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BELIEF SYSTEMS: …..
• DESCRIBE
• IMPACT: How does it affect?
- Way people LIVE
- History & Politics
- Economics
1
2
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Middle East
• JUDAISM
• CHRISTIANITY
• ISLAM
- Monotheistic
- Jerusalem3
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism
• BELIEFS:
- Yahweh
- Jerusalem
- Torah, Talmud
- Synagogue/Sabbath
- Kosher4
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism
• GROUPS:
- Reformed
- Conservative
- Hasidic
5
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Judaism
• IMPACT:
- Judao-Christian religion/beliefs … 1 God
- Diaspora - Jews spread
- Anti-Semitism in Medieval Europe
Jews persecuted
- ex: Holocaust, pogroms in Russia
- Israel created
. . . Intifada . . . 6
Jerusalem
Israel
religion
1
monotheism
Abraham .. Isaac .. Jacob
Circa 1800 BC … or 3761 BCThe Year 5773
Orthodox .. Hasidic
Conservative
Reformed
Torah TANAKH
Talmud
Rabbi
Synagogue
Temple
Rosh Hashanah
Yom Kippur
Hanukkah
Passover
Saturday
KOSHER … Kashrut
Purify
Separation:
- meat
- dairy
Monotheism
… the 1st
Messiah will come
… has not come
Afterlife:
- Judgement Day
- Heaven & Hell
Follow the Torah
… the 10 Commandments
Praying … Saturday
Follow religious
Observances:
- Rosh Hashanah
- Yom Kippur
- Passover
Charity … Mrs. Myra Kraft – NE Patriots
TRADITIONAL
- Synagogue
- Men & women
sit separately ?
Hasidic
1200 BC … Exodus
73 AD … Diaspora
Romans kick Jewish
Inhabitants out of
Palestine
900 AD – Middle Ages
- persecution - Europe
1900 AD
- Pogroms .. Russia
1930 - - >1945
“the Holocaust”
1990s … Intifada
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity
• BELIEFS:
- God AND Jesus
- Jerusalem/Rome/Constant
- Bible
- Church & Sunday
- Christmas & Easter12
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity
• Groups:
- Roman Catholics
- Protestants
- Russian Orthodox
13
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Christianity
• IMPACT:
- preserved knowledge … Middle Ages
- the Crusades
- Latin America: united people, ethnocentrism
- Renaissance & Reformation
- Absolute Monarchy: Divine Right
14
Jerusalem
Bethlehem
Rome
Europe
Latin America
Africa
Religion
1
monotheism
Jesus of Nazareth
Circa 0 A.D.
Roman Catholics
Protestants … Lutherans .. Baptists … Methodists
Bible:
- Old Testament
- New Testament
Pope … Cardinals … Bishops … Priests
Ministers
Monks & Nuns
Church
Saturday evening
Sunday morning
Christmas
Easter
Roman Catholics
- no meat … during Lent
40 days before Easter
1 God
Jesus is the Savior
Existence … afterlife
- - Heaven
Pray
Ask for forgiveness
Celebration
… Life & teachings
Of savior Jesus Christ
Going to Church on Sunday
Celebration of Christmas
- Gift giving
- … the 3 Wise Men
Equality
EXCEPT … Roman Catholic Church
… no female priests
… disciples were male
Birth of Jesus Christ
The Crusades … 1097 – 1200 AD
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
Protestant Reformation …1500s
Ireland … 1900s:
North (Protestant)
Vs South (Catholic)
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam
• BELIEFS:
- Allah & “5 Pillars”
- Mosque, Friday, “Pray 5 times”
- Mecca & Medina
- Koran (Qur’an) / Sharia
- Ramadan20
GOALS … WEDNESDAY .. SEPTEMBER 18th , 2013
• Belief System chart: … Animism ... Review of 1st of 3 belief system … Finish … Periods 6 & 9
… Christianity ... & … Judaism
• Time Management / Study Skills … Finish … Videos …
• Geography
… World maps … Continents … some Countries … some Topographic Features
• Lecture … “Traditional” vs. “Modern”
• Crossword Puzzles … “Belief Systems” … + … “Paleolithic - - - > Phoenicians”
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam
• GROUPS:
- Shia (Shi’ites) … want a theocratic
govt. … religion runs the nation
- Sunni … want a “secular” state/nation …
religion & government are separate
22
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Islam
IMPACT:
- Golden Age of Islam … learning
- common Culture
- Crusades
- India: Sepoy Mutiny
- partition of Pakistan/India
- Kashmir
- Islamic Fundamentalism
- Jerusalem 23
Religion
1 … Allah
monotheism
Middle East
northern Africa
Pakistan
Indonesia
Mecca … Makkah
Medina
Jerusalem
Mohammad
Muhammed
622 AD 1433 A. H.
the hegira
Sunni – secular
Shia (Shi’ites) – theocracy
- Wahabism … extreme … Taliban – Afghanistan … Bin Laden (UBL)
Koran
Qur’an
Mullah
Ayatollah
mosque
Friday Noon … but also 5 times each day
Ramadan … when Mohammed received the Qur’an from Allah
… 28 days … move able
… this year … August
… complete fast during daylight … also no sex
NO:
- alcohol
- nothing from the pig
Monotheism
Life after death
- paradise
Five Pillars of Islam
- acknowledge only 1 God – Allah
- pray 5 times each day … regulates their day
- charity
- fast during Ramadan
- make a pilgrimage to Mecca once in your lifetime
The Five Pillars of Islam (Wisdom) are:
- SHAHADAH.: Faith - “There is no god except Allah, Muhammad
is the messenger of Allah”.
- SALAH: Prayer - Praying five times a day.
- ZAKAH: Donate - Each year, Muslims are supposed to donate a
fixed proportion of their savings for good deeds.
- SAWM: Fasting - Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
- HAJJ [HAJD}: Pilgrimage - Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at
least once in the lifetime of a Muslim, if it is affordable.
Male dominance
- can have up to 4 wives
Women have few rights
- Afghanistan & Iran … worse … hajib / chador … must be covered
622 AD. the hegira
732 AD. Battle of Tours … Moors (Muslim advance in Europe stopped
1095 – 1200 AD … the Crusades
1299 – 1922 AD … Ottoman Empire
1947 – 2012 AD … Arab – Israeli Crisis
1970s … terrorism used by extremists to get attention to causes
1990s … Intifada … Palestinian Arabs vs. Israeli settlers
30
Since the 8th century, a major source of disunity among Muslims
has been the
1. differences in the religious teachings of Shiites and
Sunnis.
3. establishment of production quotas for oil.
2. use of the human figure in art.
4. spread of Islam as a result of invasion and trade.
31
Since the 8th century, a major source of disunity among Muslims
has been the
1. differences in the religious
teachings of Shiites and Sunnis. 3. establishment of production quotas for oil.
2. use of the human figure in art.
4. spread of Islam as a result of invasion and trade.
Which of the following are common
to Christianity, Islam & Judaism ?
1. Polytheism & Ganges River
2. Atheism & Moscow
3. Communism & Huang He River
4. Monotheism & Jerusalem
32
Which of the following are common
to Christianity, Islam & Judaism ?
1. Polytheism & Ganges River
2. Atheism & Moscow
3. Communism & Huang He River
4. Monotheism & Jerusalem
33
BELIEF SYSTEMS: in Africa & Asia
l Animism
l Hinduism
l Buddhism
l Jainism
l Confucianism & Daoism
l Legalism & Shintoism
34
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Animism
• Things in Nature have SPIRITS
• IMPACT:
- Appreciation & respect for things in Nature
- Ancient Egyptians prayed
to “the God of the Nile … the Giver of Life”
35
Religion
Polytheism
many
• Africa
• SE Asia
• Latin America
None
- Mt. Kilimanjaro
- the Nile River
None … just began
Evolved
Many
None
Eldest Male
… or Woman
Outside
… Nature … i.e. River Bank .. Waterfall
Everyday
Events in Nature
i.e.
Annual Flooding of the Nile
1st Harvest
Full Moon
Depends on
what they worship
… could be
… a cow
… a fish
• EVERYthing
in Nature
has a spirit
Human
& non-Human
• Good & Bad Spirit
• Even departed ancestors have spirits
Praying
Respecting things in nature
At times … even Human Sacrifice
… the Aztecs (Mexico City)
Depends on
what they worship
/ Pray to
None
41
Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?
1.Shinto and animism
2.Hinduism and Confucianism
3.Judaism and Christianity
4.Islam and Buddhism
42
Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?
1.Shinto and animism2.Hinduism and Confucianism
3.Judaism and Christianity
4.Islam and Buddhism
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Hinduism
• Polytheistic: - Vishnu, Brahman, Shiva
• Sacred Writings:- Upanishads, Gita, Ramayana, Mahabharata
• Dharma & Karma - - ->Reincarnation(Duties) + Judgement ---> Next Life
• Nirvana43
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Hinduism
• IMPACT:- Caste system
- Sacred objects:
- Ganges River
- cow (don’t eat beef)
- Sepoy Mutiny
- Conflict in Partition of India
- Kashmir 44
HINDUISM – the caste system
45
Ganges River
Aryan civilization
RELIGION
3 – Brahma, Shiva, Vishnu
polytheism
India
Circa 4000 – 3000 BC
Vedas
Mahabharata
Ramayana
Bhavagad Gita
Brahman
Home. Temple , Street side Shrine
Everyday
Holi
… spring
… … Good over
Evil
RELIGION
Nothing
from the cow
- Most followers
are often
vegetarians
This has affected
… McDonalds …
in India
Dharma … duties
Karma … fate / judgment
Reincarnation – rebirth
- body cremated at death
to release the soul
Nirvana – supreme state
of happiness
Caste system… social class – rigid
NO social mobility
… affects WHO you
may associate with
… very strong in rural areas
Segregated by caste
… strong in villages
... Less in cities
320 – 550 AD .. Gupta Empire = Golden Age
1500s & 1600s … Mughal [ Mogul ] Empire
“Muslim” = Islam
1857 – Sepoy Mutiny
… British vs. Hindus & Muslims
1947
… southern Asia
Independence
…India – Hindu nation
.. Pakistan – Muslim nation
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism
• 4 Noble Truths- we have pain/sorrow in life
- because we “want” things
• 8 Fold Path- to relieve the pain
- meditate
- give up material desires
• Key People: Buddha & Dalai Lama51
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Buddhism
~ cultural diffusion - spread from China ~
IMPACT
• PEACEFUL life
- Vietnam
- Tibet52
Religion or
Philosophy
1 or none
Depends
monotheism or -----
Asia
Bodh tree
… in India
Gautama Siddhartha
560 BC
Mahayana – Buddha GOD
Theravada – philosophy
Tripitaka
…. Sutras
Monks
“Dalai Lama”
Shrine of Buddha
everyday
New Year
Spring [April]
Buddha Day
… 1st full moon - May
Meat
Fish
Vietnam & China
… no
… onions
… garlic
… leak
GOAL: nirvana
4 Noble Truths
- pain & suffering
caused by
desire for
material goods
… never good
enough
… new enough
8 Fold Path
- meditation
- give up
- Goods
- Selfish desire
- seek “enlightenment
- proper behavior
Equality
20th century
[1900s]
Dalai Lama [Tibet]
vs
Communist China
58
Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists?
1.Everyone should have the same social status.
2.People should pray five times a day.
3.The soul can be reincarnated.
4.Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods.
59
Which belief is shared by Hindus and Buddhists?
1.Everyone should have the same social status.
2.People should pray five times a day.
3.The soul can be reincarnated.4.Material wealth is a sign of the blessing of the gods.
•CHART
… “Sikhism”
SIKHISM
Religion
1
Monotheism
India – Punjab
Golden Temple
at Amritsar
Guru Nanak
1500s
Sikhs
Adi Granth
Guru
Temple
Everyday
New Year
&
Harvest
NO:
- Meat
- Alcohol
- Drugs
1 God
- almighty
- fearless
Reincarnation
… until …
resolve Karma
so are united
with God
Meditation
- speak directly
to God
FORBID:
- discrimination
Based on
- - class (caste)
- - color
- - religion
- - gender
20th century
- Sikh desire for
Independence
“separatism”
1984
- June
Indian army attacks
Sikh Golden Temple
At Amritsar
- October
Sikh militants
kill India’s Prime Minister
“Indira Gandhi”
- her won body guards
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism
• Analects = Confucius
• Mandate of Heaven
• Filial Piety
• Ancestor Veneration
• Examination System
- everyone has a place & duty in society
- this “should” lead to an “orderly” society
66
67
The EMPEROR … is at the top
68
69
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Confucianism
• IMPACT:
Influenced Chinese government
- Dynasties (Qing / Manchu)
- Communists (Mao Zedong)
70
Philosophy
---------------
----------------
China
---------------
Confucius
Kung – fu tzu
Circa 500 BC
----------------
The Analects
- Emperor
- eldest male
Everywhere
Everyday
--------------------
----------------
Everyone has a place
& role in society
Mandate of Heaven
- power to rule
comes from God
- emperor MUST set
the good example
or else the people
will overthrow him
5 relationships
- Ruler – subjects
- Father – son
- Brother – brother
- Husband – wife
- Friend – friend
Filial piety
Ancestor veneration
+ orderly society
Patriarchal society
Eldest male has the say
Civil Service Examination
System
- Job based on WHAT you know
NOT WHO you know
1911 end
of the Manchu/Qing
Dynasty
- Lost the Mandate
of Heaven
1949 … Communists
control Mainland China
- have the Mandate
of Heaven
- - because they rule
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Daoism
• Harmony between
- Man
- Nature
• Yin & Yang
76
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Daoism
• IMPACT:
- study of natural world
led to advances in science
- again … “peaceful” society
77
Philosophy
---------------
----------------
China
---------------
Lao - tze
Circa 300 BC
----------------
Daode Jing
- Monks
Everywhere
Everyday
--------------------
----------------
HARMONY
between people
& the universe
Yin & Yang
- good vs evil
Constantly in flux
Meditation
Martial arts
Equality
-------------------
83
35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress
1. respect for nature
2. the need for government based on religious principles
3. respect for elders
4. the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches
nirvana
84
35. Both Shintoism and Taoism (Daoism) stress
1. respect for nature 2. the need for government based on religious principles
3. respect for elders
4. the need for continual spiritual rebirth until one reaches
nirvana
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Legalism
• STRICT obey LAW
• HARSH punishment- practiced in Singapore
85
Philosophy
---------------
----------------
FAR EAST
- China
- Vietnam
- Singapore
---------------
Shang Yang
C475 BC
----------------
The Law
- Judges
- Govt. officials
Everywhere
Everyday
--------------------
---------------- ---------------- ----------------
People born
evil / corrupt
Must be taught
the straight & narrow
path
Severe punishment
- For even
small/minor
infractions
Obey the Law
STRICT & ORDERLY
society
Equality
-------------------
BELIEF SYSTEMS: Shintoism
• RESPECT for- land
- nation: JAPAN
- emperor
• IMPACT:- Tokugawa & Meiji
+ Kamikaze91
Religion
Many
Polytheism
Japan
Mt. Fuji
… mountain
near Tokyo
According to legend … the Gods dipped their spear into the Pacific
the drops of water that fell off became “Japan”
Circa 2000 BC
… none …
Chronicles of Japan
Kojiki
… tales / fables … like Hinduism (Vedas … Gita)
Shinto priests
Shrines at home
“Torii Gate(s)”
Everyday … ritual cleansing (with water … to purify)
New Years Day
… honoring the Kami (spirits)
from 4 directions (North, South, East & West)
Seijin-no-Hi--Shinto festival (2nd Monday in January)honoring 20-year-old men and women
on reaching adulthood, and recognizing the rights and responsibilities that come with it.
Spring Festival … (planting)
Fall Festival … (harvest)
… none …
Spirits exist
… some human
… some non – human
… some good … some evil (bad)
+ similar to Animism
People & spirits SHARE the SAME WORLD
Afterlife
… crossing the river (like Hades in Greek mythology)
The Kami (spirits) protect Japan
Bowing … a form of respect
… lower the bow … the higher the respect
… Washing
… Water purification
… a form of “purifying”
… even done when buildings are about to open
… get rid any evil spirits
… praying
… sometimes at shrines at home
or in public
… none …
1287 … “kami” defeat Mongol naval invasion attempt against Japan
Late 1800s … “Meiji Restoration”
… Shintoism becomes a “national” religion
Dec. 7, 1941 … “kamikaze” pilots … attack US ships in Pearl Harbor
1946 … (after World War II)
… Shintoism
… no longer a National / State religion
97
Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?
1.Shinto and animism
2.Hinduism and Confucianism
3.Judaism and Christianity
4.Islam and Buddhism
98
Which two belief systems teach that there are spirits in nature?
1.Shinto and animism2.Hinduism and Confucianism
3.Judaism and Christianity
4.Islam and Buddhism
According to the teachings of Confucius,
the key to the successful organization of society
is that
1. the ruler should be chosen democratically.
2. ancestor worship should be discontinued.
3. the evil in humans must be eliminated.
4. individuals should know
and do what is expected of them.
99
According to the teachings of Confucius,
the key to the successful organization of society
is that
1. the ruler should be chosen democratically.
2. ancestor worship should be discontinued.
3. the evil in humans must be eliminated.
4. individuals should know
and do what is expected of them.
. . . Caste system (Hinduism) . . . India . . .
. . . Latin America . . .
. . . Medieval Europe . . .100
101
Which characteristic of Ancient Indian society
is best illustrated by the caste system?
1. social mobility
2. rigid class system
3. interdependence
4. cultural diffusion
102
Which characteristic of Ancient Indian society
is best illustrated by the caste system?
1. social mobility
2. rigid class system 3. interdependence
4. cultural diffusion
… once you are born into a class
… you are stuck in it until you die, your body is cremated,
… you are judged (karma), based on how well you fulfilled
your dharma (duties)
103
One way in which the Vedas (Hinduism), the Bible
(Christianity), and the Koran/Qur’an (Islam) are similar is that
these religious books
1. provide guidelines to govern the behavior of believers
2. deny the existence of a supreme being who rules the
universe
3. encourage strife between segments of believers
4. support political rebellions to overthrow existing
governments
104
One way in which the “Vedas” (Hinduism), the “Bible”
(Christianity), and the “Koran/Qur’an” (Islam)
are similar is that these religious books
1. provide guidelines to govern
the behavior of believers 2. deny the existence of a supreme being who rules the
universe
3. encourage strife between segments of believers
4. support political rebellions to overthrow existing
governments
