Department of Social Welfare · 2019-10-21 · Government of Bihar Preface In the last decade, Bihar has taken several forward strides to improve governance, strengthen infrastructure,

Atul Prasad, IAS Principal Secretary Department of Social Welfare Government of Bihar

Message

This Gender Report Card is a vital measure of the transformationalapproaches undertaken in the State in order to achieve equitable socio-economic development and gender parity. This provides importantinformation on the health, education, water and sanitation, social, economicand political empowerment of women and girls in Bihar. This report card will serve as an annual stock taking initiative, empoweringpolicy practitioners to assess the progress made year-on-year. Though wehave come far, we can go further in improving the lives and futures of womenand girls. I hope that this report card inspires policy practitioners to seek outareas that warrant urgent attention and enables them to design innovativeinterventions to advance the progress of women and girls in Bihar.

(Atul Prasad) Principal Secretary

Department of Social Welfare Government of Bihar

Dr. N. Vijaya Laxmi, IAS Managing Director Women Development Corporation Government of Bihar

PrefaceIn the last decade, Bihar has taken several forward strides to improve governance,strengthen infrastructure, stimulate the economy, and advance social developmentthrough gains in education and health, especially for women and girls. This GenderReport Card takes stock of the progress made by Bihar in improving its health,education, water and sanitation, social, political and economic empowermentoutcomes for women and girls. These indicators are needed, now more than everbefore, to monitor the progress and impact of several flagship schemes launched bythe Government of Bihar and through implementation of State Policy for WomenEmpowerment. Although this report takes note of several improvements in many key indicators, italso points to the challenges facing Bihar today and places it in the larger nationalcontext and the progress in other states. It brings to the forefront a number ofemerging issues, particularly in the social and economic empowerment of women andgirls. These issues are central to the State Policy for Women Empowerment, and are apriority for the Government as it embarks on the next stage of Bihar’s social andeconomic development. This report card also provides information on a number ofindicators included under Sustainable Development Goal 5: Achieving GenderEquality and Empowering all Women and Girls, which Bihar is committed toaccomplishing. I hope that the information given in this report card will enable policy makers andprogramme managers to plan focused strategies to empower women and girls inBihar. I also hope that this will be of immense help to all the committed individualsworking in the area of gender empowerment, seeking to improve the lives and futuresof women and girls in this large and diverse state. I would like to thank Centre forCatalyzing Change (C3) for preparing this report in collaboration with WDC, as part ofthe Initiative for What Works, Bihar. I would also like to acknowledge the Bill andMelinda Gates Foundation for supporting this initiative.

(N. Vijaya Laxmi) Managing Director

Women Development Corporation Government of Bihar

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S E C T I O N 1 : H E A L T H A N D

N U T R I T I O N

D E M O G R A P H I C S C E N A R I O

S E C T I O N 2 : E D U C A T I O N

S E C T I O N 3 : W A T E R A N D S A N I T A T I O N

S E C T I O N 4 : S O C I A L E M P O W E R M E N T

S E C T I O N 5 : E C O N O M I C E M P O W E R M E N T

S E C T I O N 6 : P O L I T I C A L E M P O W E R M E N T A N D D E C I S I O N M A K I N G

M E T H O D O L O G Y

B A C K G R O U N D

I N C O N C L U S I O N

R E F E R E N C E S

BACKGROUNDThe state of Bihar has a history of

innovation and early adoption of ideas

to promote gender equality – the Bicycle

Yojana; Mukhyamantri Nari Shakti

Yojana; Gender Budgeting; using

JEEViKA as the vehicle for women’s

empowerment and driving improvements

in health, sanitation and nutrition. The

setting up of the Women Development

Corporation to coordinate initiatives and

lead processes to achieve targets set in

the State Policy for Empowerment of

Women, that are mandated to be

achieved through coordinated efforts of

multiple departments – is indicative of

the government’s commitment to ensure

trasformative programming to reduce

gender gaps.

In 2008, under the flagship Mukhya

Mantri Nari Shakti Yojana, the State

Government committed itself to ensuring

social, economic and cultural

empowerment, based on gender justice

principles. The state’s intent as

elucidated in the Agenda for Good

Governance* is to ensure that the

fundamental rights of women in every

sphere are further strengthened through

the state’s vision to have its own policy

for women’s empowerment - with an

integrated action plan mandating

coordinated working of government

departments to fulfill the common

objective of fostering improved quality

of life for all women and girls.

* Agenda for Good Governance-The Government of Bihar’s Official Gazette Notification 2010.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF THESTATE POLICY FOREMPOWERMENT OFWOMEN:

Reaffirm and pursue a gender,rights-based and inclusiveapproach to foster equality. Ensure access to services forwomen in difficult circumstancesand special focus groups. Identify critical and priority actionsfor appropriate legislation,programme action and monitoringand evaluation support.

State Policy for Empowerment ofWomen will ensure “equitable accessby women irrespective of caste, classand race to economic, education andhealth resources by addressingstructural and institutional barriersand ensuring that gender equality andto ensure that equity transcendsacross all sectors of development.”

VISION

OUTCOMES

Reduce gender disparities in access to, control over and benefit from resources, wealth, opportunities and services - economic, social, political, and cultural.Reduce gender-based violence and mitigate its harmful effects on individuals, women and societies.Increase capability of women and girls to realize their rights, determine their life outcomes, and influence decision-making in households, communities, and societies.

WOMEN AND GIRLS IN BIHAR - TAKING STOCK , LOOKING AHEAD 06

Bihar has taken significant strides over the last decade to improve governance,

catalyze the economy, strengthen infrastructure and most importantly, advance social

development through gains in education and health, especially among women and

girls. These developments have changed the image of the state, from being at the

bottom of various development indices to becoming a model of inclusive and

progressive governance.

PRIORITY AREAS FOR STATE POLICY FOR

EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN

Strict evaluation and plan of action to address the issue of declining female sex ratio and curbing female infanticide, raising social awareness and sensitising men towards female child. Preventing violence and crime against women and girls by empowering women themselves. Improving the overall quality of life in all realms by ensuring education for women and girls and creating an enabling environment for them. Ensuring quality health services and food and nutrition for women. Enhancing employment/earning opportunities by building capacities and skills of women.Ensuring overall growth and development of adolescent girls by ensuring quality education, health, nutrition, food; preventing child labour and exploitation and providing them life skill education. Ensuring effective participation and partnership of women in planning, decision making and governance processes. Providing equal opportunities and essential services/resources to women in difficult situations. Facilitating women participation in the gender audit of the programme expenditure and provision of gender based budgeting and its evaluation. Providing of welfare schemes, preserving their rights for women in the unorganised sector, ensuring their health benefits and exploitation free environment, associated policies and programmes. Ensuring effective implementation of the sexual harassment bill at workplaces, safe and sexual harassment free environment at workplaces and evaluation of the laws implementation. Ensuring active partnership and access of rural and urban women to forest resources, safe water, sanitation and environment. Women partnership in agriculture, animal husbandry, sericulture, fishing and cottage industry. Partnership of women in information technology and building their capacities. Monitoring and evaluation and analysis of the policies and programmes related to women empowerment and preparing annual review and report.


This document summarises the current status and some of the trends pertaining to

women and girls in Bihar. It focuses on indicators that are proposed to be used to

monitor policy implementation and assess its impact in the state:

Status of maternal health, maternal nutrition, use of family planning methods and unmet need for contraception.

HEALTH AND NUTRITION

Literacy gap among male and female; retention rate of girls and boys inClass X.

EDUCATION

Access of households to safe drinking water; reduction in water-borne diseases; access to improved sanitation

WATER AND SANITATION

Number of gender based violence cases reported including reportedcases of unnatural deaths of women; coverage of gender training amongdepartment functionaries and elected representatives; advocacy effortsmade by the state for stakeholders on various gender issues.

SOCIAL EMPOWERMENT

Proportion of women in livelihood schemes, number of girls admitted invocational and technical institutions; proportion of women and men intraining and capacity building programmes; digital literacy; access totechnology

ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT

Number of women elected representatives, proportion of women and men’s participation in Panchayats, women participation in village level committees under all departments; proportion of women and men in advisory boards, empowered /elected bodies.

POLITICAL EMPOWERMENT


METHODOLOGYThe score card for each thematic area and the composite indices have been

calculated using the Range Equalization method, the advantages of which include:

Depiction of the gender status of different parameters for all districts

using a standard methodology and color coding which presents a

snapshot of the prevalent situation for each identified indicator.

Highlights inequities within the state, and helps to identify the districts and

areas lagging behind, requiring focused attention and intervention.

The component index for a category, such as the Education, is obtained by first

making all the Education-linked indicators scale-free. This is done by subtracting an

indicator’s minimum value from each observation and then dividing it by its range.

Without scaling, a composite index can be biased toward an indicator with the

highest range. For example, if youth literacy rate has its range double the size of

percent with post-secondary education, and if they are used as un-scaled variables

in the composite, then youth literacy rate will have an exaggerated impact on the

aggregate.

Steps followed to calculate the component index and aggregate indices:

Calculate the proportion of the value for each of the indicator under each

component.

Next calculate the index by using the Range Equalization method as

described above. The range of the component index value is between 0 to

1; where 1 is the highest value indicating better performing district and 0 is

the lowest value indicating aspiring districts.

The aggregate indices are calculated as average of component index.

The aggregate index for the major indicator indicates the relative

performance for overall thematic areas.

For all the aggregate indices, the color code is based on four equal division of the

range of the index (index value ranging from 0 to 1, where close to 0 is under

performance and close to 1 is good performance). The four divisions are:

Lowest 25% - Very Low performing – Red

Lowest 25-50% - Low performing – Purple

Top 25-50% - Promising - Yellow

Top 25% - Good performing – Green


End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere. Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and genital mutilation. Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres. Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work. Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life.

KEY TARGETS UNDER SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 5: ACHIEVE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER ALL WOMEN AND GIRLS

Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights. Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, access to ownership and control over land and other property, financial services. Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular ICT, to promote the empowerment of women. Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality.


DEMOGRAPHIC SCENARIO

Data Source: Census 2011

0

10

20

30

40

50

Gopalgunj

Siwan

Saran

Kishan

gunj

Nawad

aGay

a

Sheikhpura

Supaul

Arwal

Madhuban

i

Aurangab

ad

Nalanda

Jamui

Jehan

abadBuxa

r

Araria

Purnia

Kaimur

Katihar

Rohtas

Darbhan

ga

Samas

tipur

Madhep

ura

Pashch

im C

hamp.

Bhojpur

Banka

Sahars

a

Purba C

hampara

n

Lakhisa

rai

Muzaffa

rpur

Sitamarh

i

Patna

Begusa

rai

Vaishali

Sheohar

Khagari

a

Bhagalp

ur

Munger

Proportion of female population, Census 2011

50

.5%

48.0

%

47.

4%

48.1

%

47.

4%

47.

5%

47.

4%

48.1

%

47.

3%

48.2

%

47.

3%

48.0

%

48.2

%

47.

6%

47.

2%

48.0

%

48.4

%

47.

6%

47.

2%

47.

6%

48.4

%

47.

7%

47.

2%

47.

7%

48.7

%

47.

7%

47.

0%

48.0

%

48.8

%

47.

9%

46.8

%

47.

9%

49.7

%

47.

9%

46.7

%

48.0

%

47.

9%

48.1

%

BIHAR AVERAGE:

47.9%

Proportion of female population is highest inGopalgunj at 50.5% and lowest in Munger at 46.7%

CENSUS 2011 BIHAR INDIA

TOTAL POPULATION PERCENTAGE DECADAL GROWTH (%) POPULATION DENSITY PER SQ KM PROPORTION OF RURAL POPULATION (%) PROPORTION URBAN POPULATION (%) OVERALL SEX RATIO (FEMALE/1000 MALE) PROPORTION OF CHILD POPULATION (0-6 YEARS) (%) CHILD SEX RATIO (0-6 YEARS) PROPORTION OF SC IN TOTAL POPULATION (%) PROPORTION OF ST IN TOTAL POPULATION (%) LITERACY RATE - TOTAL (%) LITERACY RATE - MALE (%) LITERACY RATE - FEMALE (%)

104,099,452

25.42

1,106

88.71

11.29

918

18.4

935

15.91

1.28

61.80

71.20

51.5

1,21,05,69,573

17.70

382

68.84

31.16

943

13.60

918

16.60

8.60

73.00

80.90

64.6


Sex Ratios in Bihar: Geographic, Age and Demographic Differentials

Sex ratioTotal

(Census)

DISTRICT

921

928

926

907

895

880

907

922

911

937

1021

922

922

920

919

886

950

902

911

926

876

900

922

939

909

897

902

921

918

906

911

954

930

893

899

988

929

895

918

ARARIA ARWAL AURANGABAD BANKA BEGUSARAI BHAGALPUR BHOJPUR BUXAR DARBHANGA GAYA GOPALGUNJ JAMUI JEHANABAD KAIMUR KATIHAR KHAGARIA KISHANGUNJ LAKHISARAI MADHEPURA MADHUBANI MUNGER MUZAFFARPUR NALANDA NAWADA PASHCHIMCHAMPARAN PATNA PURBA CHAMPARAN PURNIA ROHTAS SAHARSA SAMASTIPUR SARAN SHEIKHPURA SHEOHAR SITAMARHI SIWAN SUPAUL VAISHALI BIHAR

923

929

928

908

896

880

910

925

912

943

1025

923

926

921

921

887

952

903

912

928

873

901

924

942

911

904

903

923

921

908

911

958

936

893

900

993

931

895

921

Sex ratio atbirth for

children bornin the last fiveyears (NFHS4)

Sex ratioRural

(Census)

957

940

944

943

919

938

918

934

931

960

954

956

922

942

961

926

971

920

930

936

922

915

931

945

953

909

933

954

931

933

923

926

940

929

930

940

944

904

935

895

915

909

875

891

881

892

893

903

901

969

905

893

889

893

874

926

895

890

899

884

889

913

908

897

887

884

907

899

879

901

912

900

889

876

917

892

890

895

Sex ratioUrban

(Census)

Sex ratio(0-6 years,

Census)

969

932

905

766

955

916

885

962

974

945

1040

900

846

893

860

970

945

934

895

954

878

930

859

983

889

1017

894

912

892

968

1049

976

1013

902

993

980

909

829

934

Sex ratioHindu

population(0-6 years,

Census)

964

1243

1141

1006

953

957

970

911

987

904

966

1009

849

988

963

936

994

1019

891

894

964

894

892

964

960

881

1084

973

982

1058

1026

971

1038

844

951

927

971

843

969

948

940

941

938

911

931

916

930

921

957

953

950

919

940

959

922

978

919

928

927

919

910

929

942

948

906

927

950

927

931

919

922

936

923

924

938

939

900

929

Sex ratio SCpopulation

(0-6 years,

Census)

967

938

980

973

967

970

960

981

964

996

962

999

963

961

963

952

969

933

950

970

957

943

963

972

969

956

960

962

966

943

957

954

1004

956

954

953

964

948

963

Sex ratioMuslim

population(0-6 years,

Census)

Sex ratio STpopulation

(0-6 years,

Census)

955

964

973

969

935

966

954

954

950

992

984

986

962

962

978

939

990

952

951

956

951

951

969

991

971

960

954

958

964

961

948

965

1006

950

945

957

954

946

962

Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB): numberof girls born for every 1,000 boysborn. Sex ratio 0-6 years: number offemales per 1000 males in theage group 0–6 years. These are important indicatorsthat reflect the extent to whichsex selective abortions andfoeticide are being averted.

DEFINITIONS

GUJARAT

- 53 points

STATES RECORDING A SUBSTANTIAL DECREASE IN SRB (>10 POINTS)

BETWEEN 2014-15 AND 2016-2017:*

*Source: NITI Ayog Report (2018)

HARYANA

- 35 points

RAJASTHAN

- 32 points

PUNJAB

+ 19 points

UTTAR PRADESH

+ 10 points

BIHAR

+10 points

STATES RECORDING AN IMPROVEMENT IN SRB BETWEEN

2014-15 AND 2016-2017:*


DISTRICT

MUNGER SAMASTIPUR JEHANABAD ARWAL KHAGARIA LAKHISARAI SHEOHAR BUXAR SAHARSA DARBHANGA BHAGALPUR NALANDA SIWAN SUPAUL JAMUI MADHEPURA SARAN PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN MUZAFFARPUR

% of differently abledwomen in total differently

abled population

38.8

39.7

40.0

40.1

40.3

40.5

40.9

40.9

41.2

41.3

41.4

41.4

41.4

41.7

41.7

41.9

41.9

41.9

42.1

DISTRICT

MADHUBANI VAISHALI ROHTAS PURBA

CHAMPARAN GOPALGANJ SHEIKHPURA BEGUSARAI KATIHAR SITAMARHI KAIMUR BANKA AURANGABAD ARARIA PATNA BHOJPUR NAWADA GAYA PURNIA KISHANGANJ

% of differently abledwomen in total differently

abled population

42.2

42.3

42.3

42.5

42.5

42.6

42.6

42.7

42.7

42.8

42.9

42.9

43.1

43.1

43.4

43.4

44.4

44.7

44.8

Proportion of differently abled women in total differently abled population in Bihar

BIHAR AVERAGE:

42.4%

THE OVERALL FRAMEWORK OF THE STATEPOLICY TAKES STEPS TO ADVANCE

SUBSTANTIVE EQUALITY BY ADDRESSING THECAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF SOCIAL,

ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL EXCLUSION ON ALLWOMEN ESPECIALLY THOSE ON THE MARGINS,

INCLUDING WOMEN WITH DISABILITY


The h ighest propor t ion of d i f fe rent ly ab led women i s i n

Kishangan j at 44 .8% . Women with d isab i l i t y are vu lnerab le

to st igma , v io lence and face mult ip le barr ie rs to access ing

opportun i t ies and resources .


SECT ION 1 - HEALTH AND NUTRIT IONInvesting in the health of women and girls yields multiple social and economic dividends. Improving women and girls’ health, nutrition, and rights lead to long term social and economic progress, both for her immediate family and the wider community.

MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO (MMR, PER 100,000 LIVEBIRTHS) INSTITUTIONAL DELIVERIES (%) MOTHERS WHO HAD AN ANC CHECK-UP IN FIRSTTRIMESTER (%) MOTHERS WHO RECEIVED FULL ANC (%) FEMALE UNDER FIVE MORTALITY RATE (U5MR, PER 1000LIVE BIRTHS) FEMALE INFANT MORTALITY RATE (IMR, PER 1000 LIVEBIRTHS) NEWBORNS WHO WERE BREASTFED WITHIN ONE HOUR

OF BIRTH (%) CHILDREN 12-23 MONTHS FULLY IMMUNIZED (BCG,MEASLES, 3 DOSES EACH OF POLIO AND DPT) (%) FEMALE NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE FEMALE POST NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE CRUDE BIRTH RATE (CBR, PER 1000 POPULATION) TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR) MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING (%) WOMEN 15-24 YEARS USING A HYGIENIC METHOD DURING THEIR MENSTRUAL PERIOD (%) WOMEN MARRIED BEFORE THE LEGAL AGE OF 18 YEARS(%) MEN MARRIED BEFORE THE LEGAL AGE OF 21 YEARS (%)

130

78.9

58.6

21.0 41

36

41.6

62

22

9.8

20.4

2.3

47.8

12.9

57.6

26.8

20.3

165

63.8

34.6

3.3 51

46

34.9

61.7

31.8

11.9

26.8

3.3

23.3

21.2 31

42.5

35.3

INDIAHEALTH

OUTCOME

MATERNAL

HEALTH

NEONATAL

AND CHILD

HEALTH

BIHAR

REPRODUCTIVE

HEALTH AND

FAMILY

PLANNING

INDICATOR

ADOLESCENT

HEALTH

Overview of Key Health Indicators - Bihar

Data Source: U5MR, IMR, CBR, TFR from SRS Statistical Report 2016; MMR from SRS Mortality Bulletin 2014-2016; Rest from NFHS4 2015-16

Bihar has shown impressive decline in comparison to other Empowered Action Group (EAG) States. The improvement in MMR has been that of 43 points (20.7%). MMR is one the the strongest indicators of overall social development, signifying women's status in society along with the functionality and responsiveness of the state health system. Maternal and adolescent health outcomes and Family Planning uptake are priority action areas.

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR IS WORKING TOWARDS

ENSURING IMPROVEMENTS ININFRASTRUCTURE AND

DEPLOYMENT OF ADEQUATEHUMAN RESOURCES TO MEET

RISING HEALTH CARE DEMANDS

KEY POLICY FOCUS:

Improving health and nutrition

outcomes, access to quality services


Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON NUTRITION CARE ACCESS, PRACTICES AND OUTCOMES

Promising Districts

(n=10)

BHAGALPUR

BHOJPUR

MUZAFFARPUR

AURANGABAD

GOPALGUNJ

SIWAN

BUXAR

SARAN

PATNA

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

MUNGER

MADHUBANI

JAMUI

NALANDA

SAMASTIPUR

VAISHALI

LAKHISARAI

PURBA CHAMPARAN

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

JEHANABAD

PURNIA

SUPAUL

ARARIA

GAYA

SITAMARHI

SHEIKHPURA

KISHANGUNJ

DARBHANGA

KATIHAR

MADHEPURA

KHAGARIA

BANKA

SAHARSA

KAIMUR

BEGUSARAI

NAWADA

SHEOHAR

ROHTAS

ARWAL

Percentage of mothers whoconsumed IFA for 100 days ormore when they werepregnant Percentage of women whoseBMI is below normal Percentage of non pregnantwomen in age 15-49 years whoare anemic Percentage of pregnantwomen age 15-49 years whoare anemic Percentage of pregnant andnursing women who receivedsupplementary nutrition

COMPOSITE INDEX FORPERFORMANCE ONNUTRITION CAREACCESS, PRACTICESAND OUTCOMES:

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON MATERNAL HEALTHCARE UTILISATION

Promising Districts

(n=10)

BUXAR

SHEIKHPURA

VAISHALI

BHOJPUR

JEHANABAD

BEGUSARAI

BANKA

PATNA

MUNGER

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

SAHARSA

PURNIA

SAMASTIPUR

ARWAL

SUPAUL

AURANGABAD

BHAGALPUR

NALANDA

SIWAN

KHAGARIA

PURBA CHAMPARAN

KISHANGUNJ

SITAMARHI

DARBHANGA

SARAN

SHEOHAR

MUZAFFARPUR

MADHUBANI

GAYA

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

ARARIA

JAMUI

KATIHAR

NAWADA

ROHTAS

GOPALGUNJ

MADHEPURA

LAKHISARAI

KAIMUR

Percentage of mothers whohad full ANC Percentage of mothers whoreceived financial assistanceunder Janani SurakshaYojana (JSY) for birthsdelivered in an institution Percentage of institutionalbirths Percentage of institutionalbirths in public facility

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON MATERNALHEALTHCAREUTILISATION:

Data Source: NFHS 4 (2015-2016)



UNMET NEED FOR FAMILY PLANNING

21%USE OF

MODERN METHODS

23%

ACCESS TO SAFE, VOLUNTARY FAMILY

PLANNING SERVICES IS A HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUE.

IT IS CENTRAL TO GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S

EMPOWERMENT, AND IT IS A KEY FACTOR IN REDUCING

POVERTY.

FOR IMPROVED ACCESS TOCONTRACEPTIVES AND FAMILY

PLANNING, 36 DISTRICTS INBIHAR, WHERE TOTAL FERTILITY

RATE IS 3.0 OR ABOVE, HAVEBEEN IDENTIFIED AS HIGH

FERTILITY DISTRICTS (HFD)UNDER MISSION PARIVAR

VIKAS. THE TARGET IS TO BRING DOWN THE TFR TO

LEVEL 2.1 BY 2025

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

Promising Districts

(n=10)

KAIMUR

SUPAUL

LAKHISARAI

GAYA

BUXAR

SHEIKHPURA

JEHANABAD

ROHTAS

PATNA

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

ARARIA

BANKA

BHOJPUR

NALANDA

SAHARSA

MUNGER

NAWADA

BEGUSARAI

SITAMARHI

AURANGABAD

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

SARAN

PURBA CHAMPARAN

GOPALGUNJ

SIWAN

KISHANGUNJ

MUZAFFARPUR

SHEOHAR

MADHUBANI

SAMASTIPUR

DARBHANGA

JAMUI

VAISHALI

PURNIA

KATIHAR

KHAGARIA

MADHEPURA

BHAGALPUR

ARWAL


TOP 3 STATES IN TERMS OF FAMILY PLANNING USAGE:

BOTTOM 3 STATES IN TERMS OF FAMILY PLANNING USAGE:

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON FAMILY PLANNING USAGE

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

Usage of any method Usage of any modern method Percentage of women sterilised Percentage of IUD/PPIUCD inserted Total unmet need

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON FAMILYPLANNING USAGE:


This scheme aims at improving women’s literacy and empowerment, targets to make 40 lakhs women literate in a period of 6 months by deploying school teachers for the purpose.

Under this scheme, girl students from IX to XII get Rs. 1000, Class VI and VII would get Rs 700 every year for purchasing two pairs of uniforms. In financial year, Apart from it, all students studying in class III- V in government schools were allotted Rs 500 for buying uniforms and teaching materials.

Bottom 3states

Top 3 StatesINDICATOR National Bihar

ANY METHOD (%) ANY MODERN

METHOD (%) FEMALE

STERILISATION

(%) IUD/ PPIUD (%) TOTAL UNMET

NEED FOR FAMILY

PLANNING (%)

53.5

47.8

36

1.5

12.9

PUNJAB - 75.8 CHANDIGARH - 74 WEST BENGAL - 70.9 ANDHRA - 69.4 PUNJAB - 66.3 MAHARASHTRA - 62.6 ANDHRA - 68.3 PUDUCHERRY - 57.4 TELANGANA - 54.2 PUNJAB - 6.8 NAGALAND - 6.7 SIKKIM - 6.3 ANDHRA - 4.7 PUNJAB - 6.2 CHANDIGARH - 6.3

MEGHALAYA - 24.3 BIHAR - 24.1 MANIPUR - 23.6 NAGALAND - 21.4 LAKSHADWEEP - 14.9MANIPUR - 12.7 NAGALAND - 9.1 MEGHALAYA - 6.2 MANIPUR - 3.1 BIHAR - 0.5 TELANGANA - 0.3 ANDHRA - 0.2 SIKKIM - 21.7 NAGALAND - 22.2 MANIPUR - 30.1

24.1

23.3

20.7

0.5

21.2

The Big Picture

Note: Current use of family planning among married women aged 15-49 years, Data Source: NFHS4 2015-16

It is important to reflect on thepatriarchal norms of our society wherewomen have little say in the numberand timing of the children they bear.Decisions regarding choice ofcontraception are often taken by herpartner and other family members. Inspite of side effects and other easieroptions available for men, women areforced to choose a method forthemselves. In India, as per the National FamilyHealth Survey 2015-16, in almost allstates women rely on sterilisation tomeet their family planning needs. For most women, sterilisation is the

first and only accessible method ofcontraception. It accounts for 75% ofmodern methods used for familyplanning. Male sterilisation’s share infamily planning methods is 0.62%despite being safer, quicker andeasier. In the past decade, malesterilisation has fallen from 1% to0.3%. A similar trend is observed inBihar; male sterilisation has fallen from0.6 to 0% in the last ten years, whilesterilisation among women is 21%. Worldwide, vasectomy is used muchless than female sterilisation, despitebeing safer and less expensive.

Engaging Men in Family Planning


SECT ION 2 - EDUCAT IONEducation empowers women and girls with a voice to participate fully in decision making, whether in the family or community and yields multiple dividends in terms of improvements in their health, economic status and realizing their rights.

Female literacy rate


NALANDA GAYA SHEIKHPURA SARAN MUZAFFARPUR GOPALGANJ ARWAL BHAGALPUR JEHANABAD BEGUSARAI VAISHALI BHOJPUR KAIMUR BUXAR SIWAN AURANGABAD PATNA MUNGER ROHTAS

DISTRICTFemale literacy amongtotal female

population (%)

SAHARSA MADHEPURA PURNIA SITAMARHI ARARIA KATIHAR PASHCHIM

CHAMPARAN SUPAUL PURBA

CHAMPARAN DARBHANGA SHEOHAR MADHUBANI KISHANGANJ JAMUI BANKA NAWADA KHAGARIA SAMASTIPUR LAKHISARAI

41.7

41.7

42.3

42.3

43.9

44.9

44.7

44.8

45.1

45.2

45.3

46.2

46.8

47.3

47.7

48.9

49.6

51.5

52.6

53.1

53.3

53.4

54.4

54.7

54.8

54.9

54.9

55.0

55.2

56.7

58.0

58.4

58.6

58.7

59.7

62.0

62.1

63.0

DISTRICT

BIHAR AVERAGE:

51.5%

BIHAR'S FEMALE LITERACY RATE IS

THE LOWEST IN THE COUNTRY, THE

NATIONAL AVERAGE BEING 64.6%

FEMALE LITERACY BOTTOM 3 STATES:

Jharkhand (55.4%) Rajasthan (52.1%) Bihar (51.5%)

FEMALE LITERACY, TOP 3 STATES:

Kerala (92.1%) Mizoram (89.3%) Lakshadweep (87.9%)

KEY POLICY FOCUS: Access to and completion of

education, provide access to vocational, technical, life skills

education


Female literacy amongtotal female

population (%)

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON ENROLMENT OF GIRLS IN SCHOOL, BMSP & PRIMARY EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

Promising Districts

(n=10)

KISHANGANJ

GOPALGANJ

SIWAN

ARARIA

MADHUBANI

GAYA

MUZAFFARPUR

KATIHAR

SARAN

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

VAISHALI

SAMASTIPUR

JEHANABAD

PATNA

SITAMARHI

BUXAR

DARBHANGA

SHEOHAR

PURNIA

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

BEGUSARAI

AURANGABAD

PURBA CHAMPARAN

BHAGALPUR

KAIMUR

ARWAL

ROHTAS

BANKA

NAWADA

MADHEPURA

BHOJPUR

NALANDA

SUPAUL

LAKHISARAI

SHEIKHPURA

KHAGARIA

MUNGER

JAMUI

SAHARSA

Percent of girls enrolled in Government Primary schoolsPercent of girls enrolled in Government Middle schoolsPercent of girls enrolled in Government Secondary schoolsPercent of girls enrolled in Government Higher secondary schools

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

Data Source: Education Department (2016-2017).

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON DROPOUT OF GIRLS IN SCHOOL

Promising Districts

(n=10)

ARWAL

SHEIKHPURA

AURANGABAD

LAKHISARAI

NAWADA

BEGUSARAI

SHEOHAR

JAMUI

SIWAN

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

KAIMUR

BHOJPUR

SARAN

GOPALGANJ

VAISHALI

PURNIA

MADHUBANI

KATIHAR

SITAMARHI

ROHTAS

BANKA

SAMASTIPUR

GAYA

BUXAR

DARBHANGA

SUPAUL

JEHANABAD

KISHANGANJ

MADHEPURA

PURBA CHAMPARAN

KHAGARIA

PATNA

SAHARSA

BHAGALPUR

ARARIA

MUNGER

MUZAFFARPUR

NALANDA

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

Data Source: UDISE (2016-2017)

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON ENROLMENT OFGIRLS:

Drop out rate from class 6 to 8 Drop out rate from class 8 to 10Drop out rate from class 9 to 12

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON DROPOUT RATE:


Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS ON WOMEN HIGHER EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL COURSES

Promising Districts

(n=10)

MUNGER

DARBHANGA

SHEOHAR

KATIHAR

BHAGALPUR

BEGUSARAI

PURNIA

MUZAFFARPUR

PATNA

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

KHAGARIA

SAMASTIPUR

SITAMARHI

SHEIKHPURA

VAISHALI

SIWAN

GAYA

GOPALGANJ

LAKHISARAI

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

JEHANABAD

SUPAUL

BHOJPUR

PURBA CHAMPARAN

KAIMUR

ARARIA

NALANDA

SARAN

ROHTAS

MADHEPURA

ARWAL

AURANGABAD

JAMUI

MADHUBANI

NAWADA

BANKA

KISHANGANJ

SAHARSA

BUXAR

Percent of female graduatesPercent of females in vocational institutesPercent of female engineering graduatesPercent female medical graduatesPercent of female agriculture and dairying graduatesPercent of female Veterinary graduatesPercent of female with teaching degreePercent of other degree holders who are women


COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON HIGHEREDUCATION ANDPROFESSIONALCOURSES:

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

STATES REPORTING HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE ENGINEERING GRADUATES:

MUKHYA MANTRI BALIKACYCLE YOJANA (MBCY)

This scheme promotes higher studies, up to Class XII, among girls in the state; Rs 10,000 is given to each girl who passes Class X with 1st division.

MUKHYA MANTRI BALIKAPROTSAHANA YOJANA

MUKHYA MANTRI BALIKAPOSHAK YOJANA

Under this scheme, girl students enrolled in Class IX to XII receive Rs1500, Class VI to VIII receive Rs 1000,Class III to V receive Rs 700 forbuying uniforms every year.

MUKHYA MANTRI AKSHARANCHAL YOJANA

SCHEMES TO ENCOURAGE GIRLS EDUCATION

This scheme aims at improving women’s literacy and empowerment, targets to make 40 lakhs women literate in a period of 6 months by deploying school teachers for the purpose.

The scheme was launched to ease girls commute to secondary school, and increase their attendance levels. All girls enrolled in Class IX are given bicycles free of cost from the state government.

KANYA UTHANYOJANA

STATES REPORTING HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE MEDICAL GRADUATES:

Punjab (40.01%) Kerala (40%) Puducherry (33.44%)

Kerala (60.45%) Andaman and NicobarIslands (57.8%) Meghalaya (54.52%)


Recently launched, this scheme takes a life cycle approach to encourage girls education and delay age of marriage, by providing; - Enhanced incentives for birth registration, Aadhaar enrollment, full immunization and school completion - Further, every unmarried girl who completes her intermediate course will receive Rs. 10,000 and any girl (unmarried or married) who completes her graduation will receive Rs. 25,000

Percentage of schools with drinking water facilities

Data Source: Education Department (2016-2017)

0

25

50

75

100

ARWAL

BUXAR

JEHANABAD

KAIMUR

KATIHAR

PURNIA

SAHARSA

SHEIKHPURA

SHEOHAR

VAISHALI

BHOJPUR

BHAGALPUR

BEGUSARAI

BANKA

MADHEPURA

LAKHIS

ARAI

JAMUI

NAWADA

NALANDA

PATNA

DARBHANGA

ROHTAS

AURANGABAD

SUPAUL

KHAGARIA

SITAMARHI

ARARIA

PASHCHIM C

HAMPAR

PURBA CHAMPARAN

SAMASTIPUR

KISHANGANJ

GOPALGANJ

SIWAN

MUZAFFARPUR

MADHUBANI

GAYA

MUNGER

SARAN

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%10

0%

99.5

%

99.4

%

99.4

%

99.3

%

99.2

%98.7

%

98.4

%

98.3

%

97.

9%

97.

7%

97.

4%

96.6

%95

.7%

95

.5%

95

.2%

95

.2%

93.7

%

93.6

%

92

.0%

91.

4%

90

.3%

89.3

%

88.8

%

88.7

%

87.

0%

84

.6%

81.

4%

72.4

%

Data Source: Education Department (2016-2017)

AVAILABILITY OFTOILETS AND RUNNING

WATER ARE KEYSTRATEGIES FORENSURING GIRLS'ATTENDANCE AND

RETENTION

BIHAR AVERAGE:

94.4%

Percentage of schools with functional girls toilets

BIHAR AVERAGE:

96.1%

0

25

50

75

100

BANKA

MADHUBANI

ROHTAS

SHEOHAR

VAISHALI

PURNIA

BHAGALPUR

GOPALGANJ

JAMUI

KAIMUR

DARBHANGA

LAKHIS

ARAI

SIWAN

BHOJPUR

BEGUSARAI

MUZAFFARPUR

SAMASTIPUR

SHEIKHPURA

NALANDA

MADHEPURA

PATNA

JEHANABAD

BUXAR

NAWADA

SARAN

KATIHAR

MUNGER

AURANGABADGAYA

SAHARSA

SUPAUL

ARARIA

KISHANGANJ

PURBA CHAMPARAN

PASHCHIM C

HAMPAR

KHAGARIA

SITAMARHI

ARWAL

100

%

100

%

100

%

100

%

99.5

%

99.4

%

99.3

%

99.2

%

99.0

%98.9

%98.7

%

98.7

%

98.4

%

98.2

%98.2

%

98.2

%

97.

8%

96.9

%

96.7

%

96.1

%95

.8%

95

.8%

95

.8%

95

.0%

94

.4%

94

.1%

93.8

%93.7

%

92

.6%

92

.4%

92

.3%

92

.0%

92

.0%

88.5

%

88.1

%

86.4

%

85

.1%

100

%

DELHI (100%),CHANDIGARH (98.4%)

AND GUJARAT (97.22%)ARE THE TOP 3 STATES INTERMS OF SCHOOLS WITH

FUNCTIONAL GIRLSTOILETS.

J&K (37.78%), ANDHRA(37.5%) AND ODISHA

(32.74%) ARE THEBOTTOM 3 STATES.

SECT ION 3 - WATER AND SANITAT IONWomen have a primary responsibility for managing household water resources, sanitation and health. Ensuring access of households to safe drinking water, sanitation practices and reduction in water-borne diseases can go a long way in reducing women’s time, health and care giving burdens and empowering them to access other productive opportunities and resources.

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS IN WASH

Promising Districts

(n=10)

BUXAR

SHEIKHPURA

JEHANABAD

LAKHISARAI

NALANDA

BHAGALPUR

ROHTAS

MUZAFFARPUR

PATNA

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

SARAN

AURANGABAD

GOPALGUNJ

DARBHANGA

GAYA

NAWADA

MUNGER

VAISHALI

BHOJPUR

BEGUSARAI

PURBA CHAMPARAN

ARWAL

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

SUPAUL

MADHUBANI

SAHARSA

SHEOHAR

SIWAN

KAIMUR

KHAGARIA

JAMUI

BANKA

ARARIA

KATIHAR

KISHANGUNJ

SAMASTIPUR

PURNIA

SITAMARHI

MADHEPURA

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON WASH:

Households with electricityHouseholds with an improved drinking- water source Households using improved sanitation facility Households using clean fuel for cooking

GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING


ENSURING WATER AND SANITATION HAS BEEN

PRIORITIZED UNDER SAAT NISHCHAY (SEVEN

RESOLVES) WHICH ARE AN INTEGRAL PART OF

THE PROGRAMME OF GOOD GOVERNANCE OF

THE GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR, 2015-2020:

NISHCHAY 4 - HAR GHAR NAL KA JAL

NISHCHAY 5 - GHAR TAK PAKKI GALI

NISHCHAY 6 - SHAUCHALAY NIRMAAN,

GHAR KA SAMMAAN

KEY POLICY FOCUS: Access to natural

resources, clean water, sanitation and participation in

decision making process


Householdswith

electricity(%)

JAMUI BANKA ARARIA KATIHAR KISHANGUNJ SAMASTIPUR PURNIA SITAMARHI MADHEPURA PURBA CHAMPARAN ARWAL PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN SUPAUL MADHUBANI SAHARSA SHEOHAR SIWAN KAIMUR KHAGARIA SARAN AURANGABAD GOPALGUNJ DARBHANGA GAYA NAWADA MUNGER VAISHALI BHOJPUR BEGUSARAI BUXAR SHEIKHPURA JEHANABAD LAKHISARAI NALANDA BHAGALPUR ROHTAS MUZAFFARPUR PATNA BIHAR

DISTRICT/

INDICATORS

Householdswith an

improveddrinking-

water source(%)

Householdsusing

improvedsanitationfacility (%)

Householdsusing clean

fuel forcooking (%)

Index forWASH

Ranking of districts in WASH

62.0

47.2

48.6

31.6

51.1

39.9

50.6

39.4

53.3

40.4

47.1

46.1

60.9

53.7

58.3

59.7

53.2

73.6

54.2

59.0

59.7

56.8

58.4

71.2

56.7

68.8

63.1

64.5

63.6

65.7

79.1

68.8

79.3

69.3

69.2

81.1

72.7

86.6

58.6

78.6

92.9

99.6

99.2

98.7

98.5

99.7

100.0

100.0

99.4

99.1

96.1

99.9

99.6

99.7

99.5

98.4

95.3

98.8

98.4

98.8

99.0

99.9

96.7

98.8

90.5

97.6

99.9

99.1

99.7

94.4

99.4

93.8

97.9

97.3

99.4

99.4

98.8

98.2

14.8

14.3

12.5

21.5

15.9

19.2

14.4

20.2

15.0

20.5

21.3

21.4

15.8

19.1

16.6

21.0

23.6

21.5

30.8

25.4

27.1

26.4

27.7

26.8

28.8

34.1

30.5

26.2

34.2

27.9

33.6

29.3

36.8

31.0

32.3

25.9

28.5

49.9

25.2

9.2

9.3

5.2

10.0

5.7

14.0

8.6

12.8

9.0

14.4

10.2

18.1

6.1

12.2

12.9

11.1

20.0

13.8

13.4

17.4

16.6

20.4

18.3

15.6

21.0

26.3

21.0

21.0

16.5

23.3

16.5

20.1

14.7

23.4

23.2

17.9

21.9

51.7

17.8

0.175

0.272

0.323

0.327

0.349

0.362

0.364

0.378

0.386

0.386

0.396

0.399

0.409

0.428

0.437

0.460

0.483

0.492

0.505

0.508

0.523

0.527

0.543

0.543

0.544

0.566

0.570

0.575

0.591

0.602

0.602

0.604

0.608

0.618

0.618

0.626

0.627

0.986

38

37

36

35

34

33

32 31

30

29

28

27

26

25

24

23

22 21

20

19

18 17

16 15 14 13 12 11

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1


SECT ION 4 - SOCIAL EMPOWERMENTUnequal gender norms and the threat and incidence of violence, prevent women and girls from accessing opportunities and realising their full potential. Reducing social acceptance of violence against women and harmful traditional practices is crucial to ensure transformative changes in women’s lives.

The State Women Empowerment Policy aims to

effectively implement all women related legislation and

Constitutional Provisions including The Protection of

Women from Domestic Violence, Act, 2005.

The Mukyamantri Nari Shakti Yojana (MNSY)

scheme was launched in 2007-08 throughout the state with an

objective to empower women and make them self-reliant.

The program envisaged holistic empowerment of women in the economic, social and cultural

spheres. It achieved much success by setting up and strengthening

institutional mechanism for supporting women facing violence

through Helpline and Short Stay Homes.

The strategic focus on

collectivization and social inclusion for rural women has yielded rich

dividends and today there are 3.57 lakh SHGs functional under

JEEViKA (till September 2016, as per the latest Economic Survey).

The State government has flagged off a campaign to end

child marriage and the practice of dowry, both of

which severely undermine the status of women and girls.

These practices are based on deeply entrenched attitudes that reinforce the message

that women are of less value than men.

TACKLING GENDER NORMS

POPULAR SUPPORT FOR ENDING CHILD MARRIAGE AND DOWRY

On 2 October, 2017, lakhs of people across Bihar formed a 14,000 km-long human chain to spread awareness against the practice of child marriage and dowry.

KEY POLICY FOCUS: Prevent violence against womenand girls, ending child marriage,

preventing female infanticide/foeticide, support women in

extreme circumstances

Overview Data of Crime Against Women

CRUELTY BY HUSBAND OR HIS RELATIVES

KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION

ASSAULT

RAPE, GANG RAPE, CUSTODIAL RAPE

SEXUAL HARRASSMENT

DOWRY DEATHS

ATTEMPT TO COMMIT RAPE ANDOFFENCES

ACID ATTACKS AND HUMANTRAFFICKING

OTHERS

INDIA

45

BIHAR

Helplines were introduced in Patna in 1998 to provide

emergency relief, legal aid and counselling services to female

survivors of violence. They achieved good results and have

been gradually extended to other district headquarters by

the Women Development Corporation (WDC).

Maximum number of cases under crimes against women was reported under ‘Cruelty by Husband or His Relatives’ in India (34%) followed by ‘Assault on Women’ in India and ‘Kidnapping & Abduction of Women’ (20%). The proportion of Assault against women cases to outrage their modesty was also found to be as high as 12% in India. Majority of the cases reported in Bihar were Kidnapping & Abduction of Women (45%) followed by under ‘Cruelty by Husband or His Relatives’ (31%). The proportion of Rape cases reported in India was 12 % while that in Bihar was 8%. Proportion of reported Dowry related crime cases in Bihar was similar to the proportion of Rape cases. Bihar has one of the highest rates of Violence Against Women (VAW) in the country. According the Crime Report 2016, NCRB, Bihar ranks 5th highest in crime rate against women among all states of India.


Top 3 StatesINDICATOR National

RAPE (%) KIDNAPPING ANDABDUCTION (%) INSULT TO MODESTY (%) CRUELTY BY HUSBANDAND RELATIVES (%) DOWRY DEATHS (%)

6.3

10.5

1.2

18

1.2

PUDUCHERRY - 0.8 TAMIL NADU - 0.9 BIHAR - 2 LAKSHADWEEP - 0 MIZORAM - 0.6 KERALA - 0.9 RAJASTHAN/UP - 0 TAMIL NADU - 0.1 JHARKHAND - 0.1 NAGALAND - 0.3 SIKKIM - 0.7 MEGHALAYA - 1.9 DADRA AND NAGARHAVELI - 0 MIZORAM - 0 LAKSHADWEEP - 0

ARUNACHAL - 14.7 DELHI - 22.6 SIKKIM - 30.3 HARYANA - 21.3 ASSAM - 33.6 DELHI - 40.7 TELANGANA - 5.5 ANDHRA - 7.1 DELHI - 9.6 DELHI - 40.6 WEST BENGAL - 42.3 ASSAM - 58.7 BIHAR - 2 HARYANA - 2.1 UP - 2.4

The Big Picture

Data Source: Out of total crimes committed against women, Crime in India, NCRB, 2017

Tackling Domestic ViolenceInitiated in 1998, the Women's Helpline operates in all 38 districts of Bihar offering much needed support to women survivors of violence and other harassment. The Project Manager for the Helpline in each district has been appointed as the Protection Officer under the Protection of Women against Domestic Violence Act (PWDVA) 2005 thus providing a single window of services to women in distress. Through the helpline, counselling is provided to reach an amicable solution between concerned parties. If the complainant wishes to opt for a legal intervention, she is directed to the relevant department and the case is closed at the women's helpline level. Short Stay Homes are functional in 34 out of 38 districts in Bihar. The major objective of setting up the homes is to protect women and adolescent girls from human trafficking and to provide protection and security to women survivors of domestic violence.

Bottom 3states

Bihar

2.00

10.90

7.50

7.50

2.00


OF WOMEN ARE PARTICIPATING IN

HOUSEHOLD DECISIONS

75%WOMEN HAVE A SAVINGS BANK

ACCOUNT

1 out of 4DECLINE IN SPOUSAL VIOLENCE BETWEEN 2005-06 AND 2015-16

36.5%

Data Source: NFHS 3, NFHS 4


IMPROVEMENTS

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS BASED ON CASES REGISTERED AND RESOLVED BY WOMEN HELPLINE

PATNA

GAYA

SARAN

SUPAUL

BEGUSARAI

ARWAL

GOPALGUNJ

DARBHANGA

SAMASTIPUR

VAISHALI

MADHUBANI

MADHEPURA

NALANDA

BUXAR

ROHTAS

SHEIKHPURA

SAHARSA

MUZZAFARPUR

SITAMARHI

ARARIA

LAKHISARAI

MUNGER

KHAGARIA

KAIMUR

KATIHAR

SIWAN

SHEOHAR

BANKA

BHOJPUR

JEHANABAD

PASCHIM CHAMPARAN

KISHANGUNJ

PURNIA

PURBA CHAMPARAN

AURANGABAD

BHAGALPUR

NAWADA

JAMUI

DISTRICTS REGISTERED CASES

DISTRICTS

BHAGALPUR

PASCHIM CHAMPARAN

SARAN

PATNA

SUPAUL

VAISHALI

GAYA

GOPALGUNJ

SAMASTIPUR

DARBHANGA

NALANDA

JAMUI

NAWADA

BHOJPUR

MUNGER

KISHANGUNJ

AURANGABAD

SHEIKHPURA

MADHUBANI

PURNIA

MADHEPURA

PURBA CHAMPARAN

ROHTAS

SAHARSA

ARWAL

ARARIA

SITAMARHI

JEHANABAD

MUZAFFARPUR

LAKHISARAI

BEGUSARAI

KHAGARIA

KAIMUR

SIWAN

SHEOHAR

BUXAR

BANKA

KATIHAR

RESOLVED CASES

400

398

357

313

292

274

254

252

220

218

197

192

192

172

170

162

156

152

148

145145

143

136

127

118

117

114

110

97

91

90

84

70

70

62

59

54

43

606

413

363

319

316

306

289

249

248

239

219

158

153

148

147

142

139

137

134

130

124

115

110

110

92

87

83

81

79

67

60

60

54

52

48

39

33

23Da

ta S

our

ce: W

DC

(A

pril

2017

- M

arc

h 2

018

)

Details ofRegistered Cases

63%Domestic

Violence

Others

Dowry

Oppression

Husband's

Second Marriage

Sexual

Harassment

Human

Trafficking

Property-related

Eve-teasing

Mobile and Cyber

Harassment

21%

13%

2%

1%

0%

0%

0%

0%

Note: Cases registered are for the financial year2017-18, whereas the cases resolved includes thecases which have been carried forward fromprevious year.

PATNA, GAYA, SARAN, SUPAUL &

BEGUSARAI REGISTERED THE

HIGHEST NUMBER OF CASES ON THE

WOMEN'S HELPLINE

Good Performing

Districts (n=9)

PERFORMANCE OF DISTRICTS IN EARLY MARRIAGE AND PREGNANCY

Promising Districts

(n=10)

PURBA CHAMPARAN

GAYA

KHAGARIA

PASHCHIM CHAMPARAN

BEGUSARAI

JAMUI

SAMASTIPUR

MADHEPURA

SUPAUL

Low Performing

Districts (n=10)

Very Low Performing

Districts (n=9)

KATIHAR

JEHANABAD

ARARIA

SITAMARHI

VAISHALI

LAKHISARAI

NAWADA

NALANDA

SHEIKHPURA

SHEOHAR

MUNGER

KAIMUR

ROHTAS

ARWAL

MUZAFFARPUR

PURNIA

SAHARSA

MADHUBANI

DARBHANGA

BANKA

SIWAN

KISHANGUNJ

GOPALGUNJ

BHAGALPUR

PATNA

BUXAR

AURANGABAD

BHOJPUR

SARAN

COMPOSITE INDEXFOR PERFORMANCEON EARLY MARRIAGEAND PREGNANCYINDICATORS:

Women age 20-24 years married before age 18 years (%) Women age 15-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey (%)


The percent of women aged 20-24 years married before 18 years of age has declined from 69% in 2006 (NFHS3) to 42.5% in 2016 (NFHS4). 12% of girls in the age group of 15-19 years were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the NFHS4 survey. Teen mothers under 15 are five times more at risk of dying due to pregnancy related complications as compared to women in their early 20s.

GOVERNMENT OF BIHAR HAS LAUNCHED A STATEWIDE CAMPAIGN TO END CHILD

MARRIAGE SO THAT ALL GIRLS ARE ABLE TO REACH THEIR FULL

POTENTIAL.


GOOD PERFORMING

PROMISING

LOW PERFORMING

VERY LOW PERFORMING

BiharTop 3 StatesNationalBottom 3states

WOMEN AGED 20-24YEARS MARRIEDBEFORE AGE 18 YEARS(%) WOMEN AGED 15-19YEARS WHO WEREALREADY MOTHERSOR PREGNANT AT THETIME OF THE SURVEY(%)

LAKSHADWEEP - 0.9 KERALA - 7.6 PUNJAB - 7.6 LAKSHADWEEP - 0 CHANDIGARH - 2.1 DELHI - 2.3

JHARKHAND - 38 WEST BENGAL - 41.6 BIHAR - 42.5 ASSAM - 13.6 WEST BENGAL-18.3 TRIPURA - 18.8

INDICATOR

42.5

12.2

26.8

7.9

Data Source: NFHS 4

The Big Picture

CHILD MARRIAGEIf present trends continue, in India

girls born between 2005 and 2010 will become child brides by 2030.

28 million

IMPACT ON THE ECONOMY

MORE LIKELY TO DIE DURING CHILDBIRTH

THAN WOMEN IN THEIR EARLY 20S.

5 times GIRLS UNDER

15 ARE

OF INDIAN GIRLS HAVE ALREADY GIVEN BIRTH BY

AGE 18

22%MORE LIKELY TO DIE DURING BIRTH OR AS

NEWBORNS

50%INFANTS OF

ADOLESCENT MOTHERS ARE

70%GIRLS GOING TO SECONDARY

SCHOOL ARE

LESS LIKELY TO MARRY AS CHILDREN, PREVENTING EARLY PREGNANCIES

AND CHILD DEATHS

AS LIKELY TO REPORT BEING BEATEN

twiceCHILD BRIDES ARE

AS LIKELY TO REPORT BEING SUBJECTED TO

FORCED SEX

3 timesCHILD BRIDES ARE

9%

CHILD MARRIAGE REDUCES WOMEN'S

EXPECTED EARNINGS IN

ADULTHOOD BY

VICTIMS OF CHILD MARRIAGE LACK AGENCY DUE TO LOSS OF PEER NETWORKS AND DISCONTINUED EDUCATION.

1%

BY ENDING CHILD MARRIAGE, COUNTRIES

COULD INCREASE THEIR NATIONAL

EARNINGS BY

Data Source: Dasra, World Bank


SECT ION 5 - ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENTWomen’s work participation is determined by various economic and social factors, enablers and barriers that operate at both the domestic and larger policy and implementation ecosystem. The ultimate goal should be not merely to increase female labour force participation (FLFP) but to provide opportunities for decent work that will, in turn, contribute to the economic empowerment of women.

The National Sample Survey Office’s most recent ‘Employment and Unemployment in India’ survey for 2011-12 shows that only 9 per cent of Bihar’s women in the 15-59 years age group participate in an economic activity, by supplying or offering to supply labour for production of goods and services. This is the lowest for any state and also markedly below the labour force participation rate of 78.5 per cent for men in the state.

F E W E R W O M E N

A R E W O R K I N G

A N D W H E N T H E Y

D O , W O M E N E A R N

L E S S T H A N M E N

WOMEN WHO WORKED IN THE LAST12 MONTHS WHO WERE PAID IN CASH

24.6%12.5%12.6%11.6%

BIHAR - URBAN

BIHAR - RURAL

BIHAR - TOTAL

INDIA - TOTAL

Data Source: NFHS 4

WORKERPOPULATIONRATIO (%)*

BIHAR - RURAL BIHAR - URBAN

5.3

47.34.1

42.1

WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN

Data Source: National Sample Survey Office, 68th Round, July 2011 - June 2012 and Women and Men in India, 2017, published by Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India *Notes: 1. Figures are based on usual status approach and includes principal status and subsidiary status workers of all ages. 2. The figures represent size of workforce as percentage of population.

AVERAGEWAGE/SALARY (INRS.) RECEIVED PERDAY BY REGULARWAGE/ SALARIEDEMPLOYEES OF AGE15-59 (2011-2012)

188.4

450.5369 417.1

WOMEN MEN WOMEN MEN

KEY POLICY FOCUS: Promote women entrepreneurship,

promote women's participation, promote women's skills building, promote employability, protect

women in the unorganised sector

Item 4 63%

Item 5 37%

Item 4 56%

Item 5 44%

PERCENTAGE SHARE OF WOMEN’SEMPLOYMENT UNDER MGNREGS

(BIHAR - RURAL)

2015 2017 – 18 (TILL SEPTEMBER '17)

37.3% 43.9%

Data Source: Economic Survey 2017 – 2018, Government of Bihar

Item 4 92%

Item 5 9%

2017 – 18 (TILL SEPTEMBER '17)

SHARE OF WOMEN IN SHGs IN PDS DEALERSHIPS

8.5%

UNDER JEEViKA

6,75,744SHGs WERE FORMED

41,660VOs WERE FORMED

4,54,532SHGs CREDIT WERELINKED WITH BANKS

The JEEViKA programme promotes women’s leadership and leverages SHG collectives to improve women's access to better livelihoods

Data Source: Economic Survey 20017 – 2018, Government of Bihar


India

CURRENTLYEMPLOYED WOMEN(%) WOMEN NOTCURRENTLYEMPLOYED (%) WOMEN NOTEMPLOYED IN THE 12MONTHS PRECEDINGTHE SURVEY (%) WOMEN’S OWNERSHIPOF HOUSE (ALONE ORJOINTLY) (%) WOMEN’S OWNERSHIPOF LAND (ALONE ORJOINTLY) (%) WOMEN HAVE AMOBILE PHONE THATTHEY THEMSELVESUSE (%) AMONG WOMEN WHOHAVE MOBILEPHONES, % WHO CANREAD SMS

BiharINDICATOR

14.9

5.1

80.0

57.8

49.6

40.9

42.2

24.0

6.3

69.7

37.1

28.3

45.9

66.3

Da

ta S

our

ce: N

FHS

4

The Big PictureThere is growing evidence, around the

world, that women’s participation in the

economy can lead to significant gains in

economic growth and reductions in

poverty. If women work, they acquire

greater personal agency and status, both

within the home and outside (Dollar and

Gatti, 1999; Lagarde, 2016; Loko and Diouf,

2009). In developing countries, working

women also invest more in the schooling of

their children (Aguirre et al. 2012; Miller

2008). Recently at Davos, IMF chief

Christian Lagarde, quoting IMF research,

said that increasing women’s participation

in the workforce to the level of men can

boost India's economy by 27%.

FARM INTERVENTION(AGRICULTURE+ KITCHEN GARDENINGACTIVITIES) POULTRY DAIRY GOATERY AGARBATTI ART & CRAFT BEE KEEPING JUTE

NO. OF SHG MEMBERS ENGAGEDACTIVITY

11,08,163

1,80,215

87,467

92,726

5,136

8,959

129

13,313

Participation of JEEViKA SHG women in livelihood promotion activities

0

110

220

330

440

550

2015-16 2016-17 2017-18

78

538

437

NEW WOMEN ONLY DAIRY COOP. SOCIETIES FORMEDEVEN THOUGH NUMBERS ARE

ENCOURAGING, A BIHAR COMFEDSTUDY SHOWED THAT ONLY

OF WOMEN IN DAIRY COOPERATIVESHAD ACCESS TO OR TAKEN ANY KIND

OF LOAN

17%

WOMEN AND GIRLS IN BIHAR - TAKING STOCK , LOOKING AHEAD 34D

ata

Sour

ce: J

EEV

iKA

Ap

ril 2

018

till FebruaryData Source: WDC COMFED Evaluation 2018

Improving digital

literacy, access to

mobile phones and

bank accounts are

important factors in

promoting women's

entrepreneurship and

access to livelihoods

10% 3%

INDIA BIHAR

10% 3%

41%46%

DIGITALLY LITERATE WOMEN - USE OF INTERNET SEARCH AND EMAIL (%)

WOMEN WHO HAVE A MOBILE THAT THEY THEMSELVES USE (%)

THE STATE POLICY AIMSTO PROMOTE:

Women's partnership in agriculture, animalhusbandry, fishery and cottage industry

OBJECTIVE: To ensure women’s active role in increasingtheir access to agricultural activities and otherlivelihood engagements including animalhusbandry, fishery industry and cottage andsmall scale activities.

KEY DEPARTMENT’SROLES ANDRESPONSIBILITIES:

Introducing new technology in agriculturefor engaging women and makingappropriate institutional arrangements,including providing subsidies, credit andmarketing support to women farmers. Ensure women’s participation in foodprocessing and food security and alsoorganic farming. Increase women’s participation in dairyproduction, sericulture, fisherydevelopment, horticulture and plantation. To encourage research to increase thenumber of women engaging in these areasand encourage innovations.


Data Source: NFHS 4

WOMEN WHO HAVE A BANK OR SAVINGS ACCOUNT THAT THEY THEMSELVES USE (%)

26%53%

SECT ION 6 - POL IT ICAL EMPOWERMENT AND DEC IS ION MAKINGWomen are often excluded from decision making, from the household up to highest levels of governance. It is therefore important for a critical mass of women to participate in politics and decision making so that their views, needs and priorities are reflected in decisions that affect their lives.

IN ORDER TO ACCELERATE WOMEN’S

PARTICIPATION IN DECISION MAKING, BIHAR

WAS ONE OF THE FIRST STATES TO

RESERVE 50% SEATS FOR WOMEN IN

PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS (PRI)

IMPLEMENT 35% RESERVATIONS FOR WOMEN IN

ALL GOVERNMENT JOBS ACROSS THE STATE

UNDER SECOND NISHCHAY, AARAKSHIT ROJGAR

MAHILAON KA ADHIKAR

TODAY IN THE STATE, THE THIRD ROUND OF

WOMEN HAVE BEEN ELECTED TO THE PRI, WHO

ARE TRANSFORMING THE FACE OF LOCAL

GOVERNANCE

INDICATOR BIHAR INDIA

WOMEN MLAs (%) NUMBER OF WOMEN MLAs TOTAL NUMBER OF MALE MLAs WOMEN MPs (%) TOTAL WOMEN MPs IN THE LOK SABHA TOTAL MPs IN THE LOK SABHA TURNOUT OF WOMEN VOTERS IN 2015 GENERALELECTIONS (%) NUMBER OF WOMEN WHO HAVE VOTED IN 2015GENERAL ELECTIONS NUMBER OF WOMEN VOTERS IN 2015 GENERALELECTIONS WOMEN JUDGES IN PATNA HIGH COURT (%) NUMBER OF WOMEN JUDGES IN PATNA HIGH COURT TOTAL NUMBER OF MALE JUDGES IN PATNA HIGHCOURT ELECTED WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES IN PRI (%) NUMBER OF ELECTED WOMEN REPRESENTATIVES INPRI ELECTIONS 2016 TOTAL ELECTED REPRESENTATIVES IN PRI IN 2016

9

359

3,759 12

64

534

65

2,60,565

3,97,050 11

74

613

46

13,45,990

29,11,961

14

28

209 8 3

40

58

17,106

29,669 6 2

32

52

70,400

1,36,325

WOMEN IN

LEGISLATURE

WOMEN

VOTERS

WOMEN IN

JUDICIARY

WOMEN IN

PANCHAYATI

RAJ

INSTITUTIONS

Overview of Women’s Presence in Decision Making

Data Source: Women and Men in India, 2017

KEY POLICY FOCUS: Equal participation in

decision making, planning and and governance


OF MLAs AREWOMEN

14%IN BIHAR BIHAR WAS THE FIRST

STATE TO PROVIDE 50% RESERVATION

FOR WOMEN IN PANCHAYAT RAJ

INSTITUTIONS IN THE YEAR 2005

BIHAR, ALONG WITH HARYANA

AND RAJASTHAN, HAS THE HIGHEST PERCENTAGE OF

FEMALE MLAs

GENDER AUDIT OFPROGRAMMEEXPENDITURE ANDGENDER BUDGETING

To ensure that women at all levels participatein evaluating programmes includingunderstanding the financial implications;women will be encouraged to engage in theprocess of gender audit of all schemes andprogrammes made for women.

ROLES OF WOMENDEVELOPMENTCORPORATION (WDC)

An analysis of women’s contribution in thestate’s economy and making appropriateprovisions Understanding the proportion ofexpenditure allocated for women andmaking provisos for gender budgeting Conduct gender audit and effective genderbudgeting of women empowermentschemes and programmes.


Data Source: State Policy for Women Empowerment

IN CONCLUS ION

Building a strong evidence base about what works to promote gender equality is the next step after identifying gender gaps in critical sectors - health, education, social, economic and political. Traditional statistics generated through the NFHS, AHS, SRS, RHS and others provide data at state and district level on primary and overt indicators around health, education, work participation, sanitation, violence and other ‘traditional’ domains. The progress along these data points define numerous programme and policy decisions at all governance levels. But one cannot ignore that there are many dimensions of women’s and girl’s experience that have not yet been reckoned with or linked to more ‘mainstream’ sectors like finance, infrastructure, livelihoods, technology, and transport. Analysis and statistics are both lacking in this context. There is a gap in terms of systematic data collection and analysis around women’s ownership of property, digital literacy and access, entrepreneurship, etc. down to the district level. Women’s and girls’ lives are changing and somewhere improving with economic progress, technological advancements and gradually changing social norms. State policies and programmes need the requisite preparedness to respond to these structural changes in society. The environment is ripe for identification of data points in recognition of the shifting socio-economic scenario and generation of more evidence. Policy decisions and budgetary allocations guided by robust data can go a long way in improving implementation and informing new initiatives. The State Policy for Empowerment of Women, sets relevant indicators for each thrust area along with nominating the nodal government department as well as collaborating departments that will track the progress indicators, thereby mandating a convergence approach. In order to track progress and inform policy formulation, implementation and monitoring, it is the need of the hour to systematically generate data and analyse along all domains that will guide the delivery of impactful programmes, and ensure a transformative change, fostering gender equality and equity in the state.


REFERENCES Aguirre, D., Hoteit, L., Rupp, C., and Sabbagh, K. (2012) Empowering the Third Billion: Women and the World of Work. Strategy, PWC Census of India (2011) Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India Crime Report (2016) National Crime Records Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India DASRA. (2018) Ending Child Marriage and Empowering Adolescent Girls. Webpage Accessed on 19.06.2018 Dollar, D., and Gatti, R. (1999) Gender Inequality, Income, and Growth: Are Good Times Good for Women? Development Research Group, The World Bank Economic Survey 2017-18, Government of Bihar Education Statistics (2016) Education Department, Government of Bihar Klasen, S., Lechtenfeld, T., and Povel, F. (2011) What about the women? Female Headship, Poverty and Vulnerability in Thailand and Vietnam. Courant Research Centre: Poverty, Equity and Growth - Discussion Papers 76, Courant Research Centre PEG. Lagarde, C. (2016) The Business Case for Women’s Empowerment. IMF Loko, B. and Diouf, M.A. (2009) Revisiting the Determinants of Productivity Growth: What’s new?, IMF Working Paper Miller, G. (2008) Women's Suffrage, Political Responsiveness, and Child Survival in American History. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Volume 123, Issue 3:1, 1287– 1327 https://doi.org/10.1162/qjec.2008.123.3.1287 National Family Health Survey, NFHS- IV (2015-16) International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai; Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India National Sample Survey Office – NSSO (2013) 68th Round: Employment and Unemployment in India – 2011-2012. Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India NITI Aayog (2018) Healthy States, Progressive India: Report on the Ranks of States and Union Territories. Government of India Sample Registration System (2018) Special Bulleting on Maternal Mortality in India 2014-16. Office of the Registrar General, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India


Sample Registration System (2016) Statistical Report. Office of the Registrar General, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India Unified District Information System for Education, UDISE (2016) National University for Educational Planning and Administration UN. Sustainable Development Goals. Webpage accessed on 19.06.2018 Women's Development Corporation (2018) COMFED Evaluation. Department of Social Welfare, Government of Bihar. Wodon, Q., Male, C., Nayihouba, A., Onagoruwa, A., Savadogo, A., Yedan, A., Edmeades, J., Kes, A., John, N., Murithi, L., Steinhaus, M., and Petroni, S. (2017) Economic Impact of Child Marriage: Global Synthesis Report. The World Bank Group: Washington, DC Women and Men in India (2017) Ministry of Statistics & Programme Implementation, Government of India

ABOUT THE DATA SOURCES National Family Health Survey: The NFHS provides data on population, health, and nutrition indicators, at the household level and specifically for women and children. It is conducted every 6-10 years, and is considered to be a reliable source for outcome and coverage indicator data at the State and National level (NFHS 4, 2015-16 also provides district level estimates). Sample Registration System: The SRS provides annual estimates of birth rate, death rate, fertility and mortality indicators at the national and state levels. Census: The Census is conducted once every decade, and provides detailed demographic information at every administrative level; National, State, District, Block, Village. National Sample Survey Office: The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation conducts large-scale sample surveys on diverse fields across India. Its subject matter differs year-on-year. It provides estimates on economic productivity and participation, infrastructure, agricultural productivity, health access, and other significant indicators. UDISE: The Unified District Information System for Education provides district level data on school infrastructure, enrolment, and drop-out levels. Women's Development Corporation: Data on cases registered and resolved through the Women's Helpline relating to domestic violence, dowry suppression, second marriage of husband, property related disputes, sexual harassment and human trafficking.


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Documents

Department of Social Welfare · 2019-10-21 · Government of Bihar Preface In the last decade, Bihar has taken several forward strides to improve governance, strengthen infrastructure,