Dependency Theory

• Dependency Theory

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Development theory - Dependency theory

1 Contrary to modernization theory, dependency theory states that not all

societies progress through similar Dual-sector model|stages of

development



1 Dependency theory states that poor nations provide natural resources and cheap Wage labour|labor for

developed nations, without which the developed nations could not have the

standard of living which they enjoy



1 In addition to its structuralist roots, dependency theory has much

overlap with Neo-Marxism and World Systems Theory, which is also

reflected in the work of Immanuel Wallerstein, a famous dependency

theorist


World-systems theory - Dependency theory

1 Second, core states do not exploit poor states—as dependency theory

proposes—because capitalism is organized around an inter-regional and transnational division of labor

rather than an international division of labor


World-systems theory - Dependency theory

1 From a largely Weberian perspective, Fernando Henrique Cardoso described the main tenets of

dependency theory as follows:


Marxist international relations theory - Dependency theory

1 Linked in with Marxist theories is dependency theory which argues that developed countries, in their pursuit of

power, penetrate developing states through political advisors, missionaries, experts and

multi-national corporations (MNCs) to integrate them into the capitalist system in order to appropriate natural resources and foster dependence by developing countries

on developed countries.


Dependency theory

1 'Dependency theory' is the notion that resources flow from a periphery of poor and underdeveloped states to

a core of wealthy states, enriching the latter at the expense of the

former. It is a central contention of dependency theory that poor states

are impoverished and rich ones enriched by the way poor states are

integrated into the world system.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-dependency-theory-toolkit.html

Dependency theory

1 Dependency theory rejected this view, arguing that underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of developed

countries, but have unique features and structuralism|structures of their own; and,

importantly, are in the situation of being the weaker members in a world market

economy.Newschool, [http://homepage.newschool.edu/het/school

s/develop.htm Economic Development], retrieved July 2009.


Dependency theory - History

1 Matias Vernengo, a University of Utah economist, identifies two main streams in dependency theory: the Latin American

Structuralist, typified by the work of Prebisch, Celso Furtado and Anibal Pinto at the United Nations Economic Commission

for Latin America and the Caribbean|United Nations Economic Commission for Latin

America (ECLAC, or, in Spanish, CEPAL); and the American Marxist, developed by Paul A



1 Former Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (in office 1995-

2002) wrote extensively on dependency theory while in political exile during the 1960s, arguing that it was an approach to studying the economic disparities between the

centre and periphery



1 With the economic growth of India and some East Asian economies,

dependency theory has lost some of its former influence. It still influences some NGO campaigns, such as Make

Poverty History and the fair trade movement.


Dependency theory - Other dependency theorists

1 Two other early writers relevant to dependency theory were François Perroux and

Kurt Rothschild


Dependency theory - Other dependency theorists

1 Sociologist Fernando Henrique Cardoso (later President of Brazil)

summarized his version of dependency theory as follows:


Neocolonialism - Dependency theory

1 Proponents of Dependency Theory, such as Venezuelan historian

Federico Brito Figueroa, who has investigated the socio-economic

bases of neo-colonial dependency, have influenced the thinking of the

former President of Venezuela, Hugo Chávez.


Anthropology of development - Dependency theory

1 Dependency theory rejected Rostow's view, arguing that

underdeveloped countries are not merely primitive versions of

developed countries, but have unique features and structuralism|

structures of their own; and, importantly, are in the situation of

being the weaker members in a world market economy and hence

unable to change the systemhttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-dependency-theory-toolkit.html

Anthropology of development - Dependency theory

1 Immanuel Wallerstein's world-systems theory was the version of Dependency theory that

most North American anthropologists engaged with. His theories are similar to

Dependency theory, although he placed more emphasis on the system as system, and focused on the developments of the core

rather than periphery. Wallerstein also provided an historical account of the

development of capitalism which had been missing from Dependency theory.


Political economy in anthropology - World-systems theory Dependency theory

1 Both versions of Dependency Theory were critiqued throughout the 1970s for the static historical accounts they provided. Their influence was slowly

replaced by more dynamic and historically sensitive versions, such as Eric Wolf's Europe and the People

Without History.


Capital mobility - Dependency theory

1 Free trade has been accused of being a disguised form of colonialism or

imperialism, particularly by proponents of economic nationalism and the school of mercantilism. In

the 19th century these largely took the form of attacks on British calls for free trade, seeing these as expansion

of the British Empire. Since the 1950s these attacks fall under the

rubric of dependency theory.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-dependency-theory-toolkit.html

Raúl Prebisch - Dependency theory

1 During the 1960s, economists at United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the

Caribbean|ECLA developed an extension of Prebisch's thoughts on structuralism into dependency theory, in which economic

development of the periphery is seen as a nearly impossible task. While dependency

theory was the polar opposite of Prebisch and the ECLAC's original purpose, he continued to

criticize the Economic growth|neo-classical economic forces that he felt were victimizing

the global poor.


Uses and gratifications theory - Media system dependency theory

1 However, media dependency theory focuses on audiences' goals for

media consumption as the source of their dependency; while uses and

gratification theory focuses on audience's needs as drivers for

media consumption


Media systems dependency theory

1 'Media system dependency theory' ('MSD'), or simply 'media

dependency', was developed by Sandra Ball-Rokeach and Melvin

Defleur in 1976


Media systems dependency theory - Two basic conditions for heightened media needs

1 Media dependency theory states two specific conditions under which

people's media needs, and consequently people's dependency

on media and the potential for media effects, are heightened.


Media systems dependency theory - Criticisms

1 Baran and Davis identify four primary

criticisms of dependency theory:


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Dependency Theory