Describe the molecular basis of DNA Page 44 Tuesday ... · 4 Types, inputs, outputs, trace steps 3 Types, inputs and outputs 2 C.R. equation 1 C.R. purpose Learning goal: Describe

4Variables the alter protein

synthesis and effects

3DNA, RNA, functions, codons, amino acids

2DNA, RNA, functions

1Define protein

Learning goal: Describe the molecular basis of DNA replication and protein synthesis

Warm-up: Re-watch the film regarding glow in the dark plants.

“Creating a New Kind of Night Light: Glow-in-the-Dark Trees”. Film: https://youtu.be/QMDiRKootnI

Listen for the following content and answer the questions:

1. What is the purpose of the agrobacterium?

2. What is the benefit of using agrobacterium?

3. What is the downside to using agrobacterium?

4. What is the purpose of a gene gun?

5. What is the benefit of using gene gun?

6 .What is the downside to using gene gun?

Page 44Tuesday December 6, 2016

Agrobacterium: .

https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter17/genes_into_plants_us

ing_the_ti-plasmid.html

1.Cloned genes are first inserted within the ____________ to generate a transgenic plant.

2.Using this procedure, which of the plant cells will contain the gene of interest?

3. To form a transgenic plant, researchers would select those plants that have had OR have not had

tumors created by an Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection?

Ti plasmid

All the cells in the plant.

Have had tumors.

https://youtu.be/QMDiRKootnI

https://highered.mheducation.com/sites/9834092339/student_view0/chapter17/genes_into_plants_using_the_ti-plasmid.html

4Types, inputs,

outputs, trace steps

3Types,

inputs and outputs

2C.R.

equation

1C.R.

purpose


Learning scale:

Student’s self-evaluation: Complete at home or at the end of class, use the

4-3-2-1 Learning scale (two to three sentences).

Homework: none.

1 2 3 4

Define a protein and list

multiple functions of

proteins.

Explain the role of DNA , RNA and

codons in protein synthesis. List

multiple functions of proteins.

Explain the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA to

amino acids through a series of codons.

Including the role of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA.

Determine how the alteration a nucleotide affects codons and the

subsequent translation and transcription of genetic

information and the potential problems due to

improper proteins.





1Define protein







1Define protein


Steps to genetic engineering

A. Isolating and splicing a gene

Restriction enzyme create

sticky ends on the gene

Gene is isolated. From this

point the gene can used for

protein production is e coli

or attached to gold

nanoparticles for insertion

into an second species via

a gene gun.

2 3


Restriction enzyme create sticky

ends:an enzyme with the property of

cleaving (cutting) DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of

bases.





1Define protein



Restriction enzyme create sticky ends: an enzyme with the property of cleaving (cutting) DNA molecules at or near a specific sequence of bases.


Restriction

enzyme

Sticky ends that will attaching to

complementary nucleotides in another

strand of DNA





1Define protein



B. Insertion the gene into a bacterium

5. Restriction enzyme create

sticky ends

6. Human gene is introduced and sticky

end stick together, creating recombinant

DNA

4. E-coli bacterium

plasmid is removed






1Define protein



C. Replication and collection

8. E-Coli now produces human protein

that can be collected

7. Recombinant DNA is

inserted into e-coli

bacterium

9. E-coli rapidly reproduced and each new cell

produces proteins that can be collected and

used

Page 45Monday December 5, 2016





1Define protein



C. Replication and collection

10. Collection and

purification

Page 45Monday December 5, 2016

Insulin

Since the early 1920s, diabetic patients were treated with

insulin purified from bovine or pig pancreas. The development

in the field of genetic engineering allowed the production of

insulin in E. coli and yeast, which have been approved for

therapeutic applications in human by FDA.

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer invented the technique of

DNA cloning and genetic engineering allowing genes to

transfer among different. Their discovery led to the

development of several recombinant proteins with therapeutic

applications such as insulin. Genes encoding human insulin

and were cloned and expressed in E. coli in 1978. The first

licensed drug produced using recombinant DNA technology

was human insulin, which was developed by Genentech and

licensed as well as marketed by Eli Lilly in 1982.





1Define protein


Gene gun


First developed in 1984 a gene gun

propels millions of DNA-coated

particles past rigid plant cell walls and

delicate membranes, allowing direct

deposit of genetic material into living

cells, intact tissues, and microscopic

organelles.

Gene guns operate on the principle

that under certain conditions, DNA

and other genetic material become

“sticky,” readily adhering to

biologically inert particles. By

accelerating this DNA-particle and

placing the target tissue within the

acceleration path, DNA is effectively

introduced.





1Define protein


Gene gun


Gun barrel

with He gas

Screen to disperse

particles

Gold/DNA particles scatter at very

high speed to target cellsDNA dissolves from

gold particle and is

absorbed into

target cell’s

genome.

Gold nanoparticle coated with sticky

fragments of DNA. The particles

are compressed into a disc





1Define protein


The process of cloning






1Define protein








1Define protein








1Define protein


Describe and diagram the process to genetically engineer a plant that will glow

in the dark. (Hint: think about where you can get find genes that would

code for glow in the dark.)

Use the following vocabulary while labeling the images:a. Restriction enzyme

b. Sticky end

c. Gene

d. Recombinant DNA

e. Plasmid DNA

f. Escherichia coli (or e-coli) Bacteria (or)

g. Gene gun

h. Transgenic organism

i. Donor egg cell

j. Surrogate

**Use Figure 2 on page 229 as a reference


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Describe the molecular basis of DNA Page 44 Tuesday ... · 4 Types, inputs, outputs, trace steps 3 Types, inputs and outputs 2 C.R. equation 1 C.R. purpose Learning goal: Describe