Deprivation, Poverty and Public Health

Lucy Macleod, Interim Director of Public Health

2www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Life expectancy in rich countries is no longer related to National Income per head

3

70

71

72

73

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

Local Neighbourhoods(in England & Wales)

Life

exp

ecta

ncy

(yea

rs)

Richest Poorest

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level www.equalitytrust.org.uk

Life expectancy is strongly related to income within rich countries

4

3.7 3.9 4.3 4.6 4.8 5.2 5.3 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.26.7 6.8 6.8 7.2

8.5

9.7

4.0

8.07.0

3.4

Income gapsHow many times richer are the richest fifth than the poorest fifth?

Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level www.equalitytrust.org.uk

Inequality...How much richer are the richest 20% in each country than the poorest 20%?

5www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Neither health nor social problems are related to national income per head

Index of: • Life expectancy• Math & Literacy

• Infant mortality• Homicides• Imprisonment• Teenage births • Trust• Obesity• Mental illness

– incl. drug & alcohol addiction

• Social mobility

Index of health and social problems

6Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Index of: • Life expectancy• Math & Literacy

• Infant mortality• Homicides• Imprisonment• Teenage births • Trust• Obesity• Mental illness

– incl. drug & alcohol addiction

• Social mobility

www.equalitytrust.org.uk

Health and social problems are worse in more unequal countries

Index of health and social problems

7www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

The UNICEF Index of Child Wellbeing is not related to National Income per head

8www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Child well-being is better in more equal countries

9www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Mental illness is more common in more unequal societies

10www.equalitytrust.org.ukWilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level

Imprisonment rates are higher in more unequal countries

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Impacts of Poverty• Restriction of choice• Disempowerment• Dignity and self respect• Marginalisation• Stigma• Biological

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Outcomes of Poverty• Poorer general health• Poorer mental health• Earlier disability• Earlier death• Health and wellbeing burden to

individuals and families• Treatment and cost burden to society

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Norfolk at Present• About 11% of the population are in the most deprived

group in England

• Child poverty significantly higher than the national average for Norwich and Great Yarmouth.

• Great Yarmouth has the highest inequality in child poverty across Norfolk and Waveney (6.5% - 49%)

• Over a quarter of households in North Norfolk are estimated to be fuel poor.

• Fuel poverty ranges from over 40% of households for an area in West Norfolk to about 10% for an area in Broadland.

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Long Term Unemployment in Norfolk

 

Long Term Unemployment December 2010 Dec 2011

Local Worst

Local Best

Breckland 10.6 1.5 Broadland 245 3.5 7.4 5.4 1.6 Great Yarmouth 655 11.7 7.4 35.0 2.7 King's Lynn and West Norfolk 490 6.2 7.4 16.4 1.4 North Norfolk 265 5.1 7.4 8.3 2.7 Norwich 995 10.0 7.4 17.9 2.5 South Norfolk 250 3.6 7.4 6.4 0.9 Waveney 470 7.2 7.4 25.3 2.0 Norfolk 3,270 6.5 7.4 35.0 0.9

England Average 7.4          Claimant count (rounded to the nearest 5) for Jobseekers Allowance, working age claiming for more than 12 months, crude rate per 1000 resident working age population. Working age is defined as females aged 16 to 59 and males aged 16 to 64. Source: NOMIS

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Male Disability Free Life Expectancy in

NorfolkMale Disability Free Life Expectancy at Birth 1999 to 2003

Local Worst Norfolk and Waveney Range

Local Best

Breckland 59.1 65.9Broadland 62.8 68.0Great Yarmouth 50.2 64.5King's Lynn and West Norfolk

52.7 66.6

North Norfolk 59.5 66.5Norwich 53.6 67.1South Norfolk 64.1 68.0Waveney 54.9 65.4Norfolk 50.2 68.0

 England Av 61.7      

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Other MeasuresMeasure Norfolk Best Norfolk Worst England

AverageMale Life Expectancy #

83.7 71.3 78.6

Female Life Expectancy #

90.4 77.5 82.6

Male Deaths under 75 *

151.5 695.4 345.5

Female Deaths under 75*

97.8 428.1 219.5

• * 2008-10 DSR• # 2008-10

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Mitigation• Equitable Provision• Better access to support• Coping strategies – reaffirmation of

humanity, empowerment, control• Improved default • Measuring, monitoring, engaging,

advocacy