Deployable Wireless Sensor Networks for Surveillance

Gurminder SinghNPS/CS

Center for the Study of Mobile Devices and Communications

International Maritime Protection Symp. 200512/13/05

WSNs – Extreme Computing

• WSNs consist of a large number of • small, • low-powered and • multi-function sensors nodes that are

– able to • sense, • process and • communicate through collaborative efforts.

Desired Characteristics

• Low cost• Ease of installation• Self-identification• Self-diagnostics• Reliability• Time awareness for co-ordination with other

nodes• Signal processing and • Standard control protocol and network interfaces

WSN for Surveillance

802.15.4/ZigBee

802.11b AdhocUAV 802.11Iridium

Airborne Network

Sensor Network 802.15.4/Zigbee

Capability DiscoveryResource Aggregation

Adhoc 802.11b

SmartRock

GPS EnabledTactiComp

Airborne Network

Deployment Challenges

• Wireless

• Sensor

• Network

• And, the whole deal…

Deployment Challenges - Wireless

• Transmission Medium– Vegetation vs desert– High vs low humidity etc

• Coverage– What is the range of the mote?– Break vs Re-associate distance

• Connectivity– How stable is the connection?– How is it affected by the change in battery voltage?

• Power consumption– How much power does the radio use?– What happens when the voltage drops?

Battery Voltage vs. Break & Re-associate Distance – Near Free Space

Break and Reassociate Distance vs Battery Voltage

0

50

100

150

200

250

3 2.9 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4

Battery Voltage

Dis

tan

ce

Detailed Study of Mote Behavior

• RF Characteristics of Mica-Z Wireless Sensor Network Motes – Swee Jin Koh, MS Thesis/EE, Dec 2005

Deployment Challenges - Sensor

• What kind of sensor modality should be used? – PIR, acoustic, magnetic, seismic…

• What is the range of the sensor?

• How reliable is the sensor?

• What is the resolution of the sensor?

• How much power does the sensor use?

• What is the cost of the sensor?

Detailed Study of Sensor Behavior

• PIR and Magnetometer Sensor Behavior– Mike Chesnut / C4I, Jun 2006 (expected)

Deployment Challenges - Network

• How scalable is the network?

• How fault tolerant is the network?

• How is the network affected by node failure?

• What is the network latency?

• What is the packet loss behavior?

Detailed Study of Sensor Network Behavior

• Evaluation of the XMesh Routing Protocol in WSNs– Amos Teo, MS/EE, Dec 2005

Deployment Challenges – The Whole Deal…

• How do we deploy the network?

• How do we manage the network?

• What are the data aggregation/fusion and analysis issues?

• What do you do when you detect an interesting event?

WSN Configuration

• Configuration and Management of WSNs, – Min Young Kim/CS, Dec 2005

Current Status

• Started late-2004

• Implemented and integrated in TNT SA System

• Field tested in TNT 2005

• Supported by MARCORSYSCOM and TNT/CDTEMS

What’s Next?

• Continue testing in TNT/NPS Field Experiments (Netzer and Bordetsky IS/NPS)

• Tests in the Straits of Malaca, Thailand and/or Singapore (Ehlert, Steckler, IS/NPS)

• Integration with UAVs (Ravi V., SEA/NPS)– Steve Schall, MS / CS, Jun 2006 (expected)

• Integration with detection of anomalous behavior (Rowe CS/NPS and Faculty at UArizona)

• Irvine (WSN Security)• Sankar (WSN & Medical stuff)

Thank You

Gurminder Singh

CS/NPS

gsingh@nps.edu