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Department of the Army, DoD Pt. 578
apply to the Commandant, UnitedStates Military Preparatory School,Fort Monmouth, New Jersey 07703.
(c) Filipino cadets. The Secretary ofthe Army may permit each enteringclass one Filipino, designated by thePresident of the Republic of the Phil-ippines, to receive instruction at theUnited States Military Academy.
(d) Foreign cadets. The law permits 20persons at a time from the Latin-American Republics and Canada to re-ceive instruction at the United StatesMilitary Academy. A maximum ofthree persons from any one countrymay be cadets at the same time. Suchpersons receive the same pay and al-lowances (including mileage from theirhomes in proceeding to the MilitaryAcademy for initial admission) as ca-dets appointed from the United States.However, they are not entitled to ap-pointment in the United States ArmedForces upon graduation. Citizens ofother foreign countries have been per-mitted from time to time to attend theMilitary Academy upon specific au-thorization of the United States Con-gress in each case. Applications mustbe submitted to the United States Gov-ernment through diplomatic channelsby the governments concerned. Re-quirements for the admission, advance-ment, and graduation of foreign cadetsare similar to those for United StatesCadets.
§ 575.4 [Reserved]
§ 575.5 Entrance requirements.This section describes the specific re-
quirements which candidates must ful-fill in addition to obtaining an appoint-ment as outlined in § 575.3.
(a) Age. On 1 July of the year admit-ted to the Military Academy a can-didate must be at least 17 years of ageand must not have passed his/her 22dbirthday. The age requirements for allcandidates are statutory and cannot bewaived.
(b) Citizenship. A candidate must be acitizen of the United States, exceptthose appointed specifically as foreigncadets.
(c) Character. Every candidate mustbe of good moral character.
(d) Marital Status. A candidate mustbe unmarried and not be pregnant or
have a legal obligation to support achild or children.
§ 575.6 Catalogue, United States Mili-tary Academy.
The latest edition of the catalogue,United States Military Academy, con-tains additional information regardingthe Academy and requirements for ad-mission. This publication may be ob-tained free of charge from the Reg-istrar, United States Military Acad-emy, West Point, NY 10996, or from theUnited States Army Military Per-sonnel Center, HQDA (DAPC–OPP–PM),200 Stovall Street, Alexandria, VA22332.
PART 578—DECORATIONS, MED-ALS, RIBBONS, AND SIMILAR DE-VICES
DECORATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS
Sec.578.1 Purpose.578.2 Definitions.578.3 General provisions governing the
awards of decorations.578.4 Medal of Honor.578.5 Distinguished Service Cross.578.6 Distinguished Service Medal.578.7 Silver Star.578.8 Legion of Merit.578.9 Distinguished Flying Cross.578.10 Soldier’s Medal.578.11 Bronze Star Medal.578.12 Air Medal.578.12a Joint Service Commendation Medal.578.13 Army Commendation Medal.578.14 Purple Heart.578.15 Medal for Merit.578.16 National Security Medal.578.17 Presidential Medal of Freedom.578.17a Distinguished Civilian Service
Medal.578.17b Outstanding Civilian Service Medal.578.18 Appurtenances to military decora-
tions.578.19 Foreign individual awards.578.20 Supply of medals and appurtenances.578.21 Original issue or replacement.578.22 Exhibition.578.23 Certificates for decorations: Issuance
for prior awards.578.24 Certificate of appreciation.578.25 Accolade and Gold Star lapel button.578.25a Certificate of Honorable Service and
Record Service (Deceased Military Per-sonnel).
578.25b Certificate of Achievement.578.25c Special Certificate of Achievement
for Public and Community Relations.
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386
32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.1
SERVICE MEDALS
578.26 General.578.27 Good Conduct Medal.578.28 Civil War Campaign Medal.578.29 Indian Campaign Medal.578.30 Spanish Campaign Medal.578.31 Spanish War Service Medal.578.32 Army of Cuban Occupation Medal.578.33 Army of Puerto Rican Occupation
Medal.578.34 Philippine Campaign Medal.578.35 Philippine Congressional Medal.578.36 China Campaign Medal.578.37 Army of Cuban Pacification Medal.578.38 Mexican Service Medal.578.39 Mexican Border Service Medal.578.40 World War I Victory Medal.578.41 Army of Occupation of Germany
Medal.578.42 American Defense Service Medal.578.43 Women’s Army Corps Service Medal.578.44 American Campaign Medal.578.45 Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal.578.46 European-African-Middle Eastern
Campaign Medal.578.47 World War II Victory Medal.578.48 Army of Occupation Medal.578.48a Medal for Humane Action.578.48b Korean Service Medal.578.48c Armed Forces Reserve Medal.578.48d United Nations Service Medal.578.48e National Defense Service Medal.578.48f Antarctica Service Medal.578.48g Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal.578.49 Service ribbons.578.49a Philippine service ribbons.578.49b United Nations Medal.578.52 Miniature service medals and appur-
tenances.578.53 Miniature service ribbons.578.54 Lapel buttons.578.56 Manufacture, sale, and illegal posses-
sion.
BADGES
578.60 Badges and tabs; general.578.61 Combat and special skill badges and
tabs.578.62 Qualification badges and tabs.
AUTHORITY: Sec. 3012, 70A Stat. 157; 10U.S.C. 3012.
SOURCE: 21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, unless oth-erwise noted.
DECORATIONS FOR INDIVIDUALS
§ 578.1 Purpose.The primary purpose of the awards
program is to provide tangible evidenceof public recognition for acts of valorand for exceptional service or achieve-ment. Medals constitute one of theprincipal forms for such evidence; in
the United States Army, medals are ofthe following categories:
(a) Military decorations are awardedon a restricted individual basis in rec-ognition of and as a reward for heroic,extraordinary, outstanding, and meri-torious acts, achievements, and serv-ices; and such visible evidence of rec-ognition is cherished by recipients.Decorations are primarily intended torecognize acts, achievements, and serv-ices in time of war.
(b) The Good Conduct Medal isawarded in recognition of exemplarybehavior, efficiency, and fidelity dur-ing enlisted status in active Federalmilitary service.
(c) Service medals are awarded gen-erally in recognition of honorable per-formance of duty during designatedcampaigns or conflicts. Award of deco-rations, and to a lesser degree, awardof the Good Conduct Medal and of serv-ice medals, provide a potent incentiveto greater effort, and are instrumentalin building and maintaining morale.
[26 FR 6434, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.2 Definitions.The following definitions are fur-
nished for clarity and uniformity inthe determination and award of decora-tions:
(a) Above and beyond the call of duty.Exercise of a voluntary course of ac-tion, the omission of which would notjustly subject the individual to censurefor failure in the performance of duty.It usually includes the acceptance ofexisting danger or extraordinary re-sponsibilities with praiseworthy for-titude and exemplary courage. In itshighest degrees it involves the vol-untary acceptance of additional dangerand risk of life.
(b) Combat heroism. Act or acts of her-oism by an individual engaged in:
(1) Actual conflict with an armedenemy, or
(2) Military operations which involveexposure to personal hazards, due to di-rect enemy action or the imminence ofsuch action.
(c) Combat zone. The region wherefighting is going on; the forward areaof the theater of operations where com-bat troops are actively engaged. It ex-tends from the front line to the front ofthe communications zone.
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387
Department of the Army, DoD § 578.2
(d) Duty of great responsibility. Dutywhich, by virtue of the position held,carries the ultimate responsibility forthe successful operation of a majorcommand, activity, agency, installa-tion, or project. The discharge of suchduty must involve the acceptance andfulfillment of the obligation so as togreatly benefit the interests of theUnited States.
(e) Duty of responsibility. Duty, whichby virtue of the positions held, carriesa high degree of the responsibility forthe successful operation of a majorcommand, activity, agency, installa-tion, or project, or which requires theexercise of judgment and decision af-fecting plans, policies, operations, orthe lives and well being of others.
(f) Heroism. Specific acts of braveryor outstanding courage, or a closely re-lated series of heroic acts performedwithin an exceptionally short period oftime.
(g) In connection with military oper-ations against an armed enemy. Thisphrase covers all military operationsincluding combat, support, and supplywhich have a direct bearing on the out-come of an engagement or engage-ments against armed opposition. Toperform duty or to accomplish an actof achievement in connection withmilitary operations against an armedenemy, the individual must have beensubjected either to personal hazard as aresult of direct enemy action (or theimminence of such action) or musthave had the conditions under whichhis duty or accomplishment took placecomplicated by enemy action or theimminence of enemy action.
(h) Key individual. A person who is oc-cupying a position that is indispen-sable to an organization, activity, orproject.
(i) Meritorious achievement. A praise-worthy accomplishment, with easilydiscernible beginning and end, carriedthrough to completion. The length oftime involved is not a considerationbut speed of accomplishment may be afactor in determining the worth of theenterprise.
(j) Meritorious service. Praiseworthyexecution of duties over a period oftime. Service differs from achievementin that service concerns a period oftime while achievement concerns an
enterprise having a definite beginningand end but not necessarily connectedwith a specific period of time.
(k) Peacetime criteria. The criteria ap-plied:
(1) In a period when the UnitedStates is not engaged in the prosecu-tion of a formal declared war, or
(2) Outside a combat zone when theUnited States is engaged in militaryoperations against an armed enemy,but is not prosecuting a formal de-clared war, except that in the commu-nications zone, those individuals whoseduties are in connection with militaryoperations against an armed enemymay be considered under war criteria.
(l) Shall have distinguished himself orherself by. The person thus describedmust have, by praiseworthy accom-plishment, set himself apart from hiscomrades or from other persons in thesame or similar circumstances. Deter-mination of this distinction requirescareful consideration of exactly what isor was expected as the ordinary, rou-tine, or customary behavior and ac-complishment for individuals of likerank and experience for the cir-cumstances involved.
(m) Wartime criteria. The criteria tobe applied under the following condi-tions:
(1) During a period of formal, de-clared war and for 1 year after the ces-sation of hostilities, or
(2) During a period of military oper-ations against an armed enemy and for1 year after the cessation of hostilities.Only those individuals actually in thecombat zone or those individuals in thecommunications zone whose duties in-volve direct control or support of com-bat operations, are to be consideredunder wartime criteria.
(n) Active Federal military service. Theterm ‘‘active Federal military service’’means all periods of active duty and,except for service creditable for theArmed Forces Reserve Medal, excludesperiods of active duty for training.Service as a cadet at the United StatesMilitary Academy is considered to beactive duty.
(o) He, his, him. Include the terms‘‘she’’ and ‘‘her,’’ as appropriate.
(p) Medal. A term used in either oftwo ways:
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388
32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.3
(1) To include the three categories ofawards, namely: decorations, GoodConduct Medal, and service medals; or
(2) To refer to the distinctive phys-ical device of metal and ribbon whichconstitutes the tangible evidence of anaward.
(q) Officer. Except where expressly in-dicated otherwise, the word ‘‘officer’’
means ‘‘commissioned or warrant offi-cer.’’
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 26 FR6434, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.3 General provisions governingthe awards of decorations.
(a) To whom awarded. See figure 1.
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389
Department of the Army, DoD § 578.3
FIG
UR
E1—
AR
MY
PE
RS
ON
AL
DE
CO
RA
TIO
NS
Dec
orat
ions
(Li
sted
in o
rder
of
prec
e-de
nce)
Aw
arde
d fo
r—A
war
ded
by—
Aw
arde
d to
—
Her
oism
Und
er w
arcr
iteria
a
Und
erpe
ace
cri-
teria
a
Mili
tary
Civ
ilian
Com
bat
Non
-Com
-ba
t
Ach
ieve
-m
ent
orse
rvic
eU
.S.
For
eign
U.S
.F
orei
gn
MIL
ITA
RY
Med
al o
f H
onor
(E
st.
1862
)...
......
......
.X
......
......
......
......
......
......
(1)
......
......
......
War
b...
......
......
....
......
......
......
......
.....
.D
istin
guis
hed
Ser
vice
C
ross
(E
st.
1918
).X
......
......
......
......
......
......
(3)
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...W
ar...
......
......
......
War
c...
......
......
....
War
.c
Dis
tingu
ishe
d S
ervi
ce
Med
al
(Est
.19
18).
......
......
......
......
......
......
X(2
)(2
)W
ar,
......
......
......
..W
ar1
......
......
......
.W
arc
1...
......
......
..W
ar.c
1
Pea
ce.
Silv
er S
tar
(Est
. 19
18)
......
......
......
......
X...
......
......
......
......
......
...(3
)...
......
......
...W
ar...
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...W
arc
......
......
......
.W
ar.c
Legi
on o
f M
erit
(Est
. 19
42)
......
......
.....
......
......
......
......
......
......
X(4
)(2
)W
ar,
......
......
......
..W
ar,
......
......
......
...
Pea
ced.
Dis
tingu
ishe
d F
lyin
g C
ross
(E
st.
1926
).X
eX
eX
e(3
)(2
)W
ar,
......
......
......
..W
ar...
......
......
......
.
Pea
ce.
Sol
dier
’s M
edal
(E
st.
1926
)...
......
......
....
......
......
...X
......
......
......
(3)
(2)
War
,...
......
......
.....
War
......
......
......
....
Pea
ce.
Bro
nze
Sta
r M
edal
(E
st.
1944
)...
......
..X
f...
......
......
...X
(3)
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...W
ar...
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...W
ar.c
Air
Med
al (
Est
. 19
42)
......
......
......
......
.X
e...
......
......
...X
c(3
)(2
)W
ar,
......
......
......
..W
ar...
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...W
ar.c
Pea
ce.
Arm
y C
omm
enda
tion
Med
al
(Est
.19
45).
......
......
......
XX
(3)
(52
)W
ar,
......
......
......
.....
......
......
......
......
...
Pea
cek
.P
urpl
e H
eart
(E
st.
1782
; R
eviv
ed19
32).
Wou
nds
......
......
......
(6)
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
......
.....
War
.
NO
NM
ILIT
AR
Y
Med
al f
or M
erit
(Est
. 19
42)
......
......
....
......
......
......
......
......
......
X(1
)...
......
......
......
......
......
......
......
.....
......
......
......
......
..W
arj
......
......
......
..W
ar.
Nat
iona
l Sec
urity
Med
al (
Est
. 19
53)
..X
XX
(1)
(1)
War
......
......
......
...P
eace
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...P
eace
......
......
......
War
......
......
......
...P
eace
......
......
......
War
.
Med
al o
f F
reed
om (
Est
. 19
42)
......
.....
XX
X(4
)(3
)...
......
......
......
......
..P
eace
g...
......
......
Pea
ceh
......
......
...P
eace
.gD
istin
guis
hed
Civ
ilian
S
ervi
ce
Med
al(E
st.
1957
)....
......
......
......
......
......
...X
......
......
......
(2)
......
......
......
......
.....
......
......
......
......
.....
Pea
cei
......
......
....
Pea
ce.
Out
stan
ding
C
ivili
an
Ser
vice
M
edal
(Est
. 19
60).
......
......
......
......
......
......
X...
......
......
...(2
)...
......
......
......
......
.....
......
......
......
......
..P
eace
i...
......
......
.P
eace
.
1P
resi
dent
of
the
U.S
. H
e m
ay a
war
d al
l dec
orat
ions
; on
ly h
e m
ay a
war
d th
e M
edal
of
Hon
or.
2S
ecre
tary
of
the
Arm
y. S
ecre
tary
of
Def
ense
aw
ards
the
LM
to
fore
ign
mili
tary
per
sonn
el.
3S
enio
r A
rmy
com
man
der
of a
ny s
epar
ate
forc
e. H
e m
ay d
eleg
ate
his
auth
ority
to
(a)
any
subo
rdin
ate
com
man
der
in t
he g
rade
of
maj
or g
ener
al o
r hi
gher
and
(b)
any
brig
adie
r ge
nera
lw
ho c
omm
ands
a t
actic
al u
nit,
and,
as
such
, oc
cupi
es a
pos
ition
vac
ancy
of
a m
ajor
gen
eral
. E
xcep
tion:
Aut
horit
y to
aw
ard
the
DS
C t
o fo
reig
n pe
rson
nel i
s re
tain
ed b
y th
e S
ecre
tary
of
the
Arm
y.
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390
32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.3
4C
omm
ande
rs s
peci
fical
ly d
esig
nate
d by
the
Sec
reta
ry o
f th
e A
rmy
(usu
ally
the
ater
com
man
ders
).5
Com
man
der
in t
he g
rade
or
posi
tion
of m
ajor
gen
eral
or
high
er,
head
s of
Hq
DA
Sta
ff ag
enci
es.
6C
omm
ande
r of
any
sep
arat
e fo
rce
in t
he g
rade
or
posi
tion
of a
maj
or g
ener
al o
r hi
gher
. H
e m
ay d
eleg
ate
his
auth
ority
to
any
field
gra
de o
ffice
r.a
Pea
ce c
riter
ia a
pply
to
all
pers
onne
l in
tim
es o
f to
tal
peac
e; s
imila
rly,
war
crit
eria
app
ly t
o al
l pe
rson
nel
in t
imes
of
form
al d
ecla
red
war
plu
s 1
year
the
reaf
ter.
Whe
n no
for
mal
war
has
been
dec
lare
d bu
t th
e U
.S.
is e
ngag
ed i
n m
ilita
ry o
pera
tions
aga
inst
an
arm
ed e
nem
y, a
ll pe
rson
nel
in t
he c
omba
t zo
ne a
nd c
erta
in i
ndiv
idua
ls i
n th
e co
mm
unic
atio
ns z
one
(i.e.
, on
ly t
hose
who
se d
utie
s in
volv
e di
rect
con
trol
or
supp
ort
of c
omba
t op
erat
ions
) ar
e co
nsid
ered
und
er w
ar c
riter
ia;
all r
emai
ning
per
sonn
el a
re c
onsi
dere
d un
der
peac
e cr
iteria
.b
Arm
y M
edal
of
Hon
or is
aw
arde
d on
ly t
o A
rmy
offic
er a
nd e
nlis
ted
pers
onne
l.c
Not
usu
ally
aw
arde
d to
the
se p
erso
nnel
.d
Aw
arde
d to
for
eign
mili
tary
in o
ne o
f fo
ur d
egre
es.
The
deg
rees
of
Chi
ef C
omm
ande
r an
d C
omm
ande
r co
mpa
re t
o aw
ard
of t
he D
SM
to
U.S
. m
ilita
ry,
the
degr
ees
of O
ffice
r an
d Le
gion
-na
ire c
ompa
re t
o aw
ard
of t
he L
M t
o U
.S.
mili
tary
. S
econ
d or
suc
ceed
ing
awar
ds o
f th
is d
ecor
atio
n m
ust
be in
the
sam
e or
a h
ighe
r de
gree
tha
n th
e pr
evio
us a
war
d.e
Mus
t m
eet
requ
irem
ent
‘‘whi
le p
artic
ipat
ing
in a
eria
l flig
ht.’’
fM
ust
mee
t re
quire
men
t ‘‘i
n ac
tual
gro
und
com
bat’’
for
val
or,
awar
ded
with
a b
ronz
e st
ar ‘‘
V’’
devi
ce t
o di
stin
guis
h fr
om a
n aw
ard
mad
e fo
r ac
hiev
emen
t or
ser
vice
.g
Aw
arde
d to
for
eign
per
sonn
el i
n on
e of
fou
r de
gree
s: G
old
Pal
m (
corr
espo
nds
to L
M,
Chi
ef,
Com
man
der
degr
ee);
Silv
er P
alm
(co
rres
pond
s to
LM
, C
omm
ande
r de
gree
); B
ronz
e P
alm
(cor
resp
onds
to
LM,
Offi
cer
and
Legi
onna
ire d
egre
es);
and
with
out
Pal
m (
corr
espo
nds
to B
ronz
e S
tar
Med
al).
Onl
y on
e M
edal
of
Fre
edom
, ei
ther
with
or
with
out
palm
, is
aw
arde
d to
any
one
pers
on.
Sec
ond
and
succ
essi
ve a
war
ds m
ay b
e ev
iden
ced
by t
he a
dditi
on o
f a
palm
of
a hi
gher
deg
ree.
hT
he m
erito
rious
act
or
serv
ice
mus
t be
of
degr
ee r
equi
red
for
the
awar
d of
the
BS
M t
o U
.S.
mili
tary
. U
sual
ly a
war
ded
for
acts
or
serv
ices
per
form
ed w
ithin
an
activ
e th
eate
r of
ope
r-at
ions
, ne
ver
for
acts
of
serv
ices
per
form
ed w
ithin
con
tinen
tal l
imits
of
the
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.3
(b) Recommendations. (1) It is the re-sponsibility and privilege of any indi-vidual having personal knowledge of anact, achievement, or service believed towarrant the award of a decoration tosubmit a recommendation for consider-ation. It is usually desirable that theintended recipient not be informed of apending recommendation or given animplied promise of an award prior tofinal approval and clearance. This isespecially true when the intended re-cipient is a foreigner.
(2) Recommendations may be sub-mitted in letter form but it is pref-erable that DA Form 638 (Rec-ommendation for Award (Heroism,meritorious achievement or service))be used. This form is self-explanatory;however, close attention to detail ismost essential. A separate rec-ommendation including a proposed ci-tation will be submitted for each pro-posed award and only one proposed re-cipient will be named in a single rec-ommendation. Lucid reporting of facts,not flowery generalities, will be mostlikely to achieve the object of the rec-ommendation. Statements of eye-witnesses, extracts from officialrecords, sketches, maps, diagrams, pho-tographs, etc., will be attached to sup-port and amplify stated facts. State-ments must be signed and the signerclearly identified by his organizationor address; if in the military servicethe service number should be included.All other documentation should be au-thenticated and related to the basicrecommendation. The proposed cita-tion usually will be limited to onetypewritten page (8 by 101⁄2 inches) dou-ble spaced.
(3) To be fully effective a decorationmust be timely. Undue delay in thesubmission of a recommendation maypreclude its consideration as noted inparagraph (m) of this section. It ishighly desirable that a recommenda-tion be placed in military channels andacted on as quickly as possible. If cir-cumstances preclude submission of acompletely documented recommenda-tion it is best to submit it as soon aspossible and note that additional datais to be submitted later. Action by in-termediate headquarters and by thefinal approving authority will be as ex-
peditious as possible, consistent withfull and weighted judgment.
(4) A recommendation for the awardof a decoration based on a period ofmeritorious service will not normallybe acted on more than 30 days prior tothe projected end of that period. Suchan award normally will not be madeuntil the duties which the individualhas been performing are terminated.When an individual departing an orga-nization or installation desires to ini-tiate a recommendation for an awardfor meritorious service for an indi-vidual who is remaining in the com-mand, he should leave the rec-ommendation in written form with thecommanding officer or with his ownsuccessor for final action when the per-son recommended becomes eligible forconsideration, as indicated in para-graphs (b)(1) to (4) of this section.
(5) Recommendations for all awardswhich may not be finally acted on inthe field pursuant to delegated author-ity will be forwarded through channelsto The Adjutant General, or directly toThe Adjutant General if the use ofmilitary channels is impracticable.Each intermediate headquarters willexpress approval or disapproval, indi-cating reasons if disapproved. When aninterim award is made a copy of the or-ders and citation will be added to therecommendation when it is forwarded.
(c) By whom awarded—wartime cri-teria. The award of the Medal of Honoris made by the President. Awards ofother decorations are made by thePresident, the Secretary of Defense,and the Secretary of the Army, exceptthat during a period when wartime cri-teria apply, authority to award decora-tions is delegated as follows:
(1) The Distinguished-Service Cross,Silver Star, Distinguished-FlyingCross, Soldier’s Medal, Bronze StarMedal, Air Medal, and CommendationRibbon with Metal Pendant may beawarded to members of the ArmedForces of the United States by the sen-ior Army commander of any separateforce or by subordinate commanders towhom he may delegate this authority,provided that the authority will not bedelegated to any commander below thegrade of major general. Authority maybe delegated to any commander in thegrade of brigadier general while he is
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in command of a tactical unit and, assuch, is occupying the established posi-tion vacancy of a major general. Noaward will be made under the provi-sions of this paragraph to a member ofanother United States Armed Forcesservice without the concurrence of therespective senior commander present.
(2) The Distinguished-Service Crossand Silver Star may be awarded by thecommanding general of a United StatesArmy force in a theater of operationsto officers and members of crews ofships of the United States MerchantMarine serving under his jurisdiction.
(3) The Legion of Merit may beawarded only by commanders specifi-cally designated by the Secretary ofthe Army.
(4) The Silver Star, Distinguished-Flying Cross, Soldier’s Medal, BronzeStar Medal, and Air Medal may beawarded by the commanders indicatedin paragraph (c)(1) of this section, tomembers of the armed forces of friend-ly foreign nations, provided concur-rence has been obtained from the sen-ior commander present in the theaterof hostilities for an award to one of hisown nationals, except as shown inparagraphs (c)(4) (i) and (ii) of this sec-tion. Such concurrence will be regardedas constituting approval by his govern-ment for acceptance of the award. Arecommendation for any of theseawards will be forwarded to the Depart-ment of the Army when:
(i) The senior commander of a co-belligerent force is unable to obtainthe approval of his government.
(ii) An award to a flag or general offi-cer or to the senior officer of the co-belligerent force present in the area iscontemplated.
(5) The Purple Heart may be awardedby the commanding general of any sep-arate force who is in the grade or posi-tion of a major general or higher or byany field grade officer to whom he maydelegate the authority. The award maybe made to members of the ArmedForces of the United States, to officersand members of crews of ships of theUnited States Merchant Marine servingwithin the area of his command, to ci-vilian citizens of the United Statesserving with the Army, and to civiliancitizens of the United States whosepresence within the command has been
approved (examples: war correspond-ents, Red Cross, and USO personnel).
(6) The Medal of Freedom may beawarded by such officers as may be des-ignated by the Secretary of the Army.
(7) The National Security Medal shallbe awarded by the President or his des-ignee for that purpose under eitherwartime or peacetime criteria.
(d) By whom awarded; peacetime cri-teria. (1) Awards for peacetime serviceare made by the President, the Sec-retary of Defense, and the Secretary ofthe Army.
(2) No peacetime award of an Armydecoration will be made to a member ofanother United States Armed ForcesService without concurrence from themilitary department concerned.
(3) The Legion of Merit, the Soldier’sMedal, the Army CommendationMedal, the Decoration for Distin-guished Civilian Service and the Out-standing Civilian Service Award arethe only United States decorationswhich may be awarded by the Depart-ment of the Army to foreign nationalsunder peacetime criteria. The BronzeStar Medal may be awarded by the De-partment of the Army to foreign na-tionals under peacetime criteria duringa period and in specified areas whereUnited States troops are engaged inmilitary operations involving conflictwith an opposing foreign force or whileserving with friendly foreign forces en-gaged in an armed conflict against anopposing armed force in which theUnited States is not a belligerentparty.
(4) Authority to award the JointService Commendation Medal has beendelegated by the Secretary of Defenseto:
(i) The Deputy Secretary of Defensefor awards to military personnel as-signed to the Office of the Secretary ofDefense.
(ii) The Chairman, Joint Chiefs ofStaff for awards to military personnelon his staff, and in those agencies andactivities reporting through his staff.
(iii) Director, Defense Supply Agencyfor awards to military personnel on hisstaff.
(iv) Director, National SecurityAgency for award to military personnelon his staff.
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.3
(v) Commanders in Chief of Unifiedand Specified Commands, for awards tomilitary personnel assigned to their re-spective headquarters and to thosejoint agencies and activities reportingto or through their commands.In wartime, this authority may be fur-ther delegated at the direction of theSecretary of Defense.
(5) The Army Commendation Medalmay be awarded for heroism, meri-torious achievement or meritoriousservice by any commander in the gradeor position of a Major General or high-er and by the heads of HeadquartersDepartment of the Army staff agenciesto members of the Army of the UnitedStates below the grade of BrigadierGeneral. The Army CommendationMedal may be awarded by the appro-priate commander as an interim awardin accordance with paragraph (g) ofthis section in those cases involvingheroism and for which a recommenda-tion for the award of the DistinguishedFlying Cross or the Soldier’s Medal hasbeen submitted. Awards of the ArmyCommendation Medal may also bemade under the provisions of AR 672–301 (Incentive Awards).
(6) The National Security Medal isawarded as noted in paragraph (c)(7) ofthis section.
(e) Civilian components. Awards of theSoldier’s Medal, Distinguished-FlyingCross, Air Medal, and CommendationRibbon with Metal Pendant may bemade by the Secretary of the Army tomembers of the civilian components ofthe Army not in Federal service or onactive duty for acts and services inci-dent to membership in such civiliancomponents or directly related to at-tendance on occasions of military duty.
(f) Posthumous awards. Awards maybe made following the decease of theperson being honored in the same man-ner as they are made for a living per-son except that the orders and citationwill indicate that the award is beingmade posthumously. Engraved certifi-cates for presentation with the decora-tions will not contain the word post-humous. When the next of kin residesin the United States, orders announc-ing the award, together with the cita-tion and related papers will be for-warded to The Adjutant General whowill cause presentation to be made. El-
igible classes of next of kin are listedin the order of their precedence in§ 578.25a(b).
(g) Interim awards. To insure promptrecognition of an act, achievement, orservice, the award of a suitable lessermilitary decoration may be made byappropriate authority pending final ac-tion on a recommendation for a higheraward. Each such lesser award will berevoked simultaneously with an awardof a higher military decoration for thesame act.
(h) Awards of a lower decoration. Whenan interim award has not been made asprovided in paragraph (g) of this sec-tion, the commander having authorityto take final action in the case mayaward a lower decoration in lieu of theone recommended.
(i) Duplication of awards. Only onemilitary decoration will be awarded forthe same act, achievement, or period ofmeritorious service. An award for meri-torious service may include meri-torious achievements, but duplicatingawards will not be made for meri-torious achievement and meritoriousservice involving the same period oftime. Continuation of the same orsimilar type service already recognizedby an award for meritorious servicewill not be given a second award. If ap-propriate, an award may be made to in-clude the extended period of service bysuperseding the earlier award, or ifconsidered appropriate by the awardingauthority, and desired by the indi-vidual, the award previously made maybe amended to incorporate the ex-tended period of service. An award forheroism performed within a periodwhich is recognized by an award formeritorious service is not a duplica-tion.
(j) Conversion of awards. Awards ofcertain decorations on the basis of ex-isting letters, certificates, and/or or-ders, as hereinafter authorized will bemade only upon letter application ofthe individuals concerned to The Adju-tant General, Washington, DC 20310. Ifpossible, the applicant for the conver-sion of an award of the Bronze StarMedal or Commendation Ribbon shouldinclose the original or a copy of thedocumentation which he wishes tohave considered, or furnish all possibledetails as to time, place, and deed or
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service to assist in locating any copy ofthe commendation which may havebeen recorded.
(k) Character of service. No decorationshall be awarded or presented to anyindividual whose entire service subse-quent to the time of the distinguishedact, achievement, or service shall nothave been honorable. The Act of July 9,1918 (40 Stat. 871) as amended (10 U.S.C.1409); the Act of July 2, 1926 (44 Stat.789), as amended (10 U.S.C. 1429).
(l) Disapproval of awards. Whenever arecommendation for the award of adecoration is disapproved, the dis-approving officer will indicate the spe-cific reason or reasons for such action.The disapproval of a recommendationby an officer subordinate to the com-mander having authority to award thedecoration will not constitute author-ity for the return of the recommenda-tion to the initiator, except that rec-ommendations for an award for meri-torious service which describe only per-formance of normal duty in time ofpeace will be automatically dis-approved and returned to the initiator.All recommendations which have beenfinally disapproved by the commanderhaving authority to award the decora-tion recommended will be consideredby that commander for the award of alesser but appropriate decorationwhich, if approved, will be forwarded inlieu thereof. All disapproved rec-ommendations will be returned to theinitiator if he is in the military serviceand will be returned through the samechannels employed for forwarding.
(m) Time limitations. By operation oflaw a military decoration will not beawarded more than 3 years after theaction or period of service being hon-ored, and in each instance the rec-ommendation for an award must be for-mally entered into military channelswithin 2 years of the date of the act,achievement, or service to be honored.
(1) Awards of military decorationsmay be made in cases where prior simi-lar recommendations have been actedupon by commanders who had author-ity to approve the awards, provided therequests for reconsideration or upgrad-ing are submitted within the time lim-its prescribed above and such requestsare accompanied by new and materialevidence in support thereof.
(2) Awards of military decorationsmay be made in recognition of pre-viously issued orders, letters, or cer-tificates, and in exchange of decora-tions as may be authorized in this sec-tion.
(n) Announcement of awards. Allawards made pursuant to delegated au-thority will be announced in generalorders by the commander authorized tomake the award. Complete citationsfor acts of heroism are normally in-cluded in orders announcing the award.Orders announcing awards for meri-torious achievement and meritoriousservice normally include only theplaces and inclusive dates of suchachievements and services; the com-plete citation is then prepared sepa-rately for presentation and record pur-poses. Awards made by the Presidentand the Secretary of the Army will beannounced in Department of the ArmyGeneral Orders when appropriate.
(o) Recording of awards. The award ofa military decoration will be entered inthe personnel records of the recipientand in the unit history of his organiza-tion in the manner prescribed in Armyregulations.
(p) Engraving of awards. The Medal ofHonor is engraved with the grade,name, and organization of the recipi-ent. The Medal of Freedom is engravedon the edge, and the reverse of allother decorations is engraved with thename of the recipient. Normally, en-graving will be accomplished prior topresentation. When this is impracti-cable, the recipient will be advised ofhis privilege to mail the decoration toCommanding General, PhiladelphiaQuartermaster Depot, Philadelphia,Pennsylvania, for engraving at Govern-ment expense.
(q) Presentation of decoration—(1)Medal of Honor. The Medal of Honor isusually presented to living recipientsby the President of the United Statesat the White House. Posthumous pres-entation to the next of kin is normallymade in Washington, DC, by the Presi-dent or his personal representative.
(2) Other United States military decora-tions. Presentation will be timely. Theywill be made with an appropriate air offormality and with fitting ceremony.
(3) Conversion awards. Conversionawards are not usually presented with
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formal ceremony, however, such pres-entation may be made at the discretionof local commanders.
(4) Act of presentation. A decorationmay be pinned on the clothing of therecipient, whether in uniform or civil-ian clothing or on the next of kin inthe case of an award following death;however, this will not be construed asauthority for any person other thanthe individual honored by the decora-tion to wear it. As an alternative topinning the decoration, it may behanded to the recipient in an opendecoration container.
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 21 FR10010, Dec. 18, 1956; 24 FR 1790, Mar. 12, 1959;26 FR 6434, July 18, 1961; 29 FR 527, Jan. 22,1964]
§ 578.4 Medal of Honor.(a) Criteria. The Medal of Honor, es-
tablished by Joint Resolution of Con-gress, 12 July 1862 (amended by Act of9 July 1918 and Act of 25 July 1963) isawarded in the name of Congress to aperson who, while a member of theArmy, distinguished himself conspicu-ously by gallantry and intrepidity atthe risk of his life above and beyondthe call of duty while engaged in an ac-tion against an enemy of the UnitedStates; while engaged in military oper-ations involving conflict with an op-posing foreign force; or while servingwith friendly foreign forces engaged inan armed conflict against an opposingarmed force in which the United Statesis not a belligerent party (figure 1).The deed performed must have beenone of personal bravery or self-sacrificeso conspicuous as to clearly distinguishthe individual above his comrades andmust have involved risk of life. Incon-testable proof of the performance ofthe service will be exacted and eachrecommendation for the award of thisdecoration will be considered on thestandard of extraordinary merit. Eligi-bility is limited to members of theArmy of the United States in activeFederal military service.
(b) Description. A gold-finished bronzestar, one point down, 19⁄16 inches in di-ameter with rays terminating intrefoils, surrounded by a laurel wreathin green enamel, suspended by twolinks from a bar bearing the inscrip-tion ‘‘Valor’’ and surmounted by an
eagle grasping laurel leaves in one clawand arrows in the other. In the centerof the star is the head of Minerva sur-rounded by the inscription ‘‘UnitedStates of America.’’ Each ray of thestar bears an oak leaf in green enamel.On the reverse of the bar are stampedthe words ‘‘The Congress To.’’ Themedal is suspended by a hook to a ringfastened behind the eagle. The hook isattached to a light-blue moired silkneckband, 13⁄16 inches in width and 213⁄4inches in length, behind a square pad inthe center made of the ribbon with thecorners turned in. On the ribbon barare 13 white stars arranged in the formof a triple chevron, consisting of twochevrons of 5 stars and one chevron of3 stars. A hexagonal rosette of light-blue ribbon 1⁄2 inch circumscribing di-ameter, with a fan-shaped ribbon insertshowing white stars, is included forwear on civilian clothing.
(c) Medal of Honor Roll. The Medal ofHonor Roll was established by Act ofCongress, April 27, 1916, as amended, 38U.S.C. 560. It provides that each Medalof Honor awardee may have his nameentered on the Medal of Honor Roll.Each person whose name is placed onthe Roll is certified to the Veterans’Administration as being entitled to re-ceive a special pension of $100 permonth for life, payable monthly bythat agency. The payment of this spe-cial pension is in addition to, and doesnot deprive the pensioner of any otherpension, benefit, right, or privilege towhich he is or may thereafter be enti-tled. A written application must bemade by the awardee to have his nameplaced on the Medal of Honor Roll andto receive the special pension. ForArmy personnel, proper blanks and in-structions shall be furnished withoutcharge upon request to The AdjutantGeneral, Department of the Army,Washington, DC 20314, Attention:AGPB–AC. The application must bearthe full personal signature of the appli-cant.
(d) Additional benefits. (1) Air trans-portation: See AR 96–20 (Army Regula-tions pertaining to Air Transpor-tation).
(2) Sons of winners of the Medal ofHonor, otherwise qualified for admis-sion to the United States MilitaryAcademy, will not be subject to quota
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requirements (see annual catalog,United States Military Academy).
(Sec. 3741, 70A Stat. 215; 10 U.S.C. 3741)
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 29 FR527, Jan. 22, 1964; 35 FR 9279, June 13, 1970]
§ 578.5 Distinguished Service Cross.
(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Serv-ice Cross, established by Act of Con-gress 9 July 1918 (amended by Act of 25July 1963), is awarded to a person who,while serving in any capacity with theArmy, distinguishes himself by ex-traordinary heroism not justifying theaward of a Medal of Honor while en-gaged in an action against an enemy ofthe United States, while engaged inmilitary operations involving conflictwith an opposing force, or while serv-ing with friendly foreign forces en-gaged in an armed conflict against anopposing armed force in which theUnited States is not a belligerent party(figure 1). The act or acts of heroismmust have been so notable and have in-volved risk of life so extraordinary asto set the individual apart from hiscomrades.
(b) Description. A cross of bronze 2inches in height and 113⁄16 inches inwidth with an eagle on the center anda scroll below the eagle bearing the in-scription ‘‘For Valor.’’ On the reverse,the center of the cross is circled by awreath. The cross is suspended by aring from moired silk ribbon, 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of a band of red (1⁄8-inch), white(1⁄16-inch), blue (1-inch), white (1⁄16-inch), and red (1⁄8-inch).
(Sec. 3742, 70A Stat. 215; 10 U.S.C. 3742)
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 29 FR527, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.6 Distinguished Service Medal.
(a) Criteria. (1) The DistinguishedService Medal, established by Act ofCongress on July 9, 1918, is awarded toany person who, while serving in anycapacity with the Army of the UnitedStates, shall have distinguished him-self or herself by exceptionally meri-torious service to the Government in aduty of great responsibility (Fig. 1).The performance must be such as tomerit recognition for service which isclearly exceptional. Superior perform-
ance of normal duty will not alone jus-tify an award of this decoration.
(2) For service not related to actualwar the term ‘‘duty of great responsi-bility’’ applies to a narrower range ofpositions than in time of war, and re-quires evidence of conspicuously sig-nificant achievement. However, jus-tification of the award may accrue byvirtue of exceptionally meritoriousservice in a succession of high posi-tions of great importance.
(3) Awards may be made to personsother than members of the ArmedForces of the United States for war-time services only, and then only underexceptional circumstances with the ex-press approval of the President, in eachcase.
(b) Description. The coat of arms ofthe United States in bronze surroundedby a circle of dark-blue enamel 11⁄2inches in diameter, bearing the inscrip-tion ‘‘For Distinguished ServiceMCMXVIII.’’ On the reverse, a blankscroll upon a trophy of flags and weap-ons. The medal is suspended by a barfrom a moired silk ribbon, 13⁄8 inches inlength and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of a bank of scarlet (5⁄8-inch), astripe of dark-blue (1⁄16-inch), a band ofwhite (5⁄8-inch), a stripe of dark-blue(1⁄16-inch), and a band of scarlet (5⁄16-inch).
(Sec. 3743, 70A Stat. 216; 10 U.S.C. 3743)
§ 578.7 Silver Star.(a) Criteria. The Silver Star, estab-
lished by Act of Congress 9 July 1918(amended by Act of 25 July 1963), isawarded to a person who, while servingin any capacity with the Army, is citedfor gallantry in action that does notwarrant a Medal of Honor or Distin-guished Service Cross while engaged inan action against an enemy of theUnited States, while engaged in mili-tary operations involving conflict withan opposing foreign force, or whileserving with friendly foreign forces en-gaged in an armed conflict against anopposing armed force in which theUnited States is not a belligerent party(figure 1). The required gallantry, whileof lesser degree than that required forthe award of the Medal of Honor or Dis-tinguished Service Cross, must never-theless have been performed withmarked distinction. It is also awarded
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.8
upon letter application to The Adju-tant General to those individuals who,while serving in any capacity with theArmy, received a citation for gallantryin action in World War I published inorders issued by the headquarters of ageneral officer.
(b) Description. A bronze star 11⁄2inches in circumscribing diameter. Inthe center thereof is a 3⁄16-inch diame-ter raised silver star, the center linesof all rays of both stars coinciding. Thereverse has the inscription ‘‘For Gal-lantry in Action.’’ The star is sus-pended by a rectangular-shaped metalloop with corners rounded from amoired silk ribbon 13⁄8 inches in lengthand 13⁄8 inches in width, composed ofstripes of blue (3⁄32-inch), white (3⁄64-inch), blue (7⁄32-inch), white (7⁄32-inch),red (7⁄32-inch), white (7⁄32-inch), blue (7⁄32-inch), white (3⁄64-inch), and blue (3⁄32-inch).
(Sec. 3746, 70A Stat. 216; 10 U.S.C. 3746)
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 29 FR527, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.8 Legion of Merit.The Legion of Merit, established by
Act of Congress July 20, 1942, is award-ed to any member of the Armed Forcesof the United States or of a friendlyforeign nation who has distinguishedhimself or herself by exceptionallymeritorious conduct in the perform-ance of outstanding services. See figure1.
(a) Criteria for Armed Forces of theUnited States. (1) The performance musthave been such as to merit recognitionof key individuals for service renderedin a clearly exceptional manner. Supe-rior performance of duties normal tothe grade, branch, specialty, or assign-ment, and experience of an individualis not an adequate basis for this award.
(2) For service not related to actualwar, the term ‘‘key individuals’’ ap-plies to a narrower range of positionsthan in time of war and requires evi-dence of significant achievement. Suchservice, performed in peacetime, shouldbe in the nature of a special require-ment or the performance of an ex-tremely difficult duty in an unprece-dented and clearly exceptional manner.However, justification of the awardmay accrue by virtue of exceptionally
meritorious service in a succession ofimportant positions.
(3) The accomplishment of the dutyshould have been completed prior tosubmitting a recommendation, or if theperson being recommended has beentransferred prior to completion, the ac-complishment must have progressed towhat may be clearly determined to bean exceptional degree.
(4) Awards will be made without ref-erence to degree and for each suchaward, the Legion of Merit (Legion-naire) will be issued.
(b) Criteria for armed forces of foreignnations. (1) See AR 672–7 (Army Regula-tions pertaining to Legion of Merit forforeign nationals).
(2) Each award will be made in one ofthe following degrees, which are listedin order or rank:
(i) Chief Commander.(ii) Commander.(iii) Officer.(iv) Legionnaire.(3) Awards of this decoration in the
degrees of Chief Commander and Com-mander are comparable to awards ofthe Distinguished-Service Medal andthe standards prescribed in § 578.6 (a)will be applied in considering suchawards.
(4) Awards in the lesser degrees ofthis decoration are comparable toawards of the Legion of Merit to mem-bers of the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates and the standards prescribed inparagraph (a) of this section are appli-cable.
(5) Second or succeeding awards ofthis decoration will be in the same or ahigher degree than the previous award.
(c) Description—(1) Chief Commander.A domed five-pointed American whitestar plaque of heraldic form borderedin purplish-red enamel 215⁄16 inches cir-cumscribing diameter with 13 whitestars on a blue field emerging from acircle of clouds; backing the star, alaurel wreath with pierced, crossed ar-rows pointing outward between eacharm of the star and the wreath. The re-verse is engraved with the words‘‘United States of America.’’
(2) Commander. A five-pointed Amer-ican white star of heraldic form bor-dered in purplish-red enamel 21⁄4-inchescircumscribing diameter with 13 whitestars on a blue field emerging from a
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.9
circle of clouds; backing the star, alaurel wreath with pierced, crossed ar-rows pointing outward between eacharm of the star and the wreath. Abronze wreath connects an oval suspen-sion ring to a neck ribbon. The reverseof the five-pointed star is enameled inwhite. bordered in purplish-red enamel;in the center is a disk surrounded bythe words ‘‘Annuit Coeptis’’ and‘‘MDCCLXXXII,’’ and on the scroll arethe words ‘‘United States of America.’’The moired silk neck ribbon is 211⁄4inches in length and 115⁄16 inches inwidth composed of a bank of purplish-red (113⁄16-inches) with edges of white(1⁄16-inch).
(3) Officer. A five-pointed Americanwhite star of heraldic form bordered inpurplish-red enamel 17⁄8-inches circum-scribing diameter with 13 white starson a blue field emerging from a circleof clouds; backing the star, a laurelwreath with modeled, crossed arrowspointing outward between each arm ofthe star and the wreath, and an all-bronze device of the same design as thependant 3⁄4 inch in diameter on the cen-ter of the suspension ribbon. On the re-verse is a disk surrounded by the words‘‘Annuit Coeptis’’ and‘‘MDCCLXXXII,’’ and on the scroll arethe words ‘‘United States of America.’’The pendant is suspended by a moiredsilk ribbon 17⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width, composed of a bank ofpurplish-red (11⁄4-inches) with edges ofwhite (1⁄16-inch).
(4) Legionnaire. Same as prescribed inparagraph (c)(3) of this section, exceptthe all-bronze device is not worn on theribbon.
(Sec. 1121, 70A Stat. 88; 10 U.S.C. 1121, E.O.9260, October 29, 1942, 7 FR 8819, 3 CFR, 1943Cum. Supp.)
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 22 FR9692, Dec. 4, 1957]
§ 578.9 Distinguished Flying Cross.(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Flying
Cross, established by Act of CongressJuly 2, 1926, is awarded to any memberof the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates and of friendly foreign nationswho while serving in any capacity withthe Army of the United States, shallhave distinguished himself or herselfby heroism or extraordinary achieve-ment while participating in aerial
flight (figure 1). The performance ofthe act of heroism must be evidencedby voluntary action in the face of greatdanger above and beyond the call ofduty while participating in aerialflight. The extraordinary achievementwhile participating in aerial flightmust have resulted in an accomplish-ment so exceptional and outstanding asto clearly set the individual apart fromhis comrades, or from other persons insimilar circumstances. Awards will bemade only to recognize single acts ofheroism or extraordinary achievementand will not be made in recognition ofsustained operational activitiesagainst an armed enemy. It should alsobe noted that if a higher decoration isconsidered to be merited for the her-oism or extraordinary achievementwhile participating in aerial flight, rec-ommendation may be made for any ap-propriate higher award.
(b) Description. On a bronze 11⁄2-inchcross pattee, a four-bladed propeller111⁄16 inches across the blades; in the re-entrant angles, rays forming a 1-inchsquare. The cross is suspended by aplain, straight link from a moired silkribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width, composed of stripes ofblue (7⁄64-inches), white (9⁄64-inch), blue(11⁄32-inch), white (3⁄64-inch), red (3⁄32-inch), white (3⁄64-inch), blue (11⁄32-inch),white (9⁄64-inch), and blue (7⁄64-inch).
(Sec. 3749, 70A Stat. 217; 10 U.S.C. 3749, E.O.4601, March 1, 1927, as amended by E.O. 7786,January 8, 1938, 3 FR 39)
§ 578.10 Soldier’s Medal.
(a) Criteria. The Soldier’s Medal, es-tablished by Act of Congress July 2,1926, is awarded to any person who,while serving in any capacity with theArmy of the United States, shall havedistinguished himself or herself by her-oism not involving actual conflict withan armed enemy (figure 1). The samedegree of heroism is required as thatfor an award of the Distinguished Fly-ing Cross. The performance must haveinvolved personal hazard or danger andthe voluntary risk of life under condi-tions other than those involving con-flict with an armed enemy. Awards willnot be made solely on the basis of hav-ing saved a life. The award of this deco-ration will be limited to members of
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.12
the Armed Forces of the United Statesand of friendly foreign nations.
(b) Description. On a 13⁄8-inch bronzeoctagon, an eagle displayed, standingon a fasces, between two groups ofstars of six and seven, above the groupof six a spray of leaves. On the reverseis a shield paly of 13 pieces on thechief, the letters ‘‘U.S.’’ supported bysprays of laurel and oak, around theupper edge the inscription ‘‘Soldier’sMedal,’’ and across the face the words‘‘For Valor.’’ The medal is suspendedby a rectangular-shaped metal loopwith corners rounded from a moiredsilk ribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width, composed of two out-side stripes of blue (3⁄8-inch), the centercontaining 13 white and red stripes ofequal width (7 white and 6 red).
(Sec. 3750, 70A Stat. 217; 10 U.S.C. 3750)
§ 578.11 Bronze Star Medal.(a) Criteria. The Bronze Star Medal,
established by Executive Order on Feb-ruary 4, 1944, is awarded to any personwho, while serving in any capacity inor with the Army of the United States,on or after December 7, 1941, shall havedistinguished himself or herself by he-roic or meritorious achievement orservice, not involving participation inaerial flight, in connection with mili-tary operations against an armedenemy. See figure 1.
(1) Heroism. Awards may be made foracts of heroism performed in actualground combat against an armedenemy which are of lesser degree thanrequired for the award of the SilverStar.
(2) Meritorious achievement and service.(i) Awards may be made to recognizesingle acts of merit and meritoriousservice. The required achievement orservice, while of lesser degree thanthat required for the award of the Le-gion of Merit, must nevertheless havebeen meritorious and accomplishedwith distinction.
(ii) Awards may be made, upon letterapplication to The Adjutant General,to those members of the Armed Forcesof the United States who, on or afterDecember 7, 1941, have been awardedthe Combat Infantryman Badge orMedical Badge for exemplary conductin ground combat against an armedenemy between December 7, 1941 and
September 2, 1945, inclusive, or whosemeritorious achievement or exemplaryconduct in ground combat against anarmed enemy during such period hasbeen otherwise confirmed in writing bydocuments executed prior to July 1,1947. Documents which have been exe-cuted since August 4, 1944 in connec-tion with recommendations for theaward of decorations of higher degreethan the Bronze Star Medal will not beused to establish a basis for the awardof this decoration under the provisionsof this paragraph.
(b) Description. A bronze star 11⁄2inches in circumscribing diameter. Inthe center thereof is a 3⁄16-inch diame-ter raised bronze star, the center lineof all rays of both stars coinciding. Thereverse has the inscription ‘‘Heroic orMeritorious Achievement.’’ The star issuspended by a rectangular-shaped loopwith corners rounded from a moiredsilk ribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width, composed of stripes ofwhite (1⁄32-inch), red (9⁄16-inch), white(1⁄32-inch), blue (1⁄8-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), red (9⁄16-inch), and white (1⁄32-inch). A bronze block letter ‘‘V’’ 1⁄4 inchin height with serifs at the top of themembers is worn on the suspension andservice ribbons of the Bronze StarMedal to denote an award made forheroism (valor). Not more than one‘‘V’’ device will be worn. When one ormore oak-leaf clusters appear on thesame ribbon the ‘‘V’’ device is worn onthe wearer’s right.
(E.O. 9419, Feb. 4, 1944, 9 FR 1495)
§ 578.12 Air Medal.
(a) Criteria. The Air Medal, estab-lished by Executive Order on May 11,1942, is awarded to any person who,while serving in any capacity in orwith the Army of the United States,has distinguished himself or herself bymeritorious achievement while partici-pating in aerial flight (Fig. 1). Awardsmay be made to recognize single acts ofmerit or sustained operational activi-ties against an armed enemy. The re-quired achievement, while of lesser de-gree than that required for the awardof the Distinguished Flying Cross,must nevertheless have been accom-plished with distinction above and be-yond that normally expected.
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(b) Description. A bronze compass rose111⁄16-inches circumscribing diametersuspended by the pointer and chargedwith an eagle volant carrying twolightning flashes in its talons. Thepoints of the compass rose on the re-verse are modeled with the central por-tion plain. The medal is suspendedfrom a moired silk ribbon 13⁄8 inches inlength and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of a band of ultramarine blue (1⁄8-inch), a band of golden orange (1⁄4-inch),a band of ultramarine blue (5⁄8-inch), aband of golden orange (1⁄4-inch), and aband of ultramarine blue (1⁄8-inch), by aring engaging the pointer.
(E.O. 9158, May 11, 1942, 7 FR 3541, as amend-ed by E.O. 9242A, Sept. 11, 1942, 7 FR 7874)
§ 578.12a Joint Service CommendationMedal.
Department of Defense Directive1348.14, 25 June 1963, established theJoint Service Commendation MedalThis decoration is awarded in the nameof the Secretary of Defense and shalltake precedence with, but before, theArmy Commendation Medal when bothare worn on the uniform. The decora-tion is not awarded to any individualfor a period of service for which an-other meritorious decoration has beenawarded.
(a) Eligibility. Any member of theArmed Forces of the United States whodistinguishes himself by meritoriousachievement or service while serving inany assignment specified in paragraph(b) of this section after 1 January 1963is eligible for this award. The requiredachievement or service, while of lesserdegree than that required for award ofthe Legion of Merit, must neverthelesshave been accomplished with distinc-tion.
(b) Joint activities. Military personnelassigned to the following joint activi-ties are eligible for the award:
(1) Office of the Secretary of Defense.(2) Organization of the Joint Chiefs of
Staff.(3) Defense Supply Agency.(4) National Security Agency.(5) Other Department of Defense
agencies or joint activities reportingthrough the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
(6) Headquarters, unified and specialcommands.
(7) Headquarters of joint task forces,joint commands or control groups, re-porting through the Joint Chiefs ofStaff, unified, specified or subordinatejoint commanders, to include servicecomponents assigned to a joint com-mand for exercise purposes (e.g.,STRIKE Command).
(8) Other joint activities reporting tocommanders of unified or specifiedcommands (e.g., Military AssistanceAdvisory Groups or Joint Missions).
[29 FR 527, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.13 Army Commendation Medal.(a) Criteria. The Army Commendation
Medal established by the Secretary ofWar on December 18, 1945, and amendedin Department of the Army General Or-ders 10, 1960, is awarded to any mem-bers of the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates who, while serving in any capac-ity with the Army after December 6,1941, shall have distinguished himselfby meritorious achievement or meri-torious service. (See figure 1.)
(1) The required meritorious achieve-ment or meritorious service while oflesser degree than that required for theaward of the Legion of Merit must nev-ertheless have been accomplished withdistinction and must have been of thesame degree as required for the awardof the Bronze Star Medal or Air Medal.An award may be made when the oper-ational requirements for the award ofthe Bronze Star Medal have not beenfully met.
(2) An award may be made for acts ofoutstanding courage which do not meetthe requirements for an award of theSoldier’s Medal.
(3) An award for meritorious servicewill not normally be made for a periodof service of less than 6 months’ dura-tion.
(4) The Army Commendation Medalwill not be awarded to general officers.
(5) It is particularly desirable thatemphasis be placed on the award of thisdecoration to outstanding companygrade officers, warrant officers, and en-listed personnel whose achievementsand services meet the prescribed stand-ards.
(6) Awards may be made upon letterapplication to The Adjutant General toany individual commended after De-cember 6, 1941, and prior to January 1,
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1946, in a letter, certificate, or order ofcommendation, as distinguished fromletter of appreciation, signed by an of-ficer in the grade or position of a majorgeneral or higher.
(7) The Army Commendation Medalmay be awarded in connection withmilitary participation in the Depart-ment of the Army Suggestion Program.
(8) Awards of the Army Commenda-tion Ribbon and of the CommendationRibbon with Metal Pendant are redes-ignated by Department of the ArmyGeneral Orders 10, March 31, 1960, asawards of the Army CommendationMedal, without amendments of certifi-cates or of orders previously issued.
(b) Description. On a 13⁄8-inch bronzehexagon, one point up, an Americanbald eagle with wings displayed hori-zontally grasping three crossed arrowsand bearing on its breast a shield palyof 13 pieces and a chief. On the reversebetween the words ‘‘For Military’’ and‘‘Merit’’ a panel, all above a sprig oflaurel. A moired silk ribbon 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of stripes of white (3⁄32-inch),green (25⁄64-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), green(1⁄16-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), green (1⁄16-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), green (1⁄16-inch),white (1⁄32-inch), green (1⁄16-inch), white(1⁄32-inch), green (25⁄64-inch), and white(3⁄32-inch).
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 26 FR6434, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.14 Purple Heart.(a) Criteria. The Purple Heart, estab-
lished by General George Washingtonat Newburgh, New York, on August 7,1782, and revived by the President onFebruary 22, 1932, is awarded to anymember of the Armed Forces of theUnited States and to any civilian cit-izen of the United States serving withthe Army who was wounded either inaction against an armed enemy of theUnited States or as a direct result ofan act of such enemy, provided thewound necessitated treatment by amedical officer. See figure 1.
(1) For the purpose of considering anaward of this decoration, a ‘‘wound’’ isdefined as an injury to any part of thebody from an outside force or agentsustained while in action in the face ofthe armed enemy or as a result of ahostile act of such enemy. A physical
lesion is not required, provided theconcussion or other form of injury re-ceived was directly due to enemy ac-tion and required treatment by a med-ical officer. Awards will not be made byreason of injuries due to frostbite ortrenchfoot. Not more than one awardof this decoration will be made formore than one wound or injury re-ceived at the same instant or from thesame missile, force, explosion, oragent.
(2) Records of medical treatment forwounds or injuries received in action asprescribed above must have been madea matter of official record during theperiod of hostilities or within 6 monthsthereafter.
(3) Awards may be made, upon letterapplication, to those individuals who,as members of the Army, prior to De-cember 7, 1941, were awarded Meri-torious Services Citation Certificatesby the Commander-in-Chief, AmericanExpeditionary Forces, during WorldWar I and/or were authorized to wearwound chevrons.
(4) Those individuals who, as mem-bers of the Army, on or after December7, 1941, were awarded the Purple Heartfor meritorious achievement or servicein connection with military operationsagainst the enemy may make applica-tion for the award of an appropriatedecoration in lieu of the Purple Heart.
(5) A Purple Heart will be issued byThe Adjutant General to the next ofkin of each person entitled to a post-humous award. Issue will be madeautomatically as soon as possible afterreceipt by the Department of the Armyof a report of death under cir-cumstances indicating such entitle-ment, and notwithstanding the factthat the records indicate the presen-tation of a Purple Heart to the de-ceased person prior to death.
(b) Description. On a purple heartwithin a bronze border, a profile headin relief of General George Washingtonin military uniform. Above the heart isa shield of General Washington’s coatof arms between two sprays of leaves ingreen enamel. On the reserve below theshield and leaves without enamel is araised bronze heart with the inscrip-tion ‘‘For Military Merit.’’ The entiredevice is 111⁄16 inches in length. Themedal is suspended by a rectangular-
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shaped loop with corners rounded froma moired silk ribbon 13⁄8 inches inlength and 13⁄8 inches in width con-sisting of a purple (pansy) center withwhite edges (1⁄8-inch).
§ 578.15 Medal for Merit.(a) Criteria. The Medal for Merit was
established by Act of Congress on July20, 1942, to be awarded to civilians ofthe nations prosecuting the war underthe joint declaration of the United Na-tions and of other friendly foreign na-tions who have, subsequent to the proc-lamation of an emergency by the Presi-dent, distinguished themselves by ex-ceptionally meritorious conduct in theperformance of outstanding services.The Medal for Merit has not beenawarded since 1952.
(b) Description. An eagle displayedstanding on a vertical sheaf of arrowsbearing the inscription ‘‘Novus OrdoSeclorum,’’ all gold-finished bronze, infront of a ring of dark-blue enamel 11⁄2inches in diameter, bearing 13 whiteenamel stars. On the gold-finishedbronze reverse, the ring, in front of theeagle and arrows in reverse, the words‘‘United States of America’’ at the topand ‘‘For Merit’’ at the bottom in frontof a spray of laurel leaves. The medal isconnected to the suspension ring by awreath of laurel leaves, green enamelon the front and gold-finished bronzeon the back. The medal is suspended bya moired silk ribbon 17⁄8 inches inlength and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of a stripe of purplish-red (9⁄16-inch), a stripe of white (1⁄16-inch), astripe of purplish-red (1⁄8-inch), a stripeof white (1⁄16-inch), and a stripe of pur-plish-red (9⁄16-inch). A circular cup-shaped rosette of purplish-red ribbon,1⁄2-inch circumscribing diameter, witha fan-shaped ribbon insert showing pur-plish-red and white stripes is includedfor wear on civilian clothing.
(Sec. 1122, 70A Stat. 88; 10 U.S.C. 1122)
§ 578.16 National Security Medal.(a) Criteria. The National Security
Medal, established by Executive Orderon January 19, 1953, is awarded to anyperson, without regard to nationality,including members of the ArmedForces of the United States for distin-guished achievement or outstandingcontribution on or after July 26, 1947,
in the field of intelligence relating tothe national security. This contribu-tion may consist of either exception-ally meritorious service performed in aposition of high responsibility or of anact of valor requiring personal courageof a high degree and complete dis-regard of personal safety.
(b) Description. A blue enameled com-pass rose surrounded by a red enameledoval, the interior dimensions of whichare 1 inch vertically and 7⁄8 inch hori-zontally, bearing the inscription‘‘United States of America’’ at the topand ‘‘National Security’’ at the bot-tom, the whole enclosed within a laurelwreath of gold-finished bronze sur-mounted by an American bald eaglestanding with wings raised. On the re-verse a serial number appears on theeagle and the words ‘‘Presented To’’are impressed on the compass rose. Thename of the recipient is engravedbelow. The medal is suspended by aloop from a silk moire ribbon 2 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of a band of dark-blue (1⁄4-inch),gold (3⁄32-inch), dark blue (11⁄16-inch),gold (3⁄32-inch), dark blue (1⁄4-inch). Di-agonal gold lines (3⁄32 inch in width and3⁄32 inch apart) extend downward fromthe wearer’s right to left across thecenter band of dark blue. The minia-ture of this medal is furnished at thetime of the award.
(E.O. 10431, January 19, 1953, 18 FR 437)
§ 578.17 Presidential Medal of Free-dom.
(a) Criteria—(1) Medal of Freedom. TheMedal of Freedom was established byExecutive Order 9586, 6 July 1945, asamended by Executive Order 10336, 5April 1952, to be awarded to any personother than a member of the ArmedForces of the United States who, after6 December 1941, performed a meri-torious act or service which aided theUnited States in the prosecution of awar against an armed enemy or en-emies, or similarly aided any nationengaged with the United States in theprosecution of a war against a commonenemy or enemies, or during any periodof national emergency declared by thePresident or the Congress furthered theinterests or the security of the UnitedStates or of any nation allied or associ-ated with the United States during
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such period when the award of anyother United States military decora-tion was not deemed appropriate.Under special circumstances, withoutregard to the existence of a state ofwar or national emergency, the Medalof Freedom was awarded by or at thedirection of the President for perform-ance of a meritorious act or service inthe interest of the security of theUnited States. The Medal of Freedomwas reestablished as the PresidentialMedal of Freedom on 22 February 1963and no awards of the Medal of Freedomafter that date are authorized.
(2) Establishment of Presidential Medalof Freedom. The Medal of Freedom wasreestablished as the Presidential Medalof Freedom by Executive Order 11085, 22February 1963, to be awarded to anyperson who has made an especiallymeritorious contribution to the secu-rity or national interest of the UnitedStates, to world peace or to cultural orother significant public or private en-deavors. The Medal can only be award-ed by the President of the UnitedStates who makes the final selection ofrecipients with the assistance of a Dis-tinguished Civilian Service AwardsBoard. The President may select foraward of the Presidential Medal ofFreedom any person nominated by theBoard, any person otherwise rec-ommended to him for award of theMedal, or any person he selects uponhis own initiative. Announcement ofawards will be made by the Presidenton or about 4 July of each year.
(b) Description. The Medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseare the head, shoulders, and headdressof Freedom (taken from the statue onthe top of the United States Capitoldome). In the lower portion in an arc isthe inscription ‘‘Freedom.’’ On the re-verse is the ‘‘Liberty Bell’’ withoutcarriage, within a circle composed ofthe words ‘‘United States of America.’’The medal is suspended by a ring froma moired silk ribbon 13⁄8 inches inlength and 13⁄8 inches in width, com-posed of red (7⁄16-inch), white (1⁄32-inch),red (1⁄8-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), red (1⁄8-inch), white (1⁄32-inch), red (1⁄8-inch),white (1⁄32-inch), and red (7⁄16-inch). Thegold, silver, or bronze palm is 11⁄8inches in length, and is worn on thesuspension and service ribbons of the
Medal of Freedom with the tip of thepalm toward the wearer’s right.
[E.O. 9586, July 6, 1945, 10 FR 8523, as amend-ed by E.O. 10336, Apr. 3, 1952, 17 FR 2957; 29FR 528, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.17a Distinguished Civilian Serv-ice Medal.
(a) Criteria. The Distinguished Civil-ian Service Medal, established by theSecretary of the Army, is awarded tocivilians other than employees of theDepartment of the Army, who renderoutstanding service during peacetimewhich makes a substantial contribu-tion to the accomplishments of theArmy’s mission. Award is made by theSecretary of the Army upon rec-ommendation of a staff agency.
(b) Description. Distinguished CivilianService Medal, Department of theArmy, is bronze, gold filled, 11⁄4 inchesin diameter. The central design of theobverse of the medal incorporates adisc with a wreath on the lower half ofthe rim denoting nonmilitary service.The equilateral triangle is symbolic ofthe civilian. Displayed on the triangleis the eagle from the Great Seal of theUnited States. The reverse of themedal is inscribed ‘‘AwardedTo—————for Distinguished CivilianService To The United States Army.’’The medal is suspended from a ribbon13⁄8 inch in width consisting of a whitestripe (1⁄16 in.), a blue stripe (1⁄16 in.), awhite stripe (1⁄16 in.), a red stripe (1⁄16
in.), a white stripe (1⁄16 in.), a bluestripe (1⁄16 in.), a white stripe (5⁄8 in.), ablue stripe (1⁄16 in.), a white stripe (1⁄16
in.), a red stripe (1⁄16 in.), a white stripe(1⁄16 in.), a blue stripe (1⁄16 in.), and awhite stripe (1⁄16 in.). A rosette 13⁄32 inchin diameter, made of the medal ribboninto a red centered white disc sur-rounded by blue, is provided for lapelwear.
(c) Recommendations. Recommenda-tions will be submitted through mili-tary channels to the Deputy Chief ofStaff for personnel, Headquarters, De-partment of the Army, Washington 25,DC, Attn: Office of Civilian Personnel.Each recommendation will describe theproject, research, or type of servicerendered; the activity in which per-formed; and the dates of this service.The relationship and value of this serv-ice to the Army as a whole must be
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clearly indicated. The recommendationwill also include a statement that theindividual is not employed by theArmy, or was not so employed duringthe period in which the services to berecognized were rendered. A proposedcitation will be inclosed.
[22 FR 9693, Dec. 4, 1957]
§ 578.17b Outstanding Civilian ServiceMedal.
(a) Criteria. The Outstanding CivilianService Medal established by the Sec-retary of the Army in DA General Or-ders No. 3, 1960, is awarded to privatecitizens, Federal Government officialsat the policy development level, andtechnical personnel who serve theArmy in an advisory capacity or asconsultants. Award is made by the Sec-retary of the Army, or by major com-manders on behalf of the Secretary ofthe Army when the contribution is ofsignificance to or within the majorcommand concerned only.
(b) Recommendations. Same as§ 578.17a(c).
(c) Description. Outstanding CivilianService Medal, Department of theArmy, is bronze, 11⁄4 inches in diameter.The central design of the obverse of themedal incorporates a disc with awreath on the lower half of the rim de-noting nonmilitary service. Theequalateral triangle is symbolic of thecivilian. Displayed on the triangle isthe eagle from the Great Seal of theUnited States. The reverse of themedal is inscribed ‘‘Awardedto———————for Outstanding Civil-ian Service to the United StatesArmy.’’ The medal is suspended from aribbon 13⁄8 inches wide consisting ofthirteen alternating stripes equallyspaced, seven white and six red, with ablue stripe 1⁄64 inch wide centered oneach white stripe. A rosette 1⁄2 inch indiameter consisting of a gathered redcenter on a white background with anarrow blue stripe, the rim composedof alternating red and white verticalstripes with a narrow blue stripe cen-tered on the white, is included for wearon civilian clothing.
[26 FR 6435, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.18 Appurtenances to militarydecorations.
(a) Oak-Leaf Cluster. A bronze (or sil-ver) twig of four oak leaves with threeacorns on the stem, 13⁄32 inch in lengthfor a suspension ribbon and 5⁄16 inch inlength for a service ribbon is issued inlieu of a decoration for the second orsucceeding awards of United Statesmilitary decorations with the excep-tion that Oak-Leaf Clusters will not beplaced on a posthumous award of thePurple Heart. Oak-Leaf Clusters arenot issued for the Legion of Merit ofthe Medal of Freedom awarded in de-grees to foreign nationals. Oak-LeafClusters are worn attached to the rib-bons of the decorations to which theypertain with the stem of the oak leavestoward the wearer’s right. A silverOak-Leaf Cluster may be worn in lieuof five bronze Oak-Leaf Clusters for thesame decoration. In lieu of an Oak-LeafCluster a gold compass rose is issued todenote the second or succeeding awardsof the National Security Medal.
(b) Letter ‘‘V’’ Device. See § 578.11 (b).(c) Palm. See § 578.17(b).(d) Service ribbon. A ribbon identical
in color with the suspension ribbon ofthe decoration it represents attachedto a bar 3⁄8 inch in width (vertical di-mension) and 13⁄8 inches in length,equipped with a suitable attaching de-vice. A service ribbon is issued witheach decoration except the NationalSecurity Medal which is provided withan extra length of ribbon for the recipi-ent’s use. Service ribbons will not beimpregnated with unnatural preserva-tives nor worn with protective cov-erings.
(e) Lapel button. A lapel button 1⁄8inch in length and 21⁄32 inch in width isa colored enamel replica of the respec-tive service ribbon. An enamel lapelbutton is issued with each decorationexcept the Medal of Honor and Medalfor Merit.
(f) Rosette. See §§ 578.4(b), 578.15 (b),and 578.17a(b).
(g) Container. A container, eitherplastic or leather covered, andplushlined, containing a decoration,service ribbon, and lapel button or ro-sette. Each decoration awarded will befurnished in an appropriate container.
(h) Miniatures. Miniature decorationsand appurtenances are replicas of the
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corresponding decorations and appur-tenances on the scale of one-half. Withthe exception of the National SecurityMedal (§ 578.16), miniatures are not pre-sented or sold by the Army but may bepurchased from civilian dealers. Thereis no miniature of the Medal of Honoror the Legion of Merit, degree of Com-mander.
[21 FR 7672, Oct. 6, 1956, as amended at 22 FR9693, Dec. 4, 1957]
§ 578.19 Foreign individual awards.(a) Constitutional restriction. No per-
son holding any office of profit or trustunder the United States shall, withoutthe consent of the Congress, accept anypresent, emolument, office, or title ofany kind whatsoever from any king,prince, or foreign state. (Const., Art I,Sec. 9.) This includes decorations,awards, and gifts tendered by any offi-cial of a foreign government.
(b) Definitions. (1) Accept or Accept-ance as used in this section means as-sumption of ownership and permanentpossession of a military award or simi-lar object awarded by a foreign govern-ment or official for which congres-sional approval has been granted.
(2) Receive or Receipt as used in thissection means the act of coming intotemporary custody of a military awardor similar object awarded by a foreigngovernment or official for which con-gressional approval is required.
(c) General policy. The provisions forreceipt and/or acceptance, or prohibi-tion thereof, outlined in this sectionapply to all members of the ArmedForces on active duty, all members ofthe Reserve components, and all civil-ian employees of the Army. This policyshould be observed also when the awardor gift is tendered to a member of theimmediate family of any of the fore-going personnel.
(d) Participation in ceremonies. Exceptas prohibited by paragraph (h) of thissection, an individual may participatein a ceremony and receive the tender ofa foreign award or gift. The receipt ofthe award or gift will not constituteacceptance of the award by the recipi-ent. Immediately following the cere-mony, the individual will forward theaward or gift with all appurtenancesthereto, and all official papers includ-ing diploma and citation, to The Adju-
tant General. A brief statement shouldaccompany the award explaining theact or service for which the award wasmade, date and place of presentation,and name and title of official whomade the presentation.
(e) Congressional authorization. Exceptfor such awards as may be specificallyauthorized by the Congress. The Adju-tant General will forward each foreignaward or gift to the Secretary of Stateto be held in escrow pending approvalof its acceptance by the Congress. Eachmilitary and civilian recipient of for-eign awards, upon discharge or perma-nent retirement or other permanentseparation from active Federal service,should notify The Adjutant General inorder that action may be taken withreference to his award or gifts. TheSecretary of State is required by law totransmit the names of retired per-sonnel to the second session of each al-ternate Congress (5 U.S.C. 115a). Uponapproval by the Congress, the award orgift will be forwarded to the individualconcerned.
(f) Acceptance of foreign awards. Anaward by a friendly foreign nation maybe accepted without the requirementfor securing approval by the Congressonly as indicated below:
(1) By the next of kin if the award isconferred posthumously upon a formermember of the Armed Forces of theUnited States.
(2) By the next of kin if the recipientdies before approval of acceptance canbe obtained.
(3) If the award was conferred orearned while the recipient was servingas a bona fide member of the ArmedForces of the nation conferring theaward and if the award is one author-ized to be conferred generally uponmembers of that nation’s forces. Suchforeign awards must meet the fol-lowing applicable requirements:
(i) A decoration must be awardedprior to the recipient’s entrance intoactive service in the Armed Forces ofthe United States.
(ii) A badge must have been qualifiedfor by the recipient under criteria es-tablished by the country concerned foraward of the badge.
(iii) A service medal must have beenearned under usual criteria establishedby the country concerned.
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.20
(g) Foreign service medals. Servicemedals awarded by foreign govern-ments for service performed while amember of the Armed Forces of theUnited States may not be accepted orworn except the Philippine ServiceRibbons, the United Nations ServiceMedal, and others which may be spe-cifically authorized.
(h) Military Assistance Program. (1) Asan exception to the general policy andprocedures set forth in the foregoingparagraphs, the following prohibitionshall apply to members of the ArmedForces and civilian employees per-forming duties in connection with theMilitary Assistance Program. Specifi-cally, this prohibition includes per-sonnel assigned or attached to, or oth-erwise performing duty with, MilitaryAssistance Advisory Groups, MilitaryAdvisory Groups, Military Aid Groups,or missions having Military AssistanceProgram functions. Such personnel, re-gardless of assignment, may not acceptthe tender of any decoration, award, orgift from foreign governments for dutyof this nature. In addition, personnelperforming military assistance advi-sory, programming, budgeting, and/orlogistic functions in any headquarters,office, agency, or organization may notaccept the tender of any decoration,award, or gift from foreign govern-ments in recognition of such duties.Accordingly, participation in cere-monies involving any such tender isnot authorized. In order to avoid em-barrassment, the appropriate foreignofficials should be acquainted with thisprohibition. If presentation is made inspite of such representation, the deco-ration, award, or gift will be forwardedwith a full explanation of the cir-cumstances to The Adjutant Generalfor disposal. This restriction also ap-plies to personnel performing UnitedNations Truce supervisory activities.
(2) When an award or gift is profferedto a member of the Armed Forces or acivilian employee performing any dutyin connection with the Military Assist-ance Program in recognition of actualcombat services against an armedenemy of the United States, or in rec-ognition of heroism involving the sav-ing of life, the foregoing prohibition isinapplicable, and the provisions of
paragraph (e) of this section will be fol-lowed.
[26 FR 6435, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.20 Supply of medals and appur-tenances.
(a) Items issued by Department ofthe Army:
(1) Decorations,(2) Service medals,(3) Service ribbons,(4) Palms,(5) Rosettes,(6) Clasps,(7) Arrowheads,(8) Service Stars,(9) Good Conduct Medals,(10) Oak-Leaf Clusters,(11) Letter ‘‘V’’ devices,(12) Certificates for decorations,(13) Lapel buttons for decorations,(14) Lapel buttons, miscellaneous,(15) 10-year devices,(16) Berlin airlift devices,(17) Containers for decorations.(b) Items not issued or sold by De-
partment of the Army:(1) Miniature medals and appur-
tenances,(2) Miniature service ribbons,(3) Miniature devices,(4) Lapel buttons for service medals,(5) Lapel buttons, miscellaneous.
[26 FR 6436, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.21 Original issue or replacement.(a) General. All United States Army
medals are presented without cost tothe awardee. Replacement medals arelikewise issued without cost to anawardee in active Federal militaryservice when his written request in-cludes a statement that the originalmedal was lost, destroyed, or renderedunfit for use without fault or neglecton his part. Replacement of medals forindividuals not on active duty or for el-igible next of kin, provided the originalissue had been made to them, may bemade at cost price. No money should bemailed until instructions are receivedfrom The Adjutant General or theCommanding Officer, U.S. ArmyRecords Center, 9700 Page Boulevard,St. Louis, Mo., 63132. Requests shouldbe directed as follows:
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.24
Individual status Direct to
Personnel in active Federal military service or in Re-serve components.
Unit commander.
All requests for medals in behalf of individuals havingno current Army status or deceased.
Commanding Officer, U.S. Army Records Center, 9700 Page Blvd.,St. Louis, Mo., 63132
Personnel receiving retirement pay, except general offi-cers.
Same as above.
Retired general officers .................................................... The Adjutant General, Washington, DC 20310
(b) Discharged Personnel. All requestsfor medals in behalf of individuals hav-ing no current Army status, or de-ceased, will be forwarded to the Com-manding Officer, United States ArmyRecords Center, 9700 Page Boulevard,St. Louis, Mo., 63132.
(c) Miscellaneous. (1) Supply actionfor the Medal of Honor will be accom-plished only by The Adjutant General.
(2) The Medal for Merit has not beenawarded since 1952; therefore, no re-quirements exist for this item exceptfor replacements.
(3) The Gold Star Lapel Button is au-thorized for issue to next of kin of de-ceased personnel.
[29 FR 528, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.22 Exhibition.
(a) Government agencies. Upon ap-proval by the Secretary of the Army,samples of military decorations may befurnished, without charge, for one dis-play at the headquarters of each Armyand higher field commander, in the of-fices of the chiefs of governmentalagencies not under military jurisdic-tion where opportunity for the publicto view the display is assured, and ineach office of the Department of theArmy the functions of which includematters pertaining to decorations.
(b) Civilian institutions. Upon approvalof the Secretary of the Army, samplesof military decorations may be fur-nished, at cost price (including the costof engraving, packing, and shipment),to museums, libraries, numismatic,and military societies and institutionsof such public nature as will assure anopportunity for the public to view theexhibits under circumstances bene-ficial to the Army. All decorations fur-nished to civilian institutions for exhi-bition purposes will be engraved withthe words ‘‘For Exhibition PurposesOnly.’’
(c) Requests. Letter requests for deco-rations for exhibit or display will bemade to The Adjutant General, Depart-ment of the Army, Washington, DC20310. Shipment is made direct fromthe Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot,Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
§ 578.23 Certificates for decorations:Issuance for prior awards.
Those individuals to whom UnitedStates military decorations have beenawarded subsequent to December 7,1941, and to whom an appropriate cer-tificate for decoration has not beenissued may make application for suchcertificate by submitting a written re-quest to the appropriate office as indi-cated in § 578.21. Each request shouldindicate a reference to the number,date, and headquarters of issue of theorder announcing the award.
§ 578.24 Certificate of appreciation.
As a token of appreciation and in rec-ognition of patriotic civilian servicecontributing to the accomplishment ofthe mission of an installation, com-mand, or Staff Agency of the Army, orto the welfare of Army personnel, aCertificate of Appreciation has been es-tablished. This certificate, togetherwith a brief citation may be awardedby commanders of major commandsand heads of Headquarters, Departmentof the Army Staff agencies on behalf ofthe Secretary of the Army for servicesrendered to elements of the Armyunder their respective jurisdictions.The accompanying citation should con-form to § 578.3(b)(2) and will be made amatter of record in the headquarters ofissue, or, when issued by a Head-quarters, Department of the ArmyStaff agency, will be forwarded to TheAdjutant General, Department of theArmy, Washington, DC 20310, Attn:AGAO–N, for file.
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.25
(a) Awards to individuals. The awardmay be made to civilians who are notemployed by the Department of theArmy and were not so employed duringthe period for which the services arebeing recognized. It is intended thatthis certificate be used when the serv-ices to be recognized do not fulfill allthe requirements for a decoration, butare outstanding to a degree which mer-its public recognition by the Army inthe local area. When this certificate ispresented as an individual award therecipient will be furnished with the Pa-triotic Civilian Service lapel button.
(b) Awards to organizations, companies,etc. The award may be made to busi-ness firms, fraternal organizations,quasi-military units, etc., on the samebasis as stated above for individualawards. No lapel button or other deviceaccompanies the certificate and cita-tion when presented to organizations.
(c) Supply. This is a standard Depart-ment of the Army certificate whichmay be obtained by a written requestto The Adjutant General, Departmentof the Army, Washington, DC 20310,Attn: AGPS–AD. The certificates whenprovided will bear the signature of theSecretary of the Army in the lowerright and will be countersigned on theleft by the major commander or headof a Headquarters, Department of theArmy Staff agency making the award.Patriotic Civilian Service Lapel But-tons will be obtained in the same man-ner. Not more than a 6-month supply ofcertificates and lapel buttons will bemaintained by using agencies.
[22 FR 9693, Dec. 4, 1957]
§ 578.25 Accolade and Gold Star lapelbutton.
(a) As a token of appreciation and inrecognition of services rendered bythose who died in the service of theircountry, an Accolade signed by thePresident is issued to the next of kin ofrecord of all military personnel whosedeath occurred in line of duty duringWorld War II, December 7, 1941, to July25, 1947, both dates inclusive, and inKorea during military operations fromJune 27, 1950, to July 27, 1954, inclusive.The Accolade is also issued to the nextof kin of civilians who died overseas oras a result of injury or disease con-tracted while serving in a civilian ca-
pacity with the Armed Forces of theUnited States during the dates and/orin the areas prescribed above in con-nection with military personnel.
(1) The Accolade reads as follows:
In grateful memory of—————————who died in the service of his (her) countryat—————————. He (she) stands in theunbroken line of patriots who have dared todie that freedom might live and grow, andincrease its blessings. Freedom lives, andthrough it he (she) lives—in a way that hum-bles the undertakings of most men. (Fac-simile signature) President of the UnitedStates.
(2) Accolades will be issued by TheAdjutant General upon receipt of re-ports of death.
(b) In order to provide an appropriateidentification for widows, parents, andcertain next of kin of members of theArmed Forces of the United States wholost their lives in World War I, April 6,1917 to March 3, 1921; World War II,September 8, 1939 to July 25, 1947; Ko-rean operations, June 27, 1950 to July27, 1954; or during any subsequent waror period of armed hostilities in whichthe United States may be engaged, aGold Star lapel button was establishedby an Act of Congress on August 1,1947.
(1) The Gold Star lapel button con-sists of a gold star on a purple circularbackground, bordered in gold and sur-rounded by gold laurel leaves. On thereverse is the inscription ‘‘UnitedStates of America, Act of Congress,August 1947,’’ with space for engravingthe initials of the recipient.
(2) One Gold Star lapel button will befurnished without cost to the widow orwidower and to each of the parents of amember of the Armed Forces who losthis or her life while in the active mili-tary service during the periods indi-cated above. The term ‘‘widow or wid-ower’’ includes those who have sinceremarried, and the term ‘‘parents’’ in-cluded mother, father, stepmother,stepfather, mother through adoption,father through adoption, and fosterparents who stood in loco parentis.
(3) One Gold Star lapel button will befurnished at cost price to each child,stepchild, child through adoption,brother, half brother, sister, and halfsister of a member of the Armed Forces
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.25c
who lost his or her life during any pe-riod indicated herein.
(4) Letter applications for Gold Starlapel buttons may be submitted to TheAdjutant General or to the Com-manding Officer, Army Records Center,9700 Page Boulevard, St. Louis, Mis-souri 63132, by eligible next of kin ofdeceased Army personnel enumeratedin paragraphs (b) (2) and (3) of this sec-tion.
(5) Under the act, only one Gold Starlapel button will be furnished to eligi-ble individuals, except that whenever aGold Star lapel button has been lost,destroyed, or rendered unfit for use,without fault or neglect on the part ofthe person to whom it was furnished,such button may be replaced at costprice upon application to The AdjutantGeneral. Private manufacture and/orsale of the Gold Star lapel button isprohibited. The design will not be in-corporated in any manner in any arti-cle manufactured commercially or pri-vately. The law prescribes a fine of$1,000 and/or imprisonment for 2 yearsas a penalty for unauthorized wearingor counterfeiting of the Gold Star lapelbutton, or for possessing a counterfeitof this button.
§ 578.25a Certificate of HonorableService and Record Service (De-ceased Military Personnel).
(a) Certificate of Honorable Service. ACertificate of Honorable Service (DAForm 1563) is issued to the closest nextof kin of record in recognition of serv-ices rendered by those who die in lineof duty while in active military servicein time of peace when the Accolade isnot appropriate.
(1) The certificate reads as follows:
Honorable Service in the Armed Forces ofthe United States of America. This is to cer-tify that—————————————died whilein the service of our country as a member ofthe Army of the United States onthe———————day of——————— This cer-tificate is awarded as a testimonial of Hon-est and Faithful Service. (Signature) Sec-retary of the Army.
(2) Certificates of Honorable Servicewill be issued by The Adjutant Generalupon receipt of reports of death.
(b) A Record of Service—Deceased Mili-tary Personnel (DA Form 53A). Form 53Awill be issued for all military personnel
who die while in the active militaryservice or while taking inactive statustraining as reservists not on activeduty, regardless of line of duty status.Commanding officer having custody ofthe individual’s records at time ofdeath will prepare the form in dupli-cate. The original will be forwarded tothe closest next of kin of record of thedeceased individual in the followingorder: Widow or widower, eldest son,eldest daughter, father, mother, eldestbrother, eldest sister, eldest grand-child.
§ 578.25b Certificate of Achievement.
Commanding officers may recognizeperiods of faithful service, acts, orachievements which do not meet thestandards required for decorations byissuing to individual United Statesmilitary personnel and United Statescivilian citizens a Certificate ofAchievement.
(a) The Certificate of Achievementmay be devised locally by commandingofficers and issued under such regula-tions as they may prescribe; may beprinted or lithographed; and may bearreproductions of authorized insignia. ACertificate of Achievement may beused locally for awarding the GoodConduct Medal.
(b) No distinguishing device is au-thorized for wear to indicate the re-ceipt of a Certificate of Achievement.
§ 578.25c Special Certificate ofAchievement for Public and Com-munity Relations.
(a) A Special Certificate of Achieve-ment for issuance to informationmedia, civic, fraternal, and other typesof organizations and groups who haveactively supported the Army in its pub-lic and community relations efforts,including the Reserve Forces Program,has been established. This special cer-tificate is designed to give official De-partment of the Army recognition tocivilian groups and organizations whohave made an exceptional contributionto the development of public under-standing of the Army, gaining for itgreater public confidence and support.Consideration should be given to theaward of this certificate as an expres-sion of the appreciation of the Army
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.26
for the service rendered by civilian or-ganizations which have contributed di-rectly to improved relationship be-tween members of local military com-mands and civilian communities. Theaward may be made in recognition ofservice rendered over a prolonged pe-riod of time, or for a specific one-timeprogram or service considered to be sooutstanding as to merit commendationby the Secretary of the Army.
(b) Letter recommendations forissuance of the Special Certificate ofAchievement for Public and Commu-nity Relations will be submitted to theChief of Information, Department ofthe Army, Washington, DC 20310,through military channels. Rec-ommendations will include a detaileddescription of the contributions madeby the nominee, the inclusive dates ofthe period during which the contribu-tions were made, and a proposed cita-tion. The value of these contributionsto the Army must be clearly indicated.No distinguishing device is authorizedfor wear by members of the cited orga-nization.
(c) Presentation of the special certifi-cate will be made in a manner com-mensurate with the significance of theaward.
[22 FR 9693, Dec. 4, 1957]
SERVICE MEDALS
§ 578.26 General.
(a) Purpose. Service (campaign) med-als denote honorable performance ofmilitary duty within specified limitingdates in specified geographical areas.With the exception of the Medal of Hu-mane Action and the Armed Forces Re-serve Medal they are awarded only foractive Federal military service.
(b) Awarding. Awarding of servicemedals is effected pursuant to an-nouncement of criteria by the Sec-retary of the Army in Department ofthe Army Bulletins or General Orders.A service medal thus is automaticallyawarded to each individual who meetsthe published criteria. Orders are notrequired.
(c) Requisitioning. Service medals forservice prior to World War I will not berequisitioned for display purposes sinceonly minimum essential quantities are
available for issue to authorized recipi-ents.
(d) Duplicating awards. Not more thanone service medal will be awarded forservice involving identical or overlap-ping periods of time, except that eachof the following groups of service med-als may be awarded to an individualprovided he meets the criteria pre-scribed hereinafter.
(1) World War I Victory Medal andMexican Service Medal.
(2) World War II Victory Medal andone or more of the campaign medals forthat war.
(3) Medal for Humane Action andArmy of Occupation Medal.
(4) National Defense Medal, KoreanService Medal, and United NationsService Medal.
(5) Armed Forces Reserve Medal andany other service medal listed herein-after.
[26 FR 6436, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.27 Good Conduct Medal.
(a) Purpose. The Good Conduct Medal,established by Executive Order 8809 andamended by Executive Order 9323 andby Executive Order 10444 is awarded forexemplary behavior, efficiency, and fi-delity in active Federal military serv-ice. It is awarded on a selective basis toeach soldier who distinguishes himselffrom among his fellow soldiers by hisexemplary conduct, efficiency, and fi-delity while in an enlisted status.There is no right or entitlement to themedal until the immediate commanderhas made positive recommendation forits award, and until the awarding au-thority has announced the award inGeneral Orders. To qualify for anaward of the Good Conduct Medal, anenlisted person must meet specifiedcriteria throughout a specified periodof continuous enlisted active Federalmilitary service, as outlined in thissection.
(b) Awarding authority. General andfield grade officer commanders are au-thorized to award the Good ConductMedal (original and subsequent awards)to enlisted personnel serving undertheir command jurisdiction who meetthe established criteria. This delegatedauthority is limited to service duringthe 36 calendar months immediately
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.27
preceding the date of current consider-ations. Personnel processing installa-tion or activity commanders are pro-hibited from awarding the Good Con-duct Medal to personnel other thanmembers of their own permanentparty.
(c) Special provisions. (1) Qualifyingperiods of service must be continuousenlisted active Federal military serv-ice. When an interval in excess of 24hours occurs between enlistments, thatportion of service prior to the interrup-tion is not creditable toward an award.
(2) Entry into service as a cadet ormidshipman at any United States serv-ice academy or discharge from enlistedstatus for immedate entry on activeduty in an officer status is consideredtermination of service for the purposeof awarding the Good Conduct Medal.
(3) A qualified person scheduled forseparation from active Federal mili-tary service should receive the awardat his last duty station. Such award isauthorized up to 30 days prior to thesoldier’s departure en route to a sepa-ration processing installation inCONUS or overseas. Orders announcingsuch advance awards will indicate theclosing date of periods for the awardprefixed with ‘‘DOSOA’’ (indicating‘‘Date of separation on or about’’).
(4) An award made for any authorizedperiod of less than 3 years must be forthe total period of obligated activeFederal military service.
(5) Discharge under provisions of AR635–205 for immediate (re) + enlistmentis not termination of service.
(6) Retroactive awards will be madeonly by The Adjutant General after fa-vorable consideration of requests, sub-mitted through channels, which in-clude adequate evidence of injustice.
(d) Qualifying periods of service. Anyone of the following periods of contin-uous enlisted active Federal militaryservice qualifies for award of the GoodConduct Medal or of a Clasp, in con-junction with the criteria in paragraph(e) of this section.
(1) Each 3 years completed on or afterAugust 26, 1940.
(2) For first award only, 1 year servedentirely during the period December 7,1941 to March 2, 1946.
(3) For the first award only, upon ter-mination of service on or after June 27,
1950, of less than 3 years but more than1 year.
(4) For first award only, upon termi-nation of service, on or after June 27,1950, of less than 1 year when final sep-aration was by reason of physical dis-ability incurred in line of duty.
(e) Criteria. Throughout a qualifyingperiod each enlisted person must meetall of the following criteria for anaward.
(1) All conduct (character) and effi-ciency ratings must be recorded as‘‘Excellent’’ except that:
(i) Ratings of ‘‘Unknown’’ for por-tions of the period under considerationare not disqualifying.
(ii) Service school efficiency ratingsbased upon academic proficiency of atleast ‘‘Good’’ rendered subsequent toNovember 22, 1955 are not disquali-fying.
(2) No conviction by court-martialduring the period.
(3) The individual must not be serv-ing in, nor have been serving at thetime of separation in, an assignment ofthe type designated as ‘‘specially con-trolled duties’’ in AR 604–10.
(f) Basis for recommendation. Rec-ommendation by the individual’s im-mediate unit commander is requiredfor award of the Good Conduct Medalby the approving authority. Such com-mander’s recommendation will bebased on his personal knowledge and onthe individual’s official records for pe-riods of service under prior com-manders during the period for whichthe award is to be made. The lack of of-ficial disqualifying comment by suchprevious commanders qualifies the useof such periods toward the award bycurrent commander.
(g) Clasp. A good Conduct MedalClasp is awarded for wear on the GoodConduct Medal suspension ribbon andservice ribbon to denote a second orsubsequent award of the medal. Notmore than one Good Conduction Medalmay be awarded to any one person.
(h) Presentation. Presentation of theGood Conduct Medal to military per-sonnel may be made at troop forma-tions.
(i) Description. The Good ConductMedal of bronze is 11⁄4 inches in diame-ter. On the obverse is an eagle standing
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.28
on a closed book and Roman sword, en-circled by the words ‘‘Efficiency-Honor-Fidelity.’’ On the reverse is afive-pointed star and a scroll betweenthe words ‘‘For Good’’ and ‘‘Conduct,’’surrounded by a wreath formed by alaurel branch on the left and an oakbranch on the right. The medal is sus-pended by a ring from a silk moire rib-bon 13⁄8 inches long and 13⁄8 inches widecomposed of stripes of red (1⁄16 inch),white (1⁄16 inch), red (1⁄16 inch), white(1⁄16 inch), red (1⁄16 inch), white (1⁄16
inch), red (5⁄8 inch), white (1⁄16 inch), red(1⁄16 inch), white (1⁄16 inch), red (1⁄16
inch), white (1⁄16 inch), and red (1⁄16
inch).
[26 FR 6436, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.28 Civil War Campaign Medal.Established by WD General Orders 12,
1907.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the head of Lincoln, nearly in pro-file, facing sinister, surrounded by thewords ‘‘With malice toward none, withcharity for all.’’ On the reverse are thewords ‘‘The Civil War,’’ and below thisthe dates ‘‘1861–1865,’’ surrounded by awreath formed by a branch of oak onthe left and a branch of olive on theright, the stems joined at the bottomby a conventional knot. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a blueband (11⁄16 inch) and a gray band (11⁄16
inch).(b) Requirements. Service between
April 15, 1861, and April 9, 1865, or inTexas between April 15, 1861, and Au-gust 20, 1866.
[13 FR 6798, Nov. 18, 1948]
§ 578.29 Indian Campaign Medal.Established by WD General Orders 12,
1907.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a mounted Indian facing sinister,wearing a war bonnet, and carrying aspear in his right hand. Above thehorseman are the words ‘‘Indian Wars,’’and below, on either side of a buffaloskull, the circle is completed by arrow-heads, conventionally arranged. On thereverse is a trophy, composed of an
eagle perched on a cannon supported bycrossed flags, rifles, an Indian shield,spear, and quiver of arrows, a Cubanmachete, and a Sulu kriss. Below thetrophy are the words ‘‘For Service.’’The whole is surrounded by a circlecomposed of the words ‘‘United StatesArmy’’ in the upper half and thirteenstars in the lower half. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a redstripe (1⁄4 inch), black stripe (3⁄16 inch),red band (1⁄2 inch), black stripe (3⁄16
inch), and red stripe (1⁄4 inch).(b) Requirements. Service in any of
the following campaigns:(1) Southern Oregon, Idaho, northern
California, and Nevada between 1865and 1868.
(2) Against the Comanches and con-federate tribes in Kansas, Colorado,Texas, New Mexico, and Indian Terri-tory between 1867 and 1875.
(3) Modoc War between 1872 and 1873.(4) Against the Apaches in Arizona in
1873.(5) Against the Northern Cheyennes
and Sioux between 1876 and 1877.(6) Nez Perce War in 1877.(7) Bannock War in 1878.(8) Against the Northern Cheyennes
between 1878 and 1879.(9) Against the Sheep-Eaters, Piutes,
and Bannocks between June and Octo-ber, 1879.
(10) Against the Utes in Colorado andUtah between September 1879 and No-vember 1880.
(11) Against the Apaches in Arizonaand New Mexico between 1885 and 1886.
(12) Against the Sioux in South Da-kota between November 1890 and Janu-ary 1891.
(13) Against hostile Indians in anyother action in which United Statestroops were killed or wounded between1865 and 1891.
[13 FR 6798, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.30 Spanish Campaign Medal.Established by WD General Orders 5,
1905.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a conventional castle with the addi-tion of two round-corner towers withina circle composed of the words ‘‘Warwith Spain’’ in the upper half and in
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.34
the lower half the date ‘‘1898’’ at thebottom, with a branch of the tobaccoplant on the left and a stalk of sugar-cane on the right. The reverse is thesame as that of the Indian CampaignMedal. The medal is suspended by aring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width com-posed of a yellow stripe (1⁄8 inch), blueband (3⁄8 inch), a yellow band (3⁄8 inch),blue band (3⁄8 inch), and yellow stripe(1⁄8 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service ashore in oron the high seas en route to any of thefollowing countries:
(1) Cuba between May 11, 1898, andJuly 17, 1898.
(2) Puerto Rico between July 14, 1898,and August 13, 1898.
(3) Philippine Islands between June30, 1898, and August 16, 1898.
[13 FR 6798, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.31 Spanish War Service Medal.Established by Act of Congress July
9, 1918.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a sheathed Roman sword hanging ona tablet on which is inscribed ‘‘Forservice in the Spanish War.’’ The tabletis surrounded by a wreath. On the re-verse is the coat of arms of the UnitedStates with a scroll below, all sur-rounded by a wreath displaying the in-signia of the Infantry, Artillery, andCavalry. The medal is suspended by aring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width com-posed of a green stripe (1⁄8 inch), yellowstripe (1⁄4 inch), green band (5⁄8 inch),yellow stripe (1⁄4 inch), and green stripe(1⁄8 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service betweenApril 20, 1898, and April 11, 1899, by per-sons not eligible for the Spanish Cam-paign Medal.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.32 Army of Cuban OccupationMedal.
Established by WD General Orders 40,1915.
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the coat of arms of the Cuban Repub-lic, with wreath and fasces. Around thecircumference are the words ‘‘Army of
Occupation, Military Government ofCuba,’’ and above the shield the dates‘‘1898’’ and ‘‘1902.’’ The reverse is thesame as that of the Indian CampaignMedal. The medal is suspended by aring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width com-posed of a blue stripe (1⁄16 inch), redband (3⁄8 inch), yellow stripe (1⁄16 inch),blue band (3⁄8 inch), yellow stripe (1⁄16
inch), red band (3⁄8 inch), and bluestripe (1⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in Cuba be-tween July 18, 1898, and May 20, 1902.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.33 Army of Puerto Rican Occupa-tion Medal.
Established by WD Compilation ofOrders, Changes 15, February 4, 1919.
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a conventional castle with the addi-tion of two round-corner towers withina circle composed of the words ‘‘Armyof Occupation, Porto Rico’’ in theupper half and in the lower half thedate ‘‘1898’’ at the bottom, with abranch of the tobacco plant on the leftand a stalk of sugarcane on the right.The reverse is the same as that of theIndian Campaign Medal. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a redstripe (1⁄16 inch), blue band (3⁄8 inch),yellow stripe (1⁄16 inch), red band (3⁄8inch), yellow stripe (1⁄16 inch), blueband (3⁄8 inch), and red stripe (1⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in PuertoRico between August 14, 1898, and De-cember 10, 1898.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.34 Philippine Campaign Medal.Established by WD General Orders 5,
1905.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a conventional coconut-palm tree.On the left of it is a lamp of knowledgeand on the right the scales of justice.The whole is in a circle composed ofthe words ‘‘Philippine Insurrection.’’and the date ‘‘1899’’ at the bottom. Thereverse is the same as that of the In-dian Campaign Medal. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moire
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.35
ribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a bluestripe (1⁄16 inch), red band (5⁄16 inch),blue band (5⁄8 inch), red band (5⁄16 inch),and blue stripe (1⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in the Phil-ippine Islands under any of the fol-lowing conditions:
(1) Ashore between February 4, 1899,and July 4, 1902.
(2) Ashore in the Department ofMindanao between February 4, 1899,and December 31, 1904.
(3) In operations against thePulajanes on Leyte between July 20,1906, and July 30, 1907, or on Samar be-tween August 2, 1904, and June 30, 1907.
(4) With any of the following expedi-tions:
(i) Against Pala on Jolo betweenApril and May 1905.
(ii) Against Datu Ali on Mindanao inOctober 1905.
(iii) Against hostile Moros on MountBud-Dajo, Jolo, March 1906.
(iv) Against hostile Moros on MountBagsac, Jolo, between January andJuly 1913.
(v) Against hostile Moros onMindanao or Jolo between 1910 and1913.
(5) In any other action against hos-tile natives in which United Statestroops were killed or wounded betweenFebruary 4, 1899, and December 31, 1913.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.35 Philippine CongressionalMedal.
Established by Act of Congress June29, 1906.
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a group composed of a color bearerholding a flag of the United States andsupported by two men with rifles ontheir shoulders, the three facing dex-ter. The flag extends to the rim be-tween the words ‘‘Phillipine’’ and ‘‘In-surrection.’’ Below the group is thedate ‘‘1899.’’ On the reverse are thewords ‘‘For patriotism, fortitude, andloyalty’’ in a wreath composed of abranch of pine on the left and a branchof palm on the right, the stems joinedby a conventional knot. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a blue
stripe (1⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch),red stripe (1⁄8 inch), white stripe (1⁄8inch), blue band (5⁄8 inch), white stripe(1⁄8 inch), red stripe (1⁄8 inch), whitestripe (1⁄16 inch), and blue stripe (1⁄16
inch).(b) Requirements. Service, meeting all
the following conditions:(1) Under a call of the President en-
tered the Army between April 21 andOctober 26, 1898.
(2) Served beyond the date on whichentitled to discharge.
(3) Ashore in the Philippine Islandsbetween February 4, 1899, and July 4,1902.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.36 China Campaign Medal.Established by WD General Orders 5,
1905.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the Imperial Chinese five-toed drag-on with the head in full face in themiddle, within a circle composed of thewords ‘‘China Relief Expedition,’’ withthe dates ‘‘1900–1901’’ at the bottom.The reverse is the same as that of theIndian Campaign Medal. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width, composed of a bluestripe (1⁄16 inch), a yellow band (11⁄4inches), and a blue stripe (1⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service ashore inChina with the Peking Relief expedi-tion between June 20, 1900, and May 27,1901.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.37 Army of Cuban PacificationMedal.
Established by WD General Orders 96,1909.
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the coat of arms of the Cuban Repub-lic with wreath and fasces, supportedby two American soldiers with rifles,at parade rest. Above the group are thewords ‘‘Cuban Pacification,’’ below arethe dates ‘‘1906–1909.’’ The reverse isthe same as that of the Indian Cam-paign Medal. The medal is suspendedby a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8inches in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of a red stripe (1⁄8 inch),
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.40
white stripe (1⁄8 inch), blue stripe (1⁄8inch) olive-drab band (5⁄8 inch), bluestripe (1⁄8 inch), white stripe (1⁄8 inch),and red stripe (1⁄8 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in Cuba be-tween October 6, 1906, and April 1, 1909.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.38 Mexican Service Medal.Established by WD General Orders
155, 1917.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the Mexican Yucca plant in flower,with mountains in the background.Above the yucca plant are the words‘‘Mexican Service’’ in the upper halfand in the lower half the dates ‘‘1911–1917’’ arranged in a circle. The reverseis the same as that of the Indian Cam-paign Medal. The medal is suspendedby a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8inches in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of a green stripe (1⁄8 inch),yellow band (3⁄8 inch), blue band (3⁄8inch), yellow band (3⁄8 inch), and greenstripe (1⁄8 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in any ofthe following expeditions or engage-ments:
(1) With the Vera Cruz Expedition inMexico between April 24, 1914, and No-vember 26, 1914.
(2) With the Punitive Expedition inMexico between March 14, 1916, andFebruary 7, 1917.
(3) In the following engagements:(i) Buena Vista, Mexico, December 1,
1917.(ii) San Bernardino Canon, Mexico,
December 26, 1917.(iii) La Grulla, Texas, January 8 and
9, 1918.(iv) Pilares, Mexico, March 28, 1918.(v) Nogales, Arizona, August 27, 1918,
or November 1 to 5, 1915.(vi) El Paso, Texas, and Juarez, Mex-
ico, June 15 and 16, 1919.(vii) Any other action against hostile
Mexicans in which United Statestroops were killed or wounded betweenApril 12, 1911, and February 7, 1917.
[13 FR 6799, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.39 Mexican Border ServiceMedal.
Established by Act of Congress July9, 1918.
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a sheathed Roman sword hanging ona tablet on which is inscribed ‘‘Forservice on the Mexican border.’’ Thetablet is surrounded by a wreath. Thereverse is the same as that of the Span-ish War Service Medal. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of a greenband (7⁄16 inch), yellow band (1⁄2 inch),and green band (7⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service betweenMay 9, 1916 and March 24, 1917, or withthe Mexican Border Patrol betweenJanuary 1, 1916, and April 6, 1917, bypersons not eligible for the MexicanService Medal.
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.40 World War I Victory Medal.Established by WD General Orders 48,
1919.(a) Description. The medal of bronze is
36 millimeters in diameter. On the ob-verse is a winged Victory standing fulllength and full face. On the reverse isthe inscription ‘‘The Great War for Civ-ilization’’ and the coat of arms for theUnited States surmounted by a fasces,and on either side the names of the Al-lied and Associated Nations. The medalis suspended by a ring from a silkmoire ribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 36millimeters in width, composed of tworainbows placed in juxtaposition andhaving the red in the middle, with awhite thread along each edge.
(b) Requirements. Service betweenApril 6, 1917, and November 11, 1918, orwith either of the following expedi-tions:
(1) American Expeditionary Forces inEuropean Russia between November 12,1918, and August 5, 1919.
(2) American Expeditionary Forces inSiberia between November 12, 1918, andApril 1, 1920.
(c) Clasps. Two types of clasps are au-thorized.
(1) Battle clasps—(i) Requirements.Combat service, one clasp for eachcampaign. The individual must havebeen actually present for duty undercompetent orders in the combat zoneduring the period in which the organi-zation was engaged in combat. Forservice in an engagement not included
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416
32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.41
in a named campaign, a defensive sec-tor clasp will be awarded, not morethan one such clasp being awarded toany individual regardless of the num-ber of engagements.
(ii) Description. The clasp is a bronzebar 1⁄8 inch in width and 11⁄2 inches inlength with the name of the campaignor the words ‘‘Defensive Sector’’ with astar at each end of the inscription.
(2) Service clasps—(i) Requirements.Service in France, Italy, Siberia, Euro-pean Russia, or England, as a memberof a crew of a transport sailing betweenthe United States and those countries,and by persons not eligible for battleclasps who served with the areas out-lined above. Only one service clasp willbe awarded to any individual.
(ii) Description. The clasp is a bronzebar 1⁄8 inch in width and 11⁄2 inches inlength with the name of the country inwhich the service was performed in-scribed thereon.
(d) Service Stars—(1) Requirements.Possession of a battle clasp and/or de-fensive sector clasp is denoted by abronze service star worn on the serviceribbon of the medal, one bronze star foreach clasp.
(2) Description. The service star is abronze or silver five-pointed star 3⁄16
inch in diameter. A silver service staris authorized for wear in lieu of fivebronze service stars.
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948, as amended at 17FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952]
§ 578.41 Army of Occupation of Ger-many Medal.
Established by Act of November 21,1941 (55 Stat. 781).
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a profile of General John J. Per-shing, facing dexter in uniform ofWorld War I. Around the upper edge arefour, five-pointed stars, on the left theinscription ‘‘General John J. Per-shing,’’ and on the right an unsheathedsword point up within a laurel wreathwith the years ‘‘1918’’ and ‘‘1923.’’ Onthe reverse is an eagle with wings dis-played and inverted standing on CastleEhrenbreitstein within a circle com-posed of the words ‘‘U.S. Army of Occu-pation of Germany’’ and three, five-pointed stars. The medal is suspendedby a ring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8
inches in length and 13⁄8 inches inwidth, composed of a blue stripe (1⁄16
inch), red stripe (1⁄16 inch), white stripe(3⁄16 inch), (black band (3⁄4 inch), whitestripe (3⁄16 inch), red stripe (1⁄16 inch),and blue stripe (1⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in Germanyor Austria-Hungary between November12, 1918, and July 11, 1923.
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.42 American Defense ServiceMedal.
Established by Executive Order 8808(3 CFR, 1943, Cum. Supp.).
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a female Grecian figure symbolic ofdefense, holding in her sinister hand anancient war shield in reverse and herdexter hand brandishing a sword aboveher head, and standing upon a conven-tionalized oak branch with four leaves.Around the top is the lettering ‘‘Amer-ican Defense.’’ On the reverse is thewording ‘‘For service during the lim-ited emergency proclaimed by thePresident on September 8, 1939 or dur-ing the unlimited emergency pro-claimed by the President on May 27,1941’’ above a seven-leaved spray. Themedal is suspended by a ring from asilk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inches in lengthand 13⁄8 inches in width composed of agolden yellow stripe (3⁄16 inch), bluestripe (1⁄24 inch), white stripe (1⁄24 inch),red stripe (1⁄24 inch) golden yellow band(3⁄4 inch), red stripe (1⁄24 inch), whitestripe (1⁄24 inch), blue stripe (1⁄24 inch),and golden yellow stripe (3⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service betweenSeptember 8, 1939, and December 7,1941, under orders to active duty for aperiod of 12 months or longer.
(c) Foreign service clasp—(1) Require-ments. Service outside the continentallimits of the United States, includingservice in Alaska, as a member of acrew of a vessel sailing ocean waters,as a member of an operating crew of anairplane participating in regular andfrequent flights over ocean waters, oras an assigned member of an organiza-tion stationed outside the continentallimits of the United States.
(2) Description. The clasp is a bronzebar 1⁄8 inch in width and 11⁄2 inches in
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417
Department of the Army, DoD § 578.44
length with the words ‘‘Foreign Serv-ice’’ with a star at each end of the in-scription.
(d) Service star—(1) Requirements Pos-session of a foreign service clasp is de-noted by the wearing of a bronze serv-ice star on the service ribbon.
(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948, as amended at 17FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952]
§ 578.43 Women’s Army Corps ServiceMedal.
Established by Executive Order 9365(3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.)
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis the head of Pallas Athene in profilefacing dexter, superimposed on asheathed sword crossed with oak leavesand a palm branch within a circle com-posed of the words ‘‘Women’s’’ in theupper half, and in the lower half‘‘Army Corps.’’ On the reverse, withinan arrangement of 13 stars, is a scrollbearing the words ‘‘For service in theWomen’s Army Auxiliary Corps’’ infront of the letters ‘‘U S’’ in lower re-lief at the top and perched on the scrollis an eagle with wings elevated and dis-played, and at the bottom, the dates‘‘1942–1943.’’ The medal is suspended bya ring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8inches in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of an old gold stripe (1⁄8 inch),moss-tone green band (11⁄8 inches), andold gold stripe (1⁄8 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service in both theWomen’s Army Auxiliary Corps be-tween July 20, 1942, and August 31, 1943,and the Women’s Army Corps betweenSeptember 1, 1943, and September 2,1945.
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.44 American Campaign Medal.Established by Executive Order 9265
(3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.)(a) Description. A medal of bronze 11⁄4
inches in diameter. On the obverse aNavy cruiser under full steam with aB–24 airplane flying overhead with asinking enemy submarine in the fore-ground on three wave symbols, in back-ground a few buildings, representingthe arsenal of democracy, above thisscene and words ‘‘American Cam-paign.’’ On the reverse an American
bald close eagle between the dates‘‘1941–1945’’ and the words ‘‘UnitedStates of America.’’ The medal is sus-pended by a ring from a silk moire rib-bon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8 inchesin width composed of a blue stripe (3⁄16
inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), blackstripe (1⁄16 inch), red stripe (1⁄16 inch),white stripe (1⁄16 inch), blue stripe (3⁄16
inch), dark blue stripe (1⁄24 inch), whitestripe (1⁄24 inch), red stripe (1⁄24 inch),blue stripe (3⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16
inch), red stripe (1⁄16 inch), black stripe(1⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), andblue stripe (3⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service within theAmerican Theater between December 7,1941, and March 2, 1946, under any ofthe following conditions:
(1) On permanent assignment outsidethe continental limits of the UnitedStates.
(2) Permanently assigned as a mem-ber of a crew of a vessel sailing oceanwaters for a period of 30 consecutivedays, or 60 days not consecutive.
(3) Outside the continental limits ofthe United States in a passenger statusor on temporary duty for 30 consecu-tive days or 60 days not consecutive.
(4) In active combat against theenemy and was awarded a combat deco-ration or furnished a certificate by thecommanding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(5) Within the continental limits ofthe United States for an aggregate pe-riod of 1 year.
(c) Boundaries of the American The-ater—(1) Eastern boundary. From theNorth Pole, south along the 75th me-ridian west longitude to the 77th par-allel north latitude thence southeastthrough Davis Strait to the intersec-tion of the 40th parallel north latitudeand the 35th meridian west longitude,thence south along the meridian to the10th parallel north latitude, thencesoutheast to the intersection of theEquator and the 20th meridian westlongitude, thence south along the 20thmeridian west longitude to the SouthPole.
(2) Western boundary. From the NorthPole, south along the 141st meridianwest longitude to the east boundary ofAlaska, thence south and southeast
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.45
along the Alaska boundary to the Pa-cific Ocean, thence south along the130th meridian to its intersection withthe 30th parallel north latitude, thencesoutheast to the intersection of theEquator and the 100th meridian westlongitude to the South Pole.
(d) Service star—(1) Requirements.Combat service within the AmericanTheater, one bronze service star for theAntisubmarine Campaign. The indi-vidual must have been assigned, or at-tached, to and present for duty with aunit credited with the Campaign.
(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).
[13 FR 6800, Nov. 19, 1948, as amended at 17FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952]
§ 578.45 Asiatic-Pacific CampaignMedal.
Established by Executive Order 9265(3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.).
(a) Description. A medal of bronze 11⁄4inches in diameter. On the obverse atropical landing scene with a battle-ship, aircraft carrier, submarine andaircraft in the background with land-ing troops and palm trees in the fore-ground: above this scene the words‘‘Asiatic-Pacific Campaign.’’ The re-verse is the same as that of the Amer-ican Campaign Medal. The medal issuspended by a ring from a silk moireribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8inches in width composed of an orangestripe (3⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch),red stripe (1⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16
inch), orange stripe (1⁄4 inch), bluestripe (1⁄24 inch), white stripe (1⁄24 inch),red stripe (1⁄24 inch), orange stripe (1⁄4inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), red stripe(1⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), andorange stripe (3⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service within theAsiatic-Pacific Theater between De-cember 7, 1941, and March 2, 1946, underany of the following conditions:
(1) On permanent assignment.(2) In a passenger status or on tem-
porary duty for 30 consecutive days or60 days not consecutive.
(3) In active combat against theenemy and was awarded a combat deco-ration or furnished a certificate by thecommanding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(c) Boundaries of the Asiatic-PacificTheater—(1) Eastern boundary. Coinci-
dent with the western boundary of theAmerican Theater (§ 578.44(c)(2)).
(2) Western boundary. From the NorthPole, south along the 60th meridianeast longitude to its intersection withthe east boundary of Iran, thence southalong the Iran boundary to the Gulf ofOman and the intersection of the 60thmeridian east longitude, thence southalong the 60th meridian east longitude,to the South Pole.
(d) Service star—(1) Description. See§ 578.40(d)(2).
(2) Requirements. Combat servicewithin the Asiatic-Pacific Theater, onebronze service star for each campaign.The individual must meet any of thefollowing conditions:
(i) Assigned, or attached, to andpresent for duty with a unit during theperiod in which it participated in com-bat.
(ii) Under orders in the combat zoneand in addition meets any of the fol-lowing requirements:
(a) Awarded a combat decoration.(b) Furnished a certificate by a com-
manding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(c) Served at a normal post of duty(as contrasted to occupying the statusof an inspector, observer, or visitor).
(d) Aboard a vessel other than in apassenger status and furnished a cer-tificate by the home port commanderof the vessel that he served in the com-bat zone.
(iii) Was an evadee or escapee in thecombat zone or recovered from a pris-oner of war status in the combat zoneduring the time limitations of the cam-paign. Prisoners of war will not be ac-corded credit for the time spend in con-finement or while otherwise in re-straint under enemy control.
(e) Arrowhead—(1) Description. The ar-rowhead is a bronze replica of an In-dian arrowhead 1⁄4 inch in height and 1⁄8inch in width.
(2) Requirements. Participated in acombat parachute jump, combat gliderlanding, or amphibious assault landingwithin the Asiatic-Pacific theaterwhile assigned or attached as a mem-ber of an organized force carrying outan assigned tactical mission.
[13 FR 6801, Nov. 19, 1948, as amended at 17FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952]
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.47
§ 578.46 European-African-MiddleEastern Campaign Medal.
Established by Executive Order 9265(3 CFR, 1943 Cum. Supp.).
(a) Description. A medal of bronze 11⁄4inches in diameter. On the obverse anLST landing craft and troops landingunder fire with an airplane in back-ground below the words ‘‘European-Af-rican-Middle Eastern Campaign.’’ Thereverse is the same as that of theAmerican Campaign Medal. The medalis suspended by a ring from a silkmoire ribbon 13⁄8 inches in length and13⁄8 inches in width composed of abrown stripe (3⁄16 inch), green stripe (1⁄16
inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), red stripe(1⁄16 inch), green stripe (1⁄4 inch), bluestripe (1⁄24 inch), white stripe (1⁄24 inch),red stripe (1⁄24 inch), green stripe (1⁄4inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch), blackstripe (1⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄16 inch),and brown stripe (3⁄16 inch).
(b) Requirements. Service within theEuropean-African-Middle Eastern—heater between December 7, 1941, andNovember 8, 1945, under any of the fol-lowing conditions:
(1) On permanent assignment.(2) In a passenger status or on tem-
porary duty for 30 consecutive days or60 days not consecutive.
(3) In active combat against theenemy and was awarded a combat deco-ration or furnished a certificate by thecommanding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(c) Boundaries of the European-Afri-can-Middle Eastern Theater—(1) Easternboundary. Coincident with the westernboundary of the Asiatic-Pacific The-ater (§ 578.45(c)(2)).
(2) Western boundary. Coincident withthe eastern boundary of the AmericanTheater (§ 578.44(c)(1)).
(d) Service star—(1) Description. See§ 578.40(d)(2).
(2) Requirements. Service within theEuropean-African-Middle Eastern The-ater, one bronze service star for eachcampaign (AR 260–15). The individualmust meet any of the following condi-tions:
(i) Assigned, or attached, to andpresent for duty with a unit during theperiod in which it participated in com-bat.
(ii) Under orders in the combat zoneand in addition meets any of the fol-lowing requirements:
(a) Awarded a combat decoration.(b) Furnished a certificate by a com-
manding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(c) Served at a normal post of duty(as contrasted to occupying the statusof an inspector, observer, or visitor).
(d) Aboard a vessel other than in apassenger status and furnished a cer-tificate by the home port commanderof the vessel that he served in the com-bat zone.
(iii) Was an evadee or escapee in thecombat zone or recovered from a pris-oner of war status in the combat zoneduring the time limitations of the cam-paign. Prisoners of war will not be ac-corded credit for the time spent in con-finement or while otherwise in re-straint under enemy control.
(e) Arrowhead—(1) Description. See§ 578.45(e)(1).
(2) Requirements. See § 578.45 (e) (2).
[13 FR 6801, Nov. 19, 1948, as amended at 17FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952]
§ 578.47 World War II Victory Medal.
Established by Act July 6, 1945 (59Stat. 461; 10 U.S.C. 1430c).
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is36 millimeters in diameter. On the ob-verse is a figure of Liberation standingfull length with head turned to dexterlooking to the dawn of a new day, rightfoot resting on a war god’s helmet withthe hilt of a broken sword in the righthand and the broken blade in the lefthand, the inscription ‘‘World War II’’horizontally placed immediately belowcenter. On the reverse are the inscrip-tions ‘‘Freedom from fear and want’’and ‘‘Freedom of speech and religion’’separated by a palm branch, all withina circle composed of the words ‘‘UnitedStates of America—1941–1945.’’ Themedal is suspended by a ring from asilk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inches in lengthand 13⁄8 inches in width composed of adouble rainbow in juxtaposition (3⁄8inch), white stripe (1⁄32 inch), red band(9⁄16 inch), white stripe (1⁄32 inch), anddouble rainbow in juxtaposition (3⁄8inch).
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.48
(b) Requirements. Service between De-cember 7, 1941, and December 31, 1946,both dates inclusive.
[13 FR 6802, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.48 Army of Occupation Medal.Established by section I, WD General
Orders 32, 1946:(a) Requirements. Service for 30 con-
secutive days at a normal post of duty(as contrasted to inspector, visitor,courier, escort, passenger status, tem-porary duty, or detached service) whileassigned to any of the following armiesof occupation:
(1) Army of Occupation of Germany(exclusive of Berlin) between May 9,1945, and May 5, 1955. (Service betweenMay 9, and November 8, 1945, will becounted only if the European-African-Middle Eastern Campaign Medal wasawarded for service prior to May 8,1945.)
(i) Service for the prescribed periodwith an organization which has beendesignated in Department of the Armygeneral orders as having met the re-quirements for the Berlin airlift deviceon an individual basis in orders issuedby appropriate field authority willqualify the individual for the award.
(ii) The orders announcing the awardof the Berlin airlift device will specifi-cally award the Army of OccupationMedal to persons not otherwise eligibletherefor.
(2) Army of Occupation of Austria be-tween May 9, 1945, and July 27, 1955.(Service between May 9, and November8, 1945, will be counted only if the Eu-ropean-African-Middle Eastern Cam-paign Medal was awarded for serviceprior to May 9, 1945.)
(3) Army of Occupation of Berlin be-tween May 9, 1945, and a terminal dateto be announced later. (Service be-tween May 9, and November 8, 1945, willbe counted only if the European-Afri-can-Middle Eastern Campaign Medalwas awarded for service prior to May 9,1945.)
(4) Army of Occupation of Italy be-tween May 9, 1945, and September 15,1947, in the compartment of VeneziaGiulia E Zara or Province of Udine, orwith a unit in Italy as designated inDA General Orders 4, 1947. (Service be-tween May 9, and November 8, 1945, willbe counted only if the European-Afri-
can-Middle Eastern Campaign Medalwas awarded for service prior to May 9,1945.)
(5) Army of Occupation of Japan be-tween September 3, 1945, and April 27,1952, in the four main islands ofHokkaido, Honshu, Shokoku, andKyushu, the surrounding small islandsof the Japanese homeland, the RyukyuIslands, and the Bonin-Volcano Islands.(Service between September 3, 1945, andMarch 2, 1946, will be counted only ifthe Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medalwas awarded for service prior to Sep-tember 3, 1945. In addition, servicewhich meets the requirements for theKorean Service Medal as prescribed in§ 578.48b will not be counted in deter-mining eligibility for this medal.)
(6) Army Occupation of Korea be-tween September 3, 1945, and June 29,1949, inclusive. (Service between Sep-tember 3, 1945, and March 2, 1946, willbe counted only if the Asiatic-PacificCampaign Medal was awarded for serv-ice prior to September 3, 1945.)
(b) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obversethe Remagen Bridge abutments belowthe words ‘‘Army of Occupation.’’ Onthe reverse Fujiyama with a low hang-ing cloud over two Japanese junksabove a wave scroll and the date‘‘1945.’’ The medal is suspended by aring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8 inchesin length and 13⁄8 inches in width com-posed of a white stripe (3⁄16 inch), blackband (1⁄2 inch), red band (1⁄2 inch), andwhite stripe (3⁄16 inch).
(c) Clasps—(1) Requirements. A claspappropriately inscribed will be issuedwith each award of the Army of Occu-pation Medal to denote the area inwhich occupation duty was rendered.
(2) Description. The clasp is a bronzebar 1⁄8 inch in width and 11⁄2 inches inlength with the word ‘‘Germany’’ or‘‘Japan’’ inscribed thereon.
(d) Berlin airlift device—(1) Require-ments. Service for 90 consecutive dayswith a unit credited with participationin the Berlin airlift, or awarded the de-vice by competent field authority onan individual basis.
(2) Description. The Berlin airlift de-vice is a gold colored metal miniature
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.48b
of a C–54 type aircraft of 3⁄8-inch wingspan, other dimensions proportionate.
[17 FR 912, Jan. 31, 1952, as amended at 20 FR8190, Nov. 1, 1955]
§ 578.48a Medal for Humane Action.
Established by the Act of July 20,1949 (63 Stat. 447; 10 U.S.C. 1430d, Supp.III).
(a) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. On the obverseis a facsimile of a C–54 airplane withina wreath of wheat centering at the bot-tom of the coat of arms of the city ofBerlin, Germany. The reverse bears theeagle, shield, and arrows from the sealof the Department of Defense beneaththe words ‘‘For Humane Action’’ andabove the quotation ‘‘To Supply Neces-sities Of Life To The People of Berlin,Germany.’’ The medal is suspended bya ring from a silk moire ribbon 13⁄8inches in length and 13⁄8 inches inwidth, banded in black (9⁄32 inch) oneach edge symmetrically inclosingwhite strips (1⁄16 inch) outside bluebands (9⁄32 inch) followed by whitestripes (3⁄64 inch) centering one stripe ofred (1⁄32 inch).
(b) Requirements—(1) General. Servicefor at least 120 days during the periodJune 26, 1948, and September 30, 1949,inclusive, within the boundaries of theBerlin airlift operations prescribed inparagraph (c) of this section, while par-ticipating in the Berlin airlift or in di-rect support thereof, by the followingindividuals:
(i) Members of the Armed Forces ofthe United States.
(ii) Persons other than members ofthe Armed Forces of the United Stateswhen recommended for meritoriousparticipation.
(2) Posthumous. Awards may be madeto those persons who lost their liveswhile participating in the Berlin air-lift, or as a direct result of partici-pating therein, without regard to thelength of such service, provided allother requirements prescribed in sub-paragraph (1) of this paragraph havebeen complied with.
(c) Boundaries of area of Berlin airliftoperations—(1) Northern Boundary. 54thparallel north latitude.
(2) Eastern boundary. 14th meridianeast longitude.
(3) Southern boundary. 48th parallelnorth latitude.
(4) Western boundary. 5th meridianwest longitude.
(d) Awards. No individual will beawarded more than one Medal for Hu-mane Action, regardless of the numberof times he may qualify for an award.
[15 FR 5993, Sept. 6, 1950, as amended at 16FR 391, Jan. 16, 1951]
§ 578.48b Korean Service Medal.
Established by Executive Order 10179,November 9, 1950 (3 CFR, 1950 Supp.).
(a) Requirements. Service betweenJune 27, 1950, and July 27, 1954, underany of the following conditions:
(1) Within the territorial limits ofKorea or in the waters immediately ad-jacent thereto; or
(2) With a unit under the operationalcontrol of CINCFE, other than onewithin the territorial limits of Korea,which has been designated by the Com-mander in Chief, Far East, as havingdirectly supported the military effortin Korea; or
(3) Was furnished an individual cer-tificate by the Commander in Chief,Far East, testifying to material con-tribution made in direct support of themilitary effort in Korea.
(4) The service prescribed must havebeen performed while:
(i) On permanent assignment; or(ii) On temporary duty for 30 con-
secutive days or 60 days not consecu-tive; or
(iii) In active combat against theenemy under conditions other thanthose prescribed in paragraphs (a)(4)(i)and (ii) of this section, provided a com-bat decoration has been awarded or anindividual certificate has been fur-nished by the commander of an inde-pendent force or of a division, ship, orair group, or comparable or higherunit, testifying to such combat credit.
(b) Description. The medal of bronze is11⁄4 inches in diameter. (Design to beannounced later.) The medal is sus-pended by a ring from a silk moire rib-bon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8 inchesin width composed of a white stripe (1⁄32
inch), United Nations blue band (19⁄32
inch), white stripe (1⁄8 inch), United Na-tions blue band (19⁄32 inch), and whitestripe (1⁄32 inch).
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.48c
(c) Service star—(1) Requirements.Combat service within the Korean The-ater between June 27, 1950, and a ter-minal date to be announced, one bronzeservice star for each campaign. Underany of the following conditions:
(i) Assigned, or attached, to andpresent for duty with a unit during theperiod in which it participated in com-bat.
(ii) Under order in the combat zoneand in addition meets any of the fol-lowing requirements:
(a) Awarded a combat decoration.(b) Furnished a certificate by a com-
manding general of a corps, higherunit, or independent force that he actu-ally participated in combat.
(c) Served at a normal post of duty(as contrasted to occupying the statusof an inspector, observer, or visitor).
(d) Aboard a vessel other than in apassenger status and furnished a cer-tificate by the home port commanderof the vessel that he served in the com-bat zone.
(iii) Was an evadee or escapee in thecombat zone or recovered from a pris-oner of war status in the combat zoneduring the time limitations of the cam-paign. Prisoners of war will not be ac-corded credit for the time spent in con-finement or while otherwise in re-straint under enemy control.
(2) Description. See § 578.40(d)(2).(d) Arrowhead—(1) Requirements. See
§ 578.45(e)(2).(2) Description. See § 578.45 (e) (1).
[17 FR 913, Jan. 31, 1952, as amended at 19 FR9376, Dec. 31, 1954]
EDITORIAL NOTE: Executive Order 10179 wasamended by Executive Order 10429, January17, 1953, 18 FR 408 (3 CFR, 1953 Supp.).
§ 578.48c Armed Forces Reserve Medal.Established by Executive Order 10163,
as amended by Executive Order 10439.The reverse of this medal is struck intwo designs for award to personnelwhose Reserve component service hasbeen primarily in the Organized Re-serve or primarily in the NationalGuard. The first design portrays theMinute Man from the Organized Re-serve Crest; the other design portraysthe National Guard insignia.
(a) Requirements. Awarded for honor-able and satisfactory service as a mem-ber or former member of one or more of
the Reserve components of the ArmedForces of the United States, includingthe Coast Guard Reserve and the Ma-rine Corps Reserve, for a period of 10years under the following conditions:
(1) Such years of service must havebeen performed within a period of 12consecutive years.
(2) Each year of active or inactivehonorable service prior to July 1, 1949,in any Reserve component listed inpart 563 of this chapter, will be creditedtoward award. For service performedon or after July 1, 1949, a member mustaccumulate during each anniversaryyear a minimum of 50 retirementpoints as prescribed in part 563 of thischapter.
(3) Service in a regular component ofthe Armed Forces, including the CoastGuard, is excluded except that servicein a Reserve component which is con-current in whole or in part with servicein a regular component will be in-cluded.
(4) Any period during which Reserveservice is interrupted by one or more ofthe following will be excluded in com-puting, but will not be considered as abreak in the period of 12 years:
(i) Service in a regular component ofthe Armed Forces; or
(ii) During tenure of office by anyState official chosen by the voters ofthe entire State, territory, or posses-sion; or
(iii) During tenure of office of mem-ber of the legislative body of theUnited States or of any State, terri-tory, or possession; and
(iv) While serving as judge of a courtof record of the United States, or ofany State, territory, possession, or theDistrict of Columbia.
(b) Ten-year device. One 10-year deviceis awarded for wear on the service rib-bon and suspension ribbon of the Medalfor each 10-year period of service ac-crued in addition to and under the con-ditions prescribed above for award ofthe Medal.
[26 FR 6436, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.48d United Nations ServiceMedal.
Established by United Nations Gen-eral Assembly Resolution 483 (V), De-cember 12, 1950. Presidential accept-ance for the United States Armed
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.48e
Forces announced by the Departmentof Defense November 27, 1951 (directivenumber 110.23–3).
(a) Requirements. (1) Personnel toqualify must be:
(i) Members of the Armed Forces ofthe United States dispatched to Koreaor adjacent areas for service on behalfof the United Nations in the action inKorea; or
(ii) Other personnel dispatched toKorea or adjacent areas as members ofparamilitary and quasimilitary unitsdesignated by the United States Gov-ernment for service in support ofUnited Nations action in Korea andcertified by the United Nations Com-mander-in-Chief as having directly sup-ported military operations there.
NOTE: Personnel awarded the Korean Serv-ice Medal automatically establish eligibilityfor the United Nations Service Medal.
(2) Service. (i) Service shall be for pe-riods provided in this section betweenJune 27, 1950, inclusive, and a terminaldate to be announced later by the Sec-retary General of the United Nations,under either of the following condi-tions:
(a) Within the territorial limits ofKorea or the waters immediately adja-cent thereto or in the air over Korea orover such waters; or
(b) With a national contingent des-ignated by the United States Govern-ment for service in support of theUnited Nations action in Korea andcertified by the United Nations Com-mander-in-Chief as having directly sup-ported military operations in Korea.
(ii) The service prescribed must havebeen performed while serving with anyunit as provided in paragraph (a)(1) ofthis section as specified hereunder:
(a) While on an assignment to suchunit for any period between the datesspecified in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of thissection; or
(b) While attached to such unit for aperiod of 30 days consecutive or non-consecutive, between the dates speci-fied in paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this sec-tion; or
(c) While on active combat againstthe enemy under conditions other thanthose prescribed in paragraphs (a)(2)(ii)(a) and (b) of this section, if a combatdecoration has been awarded or an in-dividual certificate testifying to suchcombat service has been furnished by
the commander of an independent forceor a division, ship, or air group, orcomparable or higher unit.
(b) Description. The medal is of bronzealloy 1.4 inches in diameter. On the ob-verse is the emblem of the United Na-tions (a polar projection map of theworld, taken from the North Pole, em-braced in twin olive branches). On thereverse, within a rim, is the inscription‘‘For Service in Defense of the Prin-ciples of the Charter of the United Na-tions.’’ The medal is suspended from asilk ribbon 2 inches in length and 1.33inches in width, consisting of 17stripes, 9 of United Nations blue and 8of white, alternating, each stripe 0.08inch in width. A bar 1.5 inches inlength and 0.25 inch in width, bearingthe word ‘‘Korea,’’ constitutes a part ofthe suspension of the medal from theribbon.
(c) Exclusions. No personnel of theUnited Nations or of its specializedagencies or of any national governmentservice other than as prescribed above,and no International Red Cross per-sonnel engaged for service under theUnited Nations Commander-in-Chiefwith any United Nations relief team inKorea shall be eligible for the award ofthe medal.
[17 FR 914, Jan. 31, 1952, as amended at 18 FR3046, May 27, 1953; 18 FR 4218, July 18, 1953]
§ 578.48e National Defense ServiceMedal.
Established by Executive Order 10448(3 CFR, 1953 Supp.).
(a) Requirements. Honorable activeservice for any period between June 27,1950, and a terminal date to be an-nounced, both dates inclusive.
(b) Exclusions. For the purpose of thisaward, the following persons shall notbe considered as performing activeservice:
(1) Reserve component personnel onshort tours of active duty to fulfilltraining obligations under an inactivetraining program.
(2) Reserve component personnel ontemporary active duty to serve onboards, courts, commissions, etc.
(3) Any person on active duty for thesole purpose of undergoing a physicalexamination.
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.48f
(4) Any person on active duty for pur-poses other than for extended activeduty.
(c) Description. The medal of bronze11⁄4 inches in diameter. (Design to beannounced later.) The medal is sus-pended by a ring from a silk moire rib-bon 13⁄8 inches in length and 13⁄8 inchesin width composed of a red band (7⁄16
inch), white stripe (1⁄32 inch), bluestripe (1⁄32 inch), white stripe (1⁄32 inch),red stripe (1⁄32 inch), yellow band (1⁄4inch), red stripe (1⁄32 inch), white stripe(1⁄32 inch), blue stripe (1⁄32 inch), whitestripe (1⁄32 inch), red band (7⁄16 inch).
(d) Appurtenances. No appurtenancesother than the service ribbon are au-thorized for use with the National De-fense Service Medal.
[18 FR 5449, Sept. 10, 1953]
§ 578.48f Antarctica Service Medal.Established by Public Law 86–600, as
promulgated in DOD Instruction 1348.9,November 22, 1960.
(a) Requirements. Awarded to any per-son who after January 1, 1946, meetsany of the following qualifications:
(1) Any member of the Armed Forcesof the United States or civilian citizen,or resident alien of the United Stateswho, as a member of a U.S. expedition,participates in scientific, direct sup-port, or exploratory operations on theAntarctic continent.
(2) Any member of the Armed Forcesof the United States or civilian citizen,or resident alien of the United Stateswho, under the sponsorship and ap-proval of competent U.S. Governmentauthority participates in a foreign Ant-arctic expedition on that continent incoordination with a U.S. Antarctic ex-pedition.
(3) Any member of the U.S. ArmedForces who serves as a crew member ofan aircraft flying to or from the Ant-arctic or within Antarctica in supportof operations on that continent.
(4) Any member of the U.S. ArmedForces who serves on a United Statesship operating south of latitude 60°south in support of U.S. operations inAntarctica.
(5) Any person, including citizens offoreign nations, not fulfilling anyabove qualification, who participatesin a U.S. Antarctic expedition on thatcontinent at the invitation of a partici-
pating U.S. agency. In such case, awardwill be made by the Secretary of theDepartment under whose cognizancethe expedition falls, provided the com-mander of the military support force assenior U.S. representative in Antarc-tica considers that he has performedoutstanding and exceptional serviceand shared the hardship and hazards ofthe expedition.
(b) Clasps and discs. Wintering overon the Antarctic continent is recog-nized by the award of the following:
(1) A clasp bearing the words‘‘Wintered over’’ for wear on the sus-pension ribbon of the medal; and
(2) A disc bearing an inscribed out-line of the Antarctic continent forwear on the service ribbon.These appurtenances are awarded inbronze for the first winter, in gold forthe second winter and in silver for thethird winter.
(c) Miscellaneous provisions. (1) Noperson may receive more than oneaward of the Antarctic Service Medal.
(2) Not more than one clasp or discwill be worn on the ribbon.
(3) No minimum time limits for par-ticipation are prescribed.
(4) The Antarctic Service Medaltakes precedence immediately afterthe Korean Service Medal.
[26 FR 6437, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.48g Armed Forces ExpeditionaryMedal.
Established by Executive Order 10977,dated 4 December 1961. This medal isauthorized for:
U.S. Military Operations.U.S. Operations in Direct Support of the
United Nations.U.S. Operations of Assistance for Friendly
Foreign Nations.
(a) Definitions—(1) Operation. A mili-tary action, or the carrying out of astrategic, tactical, service, training, oradministrative military mission; theprocess of carrying on combat includ-ing movement, supply, attack, defense,and maneuvers needed to gain the ob-jectives of any battle or campaign.
(2) Area of operations. (i) The foreignterritory upon which troops have actu-ally landed or are present and specifi-cally deployed for the direct support ofthe designated military operation.
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.49a
(ii) Adjacent water areas in whichships are operating, patrolling, or pro-viding direct support of operations.
(iii) The airspace above and adjacentto the area in which operations arebeing conducted.
(3) Direct support. Services being sup-plied the combat forces in the area ofoperations by ground units, ships, andaircraft providing supplies and equip-ment to the forces concerned, providedit involves actually entering the des-ignated area; and ships and aircraftproviding fire, patrol, guard, reconnais-sance, or other military support.
(b) Requirements. Awarded for servicesafter 1 July 1958, meeting the qualifica-tions set forth below:
(1) General. Personnel must be a bonafide member of a unit engaged in theoperation, or meet one or more of thefollowing criteria:
(i) Shall serve not less than 30 con-secutive days in the area of operations.
(ii) Be engaged in direct support ofthe operation for 30 consecutive daysor 60 nonconsecutive days, providedthis support involves entering the areaof operations.
(iii) Serve for the full period wherean operation is of less than 30 days’ du-ration.
(iv) Be engaged in actual combat, orduty which is equally as hazardous ascombat duty, during the operationwith armed opposition, regardless oftime in the area.
(v) Participate as a regularly as-signed crewmember of an aircraft fly-ing into, out of, within, or over thearea in support of the military oper-ation.
(vi) Be recommended, or attached toa unit recommended, by the chief of aservice or the commander of a unifiedor specified command for award of themedal, although the criteria abovehave not been fulfilled. Such rec-ommendations may be made to theJoint Chiefs of Staff for duty of suchvalue to the operation as to warrantparticular recognition.
(c) Designated areas and dates—(1) U.S.military operation dates. (i) Berlin—from14 August 1961 to 1 June 1963.
(ii) Lebanon—from 1 July 1958 to 1November 1958.
(iii) Quemoy and Matsu Islands—from 23 August 1958 to 1 June 1963. Tai-
wan Straits—from 23 August 1958 to 1January 1959.
(iv) Cuba—from 24 October 1962 to 1June 1963.
(2) U.S. operations in direct support ofthe United Nations. Congo—from 14 July1960 to 1 September 1962.
(3) U.S. operations of assistance for afriendly foreign nation. (i) Laos—from 19April 1961 to 7 October 1962.
(ii) Vietnam—From 1 July 1958 to adate to be announced.Future area of operations will be an-nounced as required.
[29 FR 582, Jan. 22, 1964]
§ 578.49 Service ribbons.A ribbon identical in color with the
suspension ribbon of the service medalit represents, attached to a bar 13⁄8inches in width and 3⁄8 inch in length,equipped with a suitable attaching de-vice. A service ribbon is issued witheach service medal.
[17 FR 914, Jan. 31, 1952]
§ 578.49a Philippine service ribbons.(a) Philippine Defense Ribbon. Estab-
lished by General Orders 8, Army Head-quarters, Commonwealth of the Phil-ippines, 1944.
(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3⁄8inch in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of a red stripe (7⁄32 inch), awhite stripe (3⁄16 inch), red band (9⁄16
inch), a white stripe (3⁄16 inch), and ared stripe (7⁄32 inch); in the center ofthe red band, three white stars 1⁄8-inchcircumscribed diameter, centers placedon extremities of an imaginary equi-lateral triangle 1⁄4-inch on each sidewith one point of each star outwardand centered in radiated center lines.
(2) Requirements. Service in the de-fense of the Philippines from December8, 1941, to June 15, 1942, under either ofthe following conditions:
(i) Participated in any engagementagainst the enemy in Philippine terri-tory, in Philippine waters, or in the airover the Philippines or over Philippinewaters. An individual will be consid-ered as having participated in an en-gagement if he:
(a) Was a member of the defense gar-rison of the Bataan Peninsula or of thefortified islands at the entrance to Ma-nila Bay; or
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.49b
(b) Was a member of and present witha unit actually under enemy fire or airattack; or
(c) Served on a ship which was underenemy fire or air attack: or
(d) Was a crew member or passengerin an airplane which was under enemyaerial or ground fire.
(ii) Assigned or stationed in Phil-ippine territory or in Philippine watersfor not less than 30 days during the pe-riod.
(3) Bronze service star—(i) Description.See § 578.40(d)(2).
(ii) Requirements. Individuals whomeet both of the conditions set forth inparagraph (a)(2) of this section, are au-thorized to wear a bronze service staron the ribbon.
(b) Philippine Liberation Ribbon. Es-tablished by General Orders 8, ArmyHeadquarters, Commonwealth of thePhilippines, 1944.
(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3⁄8inch in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of a red band (7⁄32 inch), bluestripe (1⁄8 inch), white stripe (1⁄8 inch),and a red band (9⁄16 inch).
(2) Requirements. Service in the lib-eration of the Philippines from October17, 1944, to September 3, 1945, under anyof the following conditions:
(i) Participated in the initial landingoperations on Leyte or adjoining is-lands from October 17, 1944, to October20, 1944. An individual will be consid-ered as having participated in such op-erations if he landed on Leyte or ad-joining islands, was on a ship in Phil-ippine waters, or was a crew member ofan airplane which flew over Philippineterritory during the period.
(ii) Participated in any engagementagainst the enemy during the cam-paign on Leyte and adjoining islands.An individual will be considered ashaving participated in combat if hemeets any of the conditions set forth inparagraphs (a)(2)(i) (b), (c), and (d) ofthis section.
(iii) Participated in any engagementagainst the enemy on islands otherthan those included in paragraphs(b)(2)(i) of this section. An individualwill be considered as having partici-pated in combat if he meets any of theconditions set forth in paragraphs(a)(2)(i) (b), (c), and (d) of this section.
(iv) Served in the Philippine Islandsor on ships in Philippine waters for notless than 30 days during the period.
(3) Bronze service star—(i) Description.See § 578.40(d)(2).
(ii) Requirements. Individuals whomeet more than one of the conditionsset forth above are authorized to weara bronze service star on the ribbon foreach additional condition under whichthey qualify other than that underwhich they are eligible for the initialaward of the ribbon.
(c) Philippine Independence Ribbon.Established by General Orders 383,Army Headquarters, Commonwealth ofthe Philippines, 1946.
(1) Description. A silk moire ribbon 3⁄8inch in length and 13⁄8 inches in widthcomposed of a yellow stripe (1⁄8 inch),blue stripe (3⁄8 inch), red stripe (3⁄32
inch), white stripe (3⁄16 inch), red stripe(3⁄32 inch), blue stripe (3⁄8 inch), and yel-low stripe (1⁄8 inch).
(2) Requirements. Army personnel whoare recipients of the Philippine Defenseand/or Philippine Liberation Ribbonsare eligible for the award of the Phil-ippine Independence Ribbon.
[14 FR 6265, Oct. 14, 1949, as amended at 17 FR914, Jan. 31, 1952; 18 FR 4218, July 18, 1953]
§ 578.49b United Nations Medal.Established by the United Nations
Secretary-General, July 30, 1959. Presi-dential acceptance for the UnitedStates Armed Forces announced by De-partment of Defense Instruction1348.10, December 6, 1960.
(a) Eligibility. Personnel to qualify foraward must be or have been in theservice of the United Nations, for a pe-riod not less than 6 months, with one ofthe following:
(1) United Nations Observation Groupin Lebanon (UNOGIL)
(2) United Nations Truce SupervisionOrganization in Palestine (UNTSOP),
(3) United Nations Military ObserverGroup in India and Pakistan(UNMOGIP).
(b) Awards. Awards are made by theUnited Nations Secretary-General, orin his name by officials to whom hedelegates awarding authority.
(c) Presentation. Presentation nor-mally will be made in the field by theSenior Representative of the Sec-retary-General who makes the award.
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.54
When presentation is not so accom-plished, any person who believes him-self eligible for award may submit toThe Adjutant General, ATTN: AGPS–AD a request for such award with copyof any substantiating documents. TheAdjutant General will forward eachsuch request through the Office of In-ternal Administration, Office of the As-sistant Secretary of State for Inter-national Organization Affairs, to theUnited Nations for consideration.
[26 FR 6437, July 18, 1961]
§ 578.52 Miniature service medals andappurtenances.
(a) Description. Miniature servicemedals and appurtenances are replicasof the corresponding service medalsand appurtenances, on a scale of 1⁄2.
(b) Wearing. Miniature service medalswith miniature appurtenances are wornattached to a bar on the left lapel ofmilitary and civilian evening clothesonly.
[13 FR 6802, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.53 Miniature service ribbons.(a) Description. Miniature service rib-
bons are replicas of corresponding serv-ice ribbons, on a scale of 1⁄2.
(b) Wearing. Miniature service rib-bons with miniature appurtenances areworn attached to a bar on civilianclothes only.
[13 FR 6802, Nov. 19, 1948]
§ 578.54 Lapel buttons.(a) Enameled reproductions of the
service ribbons of all service medals,except the World War I and World WarII Victory Medal, are authorized.
(1) Eligibility requirements. Same as forthe service medals listed in §§ 578.27through 578.39, 578.41 through 578.46,578.48 through 578.48c, and 578.48e.
(2) Description. The lapel button is21⁄32-inch in width and 1⁄8-inch in lengthin colored enamel, being a reproduc-tion of the service ribbon.
(b) World War I Victory button(World War I Victory Medal lapel but-ton).
(1) Eligibility requirements. Honorableservice during the period April 6, 1917,to November 11, 1918, or service withthe—
(i) American Expeditionary Forces inEuropean Russia between November 12,1918, and August 5, 1919; or
(ii) American Expeditionary ForcesinSiberia between November 12, 1918, andApril 1, 1920.
(2) Description. A five-pointed star 5⁄8-inch in diameter on a wreath with theletters ‘‘US’’ in the center. For personswounded in action, the lapel button isof silver; for all others, of bronze.
(c) Honorable service lapel button(World War II Victory Medal lapel but-ton).
(1) Eligibility requirements. HonorableFederal military service between Sep-tember 8, 1939, and December 31, 1946.
(2) Description. A button of gold-colormetal and consists of an eagle perchedwithin a ring composed of a chief and13 vertical stripes. The button is 7⁄16-inch in height and 5⁄8-inch in width.
(d) Lapel button for service renderedprior to 8 September 1939 (World War IIVictory Medal lapel button).
(1) Eligibility requirements. (i) The fol-lowing persons are entitled to wearthis lapel button:
(a) Those who have served honorablyas enlisted men, field clerks, warrantofficers, nurses, or commissioned mem-bers of the military forces in time ofwar.
(b) Those who have served honorablyin the Army of the United States andhave been trained and qualified in thegrade of private or in a higher grade,including contract surgeons and veteri-narians, warrant officers, nurses, andcommissioned officers.
(c) Those who have served honorablyin a military unit conducted under theWar Department, or have been trainedand qualified as a private or in a highergrade.
(ii) Except where other regulationsgovern, the length of service and train-ing required for qualification for thelapel button for service rendered priorto September 8, 1939, will be as follows,such service and training to have beenconsidered honorable and satisfactoryby the commanding officer:
(a) Two months’ service in the Reg-ular Army.
(b) One year’s service in the NationalGuard.
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.56
(c) One year’s service in the EnlistedReserve Corps, including 15 days’ train-ing on active or inactive duty, orequivalent training during anotheryear.
(d) One year’s service in the basiccourse of a senior Reserve Officers’Training Corps unit or in a junior Re-serve Officers’ Training Corps unit inan essentially military school.
(e) Two years’ service in other juniorReserve Officers’ Training Corps unitsand units given Government aid (sec-tion 55c, National Defense Act, and R.S. 1225).
(f) Two months’ service in a citizens’military training camp or its equiva-lent.
(iii) Next of kin are not authorized towear the lapel button for service.
(2) Description. A button of gold-colormetal and consists of an eagle perchedwithin a ring which displays 7 whiteand 6 red vertical stripes with a bluechief bearing the words ‘‘National De-fense.’’ The button is 7⁄16-inch in heightand 5⁄8-inch in width.
(e) Army lapel button—(1) Eligibility re-quirements. Honorable active Federalservice in the Army of the UnitedStates for at least 1 year subsequent toDecember 31, 1946.
(2) Description. The minute man ingold-color metal on a red enamel disksurrounded by 16 pointed gold rays,outside diameter 9⁄16-inch.
[19 FR 9377, Dec. 31, 1954]
§ 578.56 Manufacture, sale, and illegalpossession.
Sections 507.1 to 507.8 of this chapterprescribe:
(a) Restrictions on manufacture andsale of service medals and appur-tenances by civilians.
(b) Penalties for illegal possessionand wearing of service medals and ap-purtenances.
[13 FR 6802, Nov. 19, 1948]
BADGES
SOURCE: Sections 578.60 through 578.62 ap-pear at 26 FR 6437, July 18, 1961, unless other-wise noted.
§ 578.60 Badges and tabs; general.(a) Purpose. The purpose of awarding
badges is to provide for public recogni-
tion by tangible evidence of the attain-ment of a high degree of skill, pro-ficiency, and excellence in tests andcompetition, as well as in the perform-ance of duties. Awards of badges pro-mote esprit de corps, and provide an in-centive to greater effort, thus becom-ing instrumental in building and main-taining morale. Types of badges au-thorized to be awarded as hereinafterprescribed, are combat and special skillbadges, qualification badges and identi-fication badges.
(b) Recommendations. Recommenda-tions for awards of badges will be for-warded through channels to the com-mander authorized herein to make therespective awards of to The AdjutantGeneral, ATTN: AGPS–AD, as prompt-ly as practicable following the individ-ual’s qualification.
(c) Awards of badges—(1) General.Badges may be awarded in the fieldonly by designated commanders. Com-manders other than those to whom au-thority is delegated herein will forwardrecommendations for such awardsthrough command channels to The Ad-jutant General, ATTN: AGPS–AD.
(2) Posthumous awards. When an indi-vidual who has qualified for a badgedies before the award is made, theaward nevertheless may be made andthe badge forwarded to the next of kinas indicated by the records of the De-partment of the Army, in the followingprecedence: Widow, or widower, eldestson, eldest daughter, father, mother,eldest brother, eldest sister, or eldestgrandchild. Posthumous awards madeby commanders outside the continentalUnited States will be forwarded to TheAdjutant General, ATTN: AGPS–AD.
(3) Retroactive awards. Retroactiveawards of the Combat InfantrymanBadge and Medical Badge will not bemade. Exceptions are awards of Com-bat Infantryman Badge or MedicalBadge made by The Adjutant Generalupon written request by individualsotherwise fully qualified who are re-cipients of decorations for heroism incombat.
(d) Announcement of awards. Exceptfor identification badges, each award ofa badge will be announced in specialorders of commanders authorized here-in to make the award or in letter or-ders of the Department of the Army.
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.61
(e) Presentation of awards. Wheneverpracticable, badges will be presented tomilitary personnel with formal and im-pressive ceremony. Presentationsshould be made as promptly as possiblefollowing announcement of awards and,when practicable, in the presence ofthe troops with whom the recipientswere serving at the time of qualifica-tion.
(f) Supply of badges and appur-tenances—(1) Items issued by the Depart-ment of the Army:
(i) Combat and Special Skill badges.(ii) Qualification badges.(iii) Qualification badge bars.(iv) The Guard, Tomb of the Un-
known Soldier identification badge (anitem of organizational equipment).
(2) Items not issued or sold by Depart-ment of the Army: Identification badges,except as provided in paragraph (a) ofthis section.
(i) Lapel buttons for badges.(ii) Certificates for badges.(iii) Foreign badges.(iv) Miniature combat infantryman
and expert infantryman badges.(3) Requisition. Initial issue or re-
placement for badge lost, destroyed, orrendered unfit for use without fault orneglect on the part of the person whomit was awarded, will be made upon ap-plication, without charge to militarypersonnel on active duty and at stockfund standard price to all others.
(g) Character of service. No badge willbe awarded to any person who, subse-quent to qualification therefor, hasbeen dismissed, dishonorably dis-charged, or convicted of desertion bycourt-martial, except as provided in§ 578.61(c).
§ 578.61 Combat and special skillbadges and tabs.
(a) Purpose. Combat and special skillbadges are awarded to denote pro-ficiency in performance of duties underhazardous conditions and cir-cumstances of extraordinary hardshipas well as special qualifications andsuccessful completion of prescribedcourses of training.
(b) To whom awarded. (1) The CombatInfantryman Badge may be awardedonly to members of the United StatesArmy or Navy.
(2) The Medical Badge may be award-ed only to members of the UnitedStates Army or Navy.
(3) All other combat and special skillbadges may be earned by honorable ac-tive or inactive service, in or while for-mally assigned or attached to, theUnited States Army. Awards of UnitedStates Army combat and special skillbadges to a foreigner will be made onlywith the prior consent of his parentgovernment and upon completion ofthe full requirements established foreach badge listed below.
(c) Reinstatement of awards. An awardonce revoked will not be reinstatedautomatically when, for any reason ofconviction by court-martial for deser-tion in time of war is voided by com-petent authority.
(d) Combat Infantryman Badge.— (1)Eligibility requirements. (i) An individualmust be an infantry officer in the gradeof colonel or below, or an enlisted man,or a warrant officer with infantryMOS, who subsequent to December 6,1941, has satisfactorily performed dutywhile assigned or attached as a mem-ber of an infantry unit of regimental orsmaller size during any period suchunit was engaged in active ground com-bat. Battle participating credit alone isnot sufficient; the unit must have beenin active ground combat with theenemy during the period. Awards maybe made to assigned members of rangerinfantry companies assigned or at-tached to tactical infantry organiza-tions.
(ii) Awards will not be made to gen-eral officers nor to members of head-quarters companies of units larger insize than battle groups.
(iii) Any officer whose basic branch isother than infantry who, under appro-priate orders, has commanded an infan-try unit of regimental or smaller sizefor at least 30 consecutive days isdeemed to have been detailed in infan-try and is eligible for the award of theCombat Infantryman Badge notwith-standing absence of written orders de-tailing him in the infantry provided allother requirements for such awardhave been met. Orders directing the in-dividual to assume command will beconfirmed in writing at the earliestpracticable date.
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.61
(iv) One award of the Combat Infan-tryman Badge is authorized to each in-dividual for each separate war in whichthe requirements prescribed have beenmet. Second, third, and fourth awardsare indicated by superposing 1, 2, and 3stars respectively, centered at the topof the badge between the points of theoak wreath.
(2) Who may award. Commanding gen-erals of infantry divisions and com-manding officers of infantry battlegroups, separate infantry battalions,and separate infantry companies.
(e) Medical Badge—(1) Eligibility re-quirements. (i) A member of the ArmyMedical Service or of the Naval Med-ical Service assigned or attached to theArmy, must have satisfactorily per-formed medical duties subsequent toDecember 6, 1941, while assigned or at-tached in a permanent status as amember of the medical detachment ofan infantry unit of regimental orsmaller size, or as a member of themedical platoon of an infantry or air-borne battle group headquarters com-pany, during any period the unit wasengaged in active ground combat. Bat-tle participation credit is not suffi-cient; the infantry unit must have beenin contact with the enemy.
(ii) Awards of this badge will not bemade to members of medical battal-ions, except when attached to an infan-try unit as indicated above.
(iii) One award of the medical badgeis authorized to each individual foreach war in which the above require-ments are met. Successive awards areindicated by superimposing stars onthe badge as follows: Second award,one star at the top center above thecross; third award, two stars, one atthe top center above the cross and oneat the bottom center of the wreath;fourth award, three stars, one at thetop center above the cross, and one ateach side of the wreath at the ends ofthe stretcher.
(2) Who may award. Same as for Com-bat Infantryman Badge.
(f) Expert Infantryman Badge—(1) Eli-gibility requirement. An individual mustbe an infantry officer or enlisted man,or a warrant officer with an infantryMOS who has satisfactorily completedthe proficiency tests prescribed byArmy Regulations while assigned to an
infantry unit of regimental or smallersize; or when assigned to, or attendinga course of instruction at, the UnitedStates Army Infantry School.
(2) Who may award. Commanding offi-cers of infantry regiments, battlegroups and separate infantry units ortheir next superior, commanders ofUnited States Army Training Centers,and the Commandant, United StatesArmy Infantry School. Commanders attraining installations may award thebadge to qualified personnel under-going 6 months’ active duty for train-ing under the Reserve Forces Act of1955 provided such personnel are as-signed to infantry units of battle groupor smaller size in the Reserve compo-nents.
(g) Parachutist badges. (1) Three de-grees of badges are authorized foraward: the Master Parachutist Badge,the Senior Parachutist Badge, and theParachutist Badge. Eligibility require-ments for each badge are set forth insucceeding paragraphs. Awarding au-thorities for all three are the following:Commanding generals of the UnitedStates Continental Army Command; ZIarmies and overseas commands: Mili-tary District of Washington, U.S.Army; airborne corps; airborne divi-sions; infantry divisions containing or-ganic airborne elements, and the Quar-termaster Research and EngineeringCommand; the Commandants of the In-fantry School and of the Quarter-master School; commanding officers ofseparate airborne regiments, separateairborne battle groups, or separate air-borne battalions. Special ForcesGroups (Airborne), and the SpecialWarfare Center; and President, U.S.Army Airborne and Electronics Board.
(2) Eligibility for awards will be de-termined from the Individual JumpRecord (DA Form 1307) contained inthe field 201 file section of the per-sonnel records jacket. Each entry onthis form will include pay period cov-ered and initials of the personnel offi-cer; the entry will be made only from aCertificate of Jump and Loading Mani-fest (DA Form 1306) completed by anofficer or jumpmaster.
(h) Master Parachutist Badge. An indi-vidual must have been rated excellentin character and efficiency and havemet the following requirements:
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.61
(1) Participated in a minimum of 65jumps to include:
(i) Twenty-five jumps with combatequipment to consist of normal TOEequipment, individual weapon carriedby the individual in combat whetherthe jump was in actual or simulatedcombat. In cases of simulated combatthe equipment will include water, ra-tions (actual or dummy), ammunition(actual or dummy), and other essentialitems necessary to sustain an indi-vidual in combat;
(ii) Four night jumps made duringthe hours of darkness (regardless of thetime of day with respect to sunset) oneof which will be as jumpmaster of astick;
(iii) Five mass tactical jumps whichculminate in an airborne assault prob-lem with a unit equivalent to a bat-talion or larger; a separate company/battery; or an organic staff of regi-mental size or larger. The individualmust fill a position commensurate withhis rank or grade during the problem.
(2) Either graduated from theJumpmaster Course of the AirborneDepartment of the Infantry School orthe jumpmaster school of a separateairborne battalion or larger airborneunit, or served as jumpmaster on oneor more combat jumps or asjumpmaster on 33 noncombat jumps.
(3) Have served on jump status withan airborne unit or other organizationauthorized parachutists for a total ofat least 36 months.
(i) Senior Parachutist Badge. An indi-vidual must have been rated excellentin character and efficiency and havemet the following requirements:
(1) Participated in a minimum of 30jumps to include:
(i) Fifteen jumps with combat equip-ment to consist of normal TOE equip-ment including individual weapon car-ried in combat whether the jump wasin actual or simulated combat. In casesof simulated combat the equipmentwill include water, rations (actual ordummy), ammunition (actual ordummy), and other essential items nec-essary to sustain an individual in com-bat; and
(ii) Two night jumps made during thehours of darkness (regardless of time ofday with respect to sunset) one ofwhich will be as jumpmaster of a stick;
(iii) Two mass tactical jumps whichculminate in an airborne assault prob-lem with either a unit equivalent to abattalion or larger; a separate com-pany/battery; or an organic staff of reg-imental size or larger. The individualmust fill a position commensurate withhis rank or grade during the problem.
(2) Either graduated from theJumpmaster Course of the AirborneDepartment of the Infantry School orthe jumpmaster school of a separateairborne battalion or larger airborneunit, or served as jumpmaster on oneor more combat jumps or as ajumpmaster on 15 noncombat jumps.
(3) Have served on jump status withan airborne unit or other organizationsauthorized parachutists for a total ofat least 24 months.
(j) Parachutists Badge. An individualmust have satisfactorily completed theprescribed proficiency tests while as-signed or attached to an airborne unitor the Airborne Department of The In-fantry School; or have participated inat least one combat parachute jumpinto enemy-held territory as a memberof an organized force carrying out anassigned tactical mission for which theunit was credited with an airborne as-sault landing by the theater com-mander.
(k) Army aviator badges—(1) Badgesauthorized. (i) Master Army AviatorBadge.
(ii) Senior Army Aviator Badge.(iii) Army Aviator Badge.(2) Eligibility requirements. An indi-
vidual must have satisfactorily com-pleted prescribed training and pro-ficiency tests as outlined in AR 600–106,and must have been designated as anaviator in orders issued by head-quarters indicated below:
(3) Who may award. (i) The Com-mandant, Army Aviation School, maydesignate an individual as an ArmyAviator.
(ii) The Adjutant General may des-ignate an individual as an Army Avi-ator, as a Senior Army Aviator, and asa Master Army Aviator.
(l) Army Aviation Medical OfficerBadge. The Surgeon General mayaward this badge to any Army MedicalCorps officer to whom he has awardedMOS 3160 (either primary or secondary)
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.62
upon successful completion of a coursein aviation medicine.
(m) Diver badges—(1) Badges author-ized. Diver proficiency is recognized bythe following badges:
(i) Master Diver Badge.(ii) First-Class Diver Badge.(iii) Salvage Diver Badge.(iv) Second-Class Diver Badge.(2) Eligibility requirements. An indi-
vidual must have satisfactorily com-pleted prescribed proficiency tests inaccordance with AR 611–75 while as-signed or attached to an authorizeddiving and salvage school or to a unitfor which the TOE or TD includes div-ing personnel.
(3) Who may award. The commandantof an authorized diving and salvageschool and commanding officer of aregiment, group, or separate battalionfor which the TOE or TD includes div-ing personnel.
(n) Explosive Ordnance Disposal Super-visor Badge—(1) Eligibility requirements.Any commissioned officer, warrant of-ficer, or noncommissioned officer ingrade E–6 or higher may be awardedthe badge if he meets, or has met, allthe following requirements;
(i) Successful completion of basic andspecial weapons disposal courses of in-struction.
(ii) Eighteen months cumulativeservice in a supervisory position in aTOE or TD which the above explosiveordnance disposal courses are a pre-requisite.
(iii) Noncommissioned officers musthave been rated excellent in characterand efficiency at the time of rec-ommendation for the award.
(2) Who may award. Commanding gen-erals of divisions and higher com-mands, and commanding officers ofseparate groups or equivalent head-quarters exercising operational controlof EOD personnel or units.
(o) Explosive Ordnance Disposal Spe-cialist Badge—(1) Eligibility requirements.Any commissioned officer, warrant of-ficer, or enlisted man may be awardedthe badge if he meets, or has met, allthe following requirements:
(i) Successful completion of the pre-scribed basic EOD course of instruc-tion.
(ii) Assigned in a TOE or TD positionfor which the basic EOD course is aprerequisite.
(2) Who may award. Same as in para-graph (n) of this section.
(p) Glider Badge. The Glider Badge isno longer awarded. An individual whowas awarded the badge upon satisfyingthen current eligibility requirementsmay continue to wear the badge. Eligi-bility for award could be established bysatisfactory completion of prescribedproficiency tests while assigned or at-tached to an airborne unit or to theAirborne Department of the InfantrySchool, or by participation in at leastone combat glider landing into enemy-held territory as a member of an orga-nized force carrying out an assignedtactical mission for which the unit wascredited with an airborne assault land-ing by the theater commander.
(q) Ranger Tab. (1) The Commandantof the U.S. Army Infantry School mayaward the Ranger Tab to any personwho successfully completed a RangerCourse conducted by that school.
(2) The Adjutant General may awardthe Ranger Tab to any person who wasawarded the Combat InfantrymanBadge while serving as a member of aRanger Battalion (1st–6th, inclusive) orin the 5307th Composite Unit, Provi-sional (Merrill’s Marauders) or to anyperson who successfully completed aRanger course conducted by the Rang-er Training Command.
§ 578.62 Qualification badges and tabs.
(a) Driver and Mechanic Badge—(1)Purpose. This badge is awarded to de-note the attainment of a high degree ofskill in the operation and maintenanceof motor vehicles. Component bars areauthorized only for the following typesof vehicles and/or qualifications:
(i) Driver—W (for wheeled vehicles).(ii) Driver—T (for tracked vehicles).(iii) Driver—M (for motorcycles).(iv) Driver—A (for amphibious vehi-
cles).(v) Mechanic (for automotive or al-
lied trade vehicles).(vi) Operator—S (for special mechan-
ical equipment).(2) Eligibility requirements for drivers.
The individual must have:
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Department of the Army, DoD § 578.62
(i) Qualified for and possess a currentU.S. Government Motor Vehicle Opera-tor’s Identification Card (SF 46), issuedas prescribed by AR 600–55; and
(ii) Performed assigned duty as adriver or assistant driver of Army vehi-cles for a minimum of 12 consecutivemonths, or during at least 8,000 milesand has no Army motor vehicle acci-dent or traffic violation recorded on hisDriver Qualification Record (DA Form348); or
(iii) Performed satisfactorily for aminimum period of 1 year as an activequalified driver instructor, or motorvehicle driver examiner.
(3) Eligibility requirements for mechan-ics. The individual must have:
(i) Passed aptitude tests and havecompleted the standard mechanics;course with a ‘‘skilled’’ rating or havedemonstrated possession of sufficientprevious experience as an automotivemechanic to justify such a rating; and
(ii) Been assigned to primary duty asan automotive mechanic, second ech-elon or higher, or as an active auto-motive mechanic instructor; and
(iii) If required to drive an Armymotor vehicle in connection with auto-motive mechanic or automotive me-chanic instructor duties, qualified formotor vehicle operators permit as pre-scribed above, and performed dutywhich included driving motor vehiclesfor a minimum of 6 consecutivemonths, and had no Army motor vehi-cle accident or traffic violation re-corded on his Driver QualificationRecord (DA Form 348).
(4) Eligibility requirements for operatorsof special mechanical equipment. A sol-dier or civilian whose primary duty in-volves operation of Army materialshandling or other mechanical equip-ment must have completed 12 consecu-tive months or 500 hours of operation,whichever comes later, without acci-dent or written reprimand as the resultof his operation, and his operating per-formance must have been adequate inall respects.
(5) Who may award. Commanding offi-cers of regiments, battle groups, sepa-rate battalions, and any commandingofficer in the grade of lieutenant colo-nel or higher.
(b) Basic qualification badges. A basicqualification badge is awarded to indi-
cate the degree in which an individual,military or civilian, has qualified in aprescribed record course and an appro-priate bar is furnished to denote eachweapon with which he qualified. Eachbar will be attached to the basic badgewhich indicates the qualification lastattained with the respective weapon.Basic qualification badges are of threeclasses: Expert, sharpshooter, andmarksman. The only weapons forwhich component bars are authorizedare:
Weapon Inscription
Rifle ................. Rifle.Pistol ............... Pistol.Antiaircraft artil-
lery.AA Artillery.
Automatic rifle Auto rifle.Machine gun ... Machine gun.Field Artillery ... Field Arty.Tank Weapons Tank Weapons.Flamethrower .. Flamethrower.Submachine
gun.Submachine gun.
Rocket Launch-er.
Rocket Launcher.
Grenade .......... Grenade.Carbine ........... Carbine.Recoilless rifle Recoilless Rifle.Mortar .............. Mortar.Bayonet ........... Bayonet.Rifle, small
bore.Small bore rifle.
Pistol, smallbore.
Small bore pistol.
Missile ............. Missile.
(c) Who may award—(1) To militarypersonnel. Any commander in the gradeor position of lieutenant colonel orhigher may make awards to membersof the Armed Forces of the UnitedStates. ROTC camp commanders andprofessors of military science of ROTCmay make awards to members of theROTC.
(2) To civilian personnel. Except touniformed civilian guards, awards tocivilians will be made only by the Di-rector of Civilian Marksmanship, Head-quarters, Department of the Army. Theauthorization for civilian guards towear marksmanship badges may bemade by installation commanders. Ci-vilian guards will procure badges attheir own expense.
(d) Revocation of awards—(1) Basicqualification badges. An award for pre-vious qualification is revoked auto-matically whenever an individual, uponcompletion of firing a record course forwhich the previous award was made,
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32 CFR Ch. V (7–1–00 Edition)§ 578.62
has not attained the same qualifica-tion. If the bar which is revoked auto-matically is the only one authorized tobe worn on the respective basic quali-fication badge, the award of the basicbadge likewise is revoked automati-cally. An award once revoked will notbe reinstated.
(2) Driver and Mechanic Badge. Anaward of this badge will be revokedonly by a commander authorized toaward the badge and only for any ofthe following reasons:
(i) Motor vehicle driver and operator ofspecial mechanical equipment. (a) In theevent of a moving traffic violation inwhich life or property was endangered,or an accident which involved eitherproperty damage or personal injurywherein the awardee was at fault.
(b) If the event of damage to the vehi-cle for which the awardee is responsibledue to lack of preventive maintenance.
(c) In the event of an unsatisfactoryrating of the awardee as a driver.
(ii) Motor Mechanic. (a) In the eventof failure of awardee to perform his as-signed duties as a mechanic in an ex-cellent manner.
(b) In the event of damage to vehicleor shop equipment as a result of care-less or inefficient performance of dutyby the awardee.
(c) In the event of unsatisfactoryshop performance by the awardee.
(3) Miscellaneous. An award of a dis-tinguished designation badge or theExcellence in Competition Badge willbe revoked only by the CommandingGeneral, United States ContinentalArmy Command, or by The AdjutantGeneral and only when an award hasbeen made through error or as the re-sult of fraud.
(e) Distinguished designation badges—(1) Purpose. A Distinguished RiflemanBadge or a Distinguished Pistol ShotBadge is awarded to a member of theArmy or to a civilian in recognition ofa preeminent degree of achievement intarget practice firing with the standardmilitary service rifle or pistol. Winnersof distinguished designation badgeswill not part with them without au-thority of the Secretary of the Armyand will hold them subject to inspec-tion at any time.
(2) Types of badges. Each badge con-sists of a bar and pendant. There are
two designs of bars: One with inscrip-tion ‘‘US Army’’ for award to Armymembers; and the other with inscrip-tion ‘‘US,’’ for award to civilians.
(3) Eligibility requirements. (i) A mem-ber of the Army will be designated as aDistinguished Rifleman or Distin-guished Pistol Shot when he has earnedthree credits toward the distinguisheddesignation, provided that at least onecredit was earned by having beenawarded the Excellence in CompetitionBadge for achievement in the Nationalmatches or in the All-Army Champion-ships.
(ii) A civilian will be designated bythe Army as a Distinguished Riflemanor Distinguished Pistol Shot when forthe third time he has qualified foraward of the Excellence in CompetitionBadge, provided that at least one ofthese awards was won in the Nationalmatches or for having placed amongthe upper 50 percent of individuals de-termined to be entitled to such awardsin either a major command competi-tion or National Rifle Association Re-gional Championship match. Badgesawarded prior to 1948 will be consideredtoward achievement of the distin-guished designation under the rules ofthe match in which won. A creditgranted by the National Board for thePromotion of Rifle Practice underrules in effect for matches prior to 1948will be considered toward the award ofthis badge the same as though an Ex-cellence in Competition had beenawarded.
(iii) The year in which a person firstbecame eligible for designation by theArmy as a Distinguished Rifleman orDistinguished Pistol Shot is the yearin which he is regarded as having at-tained the distinguished designationand for which he will be so designated.
(iv) In computing credits toward dis-tinguished designation only one creditper calendar year in any one individualor team match will be allowed.
(4) Who may award—(i) To Army per-sonnel. Commanding General, UnitedStates Continental Army CommandCopies of letters of authorization willbe forwarded to The Adjutant GeneralATTN: AGPF, for record purposes.
(ii) To all others. The Adjutant Gen-eral.
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Department of the Army, DoD § 581.1
(5) Engraving. The name of the recipi-ent and the year of attainment will beengraved on the reverse of the metalpendant.
(f) Excellence in Competition Badge—(1)Purpose. Excellence in CompetitionBadges are awarded to individuals inrecognition of an eminent degree ofachievement in target practice firingwith the standard military service rifleor pistol.
(2) Types of badges. Types of badgesand criteria for award are under revi-sion. When finalized, they will be pub-lished in a change to this section.
(3) Eligibility requirements. The num-ber of badges which will be awarded inrecognition of achievement in the Na-tional Matches, the All-Army Cham-pionships, Major Command Competi-tions, or in National Rifle AssociationRegional Championships will dependprimarily upon the number of ‘‘non-distinguished’’ participants in thematch. In all competitions exceptthose included in the National Matchesthe badge will be awarded only for ex-cellence in individual competition. Inthe National Matches the badge may beawarded for achievement in both indi-vidual and team competition. The con-ditions governing eligibility for awardof the badge in the National Matchesare prescribed by the National Boardfor the Promotion of Rifle Practice injoint regulations entitled ‘‘Rules andRegulations for National Matches’’.Comparable badges will be awarded tocivilians by the Director of CivilianMarksmanship in accordance with reg-ulations prescribed by the NationalBoard for the Promotion of Rifle Prac-tice. A badge for excellence in competi-tion in a match conducted subsequentto 1947 will be awarded only to a personwhose score in authorized competitionconstitutes a credit toward a distin-guished designation badge. The deter-mination as to whether a badge for ex-cellence in competition which has beenawarded for achievement in a matchconducted prior to 1948 may be consid-ered toward the award of a distin-guished designation badge will be inaccordance with Army Regulations ineffect at the time such match was con-ducted.
(4) Limit on award. (i) In no case willan individual be awarded more than
one badge of each type. Credits will begiven in lieu of additional awards ofthe same badge.
(ii) Individuals who have eitherqualified for or attained the distin-guished designation are ineligible forfurther awards of this badge. Any suchindividual who fraudulently accepts anadditional award of the Excellence inCompetition Badge when he is aware ofhis eligibility for distinguished des-ignation, or has been designated as aDistinguished Rifleman or Distin-guished Pistol Shot will be subject torevocation of the award.
(5) Who may award—(i) To Army per-sonnel in active service. CommandingGeneral, United States ContinentalArmy Command. Copies of letters ofauthorization will be forwarded to TheAdjutant General, ATTN: AGPF, forrecord purposes.
(ii) To all others. The Adjutant Gen-eral, upon recommendation of theCommanding General, United StatesContinental Army Command, or theNational Board for the Promotion ofRifle Practice, as appropriate.
(g) President’s Hundred Tab. A Presi-dent’s Hundred Tab is awarded to eachperson who qualified among the top 100successful contestants in the Presi-dent’s Match held annually at the Na-tional Rifle Matches.
PART 581—PERSONNEL REVIEWBOARD
Sec.581.1 Army Disability Review Board.581.2 Army Discharge Review Board.581.3 Army Board for Correction of Military
Records.
AUTHORITY: 10 U.S.C. 1552, 1553, 1554, 3013,3014, 3016; 38 U.S.C. 3103(a).
§ 581.1 Army Disability Review Board.(a) General provisions—(1) Constitution,
purpose, and jurisdiction of review board.(i) The Army Disability Review Board(called the review board in this sec-tion) is an administrative agency cre-ated within the Department of theArmy under authority of section 302,title I, Act of June 22, 1944 (58 Stat.284), as amended by section 4, Act ofDecember 28, 1945 (59 Stat. 623), to re-view, at the request of any officer re-tired or released from active service,
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