Department - Unit Safety Coordinator’s (Fall) Seminar

Department - Unit Safety Department - Unit Safety Coordinator’s (Fall) SeminarCoordinator’s (Fall) Seminar

Oregon State UniversityOregon State UniversityEnvironmental Health and Safety Environmental Health and Safety

Department - Unit Safety Coordinator (DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

Director’s MinuteSteve LeBoeuf

Campus Emergency Campus Emergency Preparedness: Preparedness:

Building ClosureBuilding ClosureSteve LeBoeufEnvironmental Health and SafetyOregon State University

Revised Campus Emergency Plans (2008)

• Senior management direction• A “Steering Committee” provides

ongoing planning oversight• Enterprise-wide preparedness expected

as part of normal program & business planning

• Emergency Operations Center (EOC)• A central EOC was developed at

Cascade Hall, with a disaster management team from University senior leadership who uses the National Incident Management System (NIMS) when responding to emergencies

Revised Campus Emergency Plans (2008) Continued

• Begin to Create “Satellite Operations Centers (SOC)” and “Department Operations Centers (DOC)”• Schools & departments have specific

responsibilities before, during, and after an emergency incident i.e. evacuation of persons with disabilities

• Ongoing training & annual exercises keep us ready• Practice critical EOC/SOC/DOC roles &

interdependencies• Developed “generic” plans that apply to

any emergency• Level 1(minor incident), 2(major

emergency), 3(disaster)

23 SOCs

Department A DOC

Department B DOC

Department C DOC

College/UnitSOC

Incident Command Team

AtCentral EOC

Policy Group

Oregon State University

Emergency Communications

Flow

6 Operational Service/Technical Departments17 Academic/Administrative Headquarters

3 “Emergency Levels”• Minor Incident (resolved with internal

resources, no program disruption)• Major Emergency (Impacts sizable area, life

safety or critical functions)• EOC Operational Directors • “Mini EOC”=Situation Triage and Assessment Team

(STAT)• Affected SOCs and Departments• Possible involvement of local or county agencies

• Disaster (involves entire campus and community)• University EOC, all SOC’s, all DOC’s• Coordination with local, county, state, federal agencies

Emergency Plan Fundamentals

Emergency preparedness is an integral part of business and operational planning throughout all University units

All OSU emergency plans should address issues of “preparedness, response & recovery”

Plans are generic or “all hazard” Response is calibrated to 3 “emergency levels” Emergency Plan Goals:

◦ Protect life safety◦ Secure critical infrastructure and facilities◦ Resume teaching and research programs

OSU Building Emergency Systems -- Building Closure

SequenceCriteria for building closure based

on:◦Life safety concerns◦Chemical use/Laboratories◦Building emergency systems◦Size of building/presence of natural

light to the interior space

Building closure sequenceFume hoods/chemical storage.

◦Expect closure T-30 minutes.Emergency lighting & fire alarms

connected to backup generator.◦Building closure not expected.

Emergency lighting & fire alarms connected to battery backup.◦Expect closure T-90 minutes OR Start

fire- watch.

Building closure sequence

No emergency lighting or fire alarms (and building has areas without natural light).◦Expect closure as soon as possible.

Student housing and dining facilities w/o generator backup◦Fire-watch allowed◦No building closure expected

Weniger Building Closure Example

6th floor transformer went down Sunday evening (August 31st), with loss of power to the north half of the building.

Building closed for life safety concerns. SOC set up at entrance.Limited access granted to department

personnel (30 minutes with escort) for necessary work; Animal care groups granted access with communications.

Power restored Wednesday evening (September 3rd).

Weniger Building Closure and SOC response trailer…

Weniger Building Closure and SOC at main entrance…

Not a question of If, but When… How you can help

during the next Power Outage…

In Laboratories: Stop work and close, cover or otherwise contain

and secure the materials you are using. Stop work in fumehoods or biosafety cabinets

as soon as possible and close the sash, even if the hood appears to be working.

Make sure cabinet doors and flammable storage cabinets are secure.

Avoid opening refrigerators or freezers. The internal temperature will be maintained longer if the doors are kept closed.

Not a question of If, but When… How you can help

during the next Power Outage…In Animal Facilities:

Animal care staff working in windowless areas should have access to flashlights at all times.

Surgical facilities should have enough battery powered lights to be able to finish up a surgery without power.

If you have animals housed in ventilated racks, you should know what will happen to the animals if there is no power and be prepared to deal with the situation.

Not a question of If, but When… How you can help during the next

Power Outage…For all Departments:

Make sure flashlights or battery-operated light sources are readily available and that all employees know where they are located.

Departments may consider installing battery-operated emergency lighting in interior offices and labs.

Shut off computer equipment, printers, copy machines and other electronic equipment. There may be power surge when the power is restored that could damage electrical equipment left in the “on” position.

During outside temperature extremes, keep windows closed to maintain indoor temperatures. If the outside temperatures are mild, open outside windows/doors.

What to Expect During a What to Expect During a Fire InspectionFire Inspection

Andy GrayFire and Life Safety Program

Environmental Health & Safety


Inspection ProcessInspection Process Contract with Corvallis Fire Department

Cost; Scope of duties Building inspection frequency Inspection notification process Method of inspection Inspection report (Initial and Reinspection)

Common ViolationsCommon Violations

Hallway storage Shelf restraints Recycling bags Repeat violations Unlabeled containers Non-fuse protected power strips

Fire ExtinguishersFire Extinguishers Approximately 4,500 on main

campus

Located every 50 feet

Stationed in common-use areas

Required Inspections Monthly; Annual; Every 6 years

Other ResourcesOther Resources

Problems with your building’s fire extinguishers?

Fire Drills

Fire Escapes – assessment project

Questions?

Give me a break!

Biohazard Waste Biohazard Waste ManagementManagement

An overview infectious waste rules and effective management practices

Matt Philpott, Biological Safety Officer

Environmental Health and Safety


Purpose: Biohazard Waste Management

Prevention of laboratory-associated infections or illness (LAI):

“all infections acquired through laboratory or laboratory-related activities regardless of whether they are symptomatic or asymptomatic…” Exact number of LAI are unknown, but a number

of deaths have been recorded.


Biohazard Wastes and LAI Epidemiology:

No evidence that treated (i.e., autoclaved) medical wastes have caused disease.

untreated wastes have caused disease Numerous incidents of infectious disease have been linked

to contaminated sharps; after use and before discard or improper discard.

Public concerns during the early years of the HIV epidemic were largely responsible for the existing regulations for medical waste management.


Waste Management and Risk Effective waste management is based on a risk

assessment – an educated estimate of the risk based on agent characteristics, level of resistance and training of the persons involved, and the nature of the activities.

The risk assessment is aided by characterization of agents into risk groups.


Risk Groups (RG)

Risk Group What it Means

RG-1 Agents that are not associated with disease in healthy adult humans; low individual and community risk.

RG-2 Agents that are associated with human disease which is rarely serious and for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are often available and the risk of spread of infection is limited; moderate individual risk and low community risk.

RG-3 Agents that are associated with serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions may be available; high individual risk but low community risk.

RG-4 Agents that are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available; high individual risk and high community risk

Biosafety Levels Based on the risk assessment, the activities are

assigned to a biosafety level. Biosafety levels are a combination of facilities,

safety equipment, and work practices (including waste management).


Biosafety Levels (BSL)

Biosafety Level Used to safely work with:

BSL-1 Agents or hazards not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans; minimal hazard to personnel.

BSL-2 Agents or hazards of moderate potential risk to personnel. May cause disease that can usually be treated. Risk of disease by contact, injection, or ingestion.

BSL-3 Agents or hazards that may cause serious or potentially lethal disease as a result of exposure by inhalation. Treatment may be available.

BSL-4 Agents or hazards that poses a high risk of aerosol-transmitted life-threatening disease. No treatment.

Labs at OSU

Biosafety Level Situation at OSU

BSL-1 Most biology labs on campus are in this category, and pose little risk to personnel.

BSL-2 About 55 labs on campus are BSL-2. Each will have a sign on the door or next to the door indicating it is a BSL-2 laboratory. No inhalation hazard to personnel.

BSL-3 Only one facility at OSU. Personnel must be highly trained to enter these labs. Agents in use pose a risk of airborne transmission.

BSL-4 There are no BSL-4 facilities at OSU.

Precautions to Take

Biosafety Level Practices for Management

BSL-1 Wear gloves when handling equipment and wastes. Most wastes are not autoclaved prior to discard to normal waste streams. Culture wastes autoclaved.

BSL-2 Wear gloves, eye protection, and protective clothing when working in these labs. Follow general laboratory precautions. Wastes are segregated into potentially infectious and non-infectious. Potentially infectious wastes are autoclaved.

BSL-3 Wear gloves, eye protection, full-body protective clothing; respiratory protection may be required. Extensive training and experience are required to work safely. All wastes are autoclaved.

BSL-4 Full-body respirator suits or glove boxes are used at all times. All wastes are autoclaved.

Infectious Waste Regulations Infectious waste is regulated mainly at the

state level, but also at the federal and community (in some locations).

Federal Acts and Regulations: OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act Select Agent Regulations (Bioterrorism Act,

PATRIOT Act) U.S. DOT Hazardous Waste Transportation

RegulationsDepartment - Unit Safety Coordinator

(DUSC) Seminar - 9/10/08

OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen Standard / Needlestick Prevention

Act Requirements Applies to contact with human source

materials (blood, body fluids, tissues, cell lines)

Solid wastes must be collected: into hard sided, leak-proof containers with

biohazard symbol; red or orange. sharps discarded into leak-proof sharps containers,

with biohazard symbol; red or orange. safety-engineered sharps must be used.


Select Agent Regulations All wastes must be secured in

such a way that there is no access by persons who have not passed a Security Risk Assessment.

All wastes are treated by a process that fully sterilizes before discard to the normal waste stream.


Oregon Regulations ORS 459.386 - 459.405

Statute that addresses disposal of infectious wastes. OAR 333-056-0010 through 333-056-0050

Oregon Health Services infectious waste regulations (disposal, storage)

OAR 340-093-0190 Oregon DEQ infectious waste regulations

OAR 740-110-0030 Oregon DOT rules for transportation of infectious wastes


Regulated Wastes in Oregon: “Biological Wastes”

blood and blood products, excretions, exudates, secretions, suctionings and other body fluids

“Cultures and stocks” pathogens and associated biologicals

including specimen cultures; dishes and devices used to transfer, inoculate and mix cultures; wastes from production of biologicals; serums and discarded live and attenuated vaccines.


Regulated Wastes in Oregon: “Pathological waste”

biopsy material and all human tissues, anatomical parts

animal carcasses exposed to pathogens in research and the bedding and other wastes form such animals

“Sharps” needles, IV tubing with needles attached, scalpel

blades, lancets, glass tubes, syringes


Effective Waste Management Segregation

potentially infectious regulated wastes must be separated from other wastes at the point of generation (in the lab, animal room, clinic)

Containment regulated wastes must be collected into leak-proof

containers fitted with covers Hazard Identification

infectious waste containers must be identified with the biohazard warning symbol in red or orange


Examples of poor segregationand containment of wastes.




Proper segregation and containment ofinfectious wastes.

Note hazard identification


http://www.eagle-mfg.com/images/bioowc.jpg

Percutaneous Transmission

Most percutaneous transmissionof disease in a research setting involve the use of sharps.

For this reason, sharps waste management is subject to regulationat both the state and federal levels.


Sharps must be discarded immediately after use, without recapping, into hard-sided, leak-proof containers with hazard warning labels.


Safety Engineered Sharps

Substitute safetyengineered sharpsfor traditional sharps.


These pictures illustrate what can happen with accidentalneedlesticks – these are inoculation with vaccinia virus.


Treatment of Medical Wastes Medical wastes must be treated with methods

that effectively sterilize. In Oregon, treatments must be approved by the

state: steam sterilization (autoclaving) incineration (required for pathological wastes) small number of scientifically validated

commercial processes (see DHS web site)


Incineration Incineration must “provide complete

combustion of waste to carbonized or mineralized ash.”

Required method for disposal of pathological wastes (human tissues, animal carcasses).

Most common method for sharps disposal.


Autoclaving Infectious Waste

Biological wastes, cultures and stocks may be treated by autoclaving prior to disposal.

This method is commonly used at OSU. Pathological wastes cannot be treated by

autoclaving.


Heat Sterilization: autoclaving

Both time and temperature are important components; have inverse relationship:

Autoclaving - steam under pressure kills all forms of microorganisms at 121oC for 25

min. (including endospores) This time is actual exposure to heat of 121oC, not run

time for the autoclave!


About Autoclaving Waste Bags should be closed for

autoclaving, and placed on an elevated surface within a shallow pan.

Deep pans will delay heat transfer.

Plastic pans transfer heat slower than metal pans.

Bagged waste will need more time than most other types of materials in the autoclave.


Validation of Performance In Oregon, autoclaves used to process

infectious waste must be validated monthly. challenge test with endospores of the thermophilic

bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus requires ~ 20-25 min. at 121oC to kill 105 spores are buried in center of bag, autoclaved, then

tested for residual viability


Other autoclave requirements: Autoclaves used to treat infectious waste must

have standard operating procedures posted. Must be capable of monitoring and validating

temperature during each run. chart recorders, heat-sensitive indicators


Discard of Treated Wastes Once infectious wastes have been treated by

autoclaving or other effective method, they can be discarded to the normal waste streams. liquids can be discharged to the sanitary sewer solids (over-bagged) can be discarded to the

landfill


Additional Resources Oregon infectious waste links to statutes and

regulations on infectious wastes:http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/infectiouswaste/index.htm

U.S. EPA medical waste page:http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/

Medical waste publications:http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/publications.htm

CDC / NIH BMBL 5th Edition:http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm


http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/sw/infectiouswaste/index.htm

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/

http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/other/medical/publications.htm

http://www.cdc.gov/od/ohs/biosfty/bmbl5/bmbl5toc.htm

References Rutala, W. A., Stiegel, M. M. and F. A. Sarubbi, Jr.

Decontamination of laboratory microbiological waste by steam sterilization. App. Env. Microbiol. 43: 1311-1316 (1982).

Lauer, J. L., Battles, J. R. and D. Vesley. Decontaminating infectious laboratory wastes by autoclaving. App. Env. Microbiol. 44: 690-694 (1982).

Ozzane, G., Huot, R. and C. Montpetit. Influence of packaging and processing conditions on decontamination of laboratory biomedical wastes by steam sterilization. App. Env. Microbiol. 59: 4335-4337 (1993).


Emergency Eyewash Emergency Eyewash & Shower Testing& Shower Testing

Dan KermoyanDan KermoyanEnvironmental Health & SafetyEnvironmental Health & Safety


2000 eye injuries per day. When personal 2000 eye injuries per day. When personal protective equipment (PPE) fails to prevent protective equipment (PPE) fails to prevent contact with highly irritating or corrosive contact with highly irritating or corrosive chemicals, immediate removal of the chemicals, immediate removal of the contaminant from eyes, face, and skin is contaminant from eyes, face, and skin is needed.needed.


National Institute for Occupational National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)Safety and Health (NIOSH)

Accident StatisticsAccident StatisticsOregon State UniversityOregon State University

(SAIF Corp. data)(SAIF Corp. data)

Year Total Eye Injuries reported

Chemical Related

2008 – Present 2 1

2007 – 2008 8 1

2006 – 2007 7 4

2005 – 2006 13 2

2004 – 2005 9 0

2003 – 2004 6 0

2002 – 2003 8 1

2001 – 2002 14 2

2000 – 2001 9 1


Oregon – OSHA’s Top-25 ViolationsOregon – OSHA’s Top-25 Violations Cited during inspections Cited during inspections

Rank Calendar year Total Violations cited15th 2000 110

17th 2001 129

22nd 2003 75


RequirementsRequirements(When Needed) (When Needed)

OR-OSHA regulation: OAR 437-002-0161 (5)OR-OSHA regulation: OAR 437-002-0161 (5)

Required When …. Required When …. Where employees handle Where employees handle substances that could injure them by getting substances that could injure them by getting into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide into their eyes or onto their bodies, provide them with an eyewash, or shower, or both them with an eyewash, or shower, or both based on the hazard.based on the hazard.


RequirementsRequirements(Where Needed)(Where Needed)

Location -- employees can reach it and begin treatment Location -- employees can reach it and begin treatment in 10 seconds or less; (55 feet). in 10 seconds or less; (55 feet).

““Unobstructed pathway and cannot require the opening Unobstructed pathway and cannot require the opening of doors or passage through obstacles unless other of doors or passage through obstacles unless other employees are always present to help the exposed employees are always present to help the exposed employee”.employee”. If not corrosive, crash-bar OKIf not corrosive, crash-bar OK

Water must flow for at least 15 minutes. Water must flow for at least 15 minutes. Eyewash (0.4 gpm); Shower (20 gpm).Eyewash (0.4 gpm); Shower (20 gpm).


RequirementsRequirements(Construction/Testing)(Construction/Testing)


EyewashEyewash – Stay-open valves for – Stay-open valves for hands-free use. hands-free use. ShowerShower -- Must -- Must not be subject to unauthorized not be subject to unauthorized shut-off.shut-off.

Emergency shower and eyewash Emergency shower and eyewash facilities must be clean, sanitary facilities must be clean, sanitary and operating correctly.and operating correctly.

Follow the system manufacturer’s Follow the system manufacturer’s criteria for water pressure, flow criteria for water pressure, flow rate and testing.rate and testing.

Testing FrequencyTesting Frequency OR-OSHA “manufacturer’s criteria”OR-OSHA “manufacturer’s criteria”

Manufacturers weekly testingManufacturers weekly testing

Manufacturers American National Manufacturers American National Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Standard for Emergency Eyewash and Shower Equipment (ANSI Z358.1-2004)Equipment (ANSI Z358.1-2004)


Water QualityWater Quality Water should be potableWater should be potable

OSHA directive (Yes); ANSI/Manufacturer (No OSHA directive (Yes); ANSI/Manufacturer (No mention)mention)

Acanthamoeba?Acanthamoeba? Run for how long? (OSHA, ANSI, Manufacturer Run for how long? (OSHA, ANSI, Manufacturer

do not state)do not state) DOE study report 1986DOE study report 1986 Water Temperature?Water Temperature?

OSHA directive 60-95OSHA directive 60-9500F; ANSI 60 F; ANSI 60 00F; Manufacturer F; Manufacturer 60-95 60-95 00F; Adverse chemical reaction??F; Adverse chemical reaction??


Provide Unobstructed AccessProvide Unobstructed Access


Eyewash TestEyewash Test


Shower TestShower Test


Document The Test!Document The Test!


Test Units AvailableTest Units Available


Questions?


for attending!


Documents

Department - Unit Safety Coordinator’s (Fall) Seminar