)

Connections between the physics of elementary particles and the physics thatdetermines the structure of the universe

HEP Office supports ~ 90% of U.S. HighEnergy Physics and coordinates with NSF,NASA and international efforts

We coordinate our program with theNational Science Foundation (NSF), NASA and International Efforts

Goal is to Explore the Fundamental Interactions of Energy, Matter, Time, and Space Understand the unification of fundamental particles and forces and the

mysterious forms of unseen energy and matter that dominate the universe Search for possible new dimensions of space


Office of Science

Accelerator-based physics is our primary tool Top quarks, Higgs search, extra dimensions, supersymmetry;

neutrino studies, b-quarks, CP violationOperating experiments: Accelerator Physics

CDF and DZero Fermilab Tevatron Top quark, Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions

MiniBooNE Fermilab Main Injector Neutrino mixingBaBar SLAC B-factory Matter-antimatter, b quark,

CP violation K2K Japan Neutrino mixing MINOS Fermilab Main Injector Neutrino mixing (long

baseline)BES China (IHEP) charm and bottom quarks

Under Construction:

ATLAS & CMS CERN Large Hadron Collider Higgs, SUSY, extra dimensions

Proposed or Future Planning:International Linear Collider Higgs, SUSY, extra

dimensionsElectron Neutrino Appearance Experiment Neutrino mass, mixing,

hierarchyHigh Intensity Neutrino Beam Neutrino mass, mixing,

hierarchy

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)- Components of the Program- Components of the Program



Office of Science

Today’s Tools:Today’s Tools:Currently Running U.S. HEP Accelerator Currently Running U.S. HEP Accelerator

ExperimentsExperiments

B-factory at SLACB-factory at SLACNeutrinos @ MINOSNeutrinos @ MINOSTevatron at FermilabTevatron at Fermilab



Office of Science

Tomorrow’s ToolTomorrow’s ToolATLAS@CERNATLAS@CERN


Office of Science

Non-accelerator physics – a growing and important sector Atmospheric, solar and reactor Neutrinos, dark matter, dark energy,high energy cosmic & gamma raysOperating experiments Physics

Super-K, KamLAND in Japan Proton decay, neutrino mixing

Sloan Digital Sky Survey 3D sky map, dark energy

Supernova Cosmology Project, Nearby Supernova Factory dark energyCryogenic Dark Matter Search (CDMS) dark matter in

cosmic raysApproved & Under Construction:

Large Area Telescope (LAT) – on NASA GLAST mission gamma rays, dark matter

Pierre Auger – ground array in Argentina high energy cosmic rays

AMS – Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer – on ISS cosmic antimatterVERITAS – telescope in Arizona high energy gamma

raysAxion Dark Matter eXperiment (ADMX) dark matter search

Proposed (far from an exhaustive list):Reactor Neutrino Experiment – Daya Bay Neutrino mixingJoint Dark Energy Mission (JDEM) – space based dark energyLarge-aperture Survey Telescope (LST) – ground-based dark energyDark Energy Survey Telescope (DES) – ground-based dark energyEnriched Xenon Observatory (EXO) Majorana neutrino

mass

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)- Components of the Program- Components of the Program



Office of Science

Other Components of the Program are:• Theory – elementary particles and fields• Technology R&D - for accelerator and detector technologies

Plans for FY 2007- President’s Budget Request is ~8% increase• Fully support our operating facilities: Tevatron at Fermilab and

B-factory at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) • Increased support for Large Hadron Collider experiments as

construction completes & for our research program• R&D for new initiatives

Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)Office of High Energy Physics (HEP)



Office of Science

Plans for FY 2007 R&D Investment in Future Initiatives: • International Linear Collider• new neutrino experiments – accelerator & reactor• long-term accelerator technologies• Dark Energy - Increase R&D for ground- and space-based

concepts

• We are entering the age of the Terascale energies– The reigning theory (Standard Model) is as precise

as it is incomplete.– How the weak and electromagnetic forces unify is a

mystery …but the consequences are likely dramatic• Dark Energy & Dark Matter (what the … is it?)• Neutrinos – what are they and how do they interact?

The Scientific Context - The Scientific Context - DiscoveryDiscovery



Office of ScienceAdvisory PanelsAdvisory Panels

High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP) – reports to DOE and NSF- Expanded to 20 members, with members from Europe and Asia

AAAC – reports to DOE, NASA, NSF

Panels Reports to Topic(s) Reports

Due/Approved

CMB Task Force HEPAP & AAAC Roadmap future initiatives Oct 2005

P5 HEPAP B-factory + Tevatron Ops Nov 2005 Roadmap New mid-scale initiatives End 2006

NuSAG HEPAP & NSAC Double Beta Decay Exp’ts Sept 2005

Reactor and off-axis expt’s Feb 2006Super neutrino beam Feb 2007

HEP Resources HEPAP Are there enough physicists Jan 2006to run the program?

ILC & LHC HEPAP ILC/LHC “synergy” Mar 2006

Dark Energy HEPAP & AAAC Dark Energy techniques May 2006Task Force

AARD HEPAP US Accel R&D program July 2006

Dark Matter SAG HEPAP & AAAC Direct Dark Matter experiments Feb 2007



Office of Science

National Academies Panel National Academies Panel Elementary Particle Physics in Elementary Particle Physics in

the 21the 21stst Center (EPP2010) Center (EPP2010)

• A new “decadal survey”– Lay out the grand questions that are driving our field– Describe the opportunities that are ripe for discovery– Identify the tools that are necessary to achieve the

scientific goals– Articulate the connections to other sciences and to society– Foster emerging worldwide collaboration– Recommend a 15 year implementation plan with realistic,

ordered priorities• Not a typical high energy physics advisory panel. It includes

– Non-physicists• Strengthen connections with society• Sharpen the physics questions

– Non-particle physicists• Engage other scientific communities

– International participants• Place US HEP in the international setting



Office of Science

NRC PanelNRC PanelElementary Particle Physics in the Elementary Particle Physics in the

2121stst Center (EPP2010) Center (EPP2010)

Committee Chair: Harold T. Shapiro, president emeritus and professor of economics

and public affairs, Princeton

Draft report release on 4/28/06 – www.nationalacademies.org/bpa/epp2010.html

Recommendations in priority order:

1. Fully exploit the opportunities for U.S. involvement at the Large Hadron Collider

(LHC) at CERN

2. Comprehensive program to become the world-leading center for R&D for the

International Linear Collider (ILC) and mount a compelling to build it in the U.S.

3. Expand the program in particle astrophysics and pursue an internationally

coordinated, staged program in neutrino physics.

Now will show some of our astrophysics and cosmology related efforts & projects



Office of Science

Dark Energy – Planning & Dark Energy – Planning & FutureFuture

Investigating future space and/or ground telescopes in cooperation with NASA and NSF. Dark Energy Projects are being considered by P5 panel. Planning how to review and select which project(s) go forward – in view of DETF report

Continue to plan a Joint Dark Energy Mission with NASA & we’re open to the possibility of International Collaboration

• High priority in DOE Strategic Plan• DOE/NASA Science Definition Team

Dark Energy R&D:

Doing R&D for SuperNova Acceleration Probe (SNAP) concept for JDEM

Labs doing small amount of R&D for DES (Dark Energy Survey) and LSST (Large-scale Synoptic Survey Telescope)

In FY07 Request, additional R&D of ~$5M available – ground and/or space concepts will be selected by open competition; DETF will guide us

– funding levels reflect tentative plan which may change based upon advice from DETF and other relevant considerations

Taking Data: Nearby Supernova Factory – continues operations; measurements of nearby supernovae Supernova Cosmology Project

• Operations continuing using ground telescopes & Hubble measurements to collect statistics and refine results Sloan Digital Sky Survey


Office of Science

Office of High Energy Physics ProgramSloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS)

Mosaic Imaging Camera

Telescope in New Mexico

Data - Galaxy surveys, dark matter, dark energy- June 2005 – 4th public data release

Taking data since 1998- Approved for additional data-taking thru summer 2008

Funding: Sloan Foundation, NSF, DOE, Japan, Germany

Science News: Jan. 2005 – first baryon oscillation measurement

640 fiber spectrograph



Office of ScienceCryogenic Dark Matter SearchCryogenic Dark Matter Search

Purpose: direct detection of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPS)Location - Soudan Mine in MinnesotaData-taking: partial operations started in 2003, full operations with 5 towers starting soon & will continue in FY07

CDMS detector

Blue line – new resultsDotted Blue line – expected full results

Results – April 2005…set the world's lowest exclusion limits on the WIMP cross section by a factor of 10 compared to other experiments, ruling out a significant range of neutralino supersymmetric models.

Also have Axion Dark Matter Search (ADMX) experiment at Lawrence Livermore Lab in California – another possible form of Dark Matter



Office of Science

Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray Pierre Auger – high energy cosmic ray detector array (w/NSF & foreign partners)detector array (w/NSF & foreign partners)

Current status (April 2006) - 18 (out of 24) fluorescence telescopes operating; rest under construction - 1128 (out of 1600) surface Cherenkov detectors deployed, ~ 1000 operating

Search for Very High Energy cosmic rays

3000 km2 site in Argentina

As of Fall 2003, it became the largest air-shower detector in the world

Fluorescence telescopes

Water Cherenkov surface detectors

Partial operations have started – construction expected to be completed by early 2007 First science results out in Summer 2005 - a new cosmic ray spectrum at the highest energies; the results of anisotropy and point source searches; and new limits on the photon content of the primaries



Office of Science

VERITASVERITAS(Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array

System)System)

Status: Plan is to build at Kitt Peak. In April 2005, work at Kitt Peak was stopped to redo

the NEPA and NHPA process could be redone according to specifications

– NSF is leading the process with DOE cooperating.

Had “government to government” meeting with Tohono O’odham Nation in January 2006

Plan is to install and commission the telescopes at the Whipple Basecamp while waiting for Kitt Peak access. A 2-year engineering run will start in 2007.

Artist’s conception – 4 telescope array

Scientific Purpose: Study of celestial sources of very high energy gamma-ray sources in the energy range of 100 GeV- 50 TeV & search for dark matter candidates

- Atmospheric Cherenkov 4 12m telescope array w/500 pixel cameras

- Energy range 100 GeV – 50 TeV- Angular resolution ~ 4’- Crab rate ~ 50 photons/minute

Funding: NSF, DOE + contributions from Smithsonian & foreign institutions

Two telescope array at Whipple Basecamp



Office of Science

GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT)GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT)

LAT is the primary instrument on NASA’s Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) mission -- Collaboration between NASA, DOE, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden & managed at SLAC.• Shipped from SLAC to NRL for environmental testing in mid-May• GLAST launch scheduled for September, 2007• Successful DOE/NASA partnership!

GLAST will have a very broad science menu that includes:• Systems with supermassive black holes (Active Galactic Nuclei)• Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs)• Pulsars• Solar physics• Origin of Cosmic Rays• Probing the era of galaxy formation, optical-UV background light• Solving the mystery of the high-energy unidentified sources• Discovery! Particle Dark Matter? Other relics from the Big Bang? Extra dimensions? Testing Lorentz invariance. New source classes.

GLAST draws the interest of both the the High Energy Particle Physics and High Energy Astrophysics communities. GLAST is the highest-ranked initiative in its category in the

National Academy of Sciences 2000 Decadal Survey Report.


Office of Science

AMS - Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

w/NASA + foreign partners

• Search for dark matter, missing matter & antimatter on the International Space Station

• Prototype (AMS-01)

took data on STS-91 in 1998

• AMS-02 fabrication complete in 2005; integration and test to be completed in 2007

• Plan is for a Shuttle Launch and deployment on ISS -- launch date is currently unknown.



Office of Science

High Energy Physics High Energy Physics ProgramProgram

In years to come, we are looking forward to exciting

new discoveries at the TeV scale, with neutrinos and in

finding out what the stuff is that the majority of the

universe is made of – dark matter, dark energy

Documents

Department of Energy Office of Science The DOE High Energy Physics Program Kathy Turner Office of High Energy Physics DOE Office of Science Fundamental