Depression in Children vs Adults

DEPRESSION in

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WHAT IS DEPRESSION?

A common problem in children or adults

Many changes we face as we grow up can lead to depression

The symptoms affect every aspect of our life:

• energy

• appetite

• sleep

• interest in study/ work

• hobbies

• relationship

May not look same in a child as in adult

There are many steps that can be taken to overcome the symptoms,

no matter our ages and the challenges we face


Children Adult

Percentage 6.5% 16.0%

Gender Boy Girl Men Women

Equal rates during

childhood

Girls entering puberty are

twice as likely than boys

5.33% 10.67%

Major

causes

Family history Unemployed Childbearing

Tendency to

commit

suicide

5.75% 1.15% 45.0% 15.0%

Ref: http://www.bayridgetreatmentcenter.com/facts_statistics.html


http://www.bayridgetreatmentcenter.com/facts_statistics.html

SYMPTOMS / EFFECTS

Children Adults

CAUSES

Similarities Differences

Adults

TREATMENT

Children


1. Feeling sad

2. Crying spells

3. Major change in eating routine

4. Major change in sleep pattern

5. Constant tiredness

6. Loss of interest in usual activities

7. Increased irritability

8. Poor concentration

9. Low self-esteem,

feeling of worthlessness

10. Poor communication

among friends and family

11. Social withdrawal

12. Frequent school absences or poor performance

13. Talk of or attempts to run away from home

14. Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior

SYMPTOMS/EFFECTSC

HIL

DR

EN


1. Feeling sad

2. Crying spells

3. Major change in eating routine

4. Major change in sleep pattern


6. Lead to some medical problems

such as heart diseases




10. Low self-esteem,

feeling of worthlessness

11. Poor communication

among friends and family

12. Social withdrawal

13. Frequent work absences or

poor performance

14. Increased use of alcohol and other drugs

15. Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior

AD

ULT

Skurakuramedic.blogspot

Ref: http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2007_10highlights.pdf


http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat2007_10highlights.pdf

SIMILARITIES

1. Feeling sad

2. Crying spells

3. A major change in eating routine

4. A major change in sleep pattern





9. Low self-esteem, feeling of worthlessness

10.Poor communication among friends and family

11.Social withdrawal

12.Frequent school/work absences or poor performance

13.Thoughts or expressions of suicide or self-inflicted behavior

DIFFERENCES

Children Adults

• Talk of or attempts to run away

from home

• Increased use of alcohol or other

drugs

• Lead to some medical problems


CAUSES

1. GENETIC FACTOR

Depression can occur in

generation after generation

in a particular family

SIM

ILA

RIT

IES

2. PERSONALITY

Depression is more likely to

occur in in people who have:

I. low self-esteem

II. negative attitudes

III. overall pessimistic

view of life


3. CHEMICAL IMBALANCE

Associated with neurotransmitter like serotonin and

dopamine

* neurotransmitter play a large role in how our body

produce, absorb and release neurochemicals,

minerals and amino acids

4. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSESS

I. death of parents

II. failing in class or job

III. first day at a new place

IV. accepting a leadership role

V. abusive home


Adult Children

Depression is more likely to occur

in adult who develop:

• Heart disease

• Stroke

• Diabetes

• Cancer

• Parkinson’s disease

• Alzheimer’s disease

Depression is more likely to occur

in children who have:

• Mental illness

• Physical abuse

1. MEDICAL CONDITIONSD

IFF

ER

EN

CE

S

2. MEDICATIONS Adult often take a few medications that

lead to depression - make an existing depression worse.

Examples:• Certain blood pressure medications

• Sleeping pills

• Antibiotics

• Birth control pills

• Antiseizure medications:

- lamictal, topiramate, gabapentin


(1) Therapies Implementation

(3) Ongoing Care

TREATMENT

(2) Drug Prescription


PsychotherapyInvolves playing and talking

CH

ILD

RE

N Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Identifying and correcting negative thought patterns

or misinterpretations

Eg: negative view of

the self,

the world

and the future

Group TherapyDevelop social skills that can lead

to a greater sense of knowledge

and self esteem

Eg: easier to express feelings in a

supportive group environment

Family TherapyAddress the problem that may deteriorate

depression in children:

Eg: lack of parental boundaries

severe marital conflict

strict or harsh rules

neglectful or overly involved

parent-child relationship

Therapies Implementation

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kuramed

ic.blogspo

t

PsychotherapyInvolves talking to figure out problems

AD

ULT

S Complementary TherapyEg: lifestyle changes

meditation, biofeedback and other

relaxation therapies

hypnosis

physical therapies

environmental therapies

spiritual or faith-based activities

interaction with other people and animals

limiting alcohol intake and refraining from

using illicit drugs

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)ECT or shock therapy is safe and effective

Eg: alternative for people with severe

clinical depression

people who cannot safely take

antidepressant medication

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Selective Serotonin Reuptake

Inhibitors (SSRIs)Eg: Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Escitalopramoxalate

(Lexapro)

CH

ILD

RE

N

Atypical

AntidepressantsEg: Bupropion(Wellbutrin)

Monoamine Oxidase

Inhibitors (MAOIs)Eg: Phenelzine (Nardil)

Tricyclic

AntidepressantsEg: Amitriptyline (Elavil)

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Drug Prescription

Selective Serotonin

Reuptake

Inhibitors (SSRIs)Eg: Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Sertraline (Zoloft)

AD

ULT

S

Atypical

AntidepressantsEg: Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Monoamine Oxidase

Inhibitors (MAOIs)Eg: Doxepine (Adapin)

Tricyclic

AntidepressantsEg: Amitriptyline (Elavil)

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kuramed

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Children Adult

Selective serotonin reuptake

inhibitors (SSRIs)

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Escitalopramoxalate

Atypical antidepressants

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

(MAOIs)

Phenelzine (Nardil)

Tricyclic antidepressants

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

Selective serotonin reuptake

inhibitors (SSRIs)

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

Escitalopramoxalate

Atypical antidepressants

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors

(MAOIs)

Doxepin (Adapin)

Tricyclic antidepressants

Amitriptyline (Elavil)


Children Adult

Education

Child and family members involved informally

in family therapy

Knowing how to make sure a child is

following a treatment plan

- taking medicine correctly

- going to counseling appointments

Learning ways to reduce stress

Knowing the signs of a relapse and what

to do to prevent depression from recurring

Knowing the signs of suicidal behavior,

how to evaluate their seriousness, and

how to respond

Learning how to identify signs of a manic

episode

Parents and children with depression

must seek treatment

Self-care at home

Try to identify and focus on activities that

make the patient feel better

Talk with friends and family and consider

joining a support group

Try to maintain a positive outlook

Regular exercise and proper diet are

essential to good health

Try to get enough rest and maintain a

regular sleeping pattern

Avoid drinking alcohol or using any illicit

substances

Ongoing Care


WRAP-UP

• The biggest misconception: many people believe children cannot become

depressed

• It can happen to anyone, at any age, no matter our background, or our precious

accomplishment in life

• Lack of awareness about this → often go undiagnosed

• The symptoms of depression in both adults and children are basically the same,

• Depression can be treated, and with the right support, treatment, and self- help

strategies → feel better and live a happy life

2/3 will recover within days or weeks

25% will continue to exhibit mild to severe symptoms for months or years

10% will have continuous or intermittent symptoms for two or more years


IT IS NEVER TO LATE TO MAKE POSITIVE

CHANGES AND Experiences A

HAPPY LIFE


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Depression in Children vs Adults