Desarrollo del turismo místico-religioso en Lima: "Iglesia Nuestra Señora de la Soledad" 2015

7/23/2019 Desarrollo del turismo mstico-religioso en Lima: "Iglesia Nuestra Seora de la Soledad" 2015

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ROJ\BYVJCKC JOFK GKYFJDKV@ CB DK \BGK

LKFRDSKC CB FJBOFJKV CB DK F@NROJFKFJO, SRYJVN@ Z

A@SBDBYK

Fkrrbrk cb Surjsn` A`!b"br#k

JOL@YNB CB JO\BVSJGKFJ@O

CBVKYY@DD@ CBD SRYJVN@ NVSJF@$YBDJG@V@ BO DJNK %JGDBVJK

ORBVSYK VB&@YK CB DK V@DBCKC' ()*+

Urbsbotkc` bo funpdjnjbot` pkrfjkd cb

dk ksjgokturk cb Nbt`c`d`gk cb dk jovbstjgkfjo fjbotljfk

Ku!`r

K"un`- Ck!b Gjknkr.` K"b/`s \kr5ks

;r`9bs`r

Dj.6 Y`nbb K5ujrrb 3kn2rk`

Djnk, k5`s!` cb ()*+

Ugjok | ;


2/47

JOCJFB

JOSY@CRFFJ@O


3/47

JOSY@CRFFJ@O

Bd prbsbotb trkikh` cb jovbstjgkfjo jotbotk kokdjzkr

kdguoks cb dks rkzòbs p`r dk fukd bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn`nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo dk fjuckc cb Djnk pkrbfb akibr cjsnjoujc`

bo rbdkfjo k `tr`s k`s, kcbns cb akfbr uo kodjsjs sìrb dk

pbrfbpfjo kftukd cb d`s pìdkc`rbs bo rbdkfjo kd turjsn`

rbdjgj`s`.

Kd jojfj` sb ki`rcko tbnks gbobrkdbs rbspbft` kd turjsn`

k sus n`ckdjckcbs kdtbroktjvks kcbns cb d`s kotbfbcbotbs

ajstrjf`s cbd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` bo bd nuoc`.

!`stbrj`rnbotb, pkrk funpdjr fò d`s ìhbtjv`s

pr`pubst`s sb ak rbkdjzkc` uok bofubstk k dks pbrsòks "ub

#rbfubotko dk $%gdbsjk cb &ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckc(,

uijfkck bo hjro Kofksa, kcbns cb botrbvjstkr kd skfrjsto cb

dk jgdbsjk pkrk p`cbr kaòckr bo bd tbnk cb bspjrjtukdjckc, bd

fukd bs uo` cb d`s jocjfkc`rbs ns #rbfubotbs pkrk dk

n`tjvkfjo cbd p`tbofjkd turjstk.

!krk #jokdjzkr, bo bd prbsbotb trkikh` sb jofdubo dks

fòfdusjòbs puotukdbs k dks "ub sb ako ddbgkc` dubg` cb dk

jovbstjgkfjo.

Ugjok | 6


4/47

FKUJSRD@ J. UDKOSBKNJBOS@ NBS@C@D@GJF@

;.;. Udkotbknjbot` cbd prìdbnk;.;.;. Cbsfrjpfjo cbd prìdbnk

Urb!"otks Ybsp"bstks # ckt`s

)uj*o+ "uj*obs sò

k#bftkc`s

D`s turjstks, pìdkc`rbs

d`fkdbs.ud bs bd prìdbnk

bspbf#jf`

/bsfò`fjnjbot` cbd pr`cuft`

turstjf` nstjf`./ocb fn` furrb Bo Djnk b5jstbo fkotjckc cb

dugkrbs, ajst`rjks, ko*fc`tks,

"ub sò pkrtb cb oubstr`

#`dfd`r pbr` "ub pubcbo sbr

cbsfò`fjcks pkrk p`tbofjkdbsturjstks.ò "u* #rbfubofjk `furrb ;k`r pkrtb cbd tjbnp` pubst`

"ub bd turjstk cbsfò`fb ` o`

sb db jo#`rnk sìrb bstk

n`ckdjckc cb turjsn`.ud bs dk nkgojtuc cbd

jnpkft` 9k trkv*s cbd

tjbnp`6

'b cbskpr`vbfak uok #ubotb

jnp`rtkotb cb ktrkftjv`s

turstjf`s "ub pubcbo sbr

#fjdnbotb b5pd`tkc`s fò uok

iubok pdkoj#jfkfjo.

;.;.$. @i%btj&`s

Bd ìhbtjv` gbobrkd cb dk prbsbotb jovbstjgkfjo bs

kokdjzkr fudbs sò dks fkusks "ub o` pbrnjtbo bd cbskrr`dd`

cbd turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

3ihbtjv` bspbf#jf` 2< cbtbrnjokr sj dk #kdtk cb

jo#rkbstrufturk turstjfk o` pbrnjtb bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn`

nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

3ihbtjv` bspbf#jf` 7< jcbotj#jfkr sj bd cbsjotbr*s cb dk

gbotb p`r oubstr` pktrjnòj` o` pbrnjtb bd cbskrr`dd` cbd

turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

3ihbtjv` bspbf#jf` 1< b5knjokr sj bd bsfbptjfjsn` cb dks

pbrsòks o` pbrnjtb bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` nstjf`-

rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

;.;.'. ("stj)jfkfjo

Ugjok | 3


5/47

Dk b5pkosjo fòstkotb cb dks `pfjòbs cb `#brtk

turstjfk bo bd nuoc` ak cbhkc` jofòtkidb fkotjckc cb

`p`rtuojckcbs cb cbskrr`dd` pkrk bd turjsn` bo bd !br:, uok cb

dks tkotks `pfjòbs cb turjsn` kdtbroktjv` bs prbfjsknbotb bd

turjsn` rbdjgj`s`, bd fukd bo bd !br: k:o o` tbrnjok cb

kdfkozkr t`c` su p`tbofjkd.

Bo bd !br: b5jstbo ounbr`s`s ktrkftjv`s turstjf`s

rbdjgj`s`s , 'j s`d` t`nkn`s Djnk f`n` rb#brbofjk p`cbn`s

bofòtrkr uok cjvbrsk vkrjbckc cb jgdbsjks #bstjvjckcbs "ub

bovubdvbo ajst`rjks :ojfks cb oubstrk pkskc` ,sjo bnikrg` bstb

dbgkc` pkrbfb jrsb pbrcjboc` bo bd tjbnp` cbijc` kd p`f`jotbr*s "ub nubstrko dks pbrsòks p`r prbsbrvkrd`.

!`r d` tkot`, fò d`s rbsudtkc`s cb dk prbsbotb

jovbstjgkfjo sb bspbrk kdfkozkr fò`fjnjbot`s bnprjf`s "ub

pbrnjtko bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` bo dk fjuckc cb

Djnk, o` s`d` f`n` nbcj` pkrk bd cbskrr`dd` bfònjf` sjo`

tknij*o f`n` pr`n`t`r cb prbsbrvkr pkrtb cb oubstr` dbgkc`.

;.$. BD sjstbnk cb *jptbsjs;.$.;. *jptbsjs prjofjpkd

B5jstbo fkusks "ub o` pbrnjtbo bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn`

nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

;.$.$. *jptbsjs sbf"ockrjks

- Dk #kdtk cb jo#rkbstrufturk turstjfk o` pbrnjtb bdcbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

- Bd cbsjotbr*s cb dk gbotb p`r oubstr` pktrjnòj` o`

pbrnjtb bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo

Djnk- Bd bsfbptjfjsn` cb dks pbrsòks o` pbrnjtb bd cbskrr`dd`

cbd turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk.

;.$.'. +krjkidbs b Jocjfkc`rbs

8krjkidb 2< /bskrr`dd` =urstjf`

Ugjok | 2


6/47

%ocjfkc`rbs6 d` cb#job f`n` cbspdkzknjbot`s bo bd

tjbnp` djirb "ub gbobrko #bonbo`s s`fj`bfònjf`s, p`dtjf`s,

fudturkdbs hurcjf`s, fò#`rnkc`s p`r bd fòhuot` cb

kftjvjckcbs, ijbobs sbrvjfj`s "ub sb pdkobko, cbskrr`ddko,

`pbrko sb `#rbfbo k dk s`fjbckc, fò #jobs cb fòsun`, bo

dugkrbs #ubrk cb su rbsjcbofjk akijtukd bo #uofjo cb

rbfrbkfjo, skduc, cbsfkos`, #knjdjk, obg`fj`s, cbp`rtbs

fudturk.

$.$.; N`ckdjckcbs kdtbroktj&ks cb t"rjsn`

Fok cb dks fkrkftbrstjfks ns jnp`rtkotb cbd turjsn` bo

d`s :dtjn`s k`s bs dk fòstkotb b5pkosjo bo fukot` k dks

`pfjòbs cb dk `#brtk turstjfk, bst` cbijc` k dks vkrjkfjòbs

bo d`s gust`s cb dks pbrsòks, "ub rbprbsbotko dk cbnkock

turstjfk. !`r `tr` dkc`, dk kdtk #rbfubofjk cb vjsjtkotbs bo

d`s cbstjo`s ns rbfò`fjc`s, rbprbsbotk uo prìdbnk cbskturkfjo cb d`s prjofjpkdbs ktrkftjv`s turstjf`s.

'bg:o 4dkof` 4bokks 9200R6, dk frjsjs cbd turjsn`

trkcjfjòkd ak jc` ckoc` pks` kd #bonbo` cbd fòsun` nksjv`

cb $okturkdbzk(, fudturk rbdjgj`sjckc, bo sus #`rnks

rbfrbktjvk turstjfk. Bd kg`tknjbot` cb d`s cbstjo`s cb s`d

pdkk sb vk nkoj#bstkoc` bo d`s :dtjn`s k`s sb ksjstb k

uo rbcbsfuirjnjbot` turstjf` cb fjuckcbs ajstrjfks ` cb

`tr`s tbrrjt`rj`s "ub kp`rtko oubv`s vkd`rbs.

Dks pbrsòks bsto k dk i:s"ubck cb oubvks rkrbzks `

sjogudkrjckcbs pkrk b5pbrjnbotkr oubvks vjvbofjks

b5pbrjbofjks vjsjtkoc` dugkrbs cbsfò`fjc`s, b#bftukoc`

kftjvjckcbs kd kjrb djirb bo bspkfj`s okturkdbs. Bo bstb

fòtb5t` surgbo oubvks #`rnks ` nkobrks cbd "ubakfbr

Ugjok | ;;


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turstjf`, cbo`njokcks ` fò`fjcks ikh` bd o`nirb cb turjsn`

kdtbroktjv`, fòsjcbrkc` f`n` uo n`cbd`. 98brk, 200A6

Dk utjdjzkfjo cb d`s bspkfj`s cb jotbrj`r dk

rbfòvbrsjo cbd bspkfj`-pktrjnòj` kr"ujtbftojf` uijfkc` bo

zòks rurkdbs pkrk us`s turstjf`s vjbob kf`npkkc` cb dk

rbvkd`rjzkfjo cb kspbft`s f`n` dk kutbotjfjckc, dk jcbotjckc

fudturkd cb d`s dugkrbs, dk rbvkd`rjzkfjo cb dks rkfbs uok

fòfjbofjkfjo nbcj`knijbotkd cb dks s`fjbckcbs urikoks

9o`vbs bt kd., 7??E6.

$.$.$ Fòfbpt"kdj9kfjo cbd t"rjsn` n6stjf`3rbdj!j`s`

Dk fòfbptukdjzkfjo cbd t*rnjo` \turjsn` rbdjgj`s`W

fòtjbob uok fjbrtk f`npdbhjckc. 'b trktk cb uo fòfbpt`,

#`rnkc` p`r c`s botjckcbs, turjsn` rbdjgjo, "ub tjbobo

vkd`r bo s njsnks "ub cko dugkr k uok oubvk rbkdjckc `

botjckc "ub f`npkrtb dks fkrkftbrstjfks ` d`s bdbnbot`s cb

kniks botjckcbs 9!krbddkck, 7??06.

'ajocb 97?2?6 cb#job bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` f`n` uo t*rnjo`

nu utjdjzkc` bo dk tb`rk dk prftjfk pkrk akfbr rb#brbofjk

k d`s pktròbs cb vjkhb fòtbnp`rob` k dugkrbs cb

pbrbgrjokfjo.

'bg:o 'brkddògk MkSìko 97?226 Bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s`

bs uo t*rnjo` cb rbfjbotb frbkfjo cb#job, gbobrkdnbotb, dks

kftjvjckcbs turstjfks vjofudkcks k dks prftjfks rbdjgj`sks

bo dugkrbs cbtbrnjokc`s fò uo sjgoj#jfkc` rbdjgj`s`. 'jo

bnikrg`, dk cb#jojfjo cb bstb fòfbpt` ddbvk fjbrtks

cj#jfudtkcbs, pubst` "ub k dk a`rk cb jotbotkr uok

fòfbptukdjzkfjo, surgbo prbguotks vjofudkcks k d`s n`tjv`s

cbd vjkhb, kd f`np`rtknjbot` cb d`s vjsjtkotbs, bo

fòsbfubofjk, k cjstjotks tjp`d`gks, b5pbftktjvks

b5pbrjbofjks.

Ugjok | ;9


13/47

akspùd Duovbo 920016 bstkidbfbo fuktr` pbrspbftjvks

cb turjsn` rbdjgj`s` bo #uofjo cb dk cbnkock? - A? , sò frjstjko`s. 'd` bo

Bur`pk, kdrbcbc`r cb 1? njddòbs cb frjstjko`s, sìrb t`c`

fktdjf`s, cbcjfko sus vkfkfjòbs 9` uok pkrtb cb bddks6 k

rbkdjzkr uok pbrbgrjokfjo. D`s fbotr`s cb fudt` rbdjgj`s` ns

grkocbs bo bd nuoc` frjstjko` ktrkbo kdrbcbc`r cb 7E njddòbs

cb pbrbgrjo`s 9bd 2E cb d`s #jbdbs njgrkt`rj`s cb bstk

rbdjgjo6. K bst`s fbotr`s pbrtbobfbo C`nk fò bd 8ktjfko`

9kpr`5jnkcknbotb njddòbs6, Dùrcbs bo Nrkofjk 9> njddòbs6,

Ntjnk bo !`rtugkd 9R njddòbs6 ukckdupb bo ;*5jf` 97

njddòbs6. Botrb d`s skotukrj`s frjstjko`s, uo pkpbd

jnp`rtkotb d` cbsbnpbko d`s skotukrj`s nkrjko`s. Dk nk`rk

cb d`s dugkrbs cb pbrbgrjokfjo cbd frjstjkojsn` bst

rbdkfjòkck fò bd fudt` k dk 8jrgbo 9kdrbcbc`r cbd ?6.

Bstks bstjnkfjòbs sb iksko bo bd o:nbr` t`tkd cb vjsjtkotbs k

bst`s fbotr`s skgrkc`sZ fòtoc`sb botrb bdd`s tkot` d`s

pbrbgrjo`s f`n` d`s turjstks. K pbskr cb bdd`, sbg:o dk

k#jrnkfjo cb 'akrpdb 'uockrkn 97??E6, bo dk nk`rk cb d`s

skotukrj`s cb Bur`pk `ffjcbotkd, bd o:nbr` cb turjstks

rbdjgj`s`s k nbouc` supbrk kd cb d`s pbrbgrjo`s.

Ugjok | ;3


15/47

D`s vjkhbs fò uok n`tjvkfjo rbdjgj`sk sò tko kotjgu`s

f`n` dk pr`pjk aunkojckc, pbr` dk #kfjdjckc pkrk kffbcbr k

trkosp`rtbs ksb"ujidbs dk nudtjpdjfkfjo cb uok a`stbdbrk

`rgkojzkck, cbskrr`ddkcks k d` dkrg` cbd sjgd` pkskc`, ako

pbrnjtjc` jofrbnbotkr sustkofjkdnbotb bd o:nbr` cb pbrsòks

"ub sb cbspdkzko p`r rkzòbs rbdjgj`sks. D`s ckt`s cb 7??A

jocjfko "ub, bo t`c` bd nuoc`, sb fkdfudk "ub sò uo`s 2E?

njddòbs d`s pbrbgrjo`s "ub vjkhko k dugkrbs rbdkfjòkc`s fò

dk trkcjfjo frjstjkok 9brnkjo, 7??A6, njbotrks "ub bd

fòhuot` cb t`cks dks rbdjgjòbs nubvb uo t`tkd cb 1??

njddòbs cb pbrsòks 93B=, 7??6. !`r bstb n`tjv`, dk 3;=

93rgkojzkfjo ;uocjkd cb =urjsn`6 `t`rgk k bstb tjp` cb

turjsn` uok ktbofjo bspbfjkd fò dk pubstk bo nkrfak cb dk

$ò#brbofjk %otbrokfjòkd cb =urjsn`, Cbdjgjòbs /jd`g`

botrb udturks(.

Bo Bspkk d`s cbstjo`s cb pbrbgrjokfjo kf`gbo kdrbcbc`r

cb 2A njddòbs cb vjsjtkotbs kd k`, bofkibzkc`s p`r bd ns

#kn`s` fbotr` cb turjsn` rbdjgj`s` cbd pks, dk 4ksdjfk cb

'kotjkg` cb `np`stbdk, fò uok nbcjk cb ns cb R,E njddòbs

cb vjsjtkotbs koukdbs "ub cb uok u `trk #`rnk rbf`rrbo bd

fòs`djckc` jtjobrkrj` cbd knjo` cb 'kotjkg`. Bst`s cbstjo`s

sb bofubotrko #ubrtbnbotb djgkc`s k dk fudturk k dk ajst`rjk

frjstjkok cbd pks, ktrkbo tkot` k pbrbgrjo`s f`n` k

vjsjtkotbs jotbrbskc`s p`r bd sni`d` cb jcbotjckc "ub

rbprbsbotko, su vkd`r fudturkd, dk b5pbrjbofjk bspjrjtukd

"ub pubcbo kp`rtkr. 9Krrbguj, 7?2?6

$.$. Ubrfbpfjo cbd t"rjsn` rbdj!j`s`

Dks prftjfks fbdbirkfjòbs rbdjgj`sks "ub sb

nkoj#jbstko bo d`s dugkrbs skgrkc`s ktrkbo tkot` k d`s #jbdbs

f`n` k d`s turjstks fu`s n`tjv`s cb vjsjtk pubcbo sbr tkot`

rbdjgj`s`s f`n` dkjf`s. !krk d`s pbrbgrjo`s, dks prftjfks

rbdjgj`sks #`rnko pkrtb jnp`rtkotb cb t`c` bd fknjo` sìrb

Ugjok | ;2


16/47

t`c` bo dk nbtk #jokd -bd skotukrj`. Dks `rkfjòbs rjtukdbs

sò bdbnbot`s jnprbsfjocjidbs cb dk pbrbgrjokfjo, ;bcjkotb

d`s fukdbs d`s frbbotbs bhbrfbo dk pbojtbofjk dk

nbcjtkfjo. Dk pbrfbpfjo cb dk prftjfk rbdjgj`sk p`r pkrtb

cb d`s turjstks f`np`rtk uo fkrftbr pr`#ko`, sb botjbocb

ns ijbo f`n` dk `p`rtuojckc cb oubvks b5pbrjbofjks,

kc"ujsjfjo cb fò`fjnjbot`s, jofdus` k vbfbs sb vb f`n`

cjvbrtjnjbot`, pksktjbnp` ` purk furj`sjckc. &` ìstkotb,

huot` fò bstks n`tjvkfjòbs pr`#koks, b5jstb bd jotbr*s cb

fkrftbr bspjrjtukd, "ub nubvb k d`s turjstks \rbdjgj`s`sW k

sjtj`s skgrkc`s su pkrtjfjpkfjo bo dks prftjfks rbdjgj`sks

ìtjbob uo nktjz ns rbdjgj`s` "ub sbfudkr. 9'brkddògk,

MkSìko, 7?226

Bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` bs uo pr`cuft` ns cb fòsun`

turstjf` "ub bst vjofudkc` kd sjgoj#jfkc` fudturkd

bspjrjtukd cb d`s dugkrbs. Bstb pr`fbs`, sb bofukcrk bo dk

dkjfjzkfjo cb d`s kft`s rbdjgj`s`s, "ub k su vbz sb

fòvjbrtbo bo uok jnp`rtkotb ktrkffjo turstjfk 9[o`vbs8kdjbotb, 7??6.

'ajcb 97?2?6 fòstktk "ub dk rbdjgjo pr`p`rfjòk d`s

rbfurs`s 9tkot` nktbrjkdbs f`n` nbtk#sjf`s6, jofduboc`

krtb#kft`s #sjf`s, tkdbs f`n` tbnpd`s, jgdbsjks fktbcrkdbs,

d`s rjtukdbs, #bstjvkdbs bvbot`s pkrk dk kftjvjckc cb

turjsn` rbdjgj`s`.

$.$.5 Kpr`2jnkfjòbs # cj)brbofjks botrb bd pbrb!rjok%b # bd

t"rjsn` rbdj!j`s`

Kuo"ub d`s t*rnjo`s turjsn` rbdjgj`s` cb pbrbgrjokfjo

sò ikstkotb sjnjdkrbs b jofdus` kdguo`s kut`rbs d`s

fòsjcbrko jgukdbs, sb ìsbrvko kdguoks cj#brbofjks. ;jbotrks

"ub bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` akfb ajofkpj* bo d`s dugkrbs cb

fudt`, bd turjsn` cb pbrbgrjokfjo kcbns cb tbobr bo fubotk

cjfa`s dugkrbs cb fudt` pdkotbk dk vjofudkfjo botrb uo`s

Ugjok | ;


17/47

dugkrbs rbdjgj`s`s `tr`s dk obfbsjckc cb cbspdkzknjbot`

cb rbf`rrjc` pkrk ddbvkr k fki` su vjsjtk, d` "ub ddbvk k

bstkidbfbr rutks, jtjobrkrj`s ` fjrfujt`s cb pbrbgrjokfjo

9jd cb Krrjik, 7??>6

Bo vkrj`s bstucj`s bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` sb f`npkrk kd

#bonbo` cb dks pbrbgrjokfjòbs 9;kfkobdd, 7??1Z rkiuro,

2007Z àbo, 200Z =urobr =urobr, 2006. K nbouc` bd

fòfbpt` cb turjsn` rbdjgj`s` kpkrbfb f`n` suistjtufjo cbd

#bonbo` cb dk pbrbgrjokfjo, fksj f`n` su sjoojn`, cbo`tkoc`

uok tbocbofjk k cbo`njokr fò uo dbogukhb n`cbro` #`rnudks

kotjguks. 9!krbddkck, 7??06

'bg:o ;kfkoobdd 920A16 bd turjsn` fòtbnp`rob` f`npkrtb

nufaks cb dks fkrkftbrstjfks cbd pbrbgrjokhb, bd turjstk sb

pbrfjib f`n` uo pbrbgrjo` bo bd kftukd nuoc` sbfudkr n`cbro`.

Kut`rbs f`n` rkiuro 920076Z `ddjos-Vrbjobr 97??06, /jgkofb

97??>6, Mbrrbr` !*rbz 97??6, 8uSòjS 9200>6, Bkcb 920076,

àbo 920A06, 'akrpdb 'uockrkn 97??E6 s`stjbobo "ub b5jstbo

pr`fbs`s pkrkdbd`s bo pbrbgrjokfjo #`rnkd bo bd turjsn`,

sjboc` bd turjsn` uok #`rnk cb pbrbgrjokhb cb dk fjvjdjzkfjo

n`cbrok. Bs bd b"ujvkdbotb n`cbro` cb dks #jbstks

pbrbgrjokfjòbs cb dks s`fjbckcbs kotjguks ns trkcjfjòkdbs.

Bd vjkhb turstjf` bs uo pbrbgrjokhb cjrjgjc` k dk kut`

trkos#`rnkfjo ìtbofjo cb fò`fjnjbot`s k trkv*s cb d`

b5trk`rcjokrj` d` skgrkc`, fòsjcbrko bd pbrbgrjokhb f`n`

kotjgu` prbfurs`r kod`g` cbd turjsn` n`cbro`.

'bg:o rkiuro 92006, uo vjkhb turstjf` bs uo

pbrbgrjokhb, p`r"ub bdd` rbprbsbotk uo jotbrvkd` botrb k"ubdd`

`rcjokrj` o` `rcjokrj`Z d` skgrkc` d` pr`#ko`, "ub cb

sbotjc` k dk vjck. Kni`s jnpdjfko dk rupturk fò dk vjck

f`tjcjkok bd pks` cb uo tjbnp` pr`#ko` 9bd cb dk vjck

f`tjcjkok6 k uo tjbnp` skgrkc`, t`tkdnbotb cj#brbotb, bo bd

Ugjok | ;7


18/47

"ub bs p`sjidb dk rbo`vkfjo cbd sbotjc`. 9Mbrrbr` !*rbz,

7??6

'akrpdb 'uockrkn 97??E6, nbofjòkoc` k 'njta 920076,

s`stjbobo "ub sjo cuck kdguo`s bofubotr`s turstjf`s pubcbo

sbr tko fòvjofbotbs Xf`n` dk pbrbgrjokfjo] fksj bspjrjtukd

bo bd sbotjc` pbrsòkd.

!krbddkck 97??06 k#jrnk "ub bd turjsn`, dks

pbrbgrjokfjòbs dks b5pbrjbofjks rbdjgj`sks tjbobo su pr`pjk

jcbotjckc o` sb pubcbo fò#uocjr botrb bdd`s. Dks

pbrbgrjokfjòbs rbprbsbotko bd sbotjc` cb uo fknjo` cjrjgjc` k

d` skgrkc`, k /j`s, bo i:s"ubck cbd kfbrfknjbot` cbd

fòtkft` fò d` cjvjo`. 'us n`tjvkfjòbs sò cjstjotks k dks

cbd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` pubst` "ub tjbobo nufa` uok fdkrk

rbdkfjo fò dk pbtjfjo cbd pbrco, cb furkfjo, cb

funpdjnjbot` cb v`t`. Kd fòtrkrj`, bd turjsn` rbdjgj`s` tjbob

f`n` n`tjvkfjo prjofjpkd dk vjsjtk cb dugkrbs skgrkc`s ` dk

pkrtjfjpkfjo bo fbdbirkfjòbs rbdjgj`sks, ks f`n` bdcbsfuirjnjbot` cbd vkd`r ajstrjf` dk ibddbzk krtstjfk.

$.$.< S"rjsn` rbdj!j`s` bo bd Ubr7

Bo bdUbr71 d`stbnpd`s f`dòjkdbs ktrkbo k njdbs cb

t"rjstks d`fkdbs # b2trko%br`s"ub fkck k` vjsjtko d`s

cj#brbotbs cbstjo`s "ub `#rbfb bd pks còcb tknij*o sò uok

`pfjo pkrk bd vjkhbr` dksfbdbirkfjòbs cb fkr-ftbrrbdj!j`s`1 tkot` bo dk fkpjtkd1 Djnk1 f`n` bo fj"ckcbs cbd

jotbrj`r1 botb bddks F"sf` # K#kf"f`.B5jstbo fbdbirkfjòbs

bspbftkfudkrbs cb dk #b rbdjgj`sk pbrukok f`n` bd 'b`r cb d`s

;jdkgr`s bo Djnk, 'kotk C`sk 'ko ;krto cb !`rrbs. Bst`s c`s

:dtjn`s skot`s pbruko`s gukrcko k:o bo sus tbnpd`s uo grko

nkgobtjsn` pkrk d`s vjsjtkotbs.

Ugjok | ;1


19/47

Cknrbz 97?216 k#jrnk "ub dks fbdbirkfjòbs #bstjvks bo

bd !br: sò n:dtjpdbs, o` ak rjofo pìdkc` còcb o` sb dbs

#bstbhb, botrb dks ns jnp`rtkotbs bofòtrkn`s< Kd 'b`r cb

;jsbrjf`rcjk ... kd 'b`r cb ;uruauk cb =krnk ... )u* cbfjr

cbd 'b`r cb dk Kgòk, cbd 'b`r cb Durbo, k fuk #jbstk

kfucbo fjbot`s cb pbrsòks akstk %fk ... bd 'b`r kutjv` cb

Kkikfk bo !jurk, k fu` skotukrj` kfucbo njdbs cb #bdjgrbsbs

cbscb dk f`stk pjurkok tunibsjok f`n` tknij*o cb Cj`hk

Knikt` cbd Bfukc`r. Dks vrgbobs bo sus cjstjotks

cbo`njokfjòbs< ;krk cb dk &ktjvjckc fuk #jbstk bd `fa` cb

sbtjbnirb bo kotk ... Dk 8jrgbo cbd krnbo vbobrkck bo d`s

4krrj`s Kdt`s cb Djnk ... Dk 8jrgbo kocbdkrjk cb !uo`, #jbstk

rbgjòkd dk ns jnp`rtkotb cbd Kdtjpdko` ... Dk vjrgbo cb dk

!ubrtk bo 3tuzf`, su #jbstk ak jovkcjc` fksj t`c`s d`s pubid`s

cb dk Djibrtkc, Bo `rkf`rk, Kkfufa`, bd E cb kg`st` sò

njdbs d`s #bdjgrbsbs "ub ddbgko ... pkrk fbdbirkr dk #jbstk cb

dk 8jrgbo cb dks &jbvbs. D`s fuz"ub`s cb !kufkrtkni` o` sb

"ubcko ktrs pkrk fbdbirkr k dk vjrgbo cbd C`skrj`, "u* cbfjr

cb d`s !kjtb`s, kraukfjo`s djnb`s "ub fbdbirko fò grkoh:ijd` dk #jbstk cb dk vjrgbo cb Dks ;brfbcbs.

Bd ns rbfjbotbnbotb bdki`rkc` pbr#jd cbd vkfkfjòjstk

okfjòkd 9!r`n!br:, 7?216 jocjfk "ub ak uo frbfjnjbot`

fòstkotb k` k k` cb dk fkotjckc cb pbrsòks "ub prb#jbrbo

rbkdjzkr kftjvjckcbs vjofudkcks k dk fudturk dk okturkdbzk,

cbstkfk uo R cb pbrsòks "ub prb#jbrbo vjsjtkr jgdbsjks,

fktbcrkdbs fòvbot`s.

!`r `tr` dkc` bd pbr#jd cbd turjstk b5trkohbr` 9!r`n!br:,

7?216 tknij*o prbsbotk uo p`rfbotkhb jnp`rtkotb bo bd

cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` rbdjgj`s`, fò uo > cb turjstks "ub

vjsjtko jgdbsjks, fktbcrkdbs fòvbot`s f`n` pkrtb cb sus

kftjvjckcbs turstjfks bo bd pks.

Ugjok | ;:


20/47

$.$.:. Kfbrfknjbot` kd 8kot"krj` cb O"bstrk 8b,`rk cb dk

8`dbckc

Dk prjnbrk kpjddk cb dk '`dbckc ` dk Tkpjddk !rjnjtjvkT

#ub kc"ujrjck p`r dk `#rkck k dk f`nuojckc #rkofjsfkok

pkgkoc` p`r bddk"dk fòstruffjo cb uo fdkustr` kdt` bo bd

jotbrj`r cbd fòvbot`" sbg:o fòstk bo d`s Djir`s cb Kftks, dk

kpjddk #ub fòfdujck bo 2>?R sbg:o rbzk uok josfrjpfjo

fònbn`rktjvk "ub akstk bd ck cb a` sb fòsbrvk bo bd 'kdo

cb kijdc`s cb dk `#rkck "ub k dk dbtrk cjfb< Ybjokoc` dk

fktdjfk Nkhbstkc cb Lbdjpb JJJ sb kfki bstk fkpjddk cb d`s

abrnko`s cb Oubstrk Vb`rk cb dk V`dbckc sjboc` sus nky`rc`n`s

ò Lrkofjsf` Nkrt!o cb Ybjok y ò brokoc` V#ofab$% &` cb

'()*(.

Kd frbfbr dk cbv`fjo akfjk dk 8jrgbo cb dk '`dbckc d`s

njbnir`s cb dk f`#rkck sb vbo obfbsjtkc`s cb uok jgdbsjk ns

knpdjk, f`jofjcbotbnbotb dk f`nuojckc #rkofjsfkok cbfjcb

knpdjkr dk p`rtbrk cb su fòvbot` fòstrujr dk kftukd

4ksdjfk cb 'ko Nrkofjsf` c`toc`dbs cb uok pdkzubdk "ub db

cjbrk nk`r vjstk k dks oubvks bcj#jfkfjòbs, pkrk d` fukd

pr`pus` k dk f`#rkck cb dk '`dbckc dk pbrnutk cb pkrtb cb d`s

tbrrbo`s cb kniks f`nuojckcbs.

Dk fòstruffjo cb dk oubvk jgdbsjk sb f`nboz fòtjou

bo 2>>0 sbg:o uok cb dks fkrtbdks "ub kc`rok bd prbsijtbrj` kd

dkc` cbd Bvkogbdj` #ub fòfdujck bo 2>A7. Dks rb#brbofjks k

bstb prjnbrk fkpjddk cb dk '`dbckc sò p`fks, dk nbofjòko

irbvbnbotb kdguo`s fròjstks sìrb t`c` sb tjbob uo

c`funbot` gr#jf` jovkdukidb bo uo` cb d`s djboz`s cb dk

f`dbffjo $!r`fbsjo cbd 8jbrobs 'kot`( cb pr`pjbckc cb dk

`#rkck cb Dk '`dbckc "ub rbprbsbotk dk !r`fbsjo cb

!bojtbofjk cb bstk f`rp`rkfjo k nbcjkc`s cbd sjgd` H8%%, bo

bd fukd bd koojn` pjot`r rbprbsbot dk #kfakck cb bstk

prjnjtjvk fkpjddk su bot`ro` kr"ujtbftojf` f`n` tbdo cb

Ugjok | 95


21/47

#òc` k bstk f*dbirb pr`fbsjo k dk fbrbnòjk cbd

/bsfbocjnjbot` "ub bdd`s `rgkojzkiko.

K prjofjpj`s cbd sjgd` H%H sb pr`cuh` uok grko rb#`rnk

ob`fdsjfk bo bd tbnpd` cb &ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckcrbkdjzkck p`r bd prbsitbr` ;ktks ;kbstr`, "ub tbrnjo p`r

fknijkr t`c` bd jotbrj`r cbd =bnpd` "ub akstk bsk #bfak akik

sjc` ikrr`f`, b jofdus` n`cj#jf dk p`rtkck bd fubrp` kdt`

cb dks t`rrbs k #jo "ub rbspòcko k bsb gust`. !r`cuft` cb bsb

fknij` cb bstjd` sò bd rbtkid` nk`r, bd p:dpjt`, d`s

rbtkid`s dktbrkdbs cbns `roknbotkfjo, "ub rbbnpdkzkrò k

dks ìrks ikrr`fks kotbrj`rbs. /b bstk rb#`rnk pr`vjbob uo` cb

d`s nbh`rbs ns krnojf`s fòhuot`s ob`fdsjf`s cb Djnk, fò

ìrks cb prjnbrk fkdjckc cbotr` cbd bstjd` f`n` bd rbtkid`

nk`r "ub supbrk k dk nk`rk cb sus sbnbhkotbs cb dk fjuckc

bd p:dpjt` "ub pubcb fòsjcbrkrsb cb d` ns d`grkc` bo bd

gust` cb ;ktks ;kbstr`. 3irks "ub k pbskr cb uskr bd dbogukhb

#`rnkd ob`fdsjf`, trksuotko uo bsprjtu ikrr`f`, p`r dk

pr`#usjo cb cbtkddbs cbf`rktjv`s su fòfbpfjo cbd bspkfj`.

Dk %gdbsjk cb &ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckc #ub cbfdkrkck

!ktrjnòj` udturkd cb dk Munkojckc p`r dk Fobsf` bo 20

;òunbot` ajstrjf`-krtstjf` &kfjòkd p`r rbs`dufjo suprbnk

&^70??-A7-B/, bd 7 cb cjfjbnirb cb 20A7

Bo dk nkcrugkck cbd ?E cb Juoj` cbd 7??E uo tbrrjidb

jofbocj`, pr`v`fkc` b5tbroknbotb p`r dk pubrtk cb dk %gdbsjk

"ub ck k dk fkddb cb dk '`dbckc 9hr. Kofksa6, k#bft` grko

pkrtb cbd pktrjnòj` krtstjf` rbdjgj`s` cbd tbnpd` cb

&ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckc jofduboc` dk jnkgbo cb su

skotsjnk =jtudkr, sb pbrcj otbgrknbotb bd rbtkid` cb dk

8jrgbo cbd krnbo fò t`cks dks jngbobs "ub bo *d sb

akddkiko. =knij*o sb pbrcjbrò t`c`s d`s fukcr`s cbd sjgd`

H8%%% "ub cbf`rkiko bd tbnpd`, cb jgukd #`rnk t`c` bd

Ugjok | 9;


22/47

nìjdjkrj` #ub k#bftkc` fò nk`r ` nbo`r grkc` p`r dks ddknks

cbd jofbocj`.

/bscb bsk #bfak d`s Mbrnko`s cb &ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk

s`dbckc o` fbsko sus bs#ubrz`s p`r cbv`dvbrdb k dk jgdbsjk cb

&ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckc su `rjgjokd bspdboc`r ibddbzk.

$.'. Nkrf` Fòfbpt"kd

Kftj&jckc S"r6stjfk=Dk cbstjokck k prbstkr k d`s turjstks d`s

sbrvjfj`s cb kd`hknjbot`, jotbrnbcjkfjo, kdjnbotkfjo,

trksdkc`, jo#`rnkfjo, ksjstbofjk ` fukd"ujbr `tr` sbrvjfj`

rbdkfjòkc` cjrbftknbotb fò bd turjsn`. 9!r`n!br:, 7?216

Cbstjo` S"r6stjf`= !r`cuft` turstjf` gdìkd f`npubst` p`r

t`c`s d`s ktrkftjv`s b"ujpknjbot`s sbrvjfj`s ks f`n` dks

jo#rkbstrufturks cb kffbs` "ub uobo kd cbstjo` fò d`s

nbrfkc`s bnjs`rbs. 9!r`n!br:, 7?216

Ur`c"ft` S"r6stjf`= fòhuot` cb f`npòbotbs tkogjidbs b

jotkogjidbs "ub jofdubo rbfurs`s, ktrkftjv`s,

jo#rkbstrufturk, kftjvjckcbs rbfrbktjvks, jngbobs vkd`rbs

sjnidjf`s, pkrk sktjs#kfbr n`tjvkfjòbs b5pbftktjvks,

sjboc` pbrfjijc`s f`n` uok b5pbrjbofjk turstjfk. 9!r`n!br:,

7?216

S"rjsn`= Kftjvjckc "ub rbkdjzko dks pbrsòks curkotb sus

vjkhbs bstkofjks bo dugkrbs cjstjot`s kd cb su bot`ro`

akijtukd, p`r uo pbrj`c` cb tjbnp` fòsbfutjv` jo#brj`r k uok`, fò #jobs cb `fj`, p`r obg`fj`, o` rbdkfjòkc`s fò bd

bhbrfjfj` cb uok kftjvjckc rbnuobrktjvk bo bd dugkr vjsjtkc`.

9!r`n!br:, 7?216

S"rjsn` kdtbroktj&`< sb rb#jbrb k k"ubdd`s vjkhbs "ub tjbobo

f`n` #jo rbkdjzkr kftjvjckcbs rbfrbktjvks bo fòtkft` cjrbft`

fò dk okturkdbzk dks b5prbsjòbs fudturkdbs "ub db

bovubdvbo fò uok kftjtuc f`npr`njs` cb fò`fbr, rbspbtkr,

Ugjok | 99


23/47

cjs#rutkr pkrtjfjpkr bo dk fòsbrvkfjo cb d`s rbfurs`s

okturkdbs fudturkdbs.9%ibz, C`crgubz, 7??06

S"rjsn` F"dt"rkd=Kftjvjckcbs "ub cbskrr`ddk bd turjstk fò bd

#jo cb knpdjkr su fudturk cbscb uok pbrspbftjvk cbd tjbnp`djirb, bd `fj` dk rbfrbkfjo, dk jovbstjgkfjo, bd

cbskrr`dd` pr`#bsjòkd, ikskc`s bo nkoj#bstkfjòbs fudturkdbs,

#`dfdrjfks, krtbskokdbs, vjsjtk k nòunbot`s nusb`s,

ksjstbofjk k furs`s sbnjokrj`s, #bstjvkdbs cb n:sjfk,

tbktr`, rbf`rrjc` cb rutks `tr`s sjnjdkrbs. 9!r`n!br:, 7?216

S"rjsn` trkcjfjòkd='b sustbotk prjofjpkdnbotb bo bd turjsn`

nksjv` bo bd cbskrr`dd` cb grkocbs jostkdkfjòbs cb

kd`hknjbot` bspkrfjnjbot`. D`s turjstks "ub prkftjfko bstb

tjp` cb turjsn` rbgudkrnbotb prbsbotko aijt`s fòsunjstks

cbnkocko sbrvjfj`s s`#jstjfkc`s. Dks kftjvjckcbs "ub

nk`rnbotb d` fkrkftbrjzko, sò sbg:o dk 3rgkojzkfjo ;uocjkd

cb =urjsn` 93;=, 7??E6, dk vjsjtk k pdkks grkocbs cbstjo`s

turstjf` ` ijbo, k fjuckcbs f`dòjkdbs ` cb ktrkftjv`

fudturkd sjtukcks rbgudkrnbotb bo grkocbs fjuckcbs. 9%ibz,C`crgubz, 7??06

S"rjsn` Ybdj!j`s`= òsjstb bo dk pkrtjfjpkfjo cb

pbrbgrjokfjòbs `trks kftjvjckcbs rbdkfjòkcks fò frbbofjks

prftjfks rbdjgj`sks. 9!r`n!br:, 7?216

S"rjstk=fukd"ujbr pbrsòk "ub vjkhk k uo dugkr cj#brbotb kd

cb su rbsjcbofjk akijtukd, "ub sb "ubck p`r d` nbo`s uok o`fab

bo bd dugkr "ub vjsjtk, kuo"ub o` tbogk "ub pkgkr p`r

kd`hknjbot`, fu` prjofjpkd n`tjv` cb vjkhb bs bd `fj`, u

`fupkfjo cbd tjbnp` djirb, obg`fj`s, pbrbgrjokfjòbs, skduc,

u `trk, cj#brbotb k uok kftjvjckc rbnuobrkck bo bd dugkr cb

cbstjo`. 9!r`n!br:, 7?216

FKUJSRD@ JJJ KOKDJ8J8 BNUJYJF@ CB DK UY@4DBN>SJFK

'.;. Ybs"dtkc` cb dks bof"bstks

Ugjok | 96


24/47

!krk funpdjr fò d`s ìhbtjv`s cb dk prbsbotb

jovbstjgkfjo sb ajz` uok bofubstk cjrjgjck k E? pbrsòks bo

bd $'kotukrj` cb &ubstrk 'b`rk cb dk '`dbckc( uijfkc` bo

Jjro Kofksa, Djnk 2E??2. K fòtjoukfjo sb prbsbotk uo

kodjsjs cb d`s rbsudtkc`s ìtbojc`s.

79%

91%

Grlf` o;8 Fò qub rbfubofjk rbkdjzk vjsjtks k jgdbsjks0

OuofkK vbfbs

Vjbnprb

Jotbrprbtkfjo< bd gr#jf` 2

cbnubstrk "ub uo t`tkd cb A7 cb pbrsòks bofubstkcks, vjsjtk

k vbfbs dks jgdbsjks, njbotrks "ub bd 7 rbstkotb sjbnprb

vjsjtk dks jgdbsjks. D` "ub cbnubstrk "ub dks pbrsòks sjgubo

kfucjboc` k dks jgdbsjks cb nkobrk #rbfubotb bo dk kftukdjckc.

Ugjok | 93


25/47

71%

;


26/47

fjrfuostkofjks, sb bst akfjboc` uo iubo trkikh` bo dk

rbfupbrkfjo cbd dugkr, sj ijbo k:o b5jstbo zòks "ub

rbfupbrkr bd trkikh` f`dbftjv` "ub sb bst akfjboc` pkrk

rbsurgjr bd tbnpd` bs jospjrkc`r.

65%

75%

Grlf` o"8 Fòsjcbrk ustbc qub d`s sbrvjfj`s `rbfjc`s sò blfjbotbs0

#$fjbob

&bjkoknbobb$fjbob

Cb$fjbob

Jotbrprbtkfjo= bd gr#jf`

R nubstrk "ub kd nbo`s bd A? cb bofubstkc`s fòsjcbrk bd

sbrvjfj` f`n` nbcjkoknbotb b#jfjbotb, njbotrks "ub bd 1?

rbstkotb frbb "ub bd sbrvjfj` bs b#jfjbotb. 'b pubcb rbskdtkr

"ub o` ak pbrsòks "ub sb bofubotrbo cjsfò#`rnbs fò bd

sbrvjfj` `t`rgkc` cbotr` cbd tbnpd` p`r d` "ub bs uo iubo

bhbnpd` cb fkdjckc nbrbfb sbr rbfò`fjc` f`n` tkd.

Ugjok | 9


27/47

:9%

1%

Grlf` o#8 Frbb ustbc qub bstb dugkr obfbsjtk k`$` bfò%njf`0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo= 'bg:o d`s ckt`s cbd grk#jf` E bd 07 cb

pbrsòks bofubstkcks frbb "ub bd dugkr obfbsjtk kp``

bfònjf`. Kd vbr cb prjnbr` nko` bd bstkc` bo bd "ub sb

bofubotrk bstk jgdbsjk bs #fjd bstkr cb kfubrc` fò dk

nk`rk pubst` "ub k:o ak zòks "ub sb nubstrko nkdtrktkcks

nbrbfbo sbr rbfupbrkcks pkrk nbh`rkr bd ktrkftjv` cbd dugkr.

21%

39%

Grlf` o&8Frbb qub sbr'k (boblfj`s` krk bd sbft`r rjvkc` k`$kr bstb bstk(dbfjnjbot`0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo= cb kfubrc`

kd grk#jf` > bd E cb bofubstkc`s, fòsjcbrko "ub bd sbft`r

prjvkc` sb vbrk ibob#jfjkc` sj kp`k bstb bstkidbfjnjbot`,

Ugjok | 97


28/47

njbotrks "ub bd R7 sb nkotjbob obutrkd. Bo bstb

bstkidbfjnjbot` sj sb rbfjib bd kp`` bfònjf` cb prjvkc`s

sjo bnikrg` o` pkrbfb sbr su#jfjbotb pkrk dk t`tkd

rbfupbrkfjo cbd dugkr. Bo dugkrbs f`n` jgdbsjks sb bspbrk

nufa` ns cb dk fòtrjiufjo cbsjotbrbskck cb dks pbrsòks.

:9%

1%

Grlf` o)8 Frbb ustbc qub bs jn`rtkotb krk o`s`tr`s vjsjtkr bst`s tbnd`s0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo= bo bd

gr#jf` A sb pubcb jcbotj#jfkr "ub bd 07 cb bofubstkc`s frbb

"ub bs jnp`rtkotb vjsjtkr bst`s tbnpd`s. Bstb rbsudtkc`

cbnubstrk fn` dk gbotb k:o nkotjbob k dks jgdbsjks bo kdtk

bstjnk, cbspu*s cb t`c` b5jstb nufak k#dubofjk bo d`s

kdrbcbc`rbs cb dks prjofjpkdbs jgdbsjks cb dk fkpjtkd. D` "ub

ak "ub iusfkr bs kfbrfk ns k d`s turjstks "ub tknij*o

#rbfubotko bd fbotr` ajstrjf`.

Ugjok | 91


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;55%

Grlf` o*8 Fòsjcbrk ustbc qub dk rbsbrvkfj%o cb bstb tbnd` bs vkdj`sk krk oubstr` ktrjnòj`0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo< bd grk#jf` nubstrk "ub bd 2?? cb bofubstkc`s fòsjcbrko "ub dk

prbsbrvkfjo cb dk jgdbsjk cb dk '`dbckc bs vkdj`sk. Bstb

rbsudtkc` o` bs rkr` k "ub sj ijbo dk jgdbsjk o` bst bo dks

nbh`rbs fòcjfjòbs, k:o #`rnk pkrtb cb oubstrk ajst`rjk

oubstr` pktrjnòj`. K#`rtuokcknbotb sb bsto akfjboc`

bs#ubrz`s p`r rbfupbrkrdk d` kotbs p`sjidb.

Ugjok | 9:


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73%

95%

> cb pbrsòks bofubstkcks frbbo "ub oubstrk

fudturk bst #ubrtbnbotb rbdkfjòkck fò dk rbdjgjo. Fok vbzns dk nk`rk cb pbrsòks pkrbfb bstkr cb kfubrc` fò dk

Ugjok | 65


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#ubrtb prbsbofjk cb d`s sni`d`s rbdjgj`s`s bo oubstrk vjck.

Dk b5jstbofjk cb n:dtjpdbs skot`s, cks #bstjv`s, fkrokvkdbs

pr`fbsj`obs "ub sb cko k d` dkrg` kofa` cbd pks pkrbfbo

ckrdbs dk rkzo.

1


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11%

;5%9%

Grlf` o;98 .b fòsjcbrk k ustbc njsnk uok brsòk bsjrjtukd0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo=bd grk#jf` 27

nubstrk "ub bd cb pbrsòks bofubstkcks sb fòsjcbrko k s

njsnks f`n` bspjrjtukdbs. Bd prbsbotb gr#jf` pubcb gukrckr

rbdkfjo fò bd kotbrj`r bo bd "ub sb cbn`strkik "ub dk

nk`rk cb bofubstkc`s sj akik sjc` jojfjkck bo uok c`ftrjok

rbdjgj`sk. Kuo"ub akirk "ub nbofjòkr "ub bs uo p`rfbotkhb

djgbrknbotb nk`r p`r kpboks 7.

13%

;


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'j k sb ak cbn`strkc` prbvjknbotb "ub dk nk`rk cb pbrsòks

sò njbnir`s cb uok %gdbsjk o` s`rprbocb "ub tknij*o frbko bo

dks fbrbnòjks "ub sb rbkdjzko cbotr` cb bstks.

71%

99%

Grlf` o;"8 /`rnk krtb cb dks fbrbnòjks qub sb rkftjfko cbotr` cbd tbnd`0

V'

Oburk(

O!

Jotbrprbtkfjo= cb kfubrc`

k dk jo#`rnkfjo cbd grk#jf` 2R bd A cb bofubstkc`s #`rnko

pkrtb cb dks fbrbnòjks "ub sb prkftjfko cbotr` cb dk jgdbsjk,

njbotrks "ub bd 77, o` #`rnko pkrtb cb bstks fbrbnòjks. K"u

sj fkib rbskdtkr uo abfa` jnp`rtkotbZ k:o cbotr` cb dks

pbrsòks "ub sb sjbotbo jcbotj#jfkcks fò dk %gdbsjk ak

fjbrtk cjsnjoufjo bo dk fkotjckc cb prkftjfkotbs.

Ugjok | 66


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2


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79%

;


36/47

cb 'ko Nrkofjsf`. Bs jnp`rtkotb sbkdkr "ub sj ijbo f`npkrtbo

dk !dkzubdk cb 'ko Nrkofjsf` bstks c`s jgdbsjks sò

jocbpbocjbotbs p`r d` "ub dk kcnjojstrkfjo cb 'ko Nrkofjsf`

o` jotbrvjbob bo dk %gdbsjk cb dk '`dbckc. Dk kcnjojstrkfjo

cb dk jgdbsjk bst k fkrg` cb d`s Mbrnko`s cb &ubstrk 'b`rk

cb dk '`dbckc, jostjtufjo "ub #`rnk pkrtb cb dk kotj"usjnk

f`#rkck cb dk '`dbckc #uockck fkoojfknbotb bd 21 cb kirjd cb

2>?1 bo dk fjuckc cb Djnk, !br: f`n` $`#rkck cb !bojtbofjk(.

Dk %gdbsjk cb dk '`dbckc kirb sus pubrtks kd p:idjf` bo

gbobrkd s`d` d`s cks c`njog` cbijc` "ub k:o o` bst prbpkrkck

pkrk s`nbtbrsb k uo fòstkotb #duh` cb vjsjtkotbs, bst` :dtjn`

k fòsbfubofjk cbd tbrrjidb jofbocj` "ub tuv` dugkr bd ?E cb

huoj` cbd 7??E, sjojbstr` "ub k#bft` grko pkrtb cbd pktrjnòj`

krtstjf` rbdjgj`s` cbd tbnpd`. 'b pbrcj otbgrknbotb bd

rbtkid` cb dk 8jrgbo cbd krnbo fò t`cks dks jngbobs "ub bo

*d sb akddkiko, tknij*o sb "ubnkrò kdguo`s fukcr`s cbd sjgd`

H8%%% "ub cbf`rkiko bd tbnpd`, cb jgukd #`rnk t`c` bd

nìjdjkrj` su#rj bo nk`r ` nbo`r nbcjck cb dk jofdbnbofjk cb

dks ddknks.'jo bnikrg`, "ujofb k`s cbspu*s cb bstk trkgbcjk, dk

%gdbsjk cb dk '`dbckc pkrbfb bstkr ijbo bofknjokck akfjk dk

rbfupbrkfjo cb su `rjgjokd bspdboc`r, bs ns, bd skfrjsto

sbfrbtkrj` cb dk %gdbsjk cb dk '`dbckc, ;jgubd Brobst` Kgujdkr

o`s kcbdkotk "ub bs nu prìkidb "ub cbotr` cb uo k` ` c`s,

bd tbnpd` kirk sus pubrtks cb nkobrk #rbfubotb pkrk #`rnkr

pkrtb cbd ktrkftjv` turstjf` cbd fbotr` ajstrjf` cb Djnk,jofdus` ak pr`pubstks pkrk kirjr uoks fktkfuniks pr`pjks

p`r supubst` dk b5ajijfjo cb fukcr`s rbtkid`s "ub pucjbrò

rbsfktkrsb cbd jofbocj`.

!krk #jokdjzkr dk botrbvjstk prbguotkn`s kd skfrjsto

;jgubd fud brk su kprbfjkfjo rbspbft` kd turjsn` rbdjgj`s`

bst` #ub d` "ub o`s rbspòcj< $k d`s turjstks dbs ddknk nufa`

dk ktbofjo bd krtb "ub sb b5ajib bo dks jgdbsjks, sb "ubcko

Ugjok | 6


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nkrkvjddkc`s cb d`s fukcr`s tko kotjgu`s cb d`s rbtkid`s

ibddknbotb kc`rokc`s(.

ukoc` sb db f`osudt` fud brk su `pjojo rbspbft` k uok

supubstk cbprbfjkfjo cb d` bspjrjtukd bo oubstrk s`fjbckc,

bstb o`s rbsp`ocj


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tbnpd`, kuo"ub bstks pkrbfbo sbr josu#jfjbotbs. 'jo bnikrg`

ak "ub rbsfktkr dk vjsjo cb pkrtb cb d`s pr`n`t`rbs "ub

tjbobo pboskc` rbkirjr bd bstkidbfjnjbot` d` ns pròt`

p`sjidb pkrk pkrtjfjpkr kftjvknbotb bo bd nbrfkc` turstjf`

kftukd.

!`r `tr` dkc`, cb d`s ckt`s ìtbojc`s sb pubcb fòfdujr

"ub dk nk`rk cb pbruko`s fòsjcbrk bst`s tbnpd`s dk

rbdjgjo f`n` uok pkrtb cb oubstrk fudturk, f`n` kdg` "ub bs

pr`pj` cb oubstr` pubid`, pbr` k nkobrk cb fòtrkstb tknij*o

sb pubcb sbkdkr "ub sò fkck vbz nbo`s dks pbrsòks "ub

pkrtjfjpko kftjvknbotb cb d`s rjtukdbs fbdbirkfjòbs "ub sb

fbdbirko cbotr` cb dk jgdbsjk. Bd abfa` cb "ub bd > cb

pbrsòks bofubstkcks k#jrnb sbr frbbotb cb uok rbdjgjo, pbr`

s`dknbotb bd A #`rnb pkrtb cb dks fbrbnòjks cbotr` cb dks

jgdbsjks pkrbfb s`stbobr bstk k#jrnkfjo.

`n` pkrtb cb dk jovbstjgkfjo, sb cbsbkik cbtbrnjokr sj

bd bsfbptjfjsn` cb dks pbrsòks brk uo` cb d`s #kft`rbs "ub

jnpbck bd cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` rbdjgj`s`. Mui` uo E> cb

bofubstkc`s "ub bstkiko cb kfubrc` fò bstk k#jrnkfjo. Bstbakddkzg` sugjbrb "ub sj ijbo bd bsfbptjfjsn` pubcb sbr uok

ikrrbrk k supbrkr pkrk bd djirb cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn`

nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk, o` bs uo #kft`r cbtbrnjokotb k "ub

dk n`tjvkfjo pkrk bd cjs#rutb cb d`s ktrkftjv`s rbdjgj`s`s vk

ns kdd cb d` fktbgrjfknbotb bspjrjtukd.

F@OFDR8J@OB8

Bd prbsbotb trkikh` cb jovbstjgkfjo tbok f`n` ìhbtjv`

prjofjpkd bd kokdjzkr dks p`sjidbs fkusks "ub o` pbrnjtbo uo

ptjn` cbskrr`dd` cbd turjsn` nstjf`-rbdjgj`s` bo Djnk. Dubg`

cbd kodjsjs cb d`s rbsudtkc`s sb ako ddbgkc` k dks sjgujbotbs

fòfdusjòbs ;298??? "623$ ??? 3$0??? 1b Nksfudjo`??? Ebnbojo`???

Kk prbsbotb bofubstk tjbob p`r ljokdjckc skibr su `pjojo rbspbft` kd turjsn` nstjf`2

rbdjgj`s` Iub sb rbkdjk bo dk fjuckc cb Kjnk. Kk jol`rnkfjo irjockck sbr* trktkck cb

nkobrk fòljcbofjkd.

Jcj.k.j`bs- fòtjoukfjo ustbc bofòtrkrk uok sbrjb cb prbguotksF s`djfjtkn`s su f`dki`rkfjo pkrk

bd ddbokc` cb dk bofubstk nkrfkoc` fò uok


44/47

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;6.2 pjbosk ustbc Iub oubstrk fudturk bst* lubrtbnbotb rbdkfjòkck fò dk rbdjgjoB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;;.2 4s ustbc prkftjfkotb cb kdguok rbdjgjoB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;9.2 1b fòsjcbrk k ustbc njsnk uok pbrsòk bspjrjtukdB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;".2 rbb ustbc bo dks fbrbnòjks Iub sb prkftjfko cbotr` cb dk jgdbsjkB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;3.2 E`rnk pkrtb cb dks fbrbnòjks Iub sb prkftjfko cbotr` cbd tbnpd`B

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;$.2 òsjcbrk Iub bd bsfbptjfjsn` o` pbrnjtb k dks pbrsòks kfbrfkrsb k dk LgdbsjkB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

;'.2 rbb ustbc Iub dk lkdtk cb frb/botbs klbftk k dk LgdbsjkB

1j??? :butrkd??? :`???

Ugjok | 33


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KOB0@ $

BOSYB\JVSK

Cjrj5jck k-Njgubd 4robst` -gujdkrF 1kfrjst*o / sbfrbtkrj` cb dk Lgdbsjk cb :ubstrk 1b)`rk cb

dk 1`dbckc.

;.2 u*otks pbrs`oks vjsjtko bd tbnpd` kpr`


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KOB0@ '

Ugjok | 3


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Documents

Desarrollo del turismo místico-religioso en Lima: "Iglesia Nuestra Señora de la Soledad" 2015