DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAŢIONALE A CĂRŢIIisopc2018.unasm.asm.md/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Abstract-book... · ROMANCIUC Gabriela, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant

European Association for Research on Plant Breeding

Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON OIL AND PROTEIN CROPS

Meeting of the EUCARPIA Oil and Protein Crops Section

The congress is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Scientific Association

of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova

ABSTRACT BOOK

Chisinau, Republic of Moldova May 20-24, 2018

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CZU 581.15/.16(082)=111=161.1 I-58 INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON OIL AND PROTEIN CROPS Meeting of the EUCARPIA Oil and Protein Crops Section May 20-24, 2018, Chisinau, Republica Moldova. Abstract book, Chisinau, 2018

© Duca Maria, et al. © European Association for Research on Plant Breeding © Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of Moldova

Responsabilitatea asupra conținutului materialelor publicate revine în exclusivitate autorilor.

ISBN 978-9975-3178-5-6.

DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAŢIONALE A CĂRŢII

International congress on oil and protein crops : Meeting of the EUCARPIA Oil and Protein Crops Section, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova, May 20-24, 2018 : The congress is dedicated to the 50th anniversary of Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova : Abstract book / European Assoc. for Research on Plant Breeding, Sci. Assoc. of Geneticists and Breeders of the Rep. of Moldova ; sci. com.: Duca Maria (president) [et al.]. – Chişinău : S. n., 2018 (Tipogr. "Artpoligraf"). – 172 p.

Texte : lb. engl., rusă. – Rez.: lb. engl. – Sponsori: European Assoc. for Research on Plant Breeding, Biotehnos, "Dimitrie Cantemir" State University. [et al.]. – 200 ex.

ISBN 978-9975-3178-5-6.

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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE

DUCA Maria (Chair) President of the Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Republic of Moldova ANTONOVA Tatiana VNIIMK All-Russia Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia BOLLER Beat EUCARPIA Executive Committee representative, Agroscope, Zurich, Switzerland CHESNOCOV Yuriy Agrophysical Research Institute, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia De RON Antonio M. EUCARPIA Protein Crops Working Group Leader, MBG-CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain DENEV Ilya, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria DZIUBENCO Nicolai "N. I. Vavilov" Research Institute of Plant Industry, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia HAM Le Huy Institute of Agricultural Genetics, Hanoi, Vietnam JOITA-PACUREANU Maria Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, Romania KAYA Yalçın Trakya University, Engineering Faculty, Turkey MAPELLI Sergio Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy MICU Vasile Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni", Republic of Moldova MILADINOVIC Dragana Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia RUBIALES Diego Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council, Córdoba, Spain UZUN Bulent EUCARPIA Oil and Protein Crops Section Chair, Akdeniz University, Turkey VELASCO Leonardo International Sunflower Association representative, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Cordoba, Spain VINTU Vasile "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania VOLLMANN Johann University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria

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LOCAL ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

DUCA Maria (Chair), President of the Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova BOTNARI Vasile, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection MATICIUC Vasile, Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni" PALII Andrei, State Agrarian University of Moldova TELEUTA Alexandru, "Al. Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute) VRONSCHIH Mihail, Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia"

CONGRESS SECRETARIAT

CLAPCO Steliana, "Dimitrie Cantemir" State University COTENCO Eugenia, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection MARTEA Rodica, "Dimitrie Cantemir" State University ROMANCIUC Lidia, Moldovan Research and Development Association

SPONSORS

European Association for Research on Plant Breeding is a non-profit organization. EUCARPIA aims to promote scientific and technical co-operation in the field of plant breeding in order to foster its further development.

Biotehnos is a pharmaceutical company which celebrated 20 years of existence. The main activity of the company is production of original drugs and pharmaceutical active ingredients, from both animal and plant origin.

The "Dimitrie Cantemir" State University is a higher education institution. The mission of the university consists in the development and implementation of advanced study programs at all university levels and postgraduate training, research and innovation generating capacity.

The "Clean House" is a leader network of shops of cosmetics and household chemicals in Moldova.

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CONGRESS PROGRAMMEE STRUCTURE

MAY, 20

ARRIVAL OF THE PARTICIPANTS

MAY, 21 Blue Hall of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova (1 Stefan cel Mare bd.)

900 – 1000 REGISTRATION Visit to the Museum of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

1000 – 1045 OPENING REMARKS 1045 – 1115 Welcome coffee 1115 – 1300 BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES

Keynotes and short lectures 1300 – 1400 Lunch break and poster session 1400 – 1540 MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Keynotes and short lectures 1540 – 1555 Group photo 1600 – 2000 Cultural Program and Gala Dinner. Visit to the Castel Mimi


900 – 1025 PLANT BREEDING Keynotes and short lectures

1025 – 1110 Coffee break and poster session 1110 – 1235 PLANT BREEDING

Keynotes and short lectures 1235 – 1335 Lunch break 1335 – 1500 RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS

FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY Keynotes and short lectures

1500 –1545 Coffee break and poster session 1545 –1615 Closing remarks and poster prize 1615 –1700 Assembly meeting of EUCARPIA members 1800 – 2100 Cultural Program and Dinner. Visit to the famous Cricova cellar

MAY, 23

930 – 1100 Field trip (Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni") 1130 – 1230 Field trip (Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection) 1300 – 1500 Lunch break (Botanical Garden)

MAY, 24

DEPARTURE OF PARTICIPANTS

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DETALIED PROGRAMMEE STRUCTURE

MAY, 20 ARRIVAL OF THE PARTICIPANTS


900 – 1000 REGISTRATION Visit to the Museum of Academy of Sciences of Moldova

1000 – 1045 OPENING REMARKS Presentation of the European Association for Research on Plant Breeding

BOLLER Beat, EUCARPIA Executive Committee representative, Agroscope, Switzerland

Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova: Celebrating 50 years DUCA Maria, President of the Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

1045 – 1115 Welcome coffee BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES

Chairs: Vasile BOTNARI, Leonardo VELASCO Invited speakers

1115 –1135 The Secret Life of Plants: genetic symphony TOMA Constantin, "Al. Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania

1135– 1155 Camelina sativa (L.) - agronomic, physiological and biochemical aspects: experience in Italy and Assam MAPELLI Sergio, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Italy

Short lectures 1155– 1215 Collections of oilseeds at the Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National

Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Ukraine LYAKH Viktor, VEDMEDEVA Kate, Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ukraine

1215– 1230

Non-food oilseed plants as an alternative resource for biofuel production SAIKIA Siddhartha, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, India

1230 –1245 Conservation of plant diversity in "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden from Moldova ROSCA Ion, "Al. Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden, Republic of Moldova

1245 –1300 Present situation and perspectives of plant genetic resources documentation system in Republic of Moldova ROMANCIUC Gabriela, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova

1300 –1400 Lunch break and poster session MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY Chairs: Maria JOITA-PACUREANU, Sergio MAPELLI

Invited speakers 1400 –1420

Integration of molecular tools to oil and energy crops breeding: case studies in groundnut, sesame, soybean and sweet sorghum UZUN Bulent, Chair of Oil and Protein Crops Section of EUCARPIA, Turkey

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1420–1440 Plant parasitism from the prospective of the system host plants - parasitic broomrapes-soil microbiome DENEV Ilya, University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria

Short lectures 1440–1455 Selection of restriction-enzyme for optimum genome reduction in groundnut

YOL Engin, Akdeniz University, Turkey 1455 –1510 Effects of bacterial inoculation (Rhizobium leguminasorum biovar viceae) on

the seed yield, nodule number, nodule dry weight and some agronomical characteristics of common pea cultivars (Pisum sativum L.) KARASU Abdullah, Uludag University, Turkey

1510 –1525 Combining gene and genome mutations in maize breeding for grain protein content and quality BATIRU Grigorii, State Agrarian University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova

1525– 1540 Specific and nonspecific resistance of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) to broomrape (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) TABARA Olesea, "D. Cantemir" State University, Republic of Moldova

1540 –1555 Group photo 1600–2000 Cultural Program and Gala Dinner. Visit to the Castel Mimi


PLANT BREEDING Chairs: Andrei PALII, Bulent UZUN

Invited speakers 900 – 920 Legume landraces for a sustainable agriculture: intercropping common bean-

maize, a case study De RON Antonio M., Protein Crops WG Leader MBG-CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain

920 – 940 Breeding for oil quality VELASCO Leonardo, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spain

Short lectures 940 – 955 Development of Faba Bean in Canada – Past, Present, Future

VANDENBERG Albert, University of Saskatchewan, Canada 955– 1010

Unlocking the full potential of 2000 maize inbred lines for nowadays societal needs using state of the art molecular biology tools MICLAUS Mihai, National Research and Development Institute for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

1010 –1025

New sunflower genotypes with increased drought resistance and constant productivity in organic farming systems SAUCA Florentina, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania

1025– 1110 Coffee break and poster session PLANT BREEDING

Chairs: Vasile MICU, Ilya DENEV Invited speakers

1110 –1130 Sunflower breeding. New approach related to the seed market requests JOITA-PACUREANU Maria, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania

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1130– 1150

Confectionary pumpkin breeding: Priorities and recent developments KAYA Yalçın, Trakya University, Turkey

Short lectures 1150 –1205 Bases for genetic improvement of grain legumes and cereals

BOTNARI Vasile, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova

1205 –1220 Achievements and perspectives in food breeding of maize for food MATICIUC Vasile, Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni", Republic of Moldova

1220 –1235 New technologies in maize breeding and research ROTARENCO Valeriu, VAR BREEDING Ltd. Republic of Moldova

1235– 1335 Lunch break and poster session RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS

FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY Chairs: Vasile MATICIUC, Albert VANDENBERG

Invited speakers 1335– 1355 Causal relationships in the infection of sunflower with fungi of the genus

Fusarium in the Russian Federation ANTONOVA Tatiana, VNIIMK All-Russia RI of Oil Crops, Krasnodar, Russia

1355 –1415 Soybean breeding for improved food safety and health value VOLLMANN Johann, University of Natural Resources and Applied, Vienna, Austria

Short lectures 1415 –1430

The impact of the drought, according to the duration of ripening differing wheat genotypes signs of photosynthetic research TAMRAZOV Tamraz, Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Azerbaijan

1430– 1445 Modern techniques of stress water identification from lands with different species of oilseeds or legumes ROBU Teodor, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania

1445-1500 Sunflower crop and climate change VRONSCHIH Mihail, Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia", Republic of Moldova

1500 –1545 Coffee break and poster session 1545 –1615 Closing remarks and poster prize

BOLLER Beat, EUCARPIA Executive Committee representative UZUN Bulent, Chair of Oil and Protein Crops Section of EUCARPIA DUCA Maria, President of the Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova

1615 –1700 Assembly meeting of EUCARPIA members 1800 –2100 Cultural Program and Dinner. Visit to the famous Cricova cellar

MAY, 23 930 – 1100 Field trip (Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni") 1130– 1230 Field trip (Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection) 1300– 1500 Lunch break (Botanical Garden)

MAY, 24 DEPARTURE OF PARTICIPANTS

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S U M M A R Y

Congress Sessions 17

Session A. BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES 17 1. Agapi I. GENETIC DIVERSITY, BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL

PROPERTIES OF SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES 18

2. Annamaa K., Narits L., Bender I. CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ESTONIAN GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum convar. medullare Alef. emend C.O. Lehm.) GENETIC RESOURCES

19

3. Borah N., Mapelli S., Chaliha B., Saikia S.P. NON-FOOD OILSEED PLANTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE RESOURCE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

20

4. Borah N., Mapelli S., Chaliha B., Saikia S.P., Galasso I., Camelina sativa (L.) IN ASSAM: AGRONOMIC, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

21

5. Bran A. Sava E., Ion V. EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS REGISTERED FOR CULTIVATION IN ROMANIA

22

6. Budak F. EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) VARIETY OF SALCEDO

23

7. Caproni L., Raggi L., Elise F. Talsma., Luis G. Santos, Javier M. Gereda, Luis F. Londoño, Peter Wenzl, Steve Beebe, Negri V. SCREENING COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GERMPLASM FOR Fe AND Zn BIOFORTIFICATION

24

8. Chavdar N., Rushchuk A., Shaykhilov D. THE OPTIMUM MILK THISTLE CROPS SCHEME FOR TRANSNISTRIA CONDITIONS

25

9. Chavdar N., Rushchuk A. PHYSICAL MUTAGENESIS AS A METHOD OF INITIAL MATERIAL CREATION FOR SESAME SELECTION

26

10. Ciocarlan N. EX SITU CONSERVATION OF OILSEED PLANT RESOURCES IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN (INSTITUTE), REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

27

11. Corlateanu L., Mihaila V., Ganea A. STORAGE POTENTIAL OF WHEAT COLLECTION ACCESSIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EX SITU CONSERVATION

28

12. De Ron Antonio M. LEGUME LANDRACES FOR A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: INTERCROPPING COMMON BEAN-MAIZE, A CASE STUDY

29

13. Martea R., Cernolev E., Dencicov L. COMPARATIVE GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES USING RAPD MARKERS

30

14. Elisovetcaia D., Ivanova R., Brindza J. OIL FROM Juniperus sabina L. FOR BIOLOGICAL PESTS CONTROL

31

15. Ganea A. INVENTORYING AND COLLECTING OF THE LANDRACES OF THE OIL AND PROTEIN CROPS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

32

16. Gribincea V. ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC AN GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MAIZE INBRED LINES

33

17. Guţu A., Ţîţei V., Teleuţă A. ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE LEGUMINOUS PLANT SPECIES Anthyllis macrocephala, Astragalus cicer, Coronilla varia AND Glycyrrhiza glabra IN MOLDOVA

34

10

18. Hosni T., Mdimagh S., Benyoussef N.O., Hamadi B.S., Kharrat M. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A COLLECTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) ACCESSIONS CULTIVATED IN TUNISIA

35

19. Huseynzade Nesrin R. QUALITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ONION VARIETIES

36

20. Kistol M., Budak A., Kharchuk O. INCREASING OF THE INFORMATION ABOUT OIL CONTENT IN SEEDS (NMR-RELAXATION STUDY)

37

21. Kon’kova N. BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NIGER (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) COLLECTION OF N.I. VAVILOV INSTITUTE

38

22. Kon’kova N. Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. VIR COLLECTION COMPREHENSIVE STUDY IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTH-WEST REGION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

39

23. Marjanović Jeromela A., Grahovac N., Glogovac S., Cvejić S., Miladinović D., Kondić A., Špika, Vollmann J. GENOTYPIC VARIATION OF OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SEEDS OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa (L.) Crtz.)

40

24. Medimagh S., Mechri M., Mastouri M., Salah H.B., Khamassi K. GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITATIVE ATTRIBUTES AMONG SPRING RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.) VARIETIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF TUNISIA

41

25. Micu A. SOURCES AND PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF A MAIZE CHARACTER THAT RESULT IN MALE STERILITY

42

26. Monich R., Koba L., Vdovychenko Z., Skórka M. BREEDING OF HIGH-YIELD SOYBEAN VARIETIES (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) BY THE «AgeSoya» COMPANY

43

27. Peleah E., Melnic V., Ungureanu I. BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY OF WILD MINTS OF MOLDOVA

44

28. Romanciuc G. PRESENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

45

29. Rotari E. APPROBATION OF JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FOR OIL CROPS CULTIVATED IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

46

30. Rotari E., Rotari A., Comarova G. A NEW APPROACH TO THE USE OF PROTEIN MARKERS IN THE PROCESS OF CORN BREEDING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

47

31. Rudakova A., Rudakov S., Artemyeva A., Kurina A., Kocherina N., Chesnokov I. POLYMORPHISM OF ESTERASES IN SEEDS OF SMALL RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.) FROM COLLECTION OF VIR

48

32. Shevchenko I., Lyakh V., Prof., Vedmedeva K. COLLECTIONS OF OILSEEDS AT THE INSTITUTE OF OILSEED CROPS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

49

33. Sibirny D., Sibirnaya L., Gorshkov V. FAT AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SPRING RAPE SEEDS IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION OF RUSSIA

50

34. Ștefan G.A., Ivanescu L., Toma C., Olteanu Z., Stefan M., Gorgan L.D., Zamfirache M.M. CORRELATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS IN Lavandula SPECIES

51

11

35. Tamrazov T.H., Talai J.M. THE IMPACT OF THE DROUGHT, ACCORDING TO THE DURATION OF RIPENING DIFFERING WHEAT GENOTYPES SIGNS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESEARCH

52

36. Titei V, Andreoiu A. C., Blaj V. A., Maruşca T. FORAGE QUALITY OF BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL, Lotus corniculatus, IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION

53

37. Titei V., Stavarache M. SOME AGROBIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES AND FODDER VALUE OF Galega orientalis, VARIETY SPERANTA

54

38. Vishnyakova M., Seferova I., Novikova L., Egorova G., Gridnev G. GENE POOL OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN VIR COLLECTION FOR AN EXPANDING THE BOUNDARIES OF CULTIVATION

55

39. Vus N., Kobyzeva L. CHICKPEA COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR PLANT GENETIC REOURCES OF UKRAINE

56

40. Yerzhanova S., Abayev S., Meirman G., Toktarbekova S., Kaspakbaev E., Nusubalieva F. WILD ALFALFA SPECIES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING

57

Session B. PLANT BREEDING 58

1. Aleksandrova T. VETCHES CULTIVATED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 59 2. Bivol I., Curshunzhi D. APPLICATION OF RESISTANCE GENE ANALOG

(RGA) MARKERS TO ANALYSES OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)

60

3. Boaghii I., Vatavu M., Lungu E. CREATING HIGH-PRODUCTIVE PRECOCIOUS AND MIDDLE-TARDILY HYBRIDES RESISTANT TO MAIN PATHOGENES, BROOMRAPE AND DROUGHT

61

4. Borozan P., Musteata S., Rusu G., Spinu V. BREEDING OF EARLY MAIZE IN MOLDOVA

62

5. Borozan P., Rusu G. EARLY FLINT MAIZE BREEDING 63 6. Botnari V., Andronic L., Cotenco E. BASES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT

OF GRAIN LEGUMES AND CEREALS 64

7. Brutch N., Porokhovinova E., Pavlov A., Kutuzova S. NEW INITIAL MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF LINSEED VARIETIES FOR NORTH WEST OF RUSSIA

65

8. Budak A., Coretchi L., Celac V., Kharchuk O. THE NEW Glycine max (L.) Merrill. VARIETIES

66

9. Burlyaeva М.О., Solovyeva A.E., Silenko S.I. THE STUDY OF GRASS PEA (Lathyrus sativus L.) GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TERMS OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GREEN MASS

67

10. Celac V. GENETIC AND AMELIORATION EVALUATIONS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

68

11. Cheban A., Curshunzhi D. THE CONTENT OF TOTAL PROTEIN AND FAT IN SEEDS, AS WELL AS SOME PARAMETERS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN BREEDING MATERIEL OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.).

69

12. Ciobanu V. A MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN LOCAL VARIETIES OF MAIZE

70

13. Cliciuc D., Malii A., Cheban A. THE PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE SEEDS OF CHICKPEA, SOYBEAN AND PEANUT MUTANT VARIETIES INDUCED BY GAMMA RAY MUTAGENESIS

71

12

14. Curshunzhi D., Cheban A. EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA BREEDING MATERIAL BY YIELD, RESULTS OF TESTING SOME CHARACTERS FOR HOMO/HETEROGENEITY

72

15. Espanani S., Pérez-Vich B., Majidi M. M., Velasco L. SEED OIL QUALITY IN SAFFLOWER POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION

73

16. Gisca I., Cucereavii A., Clapco S. TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES USED IN THE COMPANY AMG-AGROSELECT COMERT SRL FOR ENHANCING THE QUALITY OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER SEEDS

74

17. Gisca I., Cucereavii A. ACHIEVEMENTS CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN THE AMG-AGROSELECT COMERT

75

18. Karasu A., Oz M., Goksoy A.T., Dogan R., Sincik M. Senyigit E. THE EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON SEED YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS OF DIFFERENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS AT SOUTH MARMARA REGION OF TURKEY

76

19. Kaya Y, Beser N. CONFECTIONERY PUMPKIN BREEDING: PRIORITIES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

77

20. Maticiuc V., Mistreţ S., Spânu A. THE SYSTEM OF THE TESTING CORN HYBRIDS IN MOLDOVA

78

21. Meirman G., Yerzhanova S., Abayev S., Kalibayev B., Nusubalieva F. CREATION OF INBRED LINES OF ALFALFA ON THE BASIS OF A SIGN OF SELF-FERTILITY FOR SELECTION OF SYNTHETIC VARIETIES

79

22. Miclaus M. UNLOCKING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF 2,000 MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR NOWADAYS SOCIETAL NEEDS USING STATE OF THE ART MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOLS

80

23. Mihailov M. IMPROVING OF MAIZE INBRED LINES BY DIHAPLOID SELECTION

81

24. Miladinović D., Marjanović Jeromela A., Hladni N., Jocić S., Cvejić S., Dimitrijević A., Jocković M., Miklič V. OIL CROPS BREEDING FOR IMPROVED SEED COMPOSITION–ACHIEVEMENTS OF NS BREEDING PROGRAM

82

25. Musteata S. IMPROVEMENT OF USEFUL GERMPLASM IN EARLY MAIZE BREEDING

83

26. Pacureanu-Joita M. SUNFLOWER BREEDING. NEW APPROACH RELATED TO THE SEED MARKET REQUEST

84

27. Palii A., Batiru G., Comarova G., Rotari A., Cojocari D. COMBINING GENE AND GENOME MUTATIONS IN MAIZE BREEDING FOR GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT AND QUALITY

85

28. Rotarenco V., Dicu G. HAPLOID TECHNOLOGIES IN MAIZE BREEDING 86 29. Rotarenco V., Rotarenco V. IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE INBRED LINES BY A

MUTATION-BREEDING APPROACH 87

30. Rotari S., Gore A. RESULTS OF STUDYING OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT 88 31. Rybiński W., Święcicki W., Starzycka-Korbas E., Starzycki M., Barzyk P. SEEDS

OF WHITE LUPIN (Lupinus albus L.) AS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF FAT AND FATTY ACIDS

89

32. Sabaghnia N., Janmohammadi M. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS OF GARDEN CRESS (Lepidium sativum L.) ACCESSIONS

90

13

33. Saucs F., Petcu E., Anton F.G. NEW SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES WITH INCREASED DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND CONSTANT PRODUCTIVITY IN ORGANIC FARMING SYSTEMS

91

34. Sipos E., Fiedler A. MOGYI LTD.’S BREEDING PROGRAM 92 35. Soroka A., Kutishcheva N. SUNFLOWER BREEDING IN THE INSTITUTE

OF OILSEED CROPS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

93

36. Uzun B., Yol E., Ustun R., Guden B. INTEGRATION OF MOLECULAR TOOLS TO OIL AND ENERGY CROPS BREEDING: CASE STUDIES IN GROUNDNUT, SESAME, SOYBEAN AND SWEET SORGHUM

94

37. Valkova D., Nenova N., Encheva V. HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus L. AND THE WILD SPECIES Helianthus divaricatus L.

95

38. Vandenberg A., Purves R., Tar’an B., Zanotto S., Hughes J., Feyissa A., Smits J., Getachew F., Zhang H., Khazaei H. DEVELOPMENT OF FABA BEAN IN CANADA – PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

96

39. Vanicovici N., Mirza V. BREEDING CORN FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE 97 40. Veverita E., Leatamborg S., Jelev N. TRITICALE VARIETIES CREATED BY

INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS 98

41. Vozian V., Taran M., Iacobutsa M. THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF NEW SOYBEAN VARIETIES, CREATED AT THE RIFC “SELECTIA”

99

Session C. MOLECULAR GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 100

1. Anisimova I., Alpatieva N., Gavrilova V. SEQUENCE ANALYSIS REVEALS STRUCTURAL POLYMORPHISM OF METHIONINE-RICH ALBUMIN SFA8 IN SUNFLOWER

101

2. Besliu A., Usatii A., Efremova N. BIOSINTHESYS OF PROTEINS AT RHODOSPORIDIUM TORULOIDES YEAST STRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF METAL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

102

3. Calugaru-Spataru T., Ciocarlan N. IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Mentha gattefossei Maire – THE ENDANGERED ESSENTIAL OIL-BEARING SPECIES

103

4. Chesnokov Y., Kanash E., Mirskaya G., Rusakov D., Kocherina N., Fateev D., Rushina N., Lohwasser U., Börner A. QTL ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMOCALLY VALUABLE TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS OF AGROECOBIOPOLYGON

104

5. Duca M., Port A., Nechifor V. COMPARATIVE EXPRESSION OF expA1 AND GSL12 GENES IN INDUCED AND CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE SUNFLOWER PLANTS

105

6. Efremova N., Besliu A., Usatii A., Batir L., Roșca M. MODULATION OF ACTIVITY OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ENZYME AT Rhodotorula gracilis CNMN-Y-03 YEAST STRAIN BY THE METAL OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

106

7. Karasu A., Oz M., Alpsoy H.C. EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL INOCULATION (Rhizobium leguminasorum biovar viceae) ON THE SEED YIELD, NODULE NUMBER, NODULE DRY WEIGHT AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON PEA CULTIVARS (Pisum sativum L.)

107

14

8. Kirilova I., Hristeva Ts., Bozhinova R., Mishev K., Vassileva V., Dimitrova A., Denev I. PLANT PARASITISM FROM THE PROSPECTIVE OF THE SYSTEM HOST PLANTS-PARASITIC BROOMRAPES-SOIL MICROBIOME

108

9. Lemesh V., Bahdanava M., Andronik E., Golub I. MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF LINSEED BREEDING MATERIAL

109

10. Levitchi A., Martea R., Mutu A. IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE IN SUNFLOWER BREEDING

110

11. Ramazanova S., Antonova T. GENETIC CERTIFICATION OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SOYBEAN ON THE BASIS OF SSR MARKERS

111

12. Smerea S., Andronic L. BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN BARLEY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ANDROGENESIS

112

13. Yol E. SELECTION OF RESTRICTION-ENZYME FOR OPTIMUM GENOME REDUCTION IN GROUNDNUT

113

Session D. RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESS 114

1. Allahverdiyev Tofig Idris PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF DURUM (triticum Durum Desf.) AND BREAD (Triticum aestivum L.) WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DROUGHT STRESS

115

2. Antonova T. CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INFECTION OF SUNFLOWER WITH FUNGI OF THE GENUS Fusarium IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

116

3. Antonova T., Saukova S. FUSARIUM ROOT ROT OF SUNFLOWER: THE METHOD OF EARLY SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE

117

4. Balalić I., Crnobarac J., Miklič V., Radić V., Dusanić N. SUNFLOWER SEED YIELD AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DATE

118

5. Boaghii I., Vatavu M., Lungu E. SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT PATHOGENS

119

6. Boian I., Elenciuc D., Domenco R. ASSURANCE OF BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUNFLOWER CROP IN MOLDOVA WITH AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

120

7. Brînză L., Ștefîrță A. INVOLVMENT OF WATER STATUS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN THE Glycine max (Merr., L.) PLANTS STRESS-MEMORY FORMATION TO DROGHT

122

8. Caus M. EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH, ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES AND PROLINE CONTENT IN Pisum sativus PLANTS

123

9. Caus M. EFFECTS OF MINERAL NITROGEN SOURCES AND ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS ON SOYBEAN NODULE DEVELOPMENT AND NITROGENASE ACTIVITY

124

10. Clapco S., Mutu A., Port A., Duca M. EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON THE SEED GERMINATION IN SUNFLOWER

125

11. Coretchi L., Budac A., Bondarenco E. CROP PLANT RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS

126

12. Cravcenco A., Climenco O. HAPLOID SELECTION OF MAIZE 127 13. Czubacka A., Korbecka-Glinka G., Olszak-Przybyś H., Monich R. EFFECT OF

Fusarium oxysporum INOCULATION ON SOYBEAN SEEDLING GROWTH 128

14. Duca M., Port A., Tabara O. SOME ASPECTS OF RESPONSE MECHANISM OF HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L. TO Orobanche cumana Wallr.

129

15

15. Engalycheva I.A., Kozar′ E.G., Pronina E.P., Ushakov V.A., Balashova I. T. DISEASES OF LEGUME PLANTS AT THE CENTRAL PART OF RUSSIA

130

16. Guchet S., Antonova T., Araslanova N., Tchelyustnikova T. DEVELOPMENT OF SUNFLOWER LINES NOT AFFECTED BY RACE G OF BROOMRAPE (Orobanche cumana Wallr) AND THE INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE

131

17. Hussain M., Rauf S., Pederweski J., Abdul N., Kausar M. PHENOTYPING OF SEGREGATING GENERATIONS DERIVED FROM SUNFLOWER INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES (H. annuus) AND (H. argophyllus)

132

18. Iwebor M., Antonova T., Araslanova N., Saukova S. TO THE QUESTIONOF SUNFLOWER RESISTANCETO THE DOWNY MILDEW PATHOGENIN THE KRASNODAR REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

133

19. Joita-Pacureanu M., Risnoveanu L., Anton G.F., Bran A., Sava E. THE IMROVEMENT OF RESISTANCE TO Orobanche cumana PARASITE, IN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES, RESISTANT TO HERBICIDES

134

20. Kantar F., Certel B.T., Volkan G., Tepe A., Çiftçi V., İkten H., Toker C. EXPLOITING Phaseolus sp. GERMPLASM FOR FROST TOLERANCE BREEDING AT SEEDLING STAGE

135

21. Korbecka-Glinka G., Czubacka A., Skomra U., Doroszewska T., Kopania E., Monich R., Bobrecka-Jamro D. DEVELOPING SEED COATING FOR SOYBEAN IN ORDER TO INCREASE ITS TOLERANCE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

136

22. Kozar′ E., Engalycheva I., Antoshkin A., Smirnova A. SEARCH SOURCES OF GREEN BEAN RESISTANCE TO VIRUS DISEASES IN THE MOSCOW REGION

137

23. Lemesh V., Mozgova G., Pilyuk Ya., Horuzhiy N., Byk E. DETECTION OF THE RLM4 GENE DETERMINING BLACKLEG RESISTANCE IN COLLECTION OF RAPE

138

24. Lupascu G., Sasco E., Gavzer S., Cosalic C. HERITABILITY OF THE COMMON WHEAT REACTION TO THE Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram. PATHOGEN

139

25. Maticiuc V., Guzun L. INTEGRATED FOOD PROTECTION OF MAIZE - BASED FOOD SECURITY AND SAFETY OF CORN

140

26. Olszak-Przybyś H., Czubacka A., Korbecka-Glinka G., Jarecki W., Monich R., Patkowska E. MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS IN SOYBEAN

141

27. Rotaru V. ASSOCIATED EFFECTS OF CO-INOCULATION OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum WITH Pseudomonas putida ON SOYBEAN YIELD CULTIVATED ON CARBONATED CHERNOZIOM

142

28. Saltanovici T., Lupașcu G., Antoci L. INFLUENCE OF HYDRIC DEFICIT ON THE VARIABILITY MASCULIN GAMETOFIT AT CEREAL CROPS

144

29. Savca E., Mutu A. VARIATION OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) UNDER THE ACTION OF ES BIOPREPARATE

145

30. Вронских М.Д. ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА И РЕАКЦИЯ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА

146

31. Вронских М.Д. ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИК. РЕАКЦИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ФАКТОРЫ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ

147

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Session E. FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY 148

1. Cherdivara A., Rudakova A., Rudakov S., Kakhovskaya I., Shutov A. LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF SEED STORAGE GLOBULINS IN RELATION TO THEIR ALLERGENICITY

149

2. Crismaru V. THE EVOLUTION OF AREAS OF PULSE CROPS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

150

3. Derendovskaia A., Secrieru S., Rotari A. THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND TYPE OF PREDECESSOR ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER BARLEY

151

4. Goliana M., Hegedűsová A., Szabová E., Hlavačková L. PRODUCTION OF FORTIFIED OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus) AS A PART OF INNOVATIVE FUNCTIONAL FOOD PRODUCTS

152

5. Maticiuc V., Meleca A. IMPROVING FOOD CORN IN TERMS OF INTEGRATED CROP PROTECTION

153

6. Mozgova G.V., Ushkova L.L., Zheleznyakova E.V., Drobot N.I., Kriveleva A.N., Lemesh V.A. GM-CANOLA IDENTIFICATION BY USING PCR TECHNIQUES

154

7. Narits L. EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PRODUCTS TO SOYBEAN SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

155

8. Nicuţă A. EFFECT OF THE "PHYTOMAG" ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATURATION-AGING PROCESSES IN APPLE FRUITS DURING LONG-TERM STORAG

156

9. Port A., Duca M., Tabara O., Clapco S. TESTING FOR THE PRESENCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs) ON THE MOLDAVIAN FOOD MARKET

157

10. Radchenko E. INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF GUAR IN KRASNODAR AREA OF RUSSIA

158

11. Slischuk H., Volkova N., Zakharova O., Pikash E., Korchmaryov A. Robbsia andropogonis MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS MARKERS DESIGN USING BIOINFORMATICAL APPROACHES

159

12. Stratulat T., Cadar O., Popa A., Gusan A. ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb AND Hg) CONTENT IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

160

13. Vollmann J., Watanabe D., Sagara T., Pachner M., Lošák T. SOYBEAN BREEDING FOR IMPROVED FOOD SAFETY AND HEALTH VALUE

161

14. Filipov F., Robu T., Vodă A.D. MODERN TECHNIQUES OF STRESS WATER IDENTIFICATION FROM LANDS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES OF OILSEEDS OR LEGUMES

162

15. Brezeanu C., Robu T., Brezeanu P. M., Ambăruş S., Vodă A. AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DIVERSE Phaseolus GERMPLASM COLLECTION IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS

163

List of authors

164

Participations at the congress 168

17

BIODIVERSITY AND GENETIC RESOURCES

18

Biodiversity and genetic resources

GENETIC DIVERSITY, BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOME WALNUT GENOTYPES

Ion AGAPI

"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova

Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is the most widespread tree nut in the world. There is a great diversity of genotypes differing in forestry, productivity, physical and chemical nut traits. Using a range of methodologies, from morphological markers to the most recent advances in genome analysis, many genetic studies of walnut have been conducted during the past years, including examination of diversity, determination of relationships within or among germplasm collections and populations, phylogenetic and origin elucidation, genetic map construction, and biotic or abiotic stress investigations. The genetic improvement of walnut has undergone great evolution. Some of them have been evaluated as promising and may serve as germplasm sources for breeding. Germplasm diversity is commonly evaluated with the help of morphological descriptors. This is usually the first step in classifying and describing germplasm and in studying heritability of traits for a new breeding program and selection of superior genotypes.

The nutritional importance of the nut is related to the seed (kernel). It is a nutrient-dense food mainly owing to its oil content, which can be extracted easily by screw pressing and consumed without refining. Walnut oil composition is dominated largely by unsaturated fatty acids. Phenolic compounds, present at high levels in the seed coat but poorly extracted with the oil, is extensively characterised and found to possess strong antioxidant properties. The oil extraction residue is rich in proteins and is employed in the formulation of various functional food products. Walnuts can nourish brain cells to improve human memory. Currently, there is an immense interest on identification of active constituents from walnut and screening those active compounds for pharmacological activities.

Tree nut oils are primarily composed of triacylglycerols, but also contain diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols, free fatty acids, and other minor components, including natural antioxidants and fat-soluble vitamins. The chemical composition of edible fats and oils largely determines their stability, quality, nutritional value, sensory properties, and potential health effects. Tree nuts, in many cases, provide rich sources of food lipids; up to 75% lipid on a weight basis. Generally, tree nuts are rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, predominantly oleic acid, but contain much lower amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic acid and small amounts of saturated lipids. In many parts of the world, tree nuts are cultivated for use as oil crops and are important sources of energy and essential dietary nutrients as well as phytochemicals. Plant breeding has always impacted food production and played a vital role in improving human nutrition. However, this has also increased uniformity within the world’s agricultural crops, contributing to increased genetic vulnerability to biotic and abiotic stresses. For these reasons, it is important to understand better the impacts of modern plant breeding on genetic diversity. In the same way, intelligent management of this diversity could be of valuable assistance to breeders.

19


CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF ESTONIAN GARDEN PEA (Pisum sativum L. ssp. sativum convar. medullare Alef. emend C.O. Lehm.)

GENETIC RESOURCES

Külli ANNAMAA, Lea NARITS, Ingrid BENDER Estonian Crop Research Institute, Estonia

Garden pea breeding has been conducted in Estonia for over 95 years. During this

period 16varieties have been released by the Estonian Crop Research Institute (ECRI). Estonia is the northernmost region where breeding of garden peacontinues to this day. Long-term preservation of advanced cultivars, landraces and breeding lines of Estonian origin of agricultural crops is ensured at the Genebank.

Field trials aimed at characterization and evaluation of 11 varieties and breeding lines of garden pea ('Aamisepp', 'Herko', 'Looming', 'Valma', 'Ami', 'Erme', 'Jõgeva varajane 22', 'Tasuja', Virges', 'N 931', 'N 1064') were carried out at the ECRIin 2013-2015.

32 descriptors were assessed in accordance with evaluation methodology for pea genetic resources (Peas, 2006). Morphology of foliage and inflorescences were evaluated and disease resistance (Ascohytapisi, Erysiphepisi, Perenosporapisi, Uromyces ssp.) was estimated during the vegetation period. Earliness is one the most important breeding objective in Estonia. Growing period was shortest of variety 'Valma' – 96 days and the longest of 'Looming' – 110 days. Content of vitamin C and sugar were determined in fresh green peas at growing phase 77 (BBCH scale). The highest content was found in a variety ‘Valma’, 25-36m% and 3.5-5.8%, respectively. Other characteristics of pods and seeds were determined at the growing phase 99. The average length of pods of all tested varieties was 7.1 cm.Variety 'Looming' had the longest pods – 7.6 cm. The average number of pods per plant was 3.5, the highest was on breeding line 'N 1064' – 4.7. The average number of seeds per pod was 5.4, 'Looming' – 6.6. Number of ovaries per pod was as average 7.8, highest was on 'Looming' - 8.7. Average seed weight per plant was 5.3 g, highest was on 'N 1064' – 8.7 g. 1000 seeds weight varied from 244.8 g ('Virges') to 331.3 g ('Aamisepp'). Stem length varied from 31.3 cm ('Valma') to 109.3 cm ('Aamisepp'). Protein content of seeds was calculated on the basis of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen contents. All studied accessions werecharacterised by high protein content(>26%), highest was of 'Looming' – 31.2%.

References Peas (Pisum sativum L.) descriptors, 2006. State Priekuli Plant Breeding Institute.

20


NON-FOOD OILSEED PLANTS AS AN ALTERNATIVE RESOURCE FOR BIOFUEL PRODUCTION

Nilakshi BORAH1, Sergio MAPELLI2, Bithika CHALIHA1,

Siddhartha Proteem SAIKIA1 1North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Assam, India;

2Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Milan, Italy

Tested in the same habitat (Northeast India), 28 jatropha accessions showed a wide range of response. The morphological and physiological differences had no significant influence of seed weight (67-76 g/100 seeds). Oils yield with a mean value of 27.93% can be considered a medium yield for jatropha, with only few accessions had oil over 30%. However, differences were well evident in free fatty acids (1.4-28.7%), phorbol esters (1.1-4.3 mg/g oil), tocopherols (73.7-907.8 ng/mg oil) and unsaturated fatty acid (78.8-90.8%) content. The present data support studies to correlate genetic, morphological, physiological and biochemical traits in each genotype considered for future selection of ideotypes with low undesirable free fatty acids content and potential valorization of secondary oil products to enhancing economic viability and sustainability of the jatropha oil-based biodiesel chain.

21


Camelina sativa (L.) IN ASSAM: AGRONOMIC, PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS

Nilakshi BORAH1, Sergio MAPELLI2, Bithika CHALIHA1,

Siddhartha Proteem SAIKIA1, Incoronata GALASSO2 1North East Institute of Science and Technology, CSIR, Assam, India;

2Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Milan, Italy

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (family Brassicaceae) or false flax, a oil-seed plant, has been cultivated for centuries in temperate-climate belt of Europe, as summer crop. Camelina is gaining popularity due to its low input requirements and possibility of being used as a low greenhouse gas emission biofuel crop. Consecutive agronomic trials had been carried out in Assam, which is characterized by sub-tropical climate. Three genotypes were studied. Results have demonstrated that Camelina could grow and produce seeds in Assam only during the winter season (October to March) when precipitation was absent, and the temperature was comparable to that of spring-summer temperate European belt. We can infer that C. sativa had a high level of plasticity and ability to adapt in an area outside of its original habitat.

22


EVOLUTION OF THE NUMBER OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS REGISTERED FOR CULTIVATION IN ROMANIA

Alexandru BRAN1,2, Elisabeta SAVA2, Viorel ION1

1University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Romania; 2State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration, Romania

The first Romanian sunflower hybrids were created by Vrânceanu Alexandru-Viorel

and his team at the Research Institute for Cereal and Industrial Crops from Fundulea (in the present National Agricultural Research and Development Institute from Fundulea), and they were tested starting with 1968 by the State Commission for Variety Testing and Homologation from Romania (in the present State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration). The two sunflower hybrids were registered in 1971 in the Romanian Official Catalogue of the Varieties of Plant Species with the names of Romsun 52 and Romsun 53, and they were based on nuclear male sterility. These two sunflower hybrids opened the period of the “hybrid sunflower” in Romania and they were followed by creation and homologation of the sunflower hybrids based on cytoplasmic male sterility.

The next two sunflower hybrids were registered in 1974, while in the period 1975-1995, the number of the sunflower hybrids registered for cultivation in Romania varied between 4 and 13. In the period 1996-2006, the number of registered sunflower hybrids started to increase significantly, respectively it increased from 15 in 1996 to 118 in 2006.

In 2007, the year when Romania entered the European Union, the number of the registered sunflower hybrids decreased to 83, but starting with 2008 the number of the registered sunflower hybrids started to increase again significantly up to 280 in 2015. In the years 2016 and 2017, the number of the sunflower hybrids registered for cultivation in Romania was of 265.

Practically, starting with 2012, in Romania there was registered to be cultivated a number of sunflower hybrids more than 200. For a more realistic picture, it has to be taken into account, respectively it has to be added the sunflower hybrids homologated in one of the EU countries which can be cultivated in Romania as an EU country and which are put on the Romanian market by several companies.

23


EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON GRAIN YIELD AND QUALITY OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) VARIETY OF SALCEDO

Fikret BUDAK

Düzce University, Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops, Turkey

This study was conducted in order to determine to effect on yield and quality of kinoa Salcedo variety.

Field experiments were carried out in Ankara; 2015 growing seasons. The experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replications. In the study, 4 different nitrogen (N0: 0 kg ha-1, N1: 50 kg ha-1, N2: 100 kg ha-1 ve N3: 150 kg ha-1) and 4 different phosphorus fertilizer doses (P0: 0 kg ha-1, P1: 30 kg ha-1, P2: 60 kg ha-

1 ve P3: 90 kg ha-1) applied. In the study, grain yield and grain protein ratio were investigated. As a result of study, the highest grain yield (1627,17 kg ha-1 ) were obtained from (N3-P3) fertilizer doses and the lowest grain yield (903,98 kg ha-1) were obtained from (N0-P3) fertilizer doses. The highest crude protein ratio (16,80 %) was obtained from N3- P3 , the lowest crude protein ratio (11,51%) was detected from control (N0-P0) plots.

Key words: Quinoa, nitrogen, phosphorus, grain yield, quality

24


SCREENING COMMON BEAN (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GERMPLASM FOR Fe AND Zn BIOFORTIFICATION

Leonardo CAPRONI1, Lorenzo RAGGI1, Elise F. TALSMA2,3, Luis G. SANTOS 2,

Javier M. GEREDA2, Luis F. LONDOÑO2, Peter WENZL2, Steve BEEBE2, Valeria NEGRI1

1Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science (DSA3), University of Perugia, Italy;

2International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia; 3Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University and Research, The Netherlands

Among Plant Genetic Resources for Agriculture, landraces are excellent genetic

materials for developing new varieties. Due to their genetic diversity, these populations have maintained potentially useful alleles for increasing valuable traits in crops. A diet mostly relying on pulses as source of proteins could not guarantee a proper intake of mineral such as iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn). Fe and Zn deficiency can lead to serious medical conditions, especially in developing countries. Biofortification is regarded as a sustainable and an effective approach to cope with such a form of malnutrition. Common bean, the most widely used pulse in the world, shows varying concentrations of Fe and Zn, but also of anti-nutritional compounds such as phytates (phytic acid, InsP6, and its derivatives, InsP5 and InsP4), which reduce absorption of Fe and Zn. Exploring the variability for these compounds is the first step towards biofortification of common bean. The aims of our work were: (i) to explore the diversity of a group of landraces for Fe, Zn and phytate content to identify donor accessions for biofortification traits; (ii) to identify genome regions and alleles for high Fe and Zn bioavailability. In 2017, a collection of 192 pure lines ‒developed at the University of Perugia, using a Single-Seed Descent approach and starting from 179 landraces and 13 cultivars ‒ was grown in isolation, using a randomized partially replicated design and a standard compost. A total of 222 seed samples were harvested and analysed for Fe, Zn and phytates. For each sample, fine flour was obtained using zirconium oxide grinding balls and Teflon capsules. Fe and Zn quantification was carried out using X-Ray Fluorescence while phytates were extracted, purified by ion-exchange chromatography and quantified using spectrophotometry. According to our results, the collection showed high level of diversity for these traits. The concentration of Fe ranged between 38.4 and 93.7 mg/kg (average CV 0,9%), while Zn was between 18.9 and 53.4 mg/kg (average CV 2,3%). Phytate concentrations ranged from 4.8 to 19.9 mg/g, with an average of 12.0 mg/kg. The average coefficient of variation between duplicates was 2.7%, demonstrating a high reproducibility. DNA extracted from each line phenotyped in 2017 will be genotyped for subsequent association studies.

25


THE OPTIMUM MILK THISTLE CROPS SCHEME FOR TRANSNISTRIA CONDITIONS

Nina CHAVDAR, Alexander RUSHCHUK, Denis SHAYKHILOV

Pridnestrovian State University named by T.G. Shevchenko, Republic of Moldova

Milk thistle seeds (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) have an unique chemical composition: oil content – 32 %, protein 25-30 %, celluloses – 26 %, macrocells: calcium, potassium, magnesium and also minerals: copper, manganese, zinc, chrome, iodine, selenium, flavonoids which enter practically all hepatoprotective medicines: legalonum, carsil, silymarin, silimar, livesil, sibectan and others. The plant has also medicinal, food, cosmetology value.

To establish optimum crop schemes for region conditions. To define milk thistle sort «Argintiu», selected by Moldova Institute of genetics and

physiology of plants, productivity at various crops schemes. Crop schemes were studied in 2016-2017 in following experience options: 1 option -

15х10 cm; 2 option - 30х10 cm; 3 option - 45х10 cm; 4 option - the 60х10 cm, 5 option - 90х10 cm.

Various crop schemes influenced on bush structure. Plant height averaged 146 cm at crop scheme 15x10 cm whereas in other four options this indicator was at the level of 170-175 cm in two years.

The number of first order sprouts in the first option was twice less, than in the fifth: 2,2 and 4,4 respectively. The indicator was identical in the second, third and fourth options and has averaged 3,3 – 3,4 sprouts/plant.

The quantity of inflorescences changed in inverse proportion to plants density: 3,3; 4,4; 5,7; 5,9; 6,4 pieces from first to fifth option respectively.

The seed productivity changed considerably. A reliable decrease in productivity followed with increase in plants alimentation area in 2016 (least significant difference equal to 4,0 c/hectare).

The productivity decreased from 33,5 c/hectare at crops scheme 15х10 cm to 7,4 c/hectare – at 90х10 cm crop scheme. The similar regularity was observed in 2017. At least significant difference equal to 4,3 c/hectare, it decreased from 32,0 c/hectare at the crops scheme 15х10 cm to 7,5 c/hectare – at 90х10 cm crops scheme.

The 15х10 cm of milk thistle crops scheme is the most optimum for region conditions, it corresponds to 660 thousand plants /hectare.

26


PHYSICAL MUTAGENESIS AS A METHOD OF INITIAL MATERIAL CREATION FOR SESAME SELECTION

Nina CHAVDAR, Alexander RUSHCHUK

Pridnestrovian State University named by T.G. Shevchenko, Republic of Moldova

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is one of the highest of oil content among of oil-bearing crops. Seeds contain about 63 % of the semi-drying oil, up to 19 % of protein, up to 17,5 % of soluble carbohydrates. Sesame is an introducent for Moldova.

This thermophilic african plant has a long vegetative period and not always ripened in our region. Seeds wide use in confectionery, food, pharmaceutical industry exclusively in the form of import raw materials and also climate aridization of our region are the most relevant cause of carrying out of selection work on creation of sorts for our conditions.

Creation of initial material for sort selection adapted for our climatic zone cultivation. To receive no more than 140-145 days length of vegetative period forms; with a

dense arranged boxes, first order upright sprouts, poorly fall downed seeds, highly productive.

A collection unknown origin sample of sesame from the Republican botanical garden (Tiraspol) used as initial material.

The sample was characterized by very low productivity - 0,58–5,4 c/hectare, 100–110 cm height of plants, 30-80 strongly cracked boxes and fall downed seeds when ripened.

Mutant material was received by 60Со radiation of seeds in 2012. Sixth generation (M6) mutant forms were tested in 2017. They have a 129 - 134 days vegetative period length, a dense arranged boxes (up to 7,2 pieces on 10 cm of sprout length), 13 first order upright sprouts, 320-650 boxes/plant, high efficiency – 50,7-98,9 g of seeds/plant.

Mutant forms surpass of initial sample indicators in a complex of signs. A physical mutagenesis use with the subsequent individual selection allowed to

receive a number of complex valuable sign mutants of sesame which can be used in selection of sorts for our region.

27


EX SITU CONSERVATION OF OILSEED PLANT RESOURCES IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN (INSTITUTE), REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Nina CIOCARLAN

"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Chisinau

Oilseed crops are major sources of edible oil for human nutrition and for several industrial purposes. Besides the oilseed crops which dominate the international markets (palm, peanut, rapeseed, sunflower), many other minor oil-bearing plants such as mustard, flax, sesame are good resources of oil with potential applications in food, cosmetic, agricultural and pharmaceutical industries.

The aim of this study is mobilization, research and conservation of some promising oilseed plants (Linum usitatissimum L., Sesamum indicum L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Sinapis alba L., S. nigra L., Ricinus communis L., Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt.) in the Botanical Garden (Institute) from Chisinau, Republic of Moldova. The plants were obtained from seeds through international seed exchange and are maintaining in the experimental fields of Medicinal plant collection. The research activities are focused on biological characterization of existing germplasm and its conservation for further investigations in order to identify high yielding genotypes with improved quality and disease resistance.

Oilseed plants involved in this study are annual, herbaceous species cultivated mainly for their protein-rich seeds and edible oil. But it is not insignificant their health benefits and therapeutic potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hypoglycaemic and anticancer agents, making them very important in future drug development.

Climate and soil conditions of the Republic of Moldova are favorable for species involved in this research, the fact that leads to the opportunity for crop diversification at local level. All studied species were propagated by seeds sown in early spring (L. usitatissimum, C. tinctorius, S. alba, S. nigra), third decade of April (R. communis) and first decade of May (S. indicum). Perilla frutescens plants were propagated by seedlings grown in heated greenhouses and transplanted into open ground in the second or third decade of May depending on climatic conditions. The monitoring of experimentally grown plants under ex situ conditions revealed high adaptive potential, demonstrated by the realization of the entire ontogenetic cycle. They pass consecutively all ontogenetic phases, being observed a normal vegetative growth and a successful transition to the generative stages. The phenologic observations conducted over several years showed excellent plant growth with high vegetative expansion, abundant flowering and high quality seed production.

Ex situ conservation maintain the investigated oilseed plants in healthy controlled conditions and facilitates access to the germplasm for breeders and farmers interested in their cultivation on a large scale. The future objective is enriching the existing gene pool of multipurpose plants, including oilseeds, for further utilization in breeding and research programs.

28


STORAGE POTENTIAL OF WHEAT COLLECTION ACCESSIONS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF EX SITU CONSERVATION

Liudmila CORLATEANU, Victoria MIHAILA, Anatolie GANEA

Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Principal condition of the ensured ex situ conservation of the germplasm in plant gene banks includes the need to maintain seed viability and physiological quality, and to minimize their aging rate. In order to guarantee high storage potential (SP) of seeds, it is essential to create the correct storage conditions for maintenance of the initial germinability. For determination of SP of seeds, gene banks use the accelerated aging test (AA) of seeds involving incubation of seeds under the increased temperature and humidity. With this test it is possible to identify accessions unsuitable for long-term storage, and also to give recommendations with regard to the terms of reproduction of the seed material.

Purpose of these investigations was to study morphophysiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seeds and seedlings (Triticum aestivum L.) after the conduction of AA-test.

After performance of AA of the soft wheat seeds, the reduction of values of morphophysiological parameters was observed as compared to the control. By the level of decrease of seed germinability, the genotypes split up into 3 groups. The 1st group of genotypes: Moldova 5; Moldova 5 improved; Moldova 5 x Moldova 76 (germinability decreased by 23.0-33.0%); the 2nd group: Moldova 77; Dumbravitsa; Avantaj (germinability decreased by 44.0-47.0%); the 3rd group: Moldova 11; Plai; Talisman (germinability decreased by 55.0-70.0%). The decrease of morphophysiological parameters (length and number of rootlets, fresh biomass of rootlets) in the genotypes of the 1st group after AA of seeds was 3.0-38.0%; 2.0-12.0% and 12.0-50.0%, respectively, as compared to the control. These seeds had higher SP. Seeds of the genotypes of the 2nd group showed the decrease of these parameters after AA-test of seeds by 29.0-35.0%; 5.0-7.0% and 14.0-39.0%, respectively, as compared to the control. The values of these parameters in the genotypes of the 3rd group decreased by 31.0-42.0%; 4.0-8.0% and 8.0-68.0%, respectively, as compared to the control.

Electrical conductivity of test solutions with the aged seeds of different genotypes increased at the beginning of the experiment by 7.0-26.0% at the average as compared to the control, and after the severe thermal stress, this increase was 7.0-25.0% as compared to the control. These results comply with the literature data on the increase of electrical conductivity of seeds after AA of seeds. This parameter is often used as a test for assessment of SP of seeds. By the content of peroxidase enzyme in the seedling rootlets after AA of seeds, the significant increase of this parameter was observed as compared to the control that is characteristic under the influence of thermal stress. The enzyme content in test variants was higher as compared to the control by 44.0% at the average, depending on the genotype.

With the help of AA-test of seeds, storage potential of collection accessions of Triticum aestivum L. was evaluated that is an important characteristic of seed material under the ex situ conservation.

29


LEGUME LANDRACES FOR A SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: INTERCROPPING COMMON BEAN-MAIZE, A CASE STUDY

Antonio M. De RON

Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG), National Spanish Research Council (CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain

Mixed cropping of two or more species is the most common form of production in

areas where subsistence agriculture is the norm. Such systems are complex and frequently include legumes and cereals. Most agricultural research has focused on pure stand farming systems; therefore, there is a lack of research in mixed cropping, probably because in developed agriculture mixtures become more difficult to manage in the field, particularly when mechanization is introduced in extensive agriculture. However, some possible advantages of mixtures could be to produce more yield than when the component crops are grown separately because of a more efficient utilization of environmental resources, and better control of weeds, pests or diseases. It must also be emphasized that there could be some disadvantages of intercropping such as yield decrease of each individual crops due to competitive effects. The common bean is the third most important food legume crop worldwide (surpassed only by soybean and peanut) and it is the first one for direct human consumption. Beans are consumed mainly as a dry food legume, due to the high protein content of the grain, but the use of the fresh pod (snap bean) is common in many countries.

The warm-season intercropping system of common bean and maize has been a common practice in Mesoamerica and South America, as well as in the south of Europe (Spain and Portugal). Sole cropping provides more seed in each cycle and allows better discrimination between varieties. Intercropping has less insect attack and the small farmer of limited resources often seems to have a strong preference for it. Therefore, the final product of a selection program in a specific system under these environmental conditions could be well adapted to both systems. The yields in an intercropping system are estimated by the ‘Land Equivalent Ratio’ (LER): the ratio of the area under sole cropping to the area under intercropping needed to give equal amounts of yield at the same management level, i.e. the sum of the fractions of the intercropped yields divided by the sole-crop yields. This index compares the productivity of the two cropping systems within a growing season or agrosystem using the formula: LER = La + Lb = Ya/Sa + Yb/Sb; where, La and Lb are the individual partial LERs for each crop, Ya and Yb the individual crop yields in intercropping and Sa and Sb the crop yields in sole crop. In most cases, researchers found that in the association of maize and bean the yield of both crops is affected by intercropping although maize yield is generally affected much less than that of bean. Some researchers reported LER values ranging 0.84-1.04 in intercropping of common bean and field maize in different environments in Spain and other researchers found LER values > 1.0 in Algeria, that support the advantage of this cropping system. Additionally, some observations indicate that it may be possible to increase both the symbiotic N-fixation and the seed yield through plant breeding in intercropping, a positive conclusion about the mixture of common bean and maize.

30


COMPARATIVE GENETIC DIVERSITY STUDIES USING RAPD MARKERS

Rodica MARTEA, Elena CERNOLEV, Lidia DENCICOV

"Dimitrie Cantemir" State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

DNA markers usefulness in breeding strategies has been limited by technical considerations. The plant breeding programs effectiveness has increased considerably due to selection through molecular markers. Over phenotypic markers used as standard by breeders, molecular markers have a great advantages because it reveal genetic variability, not influenced by environmental activity and facilitates their use in genetic and phylogenetic analyzes.

The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fingerprinting method is random DNA fragments amplification carried out by PCR, using of arbitrary nucleotide single primers sequence that is simple, less expensive and have rapid ability of extensive polymorphism DNA detecting.

The RAPD-PCR analysis can provide the essential information for genetic sampling development, germplasm study, conservation and breeding assisted by molecular markers.

In this paper RAPD-PCR technology by 45 primers was used to analyze the genetic structure of six different plant species: crops (Helianthus annuuus, Cucumis sativus) and medicinal and aromatic plants (Mentha spicata, Salvia sclarea, Hypericum perforatum and Origanum vulgare).

The results obtained showed different levels of inter- and intraspecific variability and the RAPD primers efficacy in genetic structure analysis of various plant species. Thus, among the tested primers, 32 proved useful results of amplification to characterize these species, 13 primers - amplified genotypes of one species and 19 - amplified the genotypes in two or three of the species included in the study. Whereas 13 primers were excluded due to the absence of amplification or to the amplification of the same single fragment in all samples.

The highest molecular polymorphism has been revealed to RAPD-PCR analysis with eight primers (OPA2, OPA9, OPB10, OPG5, OPK17, OPH15, P37, P28). Five of them (OPA2, OPA9, OPB10, OPG5, OPK17) highlighted significant genetic variability at S. sclarea, H. perforatum and O. vulgare. Primer OPH15 showed activity in S. sclarea, O. vulgare and H. annuuus plant species. P37 are specific for H. annuus, C. sativus and M. spicata. RAPD primers P36, P44, P48, P49 showed an amplification products yield on 2 species of plants (C. sativus and M. spicata) and OLIGO-A1, OLIGO-A2, UBC215, UBC250 RAPD primers have been highlighted on S. sclarea and O. vulgare.

The most informative RAPD primer with a maximum number of amplified bands and emphasized polymorphism at S. sclarea was UBC250, at H. perforatum OPA9, at O. vulgare - UBC215, at M. spicata P37, at C. sativus - P28, P44 and P2 at H. annuus respectively.

Generalizing the obtained data can conclude that genetic analyzes with RAPD markers highlighted the genetic high heterogeneity, shows high variability of breeding material by number of sites, size and content.

31


OIL FROM Juniperus sabina L. FOR BIOLOGICAL PESTS CONTROL

Dina ELISOVETCAIA1, Raisa IVANOVA1, Jan BRINDZA2 1Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova;

2Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Republic of Slovakia

Conifers are the important source for the extraction of essential oils possessing higher biological activity against pests and pathogens. At the present time, preparations from oil of Siberian fir – Abies sibirica Ledeb. (Pinaceae) are developed and registered, which are used as immunomodulators to increase plant resistance to diseases. Along with oil from A. sibirica in the world practice the essential oil from various species of junipers, including juniper Cossack, has been widely used. It is well known that essential oil from the fresh or dried Juniper berries as well as needles of the Juniperus plant species are a powerful detoxifier and immune system booster. Juniper berries have a high content of polyphenolic antioxidants possessing the strong activities for free radicals scavenging.

One of the promising species of Conifers in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova and Slovakia is the Savin juniper – Juniperus sabina L. (Cupressaceae). The species is native for Slovakia. It is typically growing in mountains at altitudes of 1,000-3,300 m ASL. Origin of species Juniperus sabina is mountains of central and southern Europe and western and central Asia, from Spain to eastern Siberia. In the Republic of Moldova this specie was introduced into the culture and at the moment it is successfully growing and reproducing for decorative purposes. Savin juniper is growing rapidly and well rooted cuttings. Despite the fact that plants of J. sabina is damaged by some types of insects, however, they do not cause significant harm to plantings. Concerning to diseases, Savin juniper is susceptible to rust Gymnosporangium sabinae (Dicks.) G.Winter. At the same time, the Cossack juniper gives an annual increase from 10 to 35 cm, which is trimmed for ornamental purposes. Therefore, without sacrificing plantations, J. sabina could serve as a source for obtaining raw materials.

We obtained essential oil from the shoots and young twigs of the plants of the Savin juniper, which grows in the Republic of Moldova and Slovakia. Extraction oil from plant raw materials was performed according to a hydrodistillation method. Depending on the technological extraction parameters, from 1.0 to 3.1 ml of essential oil from needles and from 1.5 to 3.8 ml of essential oil from berries (from 100 g dried plant materials in the recount of the absolutely dry weight of the raw materials) was obtained from the J. sabina. As a results the insecticidal, repellent and deterrent activities was established against same species of insects – larvae and imago of (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), imago of Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and larvae of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae).

The work was carried out within the framework of the International Visegrad Fund for scholarship and research internships, application number 51700164.

https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jacquelin_du_Val&action=edit&redlink=1

32


INVENTORYING AND COLLECTING OF THE LANDRACES OF THE OIL AND PROTEIN CROPS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Anatolie GANEA


Under current conditions of agricultural production associated with the global climate changes and significant anthropogenic impact on agrophytocenosis, the importance of using genotypes with the wide spectrum of adaptation potential increases. From this perspective, the point of real interest is the landraces of cultivated crops, which have been traditionally grown on farms and have undergone multiple cycles of artificial selection for productivity and resistance.

The matters of inventorying and collecting of the plant genetic resources for food and agriculture constitute an important part of the gene bank activities. In this aspect, over the years the Laboratory of plant genetic resources conducts complex studies aimed at the evaluation of the current state of local plant landraces cultivated in all natural-climatic zones of the country. For this purpose, survey expeditions to rural settlements are performed along with GPS-positioning of farms, identification of the traditions and practices of cultivation of agricultural crops and collecting of accessions for their evaluation and long-term conservation in gene bank.

As a result of conducted work, it was revealed that in spite of domination of modern cultivars and hybrids among the crops grown by farmers, there still remains a certain share of local landraces of different plant species. This is characteristic mainly for small farms and household plots, and the obtained products constitute an auxiliary (sometimes, essential) source of food welfare of population. Among the pulse crops, the most preferred are common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). Other species of cultivated plants are less common and include chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L.), pea (Pisum sativum L.), grass pea (Lathyrus communis L.), common sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and only rarely - lentil (Lens culinaris Medik), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). Various species of the Tagetes genus are often grown for decorative purpose.

Bean landraces, the seeds or beans of which are widely used for food, are notable for significant genetic diversity in shape, size and colour of the seeds, and manifestation of quantitative traits of productivity and resistance. Populations of landraces of different maize varieties are grown and maintained on some farms, and yankee maize forms are the most preferred for preparation of flour used to cook a traditional national dish mamaliga.

It should be noted that the second half of the past century was marked by the severe genetic erosion of the landraces of agricultural crops. Due to the absence of special equipment for long-term conservation of the gene pool, a certain part of the germplasm was irretrievably lost and the other part was transferred to the collection of the Vavilov Institute of Plant Industry.

Expeditionary material collected by us is subjected to field and laboratory evaluation, is registered and included in the national collection of the plant genetic resources of Moldova.

33


ASSESSMENT OF PHENOTYPIC AN GENETIC DIVERSITY IN MAIZE INBRED LINES

Vladimir GRIBINCEA

Institute of Crops Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

In hybrid maize breeding, information on genetic diversity and heterotic groups is very useful in inbred line development and evaluation for planning crosses for hybrid cultivar development. The classification of inbred lines into different heterotic groups is an important task in any breeding program.

The present investigation was undertaken with a view to: i). estimate the phenotypic and genetic diversity in 38 maize inbred lines developed from commercial hybrids, ii). their classification into existing heterotic groups and iii). highlighting the high yielding crosses between lines.

The phenotypic diversity was determined by calculating the Euclidean distance between the lines based on 22 quantitative and qualitative traits, and the classification of inbreds into heterotic groups was performed using the Ward method of cluster analysis. The genotypic diversity was assessed by the effects of general and specific combining abillities.

The Euclidean distance between lines ranged from 5.21 to 9.28. Observed inbred lines were grouped into 6 clusters, which predominantly correspond to the Lancaster (A619, Mo17), BSSS (MK390 and B73) and Iodent (MK01) heterotic groups. The 11 inbred lines were included into the Mo 17 germplasm group, the 7 inbreds - into A619 heterotic group, the 3 samples were asigned into MK390 heterotic group and a number of 5-6 inbred lines were classified into B73 and MK01 heterotic groups. For 6 lines, the germplasm group was not identified. They have formed a particular cluster located between the Lancaster-Mo17 and Iodent groups, and it is possible that they are recombinant genotypes between these groups.

Based on the effects of the specific combining ability into Mo17 heterotic group the 6 lines were grouped, in the MK390 heterotic group - 2 inbred lines, in the A 619 germplasm group -3 inbreds and the 4 inbred lines were classified in the MK01 heterotic group. For the other lines (52.0%) the heterotic group, determined on the basis of SCA effects, did not correspond to that based on morphological markers. The correlation coefficient between the Euclidean distance and the SCA effects was insignificant (r = 0.3). It seems that both methods represent the distinct tools for diversity analysis.

In each heterotic group by diallel analysis the genotypes with high GCA effects were noted and based on the high SCA effects the 8 high yielding crosses were performed, that corresponding to the Iodent - Lancaster, BSSS-Lancaster and Iodent - BSSS heterotic patterns. The results will allow for more accurate use of the genotypes in the breeding programs for new maize inbred lines and high performance maize hybrids development.

34


ECONOMIC VALUE OF THE LEGUMINOUS PLANT SPECIES Anthyllis macrocephala, Astragalus cicer, Coronilla varia AND Glycyrrhiza glabra

IN MOLDOVA

Ana GUŢU, Victor ŢÎŢEI, Alexandru TELEUŢĂ "Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova

The Fabaceae species are of great ecological importance due to their capacity to fix

biological nitrogen by symbiotic associations, improve the physical properties of soil, form a large amount of organic raw material for various industries and, besides, they are an important source of food and feed protein. Considering the limited material and technical resources in the Republic of Moldova, the efficient use of the biological potential of the perennial leguminous plants that are adapted to the specific climatic conditions becomes more and more relevant. The local ecotype of the species Anthyllis macrocephala, Astragalus cicer, Coronilla varia and Glycyrrhiza glabra maintained in monoculture on experimental land in the NBGI, served as objects of study. After the phenological observations, it was found that, in the first growing season, the growth and development rates of the investigated perennial species was slower in comparison with Medicago sativa. By the end of the growing season, they reached the flowering stage and their green mass could be harvested only once, the green mass yield varied from 0.99 to 1.59 kg/m2, with high content of leaves (68-78 %), it can be used for hay or grazing. In the following years, these species started growing differently; Coronilla varia started 4-6 days earlier than Medicago sativa, but the other species 10-14 days later. The species Anthyllis macrocephala and Coronilla varia were characterized by intensive growth and development rates, which made possible to harvest them in the second half of May as well as Medicago sativa, but Astragalus cicer and Glycyrrhiza glabra reached the stage of flower bud formation in the second half of June, this characteristic would ensure a permanent provision of green fodder for animals. The green mass yield (first mowing) varied from 2.41 to 4.38 kg/m2. 100 kg green mass contained 20- 27 nutritive units, 222- 293 MJ metabolizable energy, a nutritive unit was provided with 130-144 g digestible protein. It was found that the investigated species were characterized by an optimal content of essential amino acids. Astragalus cicer and Glycyrrhiza glabra fodder was rich in lysine, isoleucine and leucine, but Anthyllis macrocephala contained the same amount of methionine, isoleucine, leucine, valine and threonine as Medicago sativa.

The harvested green mass of the studied species can be used as biogas substrate, with carbon nitrogen (C/N) ratios 19 - 23, the gas forming potential reached 501-567 litre/kg VS with 52-53 % methane.

The investigated species are an important nectar source for many insects (bees and entomophagous insects) and they are excellent plants to prevent erosion on grass-covered slopes and any areas with loose soil, and for reseeding and increasing the economic value of grasslands.

35


MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A COLLECTION OF SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) ACCESSIONS CULTIVATED

IN TUNISIA

Taoufik HOSNI1-2, Sana MDIMAGH1, Noura Omri BENYOUSSEF1, Hamadi Ben SALAH1, Mohamed KHARRAT1

1Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), University of Carthage - Tunisia;

2Faculty of Science of Bizerte, University of Carthage- Tunisia

The present work was conducted to study the morphological variability of a population composed of 33 sunflower accessions (Helianthus annuus L.) of which 26 are collected in the cultivation areas of northern Tunisia and 7 introduced from abroad. The evaluation covered 16 quantitative parameters according to the descriptors of International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).

Variance analysis showed highly significant differences between different sunflower accessions for all traits studied. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first two components absorb 54.43% of the total variability and define the genetic relationships between the accessions studied. The projection of the accessions on these two axes made it possible to define five distinct groups and revealed a great heterogeneity between the accessions. Thus, an efficient hybridization program can be initiated involving accessions belonging to various groups having morphological characters of interest.

http://www.upov.int/

36


QUALITY ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT ONION VARIETIES

Nesrin Rafael HUSEYNZADE Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute, Azerbaijan, Baku

This thesis aimed to study analysis of local and imported bulb onion variety

accessions. There were total 34 variety accessions studied, 2 local variety from Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute and 32 imported varieties. 34 sortname and country of origin: Local (Sabir and Hovsan); Turkey (Barakat, Mor Soghan, Beyaz soghan, Tekirdagh soghan, Casta, Beta Panko, Red Amposta, Betaki, Panko, Metan, Erkenci, Valenciana); Uzbekistan (Karatalskiy); Tajikistan (Peshpazak, Ispanskiy mestnıy, Mayskiy, Hissor); Ukraine (Khalchedon); America (Walla walla, Gırmızı bash soghan, Primero); The Netherlands (Red Baron, Shalot, Stardast, Rocardo); Spain (Sweet spanish yellow, Ispanyol beyaz soghan, Delfos); İtaly (Sarı Parma soghan, Lilia); Great Britain (Brown Pickling); India (Poona Red).

Onion is the second vegetable plant after tomato in the world. In spite of its use as food and economic value, genetic research of onion is behind than other plants.

Onion is considered a biennial plant of the family of Liliaceae and is one of the important vegetable plants in the world of about 55 million tons.

72 of the onion varieties are spread in the Caucasus. In the flora of Azerbaijan there are 52 onions varieties.

The bulb onion is well-known in Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and India 4,000 years ago.

The study was conducted on the local and imported varieties of bulbs. There were total 34 onion variety studied, 2 locals (Sabir and Hovsan) onion variety accessions for experiments have been collected from the Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute; imported bulb variety accessions from different countries.

The practice was held in Absheron – in an open environment. Sowing of local and imported varieties of bulbs was on 25.02.2017.

The lower dry matter in Sweet Spanish yellow (6,2%) and the highest dry matter in Poona Red (12,4%) in 2017. The lower nitrate was in Mor soghan (62 mg / kg) and the highest nitrate in Red Amposta (95,3 mg / kg) in 2017. Sugar content was measured the highest in Valenciana (9.71%) and Casta (9.71%) in 2017. The lowest sugar content was Red Amposta in 2017 (6.44%). On the other hand, vitamin C was predominant in Casta (9.37mg%) in 2017. Lower vitamin C content was found in Mor Soghan (6.50mq%) in 2017. Key words: onion, varieties, gene pool, local, nitrate, dry matter.

37


INCREASING OF THE INFORMATION ABOUT OIL CONTENT IN SEEDS (NMR-RELAXATION STUDY)

Marcela KISTOL, Alexandru BUDAK, Oleg KHARCHUK


The accumulation of oil by plant seeds is an important physiological and genetic indicator. Despite the fact that the determination of the oil content in seeds by the NMR method is enshrined in international standards (ISO 551, 1984, ISO 10565, 1998), this method is insufficiently applied in physiological and genetic studies. We have made an attempt to increase the informativeness of the NMR-relaxation method in evaluating seed oil content of different cultures.Using the NMR relaxation method, we showed that the maximum oil content (70%) is contained in the nuts of Júglans régia trees: this oil is characterized by the slowest decay of the NMR echoes, i.e. the maximum values of the spin-spin relaxation times T2 (81 ± 2 msec). The oil content (15-25% of the dry weight) in seeds of soybean Glycine max L. is significantly lower, while soybean oil is characterized by a relatively fast attenuation of NMR echo signals (T2 ≈50 msec). Intermediate parameters characterize the seeds of saffron Cárthamus tinctórius (oil content 33 ± 1%, T2 68 ± 3 msec). For comparison, the echo relaxation curves (registration in the time range of 7-63 msec by the Carr-Parcel method, at τ 3.5 msec between 180° - pulses) from protons of pure soybean oils (toluene extract from soybean seeds or refined oils) are characterized by a single exponential curve with T2≈60 msec.

When determining the oil content in soybean seeds (Amelina variety, 2017 harvest from the institute field), by the NMR relaxation method it was established that the oil content depended on the seed size. For Amelina variety in samples of different weights (60-80, 100-120, 140-160 and 160-180 mg), the oil content in seeds was 16.0 ± 0.5%, 17.7 ± 0.4%, 19.0 ± 0.3% and19.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. Thus, the oil content increases with seed weight increasing (up to 4-5% of dry weight with an increase in the weight of seeds from 50 to 200 mg). To increase the informational value of the data on the oil content of seeds in physiological and genetic studies, the value of the oil content in the seeds should be accompanied by an indication of the mass of the seeds in which the oil content was determined (for example, oil content 18.7 ± 0.9% in seeds with weight 140 ± 3 mg )

Conclusion. In scientific studies (to increase the informational value of oil content in seeds), the indication of the oil content in the seeds should be accompanied by an indication of the mass of the seeds.

38


BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NIGER (Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.) COLLECTION OF N.I. VAVILOV INSTITUTE (VIR)

Nina KON’KOVA

Federal Research Center the N.I.Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.I.Vavilov Institute (VIR) collection of (Guizotia abyssinica (L.F.) Cass.) consists

of 75 accessions from 8 countries. Niger is cultivated as an oil seed crop, used in foods and industry (industrial oil). The collection was studied on the basic biochemical characteristics such as oil content, protein content, fatty acid composition, and tocopherol (vitamin E) content. According to our research oil content ranged from 35.3 % to 38.9 %. Our research showed the palmitic acid content varying from 8.8% to 11.3%, stearic acid (5.7% - 8.4%), oleic acid (7.8% – 13.9%), linoleic acid (69.3% - 74.7%), linolenic acid (0.3% - 0,8%). Niger oil is characterized by high content of linoleic acid. Total tocopherol (vitamin E) content is 19.0 mg/100g. The α-tocopherol is 18.1 mg/100g, β + γ tocopherol is 0.9 mg/100g. The collection was grown in the Kuban Experiment Station, in the steppe zone of Krasnodar region. The vegetation period longitude was 103-108 days; height of plants was 114-138 cm, height of stem to the branches of first order was 10-18 cm, the number of branches of first order was 12-22, number of flowers on one plant was 115-172, weight of 1000 seeds was 3.3 gr. It is shown that Niger is the perspective oil crop for Southern regions of Russian Federation.

39


Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. VIR COLLECTION COMPREHENSIVE STUDY IN THE CONDITIONS OF NORTH-WEST

REGION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Nina KON’KOVA Federal Research Center the N.I.Vavilov

All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, Russia

Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz. is an annual plant of the family Brassicaceae. Camelina is an oilseed crop with great potential as a biofuel feedstock and high levels of beneficial fatty acids. The camelina VIR collection consists of 315 accessions, 223 accessions of Russian origin, 55 accessions from former Union republics and 37 accessions were received from General Banks of different European countries. Press cake is used in feed production, as it contains more than 45% protein and almost no glucosinolates (0.2 - 0.3%). Camelina press cake is used in animal feed production and in biological mineral and vitamin supplements production. Characteristics of the camelina oilseed crop were identified. It is shown that the use of Camelina to produce raw materials for biodiesel is considerably cheaper and environmentally friendlier compared to rapeseed. Biodiesel fuel was obtained from the oil of camelina, its physic-chemical characteristics were established. It is shown that synthesized biodiesel meets the requirements for this type of product. Camelina comprehensive study in the conditions of North-West region of Russian Federation showed the vegetation period variation from 72 to 93 days, plant height varies from 75 to 100 cm, the weight of the seeds collected from 1m2 is 150 - 200 g, weight of the seeds from one plant varies from 3, 2 to 4, 2 g. Camelina oil content amounts 37 - 43%, protein 25 - 30%. Fatty acid composition is characterized by palmitic acid content C16:0 (6, 79 – 8, 11%), stearic acid C18:0 (2, 26 – 2, 92 %), oleic acid С18:1 (16, 22 – 19, 64%), linoleic acid 18:2 (24, 31 – 29, 00%), linolenic acid C18:3 (24, 15 - 31, 21%), arachidonic acid C20:0 (1, 32 – 1, 70%), icosenic acid C20:1 (9,85 – 11, 54%), erucic acid C22:1 (1,26 – 1, 68%).

40


GENOTYPIC VARIATION OF OIL AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SEEDS OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa (L.) Crtz.)

Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA1, Nada GRAHOVAC1, Svetlana GLOGOVAC1,

Sandra CVEJIĆ1, Dragana MILADINOVIĆ1, Ankica KONDIĆ ŠPIKA1, Johann VOLLMANN2

1Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia 2University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria

Camelina sativa (L.) is an ancient oilseed crop that belongs to the Brassicaceae

family. Camelina’s adaptation to enormous areas of the world has resurfaced interestfor this crop, due to its unique oil composition of seed and attributes useful for the production of food. The oil of seed camelina has excellent nutritive value due to the abundance of essential fatty acids, while the meal is a high quality protein-rich component for animal feed. Additionally, camelina oil has a lot of potential benefits for human health and can be used as salad or cooking oil. Also, some reports point out that intake of camelina oil reduces cholesterol in blood serum. Evaluation of health-beneficial chemicals in camelina seed, such as oil and proteins, is important for the breeding.

This study was carried out to estimate the variability of oil and protein content in a collection of 20 camelina genotypes from different selections. A field experiment was conducted on the location of Rimski Šančevi (Vojvodina Province, Serbia or 45°20′N, 19°51′E, 87 m altitude). The protein and oil content of the camelina samples were analyzed by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). Cluster analysis was used to sort the genotypes according to the degree of similarity.

Significant differences were found for the investigated genotypes. Oil content ranged from 29.90% to 36.73%, with the mean of 33.22% and coefficient of variation (CV) 5.75%. Protein content ranged from 29.02% to 35.59% with average value of 32.84% and the CV of 5.91%.

The analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the genotypes in the investigated traits (p < 0.001). Cluster analysis indicated that camelina genotypes were grouped in three clusters, the first cluster with 6 genotypes, the second cluster with 11 genotypes was also the largest cluster containing two groups (consisted of 4 and 7 genotypes) and the third cluster with 2 genotypes. One genotype did not belong to any group. The tested techniques should be useful for selection and exploitation of camelina genotypes with desirable traits.

The considerable variability between the genotypes detected by the study indicates the possibility for an additional enhancement of the tested property.

These results suggest that camelina genotypes contain important health-beneficial chemicals and could be of great interest for camelina breeders.

This study was funded by the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and

Technological Development (project TR31025) and Serbian-Austrian bilateral cooperation project 451-03-01039/2015-09/42.

41


GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES FOR MORPHOLOGICAL AND QUALITATIVE ATTRIBUTES AMONG SPRING RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.) VARIETIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS OF TUNISIA

Sana MEDIMAGH1, Mouna MECHRI2, Mouna MASTOURI1 , Hamadi Ben

SALAH1, Khalil KHAMASSI1 1Field Crops Laboratory, National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia

(INRAT), University of Carthage, Tunisia; 2National Institute of Field Crops, Tunisia

Spring rapeseed is a new and promising oilseed crop for many region of Tunisia. It is

usually cultivated in a crop rotation including wheat and barley. This study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatments on

the agro-morphological traits of spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under rainfed conditions. The plant material used in this study consisted of seeds of four spring rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) varieties commonly used by farmers. These are PR45H72 (PR72), PR45H73 (PR73), Jura and Trapper. The experiment was assessed in a field experiment in a double factorial completely randomized bloc design, with three replications. The first factor was the variety, with four levels, and the second was the nitrogen fertilization rates, with six levels conducted under semi-arid environmental conditions. The traits investigated were plant height, number of branches and pods per plant, number of seed per pod, thousand seed weight, seed yield, oil and protein content.

Genotypes showed great variability for different morphological characteristics like plant height, and number of seed per pod as well as for yield. For oil content (%), fertilizer application of N did not significantly affect the seed oil content, but light decrease in seed oil content was associated with the highest rate of N. This study revealed that under 60 kg nitrogen rate, oil content was the highest, then significantly decreased under the higher nitrogen rates.

42


SOURCES AND PHENOTYPIC EXPRESSION OF A MAIZE CHARACTERTHAT RESULT IN MALE STERILITY

Alexandru MICU

Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

Maize nuclear male sterility (ms) was discovered by Eyster in 1921, maize cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) was discovered independently in 1931-1933 by Hadjinov and Rhoades. Apart from ms and cms (based on ms genes and interactions of recessive rf alleles) there are other 2 distinct genetic methods of obtaining male sterile phenotypes: ts1 and ts2 mutants and reduced tassel phenotype (tl).

The reduced tassels phenotypes, described abroad involves several defects, including damage of meristem (reduced height, reduced internode size, under-developed feminine inflorescence, reduced or missing tassel, modified leaves). The reduced tassel phenotype, studied and described in Moldova, represented only a reduction of tassels, with no other affection of the plant. The study involved sources originated from induced mutations and did not determined whether the phenotype can be propagated and perpetuated genetically.

A study of this phenotype was conducted in 2010-2017 within the collection of inbred maize lines, originated from 81 distinct sources (mainly of hybrid origin). The reduced tassel phenotype was observed and described in 19 distinct sources, all of whom were at stage 8 and more of inbreeding and represent a large diversity of main morphological characters (maturation stages – FAO 170-490, kernel consistency and color, other characters).

In order to determine the genetic origin, a thorough research was performed within one of identified sources. Reduced tassel phenotype was marked several times at stages VT-R1. Plants with reduced tassels were grouped in 6 phenotypic classes, were the first class (”grade 0”) was represented by plants with severely reduced tassels, sterile and the 6th class (”grade 5”) was represented by plants with normal tassels, completely fertile. The rest of classes contain plants with intermediary stages of reduced tassels, with different grades of male fertility.

Phenotypically the plants with reduced tassels from all sources represent same morphological modifications: from normal and fertile tassel to severe reduction of tassel and its branches with complete absence of pollen. No other morphological modifications to other plant parts were observed.

The result of this study is the identification of 19 distinct sources of reduced tassel phenotype can serve a solid base for further study and identification of precise genetic origin. The sources were selected from inbred lines with valuable ameliorative characters, with no defects.

43


BREEDING OF HIGH-YIELD SOYBEAN VARIETIES (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) BY THE «AgeSoya» COMPANY

Ruslan MONICH, Lyudmyla KOBA, Zhanna VDOVYCHENKO,

Magda SKÓRKA Scientific Research Center of Soya Development "AgeSoya", Poland

AgeSoya company specializes in soybean breeding and seed production. To create

new varieties, AgeSoya does not apply methods of genetic transformation of plants. In 2011, when the company started its activity in Poland, soybean crops occupied 200 ha as a whole in the country (GUS, 2011). By now, due to the active promotion of this crop by AgeSoya, the area under soybean grew to 30,000 ha in Poland.

The company's aim is to create high-yielding soybean varieties, adapted to environmental conditions and resistant to diseases, suitable for the food industry, with a high protein content. Varieties of AgeSoya breeding have a high yield potential (over 4 t / ha). The height of the attachment of a lower pod is10-20 cm, depending on the variety. Our varieties are resistant to lodging and to diseases. They have high protein content in seeds (35 – 45 %). They are resistant to cracking of pods and shedding of seeds. Most of the pods form 3-4 seeds. This feature allows to realize high variety productivity. The AgeSoya varieties have a light yellow seed coat throughout its thickness. This sign is important for the food industry. Currently, the company has 10 highly productive varieties, which are listed in the European variety register. Another 11 varieties undergo the testing procedure in the EU countries and 8 varieties are tested outside the EU.

In the climatic conditions of Poland at early stages of development, the sprouts of soybean suffer from low temperatures and are at risk of infection by pathogens. AgeSoya company initiated the idea of creating a biopolymer coat for seed protection during the germination period. The project BIOSOYCOAT is dedicated to the solution of this problem and has united 4 research organizations of Poland in the scientific consortium: Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation (Puławy), Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres (Łódź), Scientific Research Center of Soya Development „AgeSoya” Sp. z o.o. (Huta Krzeszowska), University of Rzeszów. The project was highly appreciated by the National Centre for Research and Development of Poland and received additional financing by the BIOSTRATEG program.

To implement the project BIOSOYCOAT our company offered to use 7 varieties: Annushka, Mavka, Violetta, Atlanta, Madlen, Lajma, Smuglyanka. These varieties are excelled in a number of valuable adaptive and economic features.

This research was supported by the National Centre for Research and Development

of Poland (project acronym: BIOSOYCOAT, duration of the project 2017-2020, contract no. BIOSTRATEG3/346390/4/NCBR/2017).

44


BIOCHEMICAL DIVERSITY OF WILD MINTS OF MOLDOVA

Elena PELEAH1, Victor MELNIC1, Ion UNGUREANU2 1State University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova;

2"Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova;

The local flora of Moldova represents a wide range of essential oil plants

synthesizing biologically active compounds. The main purpose of our research was identification of promising forms for breeding and use in medicine and pharmacology. In the course of investigation of genus Mentha we have analyzed the essential oil of some wildly growing ecotypes of M. arvensis L., M.x piperita L., M. longifolia (L.) Huds., M. spicata L. In medicine, it is mainly used M. piperita L. as a source of menthol. But among the wild mints, a significant diversity was revealed both in the component composition of the essential oil and in their quantitative ratio. Within the limits of each species, several chemorases were found, which differ in the composition of the essential oil.

The first group of chemorases synthesizes the terpenoid of the mentol group and accumulates it up to 25 - 75%. The amount of essential oil varies from 0,3% up to 3,5%. The second group accumulates 0,8-3,0% of essential oil with carvon as the main component and its quantity varies from 35% up to 75%. Menthol and carvon are well known as valuable medicines. The third group of chemoraces has an unusual smell and the essential oils showed a distinct chemical composition. The main components of this oils are non-ciclic terpenoides sach as citral, linalool, geraniol, citrinellol and others in different percentage. The chemotypes with flower-like or fruit-like scent are of interest and may be used in pharmacology, parfumary and as a culinary herb.

The attraction of wild species to inter-species crosses makes it possible to obtain hybrids with a diverse chemical composition of essential oil for various branches of the economy – food, medicine, cosmetics etc.

45


PRESENT SITUATION AND PERSPECTIVES OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES DOCUMENTATION SYSTEM IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Gabriela ROMANCIUC


Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) are considered, together with microbial and animal genetic resources, a world heritage, that need to be keep viable for future generation. (Faberova, 2010). The conservation and sustainable utilization of PGR play important role in the improvement and increasing of agriculture productivity, thereby contributing to national development and food security. Every country need to protect especially its original plant materials, such as local genetic resources as advance and old cultivars, breeding materials and crop wild relatives etc. In this context, the documentation of PGR needs a special attention. Documentation refers to completion, analysis, classification, storage and dissemination of information on PGR. This included the development of inventories of genetic resources existing in a country in order to identify gaps and unduplicated materials.

Republic of Moldova have been developed own National Inventory (NI) of PGR. The following institutions are involved in PGR activities: Botanical Garden (Institute), Porumbeni Institute of Plant Growing, Practical Scientific Institute of Horticulture and Food Technology (PSIHFT), Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (IGPhPP), Selectia Research Institute of Field Crops. The main activities regarding the protein and oil crops preservation are concentrated especially in the last two institutions. The coordinator of PGR conservation in the country is Laboratory of PGR (IGPhPP) that manages all activities in field of germplasm conservation. In order to strengthen PGR conservation, in this Laboratory has been developed information system ReGen. The main objective of ReGen is to integrate and monitor the available data on existing germplasm collections at the national level. It is important to mention that each collections holder institutions have own information system. However, in the absence of the National Programme for PGR, the interinstitutional collaboration in documentation area is very low. So, the most of information on germplasm collections from holder institutions is not included in ReGen. Only data on small part of the grapevines collection (119 accessions, that constitute 4,8%), fruit trees collections (279 accessions), including apple, apricot, cherry, pears, etc., received from PSIHFT and 310 maize accessions from Porumbeni Institute have been included in ReGen.

The analysis of the situation regarding the documentation system at national level allowed to highlight the following constraints on NI: there is no collaboration between all ex situ collections holder institutions and exchange of information practically does not exist; all relevant information on ex situ collections has no documented in the unique database; the lack of common standard format of PGR information; historical gaps in the stored information; insufficient well trained staff in documentation of PGR; insufficient financial resources for maintenance of database. In this context, it is necessary to develop an information-sharing mechanism at the national level, activity that will be managed and monitored by the competent authority on the legal base.

46


APPROBATION OF JAPANESE TECHNOLOGY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FOR OIL CROPS CULTIVATED

IN THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Eugen ROTARI Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", UASM, Republic of Moldova

There are three main seed-oil crops in Republic of Moldova (rape, sunflower and

soybean). These oils are an excellent raw material for biodiesel production. Today the main raw material for obtaining fuel is rock-oil. It should be noted, biodiesel is one of the main alternative fuels for transport systems of the world. For our country biodiesel production has both an ecological side and an aspect of energetic security.

By the chemical point of view, biodiesel is a mixture of monoalkyl esters of fatty acids derived from triglycerides through etherification of monohydric alcohols. According to modern technology for biodiesel production, using potassium or sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, glycerol is formed as a by-product, the further utilization of it provokes a lot of problems. Like a way for the problem solution of the utilization of glycerol the Japanese researchers from the Ryukyu University within the framework of the Jatropha Project program, proposed to use a charcoal as a catalyst to biodiesel production from jatropha oil. Using this technology admits to obtain a charcoal-glycerol mixt as by-product , which later can be used like a fertilizer.

Researchers from Crop Science Institute "Porumbeni" effected series of experiments to assess the possibilities of charcoal using as catalyst in biodiesel production from rape oil, sunflower oil and soybean oil. The results of the studies showed the biodiesel derived from the above seed oils corresponds completely with the EN14214 standard and can be used as а fuel.

Thus, the use of a charcoal as a catalyst for biodiesel production can be used for various oils obtained from the agricultural crops cultivated in Republic of Moldova.

.

47


A NEW APPROACH TO THE USE OF PROTEIN MARKERS IN THE PROCESS OF CORN BREEDING FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Eugen ROTARI, Alexandru ROTARI, Galina COMAROVA

Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", UASM, Republic of Moldova

The problem of creating drought-resistant corn hybrids of the local breeding is becoming during the past decades particularly relevant, because the increasing frequency of dry vegetation periods in the Republic of Moldova. By the reason, the Crop Science Institute "Porumbeni" has been implementing an institutional project since 2015 the main goal of it is creation an algorithm for selecting drought-resistant corn genotypes by the physiological and biochemical diagnostics for the creation of drought-resistant corn hybrids.

The methodological basis of the project is an interdisciplinary research scheme that combines the specifically of the physiological-biochemical and selection-genetic methods. Eight lines were selected by means of the developed algorithm. It should be noted that the selection of the lines was carried out using both physiological and biochemical diagnostics for drought resistance and electrophoresis studies on zein profiles for biological purity determination. During the algorithm working out, had been proposed the electrophoresis method using to predict optimal combinations of corn lines for creation stable hybrids by the coefficient of interlinear differences in the quantitative of the molecular zein's forms composition. This coefficient is proposed to be used for calculating by means of the electrophoretic spectra of two lines of maize, as potential parent forms of the hybrid combination. This way was used in 2017 for the selected 8 lines of maize with high drought resistance values by physiological and biochemical diagnostic evaluations. Calculations showed a high variation of this coefficient between selected corn lines, and make a possibility to use the proposed coefficient as a prognostic tool for execution a dialelic scheme of crossing that corn lines.

The obtained field dates will become both the completion of the verification phase of the algorithm, and also the final test of the new approach effectiveness of the using electrophoresis method in the process of corn breeding for drought tolerance.

48


POLYMORPHISM OF ESTERASES IN SEEDS OF SMALL RADISH (Raphanus sativus L.) FROM COLLECTION OF VIR

Angela RUDAKOVA1, Serghei RUDAKOV1, Anna ARTEMYEVA2,

Anna KURINA2, Nataliya KOCHERINA3, Yuriy CHESNOKOV3 1State University of Moldova, Republic of Moldova;

2Federal Research Centre N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Research Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg Russia;

3Agrophysical Research Institute, Russia

The isozyme composition of esterases in mature seed of 25 small radish genotypes (Raphanu ssativus L.) from the VIR collection was studied to identify possible parental forms, as well as the forms that are promising for breeding programs to increase the productivity of this important crop. Native electrophoresis followed by specific staining of the esterase zones and densitometric analysis of the zymograms revealed eight isoforms of esterases with molecular masses from 37.7 kD to 57.6 kD. Esterase zones 1-4 with a high molecular mass (57.6 kD-48.4 kD) have a low intensity in practically all samples. Zones 5, 6, 7 and 8 (with a lower molecular mass Мr = 45.5-37.7kD), on the contrary, were characterized by high intensity. Thus, in the small radish the most important in the biochemical plan are the zones of esterases with a lower molecular mass.By the composition of esterase isoforms, all the investigated genotypes were divided into 13 zymotypes (Gr.1-Gr.13). The esterase zones 7 (Mr = 39.7 kD) and 8 (Mr= 37.7 kD) are present in all zymotypes, i.e. they are monomorphic.The remaining 6 isoforms are characterized by polymorphism with a frequency of occurrence among zymotypes of 6.58% -14.47%. Zymotype Gr. 1 is most common among the investigated genotypes (24%) and is very promising for selection work, because the esterase complex of this zymotype is represented by 6 isoforms, of which 4 zones with low Mr are present in a significant amount.Three zymotype groups (Gr. 2, Gr. 3 and Gr. 4) have the same frequency of occurrence - 12%.The lowest frequency of occurrence is observed in the zymotypes of Gr. 6 - Gr. 13 (4%), each of which was represented by only one genotype.The results obtained make it possible to identify two samples representing the zymotype of Gr.5 as potential parental forms. They have a unique isozyme composition, represented by all eight isoforms of esterases, and also are valuableonimportant morphological and economic features.According to isozyme analysis, the heterozygosity of the population was calculated in each locus Hl and the general heterozygosity Hcom, as well as variance of heterozygosity Var(Hl) at one locus and variance of mean heterozygosity Var(Hcom) within thepopulation. The presence of eight isoforms makes esterases of mature small radish seeds a convenient biochemical marker, which can be used in physiological-biochemical and genetic-breedingstudies.

49


COLLECTIONS OF OILSEEDS AT THE INSTITUTE OF OILSEED CROPS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL

SCIENCES OF UKRAINE

Igor SHEVCHENKO, Viktor LYAKH, Kate VEDMEDEVA Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ukraine

The Institute of Oilseed Crops of the NAAS (IOC) is engaged in the creation of

varieties and hybrids of oilseeds cultivated in Ukraine and the studying the genetic control of their qualitative and quantitative traits. The most active genetic and breeding studies are conducted on sunflower, linseed, mustard, rapeseed, soy bean, safflower, ginger, castor bean. Studies are underway to develop and improve the methodological base for breeding, growing, cleaning and processing technologies. Considerable attention is paid to the work on conservation and replenishment of the genetic diversity of oilseeds.

More than 50 species are included in various collections of oilseeds. The general collection of the IOC, registered in the EURISCO catalog, contains about 2000 samples. From Ukraine, 1081 samples of the Helianthus genus are registered in it, 700 of which are maintained in the IOC. Other genera in this catalog include: Rícinus – 300, Glycine – 295, Línum – 174, Brassica – 98, Sésamum – 121, Cárthamus – 58, Arāchis – 20 samples, etc.

The base collections for sunflower, linseed and sesame, as well as genetic collections for sunflower and safflower, were created and registered at the National Center of Genetic Resources of Ukraine. For example, one of the registered collections, such as a genetic collection of morphological traits of sunflower, includes 71 samples and 34 studied genes.

At present, scientists of the IOC have created and registered in the Register of Plant Varieties of Ukraine 89 varieties and hybrids of oilseeds. Another 11 new ones are recommended for entering in 2018.

The main directions of breeding and genetic work are: the expansion of genetic diversity and the establishment of genetic control of sunflower traits; creation of linseed varieties with different fatty acid composition of oil for technical, food and medical use; breeding of Indian and white mustard varieties of spring and winter types as well as winter rape, including hybrid, adapted for cultivation in different growing conditions.

To solve the set tasks, the following methods are used: methods of induced mutagenesis, including in vitro; culture of anthers and microspores; methods of pollen selection; electrophoresis of seed storage proteins; assessment for resistance to abiotic factors in field and laboratory conditions; assessment for resistance to diseases and pests on a unique artificial infectious background in the field and in phytotron conditions.

50


FAT AND PROTEIN CONTENT IN SPRING RAPE SEEDS IN THE CENTRAL BLACK EARTH REGION OF RUSSIA

Dmitry SIBIRNY, Lyudmila SIBIRNAYA, Vladimir GORSHKOV

Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, All-Russian Rapeseed Research Institute, Lipetsk, Russia

Oilseed rape is a crop widely cultivated all over the world. Rapeseed is also a

valuable source of protein for the animal feed industry. Consequently, searching for high oil and protein content sources is highly important for rapeseed breeding. Therefore, in 2016-2017 159 variety samples of spring rapeseed from 16 countries have been researched in an effort to compare the content of crude fat and protein in the seeds.

In 2016, the rape seed oil content index varied from 42.0% (№1907, Russia) to 46.9% (VN-358, Russia). The average oil content among the collected samples was 44.16%, the standard deviation was 1.29%. In 2017, the oil level was lower than in 2016. The index varied from 39.2% (Beacon, Australia) to 44.7% (Mar 21, Ukraine). The average oil level among the samples was 41.77%, the standard deviation amounted to 1.12%. In 2016-2017, two samples had permanently high levels of fat in their seeds- Tavrion (Russia) and Kaliber (Germany) varieties.

In 2016, the protein level in rape seeds changed from 23.9% (Start, Russia) to 26.9% (Titan, Ukraine). The average seed protein content was 25.86% and the standard deviation amounted to 0.70%. In 2017, the rapeseed protein content index varied from 23.9% (Beacon, Australia) to 27.9% (Sinica, Germany). In the years 2016-2017 sample Cip-104 (Ukraine) has shown a high level of protein in its seeds.

A negative correlation has been established between fat and protein levels in spring rapeseed ( -0,72 in 2016 and -0,36 in 2017). In 2016, the total oil and protein amount in seeds ranged from 66.5% (55 region, Russia) up to 72.2% (CN-06, Serbia). On the average the index was 69.98%, the standard deviation was 0.92%. The total seed oil and protein content indices were notable in the following samples-CN – 02, CN-06 (Serbia),VN-549, Duet (Russia), WW 1427 (Sweden), Lambada, Larissa (Germany). In 2017, the total fat and protein content in seeds (in the whole) varied from 64.9% (B. napus 1092, Canada) to 71.6% (Odin, Germany). Averagely the index amounted to 67.76%, the standard deviation was up to 1.30%. The best fat and protein content was noted in the following samples CN-01 (Serbia), D 5393 (USA), Star (Denmark), Jerom, Jerry, Sinica, Odin (Germany).

All the distinguished spring rapeseed varieties are advantageous for quality breeding.

51


CORRELATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND STRUCTURE OF VEGETATIVE ORGANS IN Lavandula SPECIES

Gabriela Alina ȘTEFAN, Lăcrămioara IVĂNESCU, Constantin TOMA,

Zenovia OLTEANU, Marius ȘTEFAN, Lucian Dragoș GORGAN, Maria Magdalena ZAMFIRACHE

Faculty of Biology, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iaşi, Romania

The present investigation aimed to identify the intra- and interspecific genetic diversity and the histo-anatomical particularities of two Lavandula species: Lavandula angustifolia Mill., the varieties: Ellagance Pink, Ellagance Snow, Ellagance Purple, Vicenza Blue, Munstead, Grosso, Common English, and Lavandula stoechas L.

For the histo-anatomical characterization, the roots, stems and leaves of Lavandula species were sampled in 70% alcohol. The sections were carried out by usual botanical techniques using the microtome and the botanical razor. The cross sections were stained with alum carmine and iodine green and photographed through a Novex microscope, equipped with an Olympus camera.

The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis has been performed on leaves fragments mounted on stubs and sputter-coated with gold-palladium followed by a TESCAN SEM Vega II microscope scanning.

In cross-sections, the leaf has the same equifacial structure of the leaf blade and the mesophyll consists of only palisade parenchyma on both sides. On the leaf surfaces there are numerous protective and glandular trichomes.

The steam cross-sections have a square shape with four prominent ridges, except for the Ellagance varieties, where the epidermis has exfoliating tendencies. The epidermis shows numerous protective and glandular trichomes.

Total DNA purification was performed from dried leaves using the CTAB protocol, followed by a RAPD reaction using 4 out of 14 RAPD primers selected according to the number of the amplified polymorphic sites.

The RAPD - PCR was performed in a 25 μl volume using the GoTaq Green Master Mix kit (Promega), followed by the separation of the amplicons in a 1,5% agarose gel electrophoresis. The gel images were transposed in binomial matrices followed by a FreeTree v.0.9 analysis based on the UPGMA method.

The dendrogram of genetic distances shows that the studied species are split in two groups: the first one is represented by the L. stoechas species and the second group consists of the varieties of L. angustifolia, divided in four clusters, all of which have a common origin.

The comparative genetic diversity and the histo-anatomical data indicate a clear differentiation between the two analyzed Lavandula species. The comparative anatomical studies revealed small, mainly quantitative differences between the species, while the molecular data allow a higher discrimination between the analyzed taxa.

52


THE IMPACT OF THE DROUGHT, ACCORDING TO THE DURATION OF RIPENING DIFFERING WHEAT GENOTYPES SIGNS OF

PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESEARCH

Tamraz TAMRAZOV, Javanshir TALAİ Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Azerbaijan

Drought conditions in plants, especially wheat productivity in many scientific studies

have explored the effects of drought as a result of not only focuses on the study of physiological and biochemical indices of change, drought-resistant plants, based on their fixed rate. Research on drought resistance of plants to the water system, in most cases, on the basis of skills and the ability to adapt to natural conditions associated with heat and thirst, and in addition to the scientific interest in the nature of drought-tolerant plants, is of practical importance. Thus, it is connected directly to the final product.

Assimilation of the yield surface is defined by the size and durability of the surface. Thus, the optimal size of the leaf surface, only to access more quickly, but it is also important to maintain the activity over a long time.

40-50 thousand m2 / ha, which is equal to the sheet surface is considered to be optimal. Field experiments were conducted in other crops, including wheat, causing some believe that the optimization of culture conditions and 50-70 min yield m2 / ha higher in the leaf surface

Increased leaf area does not increase the efficiency of their economic and biological products. Regime, the optimum size of the light part of the increase in planting the leaf surface, resulting in a rapidly deteriorating reduces the possibility of a lower level assimilation leaves.

Drought conditions in plants, especially wheat production in most studies examining the effects of drought as a result of not only the main emphasis is to study the changes of physiological and biochemical indices of drought-tolerant plants on the basis of their review. Stress factors (drought, salt, light and so on). Bread and durum wheat genotypes in the photosynthetic apparatus of the effects of structural and functional components.

As is known, during the development drought, primarily, it also reduces the ability of photosynthetic assimilation and leaves the surface. Therefore, reducing the size of the leaf surface in times of drought is one of the main reasons for changes in performance over the years.

So at the present period the disappearance rate of plants overtakes and surpasses the rate of species generation and the reason of this is discrease of species adaptation opportunities connected with sharp worsen of environmental conditions and this in its turn leads unexampled discrease of biodefference innin situ condition.

In connection with the above-mentioned the purpose of the research consists of quantitative determination of collected and studied species parametres in the laboratory condition.

The findings obtained from the researches enable direct assessment of drought resistance by a number of possible methods, which allows early stage development of the drought resistant sorts of wheat plant not in various aspects but predictability of their potential productivity. s as the result ekological-genetik monitoring.

53


FORAGE QUALITY OF BIRD’S-FOOT TREFOIL, Lotus corniculatus, IN THE FIRST YEAR OF VEGETATION

Victor ŢÎŢEI1, Andrea Cristina ANDREOIU2, Vasile Adrian BLAJ2,

Teodor MARUŞCA2 1"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova

2Research - Development Institute for Grassland Brasov, Romania

Bird’s-foot trefoil, Lotus corniculatus is a Eurasian perennial legume, popular in temperate climates for pasture or hay and silage production, and does not cause bloat in ruminants. The Romanian varieties Doru and Magurele of Lotus corniculatus, created at the Research - Development Institute for Grassland Brasov, grown in monoculture on experimental land in the National Botanical Garden (Institute), latitude 46°58′25.7″ and longitude N28°52′57.8″E, served as subjects of study. The growth and development rates, the leaf/stem ratio and the green mass productivity were studied according the standard methods. The content of crude protein, crude cellulose, ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), dry matter digestibility (DMD) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) were evaluated using the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technique PERTEN DA 7200 at the Research-Development Institute for Grassland Brasov, Romania. Relative feed value (RFV) was calculated according to standard procedures.

It was found that, under the conditions of the Republic of Moldova, the studied varieties of Lotus corniculatus could be harvested three mowing in the first year. The green mass yield reached 3.01-3.27 kg/m2, characterized by high content of leaves. The variety Doru was characterized by higher productivity. It was also found that the biochemical composition of dry matter of natural forage varied substantially from one harvest to another. The forage of the variety Doru contained a higher amount of crude protein (18.8-22.0 %) and minerals (11.7-13.0 %) at the first and third harvests, but the variety Magurele – at the second and third harvests. Other important quality parameters for forages are cell wall content and digestibility of dry matter. The concentrations of NDF, ADF, ADL, cellulose and hemicellulose of Lotus corniculatus also varied depending on the harvest. The whole plants of the variety Doru, harvested at the first mowing contained 458 g/kg NDF, 304 g/kg ADF, 63 g/kg ADL, 241g/kg cellulose and 154 g/kg hemicellulose, dry matter digestibility was 67.8 % and organic matter digestibility 58.9 %, but at the second mowing – 533 g/kg NDF, 359 g/kg ADF, 70 g/kg ADL, 289g/kg cellulose and 174 g/kg hemicellulose, dry matter digestibility was 56.6 % and organic matter digestibility 50.3 %. The bird’s-foot trefoil forage obtained from the first mowing, with calculated Relative feed value (RFV) 140, can be classified as good quality, but from the second mowing with RFV 106 – as fair category, and the forage obtained from the third mowing RFV 181 – supreme category.

The studied varieties of Lotus corniculatus, can be grown in monoculture, as well as for reseeding and increasing the economic value of grasslands, it can also be helpful for erosion control and restoration of vegetation in wildlife habitats.

54


SOME AGROBIOLOGICAL PECULIARITIES AND FODDER VALUE OF Galega orientalis, VARIETY SPERANTA

Victor ŢÎŢEI 1, Mihai STAVARACHE2

1"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Republic of Moldova

2"Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Iasi, Romania

In the context of the acute shortage of protein substances in forages, which influences

negatively the revitalization of the livestock sector, the diversification of forage production has to be achieved by mobilization, acclimatization and implementation of new crops from local flora and other floristic regions. Fodder galega, eastern galega, Galega orientalis Lam., native to the Caucasus, is a promising leguminous species, which can be cultivated on the same land for over 15 years, has been introduced to many other regions.

The variety Speranţa of Galega orientalis, created in NBGI and registered in the Catalogue of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Moldova, served as subject of study, Medicago sativa – control variant. The experiments were carried out on the experimental plot of the Botanical Garden. The research subjects were 4-year-old plants, the green mass was harvested for the first cut in the flower bud formation stage. The samples were analysed to determine the content of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude cellulose, crude fat, crude ash, the content of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF), applying the standard methods used at the University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Iasi, Romania.

It was determined that, in the 4th year of vegetation, the Galega orientalis plants started growing in the second half of March, 5 days earlier than Medicago sativa. Initially, the rosette with leaves developed and, after 10-12 days, shoots started forming, the growth and development of shoots accelerated during April. In the middle of May, in the flower bud formation stage, Galega orientalis plants were about 140 cm tall, while Medicago sativa plants – only 75 cm tall. The harvested green mass yield reached 5.27 kg/m2 and exceeded substantially Medicago sativa. It was found that the Galega orientalis fodder harvested during this period was characterized by a high content of leaves (55 %), but a low content of dry matter (18.1 %) in comparison with the control variant. The dry matter of Galega orientalis is characterized by optimal protein content (16.20 %), cellulose (26.85 %), minerals (7.51 %) and high amount of fats (3.41 %), it is very rich in essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine, phenylalanine, leucine) in comparison with Medicago sativa.

The Galega orientalis forage had cell wall content 384 g/kg NDF and 277 g/kg ADF, so it can be classified as very good quality with relative feed value 163, but Medicago sativa forage – 538 g/kg NDF and 415 g/kg ADF, relative feed value 100, respectively.

The cultivation of the variety Speranţa of Galega orientalis would help solving acute problems related to the supply of qualitative green mass to feed domestic animals.

55


GENE POOL OF GRAIN LEGUMES IN VIR COLLECTION FOR AN EXPANDING THE BOUNDARIES OF CULTIVATION

Margarita VISHNYAKOVA, Irina SEFEROVA, Lubov NOVIKOVA,

Galina EGOROVA, Gennady GRIDNEV Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR), Russian Federation

Since N. I. Vavilov‘s times one of the essential tasks of Vavilov Institute is

expanding the cultivation of the crops to the north of Russia. Among the diversity of grain legumes in VIR collection are many early-maturing genotypes, suitable for cultivation in relatively northern regions compared to the traditional production areas. Exploration of early maturated soybean gene pool has been carried out in the location situated much more to the North from the border of modern agronomic area of the crop. For today it is the northernmost point of soybean management – the North-West of European part of Russian Federation – near SaintPetersburg (5944' n. l., 30 23' e.l.). This environment is extreme for soybean. 1238 accessions classified as very early and early maturated. At least 50 varieties are found as capable of forming seed yield in this environment. This gene pool is characterized by tolerance to cool temperature in early stages of ontogenesis, weak response to photoperiod during blooming, and seed yield not very much dependening on high summer temperatures.

Common bean investigation at the same region revealed the accessions of bush forms with high productivity of green pods. The most of the accessions studied delayed flowering on long-day compared to short one in average at 4.5 days. The varieties with almost neutral reaction to photoperiod were dominated. It has been stated that the main limiting factor for the production of beans in Leningrad region is not a photoperiod, but the temperature. The cold-tolerant genotypes are searching in a gene pool.

The assessment of early-maturing chickpea accessions have been evaluated in the Central Russia (Tambov region). At least 180 accessions of different geographical origin, capable of forming seeds in this environment, have been identified. The sources of early maturation, high seed productivity, suitability for mechanized harvesting, resistance to fusarium and high protein content have being selected for breeding for the region.

Broadening the agronomic areas of the crops is the actual task because of climate warming, demands of market, occurence of soil erosion and pollution in the traditional production regions and diversification of crop using.

56


CHICKPEA COLLECTION OF THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES OF UKRAINE

Nadiya VUS, Lubov KOBYZEVA

Institute of Plant Production nd. V. Ya. Yuriev, Ukraine

Chickpea is important leguminous crop that is a source of value protein for food and forage. There is Ukrainian chickpea collection in National Centre for Plant Genetic Recourses of Ukraine (NCPGRU) in the Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS (Kharkiv). The base chickpea collection includes of 1843 accessions. There are seven species of genus Cicer L. in this collection. The most of accessions are belong to Cicer arietinum L. – 98,6 % and six to wild species: C. reticulatum Ladis. та C. bijugum K. H. Rech., C. judaicum Boiss., C. pinnatifidum Jaub. and Sp., C. yamashitae Kitamura, C. chorassanicum Bge. M. Pop. Species C. reticulatum Ladis. and C. bijugum K. H. Rech. are threatened with extinction in a wild environment. There are nine annual Cicer species. According to the results of the search in genebanks, applications for two annual species were formed: (Cicer cuneatum Hochst. еx Rich. and Cicer echinospermum P.H. Davis and one perennial – Cicer incisum (Willd.) K. Maly. These accessions were necessary to expand the species diversity of the basic chickpea collection of NCPGRU.

The intraspecific diversity accessions of Cicer arietinum L. from base collection of NCPGRU was conducted according to the I. V. Seferova`s systematic (1997). According to this systematic chickpea is divide for 22 variance. Everything of them are presents in the collection of NCPGRU. Besides four new variances were determined. There are variants: var. viridis with green seeds orbiculato-angular (intermediate) form, var. atrum with black seeds rounded (owl`s head shape), var. pomaceu with greenish-yellow seeds owl`s head shape, var.piceus with black seeds pea-like shape. The accessions of var. arietinum are predominant in collection (70 %). There are typical kabuli-type seeds. Other variants make up 5 % of collection.

All accessions pass a three-year study cycle for morphological, phenological and economic characteristics. As results of investigation the signs database are formed.

The important part of the collection are unique local varieties. These accessions were collected in the research expeditions and found by collectors from different regions of Ukraine and the World. Our collection contains 68 local varieties from 12 countries. The most of them are var. arietinum. Almost half of the local varieties (39 accessions, 57 %) are Ukrainian varieties. They are adapted for local conditions and high valuable. The sources of high yield, suitability for mechanized harvesting, ascochyta blight resistance, early-maturity, large seeds, high protein contains are distingiushed from these accessions.

Conclusions, chickpea collection of NCPGRU is important part of wold chickpea gene pool. It contains varieties and lines of world and Ukrainian breeding and unique local varieties.

57


WILD ALFALFA SPECIES IN KAZAKHSTAN AND THEIR USE IN BREEDING

S. YERZHANOVA, S. ABAYEV, G. MEIRMAN, S. TOKTARBEKOVA,

E. KASPAKBAEV, F.NUSUBALIEVA Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and plant Growing, Kazahstan

The purpose of the research: Collection of wild ecotypes of forage grasses on the

natural landscapes of Kazakhstan, their study in culture for the expansion of the gene pool and use in recursive selection to enhance the adaptive characteristics of the varieties being created.

Research methods: collection of wild ecotypes of leguminous grasses through the organization of an expedition along established routes, carried out by harvesting seeds. The study of them was carried out according to the methods of VIR named. N.I. Vavilov.

Results of the research: Expeditions were carried out on the territory of Almaty (2015-2017), Zhambyl (2015), South Kazakhstan (2015) and East Kazakhstan regions (2016-2017). Prior to harvesting, beans were the priority. Sampling was carried out by seeds.

As a result of the expedition, 201 samples were collected with a brief description of the site of their growth and morphological and biological features. including for alfalfa 162 specimens, bottoms - 25, sainfoins - 7, clover - 5 and lyadventu -2. According to the results of 1-3 year study in the conditions of introductory nurseries, 15 samples of alfalfa were selected as sources for the complex - economic-valuable traits for further use in recurrent breeding.

58

PLANT BREEDING

59

Plant Breeding

VETCHES CULTIVATED IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Tatiana ALEKSANDROVA N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St. Petersburg, Russia

Vetches are excellent fodder crops and have long been cultivated in some countries.

The purpose of this abstract is to provide a brief overview of vetch species attracted to selection in Russia in our days. The FAO includes Common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) among the 11 most important pulses in the world. This species is the most used in Russia. In total four vetch species have been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation (as of 20.02.2018). Common vetch and Hairy vetch (V. villosa Roth) are traditional for use in the Russian Federation for a long time. Tufted vetch (V. cracca L.) and Bitter vetch (V. ervilia (L.) Willd.) have been comparatively recently offered for use.

Unfortunately Hungarian vetch (V. pannonica Crantz) is not cultivated last times in Russia after many years in use. Forty three varieties of Common vetch and one variety of Hairy vetch use for spring sowing, and seven varieties of Hairy vetch are winter ones. Three varieties of Tufted vetch included in 2000, 2001, 2009 and one variety of Bitter vetch included in 2011 are listed in the State Register of Plant Varieties. According to the State Register of Plant Varieties every vetch variety has its region or their regions from twelve ones in the Russian Federation recommended for cultivation. Thirty six subjects are originators/patent holders of their varieties of vetches. It is remarkable that 2017 year became the first year when one variety of vetch belonging to foreign holder was included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Approved for Use in the Russian Federation.

The vetch collection of N. I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources is the main source of seed material involving in domestic breeding programs. Diversity of vetches in the VIR where more than five and half thousand accessions of manifold species from all over the world are safekept have an interest for the present and the future. Concerning the cultivated species, about three thousand of V. sativa, four hundred of V. villosa, five hundred of V. ervilia, tens of V. cracca accessions are available for breeders. Accessions are regenerated and a few of them are studied in the VIR. Multiplication and study of V. ervilia and perennials were carried out in ecological conditions of the Branch Ekaterinino Experimental Station of VIR in Tambov region. Regarding perennials there are more than two hundred plots of perennial vetch species in Tambov region (as of 2017). Many of them in Russia as well as annuals are natural components of the meadow and pasture phytocenoses and have undisclosed potential for introduction.

60

Plant Breeding

APPLICATION OF RESISTANCE GENE ANALOG (RGA) MARKERS TO ANALYSES OF GENETIC POLYMORPHISM IN CHICKPEA

(Cicer arietinum L.)

Ina BIVOL, Dmitrii CURSHUNZHI Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Genes cloned from diverse plants for different pathogens resistance have the

structural similarity presumably involved in pathogen recognition and signal transduction in triggering the defence response. The RGA technique offers some advantages for identify of candidate disease resistance genes at different plant species, provides to develop informative markers for assessing the genetic diversity of germplasm and also simplify plants disease resistance breeding programs.

The purpose of the present research was to examine the germplasm diversity and describe genetic relationships among the investigating genotypes of chickpeas based on several conserved domains of RGAs.

Three desi (s. Botna, MDI02416, MDI02432) and three kabuli (s.Ichel, MDI02419, MDI02440) chickpea genotypes with a different level of productivity and diseases resistance were used in this study. Six pairs of RGA primers based on conserved leucine-rich repeats (NLRR for/rev for N gene conferring resistance to TMV, CLRR for/rev - Cf-9 gene resistance to Cladosporium fulvum, XLRR for/rev - Xa21 gene resistance to Xanthomonas campestris pv oryzae, RLRR for/rev - RPS2 gene resistance to Pseudomonas syringae) and serine/threonine protein kinases domains (Ptokin1/2 and Ptokin3/4 resistance to bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato) of several resistance genes were used.

As a result of genotyping by means of RGA markers it was found that the investigation genotypes are quite heterogeneous. The use of RGA primers has allowed to reveal specific and polymorphic fragments in chickpea. Primers designed based on the conserved domains of resistance genes often amplify multiple fragments that is also observed in the given experience. RGA-analysis has revealed in most cases 4-12 amplicons corresponding to candidate resistance genes (except for RLRR for/rev, CLRR for/rev and Ptokin 3/4 primers, which were not yield any amplicon). The primers Ptokin1/2 produced the highest level of polymorphism (62.5%), at the time as level of polymorphism by means of primers XLRR for/rev, NLRR for/rev and Ptokin1/2 averaged 29.17%. To infer genetic relationships among the investigated genotypes dendrograme based on the RGA fragments was constructed using Nearest Neighbor method, Euclidean distances. According to the similarity level, the genotypes were divided in 2 clusters: cluster 1 is formed of s.Botna, MDI02432, s.Ichel, MDI02440 and cluster 2 – MDI02416, MDI02419.

In conclusion, out of tested 6 pair of primers only 3 pairs were effective in distinguishing of the genotypes for different pathogens resistance. It is vital to note that polymorphism detected in chickpea may result from different mutations within the conserved domains but at the same time the amplicons may represent candidate genes for disease resistance or other important signal-transduction processes. The RGA markers have allowed to group together the genotypes with higher level of resistance forming a single cluster 1, this information will be highly relevant for the selection of genotypes for the breeding and deployment of disease resistance genes.

61

Plant Breeding

CREATING HIGH-PRODUCTIVE PRECOCIOUS AND MIDDLE-TARDILY HYBRIDES RESISTANT TO MAIN PATHOGENES,

BROOMRAPE AND DROUGHT

Ion BOAGHII, Marta VATAVU, Eugenia LUNGU Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia", Balti, Republic of Moldova

Sunflower is the most important oil producing plant in our country. The high

production capacity and high seed oil content ensures large oil yields per hectare – the basic target of sunflower breeding and cultivation.

The sunflower breeding work at the Research Institute of Field Crops “Selectia” is done towards direction of creation of precocious hybrids with a vegetation period of 95-105 days, seeds yield of 2.5-3.5 t/ha, fat content of 48-50%; as well as creation of middle-tardily hybrids with a vegetation period of 105-120 days, seeds yield of 3.5-4.2 t/ha, fat content of 50-53%.

Precocity is achieved by repeated individual selection or by hybridization with early forms and varieties. Middle-tardily and tardily biotypes due to a longer vegetation period provide higher yields than early forms.

As initial material to create inbred lines were used early and middle-tardily varieties-population which possesses valuable genes for breeding of lines from the world collection (A.V.Anascenco).

Researches on breeding have been directed towards creation of commercial hybrids based on cytoplasmic androsterility and pollen fertility restoration. The main methods for creating the original material are inbreeding and recurrent selection, use of the heterosis effect and creation of experimental hybrids.

The sunflower hybrids breeding system depends on the quality of the parental forms of inbred lines. After 4-5 generations of inbreeding and recurrent selection, successful descendants are included in cross-over schemes of topckross type and diagrams to determine combinatorial capacity. The best lines based on general and specific combination capacity are included in the collection of workstation lines.

Annually, about 2500 descendants of different imbriding degrees are studied and experimented in the nursery of inbred lines. Simultaneously, over 300 hybrid combinations are studied. They are selected high-productive forms resistant to disease with a large number of seeds a mass of in pseudanthium, 1000 seeds 50-60 g, fat content of 50-53%, low shells percentage (22-25%) with elastic and small diameter.

As a result of the research, 14 new lines of superior combining qualities with precious genes have been created. On their basis, a number of sunflower hybrids have been selected. The best ones were sent for testing in the State Commission.

Currently, 6 hybrids created at RIFC “Selectia” are registered in the Catalog of Plant Varieties of the Republic of Moldova. For testing in 2018, to the State Commission for testing were sent two hybrids – HS-1021 (early) and HS-1017 (middle-long), which during 3 years of research in the comparative fields showed superiority of seed production and oil contend compare to witnesses.

62

Plant Breeding

EARLY FLINT MAIZE BREEDING

Pantelimon BOROZAN, Ghenadie RUSU Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

Flint maize differ essentially from dent maize, which has been classified as a special

group with special traits (precocity, low temperature tolerance, grain consistency, photoperiodism, etc.). A disadvantage of this group is the sensitivity to high temperatures and low seed production compared to the dent forms.

In the breeding program of flint maize as sources of high productivity severed inbreeds of foreign origin: IK169-3, F564, LO3 and Pi187. Research has begun from a synthetic population with 50% in genotype of 12 original early inbreeds and 50% of LO3, individual selected by phenotype for stalk resistance and precocity. Additional to research program also for initial material served simple and three way hybrids, which contains in pedigree inbred lines IK169-3, F564 and Pi187 with participation of 25-30%. After the self-pollination and phenotyping selection work carried out in the F1 generation, segregating biological samples of the F2 generation was sown approximately 250-500 plants per genotype and finally selecting over 3000 individual samples for S1. From the descendants of the S1 generation, phenotypically appreciated, have been identified 1580 families with valuable breeding characteristics. During rigorous selection in S2-S3 generations sown at higher densities, were identified 140 relatively constant samples. After evaluating the combining ability in S4-S5 generations, 12 inbred lines were transferred to the laboratory's operational collection. All of them have been tested in hybrid combinations at most important agronomical traits. Finally, 6 inbred lines with high performance were found and were included in the hybrid synthetization system.

The MKP22 line with 25% of the F564 germplasm quickly loses moisture from the kernels and high pollen productivity. Hybrids with that line have shown high grain productivity and low humidity in grains. The MKP22 is the paternal form of the Bemo203 hybrid registered in the Republic of Belarus since 2014. With high grain yield are shown the MKP20 (25% IK169-3) and MKP19A (25% Pi187), also evidenced by the good quality of the ears. Both of them are components of the maternal form in the three-way hybrid Rosmold159CRf registered in the Russian Federation. The MKP19B has the same genealogy as MKP19A but differs in plant height, lower kernels moister and flowering coincidence between tassel and silk emergency. The MKP21/182 (50% F564 and 25% IK169-3), with high combining ability, is a paternal form of the Rosmold202MRf hybrid listed in the Russian plant varieties catalog. The MKP27 line was created from the synthetic population with the LO3 donor germplasm, which present breeding interest by kernels quality and being used as seed parent in the Alimentar325 hybrid, registered in the Republic of Moldova. Research during several years with Euroflint heterotic group at the Republic of Moldova climate conditions has proved the possibility of improving the grain yield at high plant densities, stalk resistance, tolerance to low temperatures, drought and heat.

63

Plant Breeding

BREEDING OF EARLY MAIZE IN MOLDOVA

Pantelimon BOROZAN, Simion MUSTEAȚĂ, Ghenadie RUSU, Valentina SPINU

Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

The report presents investigations concerning inbred lines and hybrids development of early maize for export in regions with cool and limited period of vegetation. Initial source material is created in related crosses and backcrosses, including a relatively few number of elite inbred lines from the best heterotic groups and patterns. Backcrossed populations with 75% of elite genome are important to keep the good traits and add improved traits from nonrecurent parent. More attention is accorded to the choice or related inbred lines as donors for improvement of commercial lines and to selection of outstanding recombinants in segregating F2 and BC1 populations. Phenotypic selection during inbreeding for favorable combinations of field germination, seedling vigor, simultaneous silking and pollen shedding, plant and ear height, kernel moisture, stay-green, stalk rot and leaf disease tolerance, drought and heat tolerance help in increasing average grain yield. Additional useful traits include kernel rows and endosperm texture, factors facilitating harvest and tassel extension from the top leaves. New inbred lines that have better cold germination, more saleable seed size, perfect maintenance of cytoplasmatic male sterility, non-tillering and easy husking are preferable as female parents of hybrids. Test crosses for combining ability (hybrid performance) determination are made at a later generation of inbreeding, usually on relatively constant progenies after S4, using 2-3 testers from the alternative heterotic groups. General combining ability, resulting from additive gene effects, is more important in comparison with specific combining ability. Stable and uniform progenies of new inbred lines are placed into heterotic groups determined by pedigree records and level of heterosis in related crosses. The inbred lines relationship is estimated by the index of genetic diversity as ratio of grain yield in crosses and per se.

The hybrid development strategy is based on single (AxB) and single modified (AxA1)xB types of crosses between inbred lines from different heterotic groups. The modified hybrids with related crosses as female parent are closely to single cross for performance and uniformity but have superior grain yield in production field. Our investigations have demonstrated that crosses of inbred lines with 30-60% of grain heterozis (genetic commonality) would be useful seed parents. This level of genetic diversity is optimal for uniformity expression of morphological traits in hybrids. Heterotic patterns Reid Iodent x Euroflint and Reid Ioden x BSSS-B37 are at present more useful hybrids combinations that perform better in cool environments and have a reliable seed production. In Republic Belarus for grain and silage utilization have been registered hybrids Bemo172CRf, Porumbeni176MRf, Bemo203, Bemo235, Porumbeni220, Porumbeni230 and Porumbeni243. New single cross hybrids Porumbeni305, Porumbeni310 from the semi-early maturity group have been registered in the northern zone of Moldova and Porumbeni310 in premountain areas of Romania.

64

Plant Breeding

BASES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN LEGUMES AND CEREALS

Vasile BOTNARI, Larisa ANDRONIC, Eugenia COTENCO


Grain legumes and cereals occupy an important place in human and animal nutrition, considered as good sources of proteins, oil and carbohydrates. The research strategies of crop improvement offer tools in the selection of important traits, choice of breeding methods according to the pointed out targets.

Research in the field of genetics and improvement of cereal and legume crops in the Republic of Moldova has been initiated since year 1957 when there has been founded the Department of Plant Genetics led by theAcademician A. Kovarski. Important achievements have been obtained in gene pooling, identification of new genes or sources of useful genes for plant breeding and developing the initial breeding stock.

The theoretical and practical basics of genetics and plant breeding have been developed due to schools of the Academician A. Jucenco, Prof. V. Lîsicov, Academician A. Jacotã, Prof. P. Buiucli and new mechanisms for extending the spectrum of genetic variability, genetic and ecological effects have been discovered which allowed developing new methods for improvement of the adaptive and productive potential of plants.

Within the institute, significant results have bee obtained in the genetic improvement of wheat, rye, triticale, soybean, chickpeas, lentils, peanuts, etc. exploring possibilities for increasing variability through different hybridization methods, induced recombinogenesis and experimental mutagenesis. Research has been developed to elucidate complicated genetic mechanisms that control the expression of characters important for improvement; perfecting different aspects of the improvement methodologies, the heredity of valuable features through the use of heterosis, inbredness and haploid inducers. Important place has been the genetic research on the inheritance of quantitative and qualitative characters, genotype-environment interactions, host - pathogen. Progress has been made in understanding the genetic control of important characters such as productivity and content of protein in wheat , triticale, soybean, chickpeas, corn; resistance to dropping of wheat, triticale; tolerance to fungal diseases in wheat, triticale, corn, etc. Also developing biotechnological methods for making isogenic lines by applying barley androgenetics, extending the variability through in vitro culture to triticale. Besides there have been developed biotechnological techniques to obtain isogenic lines by applying barley androgenesis, extending the variability through in vitro culture of triticale.

On the basis of the theoretical foundations there were created and homologated triticale varieties Ingen 33, Ingen 35, Ingen 93 predestined for animal feed, Ingen 40 (homologated in 2015) and Ingen 54 (tested at CTSPP), characterized by increased protein content and gluten proposed for the bakery industry. The original results in creating varieties and new varieties have been confirmed by 18 cereal varieties of homologated cereal crops (common wheat, durum wheat, rye, oats), about 16 varieties of leguminous crops (chickpeas, lentils, soybeans, beans, kidney beans). The use of heterozygosity in dferent hybridization schemes in sugar sorghum has allowed tcreation of 4 hybrids (SASM-1 - SASM-4) with biomass productivity of up to 80-90 t / ha under absence of irrigation, pollination resistance and adapted to the cultivation and mechanized harvesting. For the first time, maize lines with pronounced haploinductive capacity ( from 10 to -17%) have been created based on which dihaploid lines with high combinatorial capacity have been developed.

The varieties developed in the Institute are characterized by high productivity, grain quality as well as resistance to limiting environmental factors (unfavorable temperatures, the most aggressive pathogens) and present the actual potential for implementation in the real sector of the economy as well as valuable sources for enriching the genotype of cereal and legume crops.

65

Plant Breeding

NEW INITIAL MATERIAL FOR BREEDING OF LINSEED VARIETIES FOR NORTH WEST OF RUSSIA

Nina BRUTCH, Elisabeth POROKHOVINOVA, Andrey PAVLOV,

Sofia KUTUZOVA Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Research Centre the N.I. Vavilov

All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Russia

Last years the area of linseed in Russian Federation was rapidly increased. The crop was moved to new territories, including North West Region. To answer the demands of agriculture development, breeders started the creation of new linseed varieties, adapted to climatic conditions of this region. The first step of each breeding program is the selection of adequate initial material.

Recently introduced to VIR collection 47 linseed varieties and breeding accessions from Czech, France, Canada and the Netherlands, passed 3 years evaluation on the fields of Pushkin laboratories in Leningrad region, on the plots of 1 m2. Parameters of the evaluated genotypes were compared with linseed variety Voronezhskij 1308 as a standard. The weather was different in years of trials. 2015 was warm and dry, 2016 was hot and wet, 2017 was intermediate for temperature and rains. Different weather conditions in years of experiment permitted to select genotypes with stable characters expression.

As the North West Region has rather short summer, it is important to use the earliest varieties. The most early ripening accession in all 3 years was k-8870 GZ 2-969 from Czech having vegetative period of 80-87 %% of the standard, that is 74-85 days, which is enough for this region. The most important phase for earliness was the time from flowering to maturity (r = 0,66 – 1,00). Mentioned accession k-8870 from Czech ripened in 31 – 39 days, which is 70-73 % of the standard. Accessions with stable early flowering were not found in current sampling.

Another important character for linseed varieties is seeds yield. The most productive varieties in all 3 years of experiments were k-8868 Lola from The Netherlands, k-8865 Baikal from France and k-8614 Jaeger from France. They always exceeded the standard in seeds yield and in favorable conditions gave more than 200 % of standard’s production, up to 500 g. The biggest seeds in all 3 years of evaluation had variety Benvanuto Real, k-8862 from Argentine and k-8835 LS-L 68 from France. It is important, that seeds yield did not have correlations with seeds’ size. It means that breeding for these characters can be carried out independently.

The straw of linseed varieties can be used for different purposes, including utilization of its fibre. So for economical reasons it can be important to have high straw yield. Stable exceeding of the standard’s level of the character showed accessions from Czech: kk-8859, 8860, 8870. They gave 600-1500 g. of straw in different conditions. Straw yield is strongly correlated with plants height (r = 82 – 90). So the desirable genotypes can be easily selected at the first steps of breeding.

Presented results show the possibility of breeding varieties for effective linseed cultivation in North West Region of Russia at least at 600 latitude.

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Plant Breeding

THE NEW Glycine max (L.) Merrill. VARIETIES

Alexander BUDAK, Liuba CORETCHI, Valentin CELAC, Oleg KHARCHUK Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

The main mission of the breeders is to obtain and develop new, distinct, uniform and

stable plant varieties whose seeds maintain genetic purity and intrinsic quality, thusimproving features such as productivity, maturity, regional adaptation, disease resistance, and tolerance to diverse weather patterns. Soybean is the “king of beans” and is produced in both temperate and tropical areas of the world.

Purpose of this research work consists in the creation of new hybrid soybean varieties which meet the modern production requirements. Plants breeding have been carried out in the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the ASM.

Results. During the recent five years six soybean varieties have been involved into the State Testing. Four of them were included into the Register of Breeding Achievements of Moldova. The best of them which present a complex of economic useful traits were included into the breeding process for the development of high productive soybean hybrids. Soybeans varieties Stefanel and Laduta have been developed through a hybridization method. These varieties were created by the authors A. Budak, V. Celac, L. Coretchi and A. Cheban. The parental forms for variety Stefanel are as follows: the maternal one is the variety Irina and the paternal one − K-003. The seed productivity consist 17,5-35,3 q/ha. The beans protein content consist 38,9%, the oil content − 19,1%, the weight of 1000 beans − 113-152 g and vegetation period − 112-118 days. Plant height varies from55cm to 89 cm. It is characterized by a high setting level of the first seedpod (15-16 cm) and an enhanced drought resistance. As compared with the standard variety the variety Stefanel exceeds it in productivity by 3,75% in the testing by State Commission for Crops Variety in the 2015-2017period. The variety Stefanel manifested resistance to the following pathogens: Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Link, Phomopsis sojae Lehman, Septoria glycines Hemmi and Fusarium Lk. ex Fr.The initial forms for variety Laduta consist as follows: the maternal one is the variety K-003 and the paternal one −Hodgson. The seedsproductivityconsist 18,1-33,9 q/ha, the protein content in beans − 38,9%, the oil content − 23,2%, the weight of 1000 beans −110-161 g and the vegetation period −110-114 days. Plant height varies from 65 to 75 cm. It is characterized by a high setting level of the first seedpod (15-16 cm) and an enhanced drought resistance. As compared with the standard variety the variety Laduta exceeds it in productivity by 11% in the testing by State Commission for Crops Variety in the 2015-2017 periods. The variety Laduta manifested resistance to the following pathogens: U. appendiculatus, S. glycines, Fusarium spp. and Ph. sojae. The varieties Stefanel and Ladutahave been included into the Register of Breeding Achievements of Moldova from 2018.

Conclusions. The new soybean varieties Stefanel and Laduta presented performance consistently in State trials in the past three years in Moldova. They presented good tolerance to the main soybean pathogens and drought in the local conditions.

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Plant Breeding

THE STUDY OF GRASS PEA (Lathyrus sativus L.) GENETIC DIVERSITY IN TERMS OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICES OF GREEN MASS

М.О. BURLYAEVA1, A.E. SOLOVYEVA1, S.I. SILENKO2

1N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Russia; 2Ustymivka Experimental Station of Plant Production Plant Production

Institute nd. a. V.Ya. Yuryev of NAAS, Ustymivka, Ukraine

The paper presents the results of study of 25 best accessions of grass pea from VIR collection previously selected by the complex of the agronomic traits (Burlyaeva et al., 2012). The plants of the studied sample reproduced in different ecological and geographical conditions (Ukraine, 2013 and Leningrad region, 2012-2013). The variability of the protein and dry matter content in green mass have been studied. The values of the traits varied depending on the growing conditions for protein content – from 10.0% to 27,9%, for a dry matter – from 17,6% to 28,8%. The values of genotypic variance (CV) fluctuated from year to year for the protein content from 5,63% to 11,57%, for dry matter content from 7,33% to 9,35%.

The proportion of the variability due to environmental factors and the interaction "genotype – environment"(CV), was detected for protein and dry matter, 10,09% and 8,89% respectively. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed that between protein and dry matter in the green mass and eco-geographical origin of genotypes there were no significant relationships. The variability of protein content in the green mass is largely dependent on the weather conditions (the proportion of the influence of the environment (η2) – 89,5%). Variability of dry matter content was less correlated with meteorological conditions (η2 = 11,7%). Evaluation of adaptive capacity and stability of genotypes according to the method A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva (1985) made it possible to identify biochemical parameters the general (GGA) and specific (SAA) adaptive ability and stability of genotypes. GGA of genotypes in protein content fluctuated from -2,02 to 1,52, SAA from 14,6 to 21,8, in dry matter GGA ranged from – 4,45 to 2,23, and SAA from 8,42 to 12,90.

As a result of the research it was shown the comparability of results obtained in the calculation of the stability of the genotype with the help of CV (coefficient of variation) and Sgi (relative stability of genotypes). So, the studied accessions obtaining the high value of agronomic traits also revealed high overall adaptive capacity and stability with high protein content (k-900, k-712, k-841) as well as high dry matter content (k-42, k-47, k-292) were revealed.

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Plant Breeding

GENETIC AND AMELIORATION EVALUATIONS OF COWPEA (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)

Valentin CELAC


Profitable production of protein, the deficiency of which is very acute in the world economy, is an objective of modern biological and agricultural researches. This can be achieved by diversifying the assortment of leguminous crops corresponding to concrete pedo-climatic conditions, such as cowpea (Vigna), chickpeas, lentils, etc. as safe sources of cheap protein, with high productivity, quality, resistance to drought, high temperatures, diseases and pests. Cowpea is an exotic, thermophilic plant used in alimentation, fodder and processing, characterized by valuable agro-biological features, high protein content in grains (23.4%), carbohydrates (52.0%). Technical pods are free of thread and fibrous tissue, are used in fresh and processed alimentation, contain 11.0% of dry substances, 1.9% of proteins, 0.54% of fructose, 0.63% of glucose, 0.24% of sucrose, vitamins and minerals. Grain production is - 7.5 - 8.0 q / ha, technical pods - 142 - 167.1 q / ha.

The researches carried out have increased in the creation and introduction of 2 varieties of garden cowpea in the agriculture of Moldova: Dina and Ina. In order to increase the variability, to create new varieties, their hybridization has been done. Cowpea have some negative characters, limiting its more cost-effective cultivation such as: unlimited growth, voluminous stem, unrivaled maturing of the pods, and impossible mechanized harvesting, which needs to be ameliorated. In the process of reciprocal cross-fertilization of Dina and Ina varieties, 12-16% of hybrid grains have been linked. The flowering of the plants of Dina variety starts on June 25 - July 3, and the Ina variety on June 30 - July 7 in dependence to the climatic conditions of the year. The flowering of the F1 hybrids started between July 7th and 10th, with violet color of the flowers, which is characteristic to parental varieties.

The Ina variety differs significantly from the Dina variety, the higher plant height (231.5 cm), the longer pods (57.0 cm), the black serum skin grains. Under favorable development conditions, the pods of Ina variety can reach a length of 80 cm, and pods of Dina variety - 40, 0 cm, with brown beans. The irrigation of Ina variety reached plants height to 6.0 m, with the morphological and physiological processes of the reproductive organs being completely blocked by the vegetative ones, which must be taken into account in the cultivation technology. F1 hybrid plants were vigorous, with an intermediate character legacy, plant height being 175.3 cm, 4-6 shoots on plant, 16.1 internodes on the main shoot, 16.3 pods per plant, the length of the pod of 28, 6 cm, with 16,0 black beans in the pod.

The height and black color of the beans of Ina variety are dominant characters. In the F2 progeny obtained as a result of genetic recombination, genotypes have been identified with determined growth, small with short internodes, early plants, sterile pods, compact shoots at the first and second nodes, white flowers plants, brown beans, with recessive character. In the F3 generation, 13 lines were evaluated, including genotypes with white flowers, which are of particular interest for the creation of determined growth forms.

The success in improving of garden cowpea is determined by the high heritability characters we use over the years, such as: the vegetation period (0.65 - 0.8); plant height (0.05 - 0.99); the number of branches per plant (0,35 – 0,91), the length of the pod (0,78 – 0,87) and the hundred seed weight (0,43 – 0,99).

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Plant Breeding

THE CONTENT OF TOTAL PROTEIN AND FAT IN SEEDS, AS WELL AS SOME PARAMETERS OF PRODUCTIVITY IN BREEDING MATERIEL OF CHICKPEA (Cicer arietinum L.)

Anna CHEBAN, Dmitrii CURSHUNZHI


The protein content is most important component for legumes in the biochemical aspect. Fat is important as the nutritional value and flavor [Tripathi Ajai et al., 2016].

The aim of present study was to determine the protein and fat content of 10 genotypes viz.: gulabi: C76/7a, C156/1, C156/2, C156/3, C156/5, C156/8, C187/1, C187/3 and C48/28 (desi), C90/6d (kabuli) in F7-generation and their general characterization. The experimental material is by origin from intraspecific hidrid combination ♀ MDI 02432 (desi, black seeds) × ♂MDI 02419 (kabuli, beige seeds). As check was used Botna (desi, brown) and Ichel (kabuli, beige) cvs.

The amount of spare protein in the chickpea seeds was determined by the Bredford reagent with Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 dye, which does not bind to peptides and proteins of low molecular weight (below 3 kD), does not interact with free amino acids and reagents of non-protein components of analyzed material. For the extraction of vegetable fat, diethyl ether was used.

The crude protein content varied within: 24.16% (C156/3, C156/5) - 28.34% (C90/cd). By standards Botna and Ichel protein content were amounted 26.85% and 23.47%, respectively. Genotypes C187/1(26.66%) and C187/3 (26.68%) for protein contain at the level of the Botna standard. Genotype C156/1 with value 25.84% and previous genotypes is exceeded the best parental form MDI 02432 (25.47%). Genotypes C156/3, C156/5 and C156/8 with value of protein content: 24.16%, 24.16% and 24.66% respectively, are at the level to the parent form MDI 02419 (24.28%). Genotype C90/6cd for protein content exceeds Ichel cv., MDI 02419, MDI 02432 and Botna cv. for 17,2%, 14,3%, 10,1% and 5,3% respectively. Genotype C76 /7a (26.28%) exceeds only 3.1% of MDI 02432, for 7, 6% MDI 02419 genotype and 10.7% standard Ichel.

The fat content for the studied genotypes varied from 2.7 % (C90/cd) to 10.2 % (C156/3). By standards Botna and Ichel fat content amount: 6.56% and 6.26%, respectively. For parent forms: 4.9% (MDI 02419) and 7.8% (MDI 02432). The best values for these parameters were by following genotypes: C 156/2(9.0%), C156 /8(9.2%) and C156/3(10.2%). For level at the best parental form were genotypes: C156/5(7.3%) and C156 1(7.95%). The lowest fat content is 2.7 % in the C 90/cd genotype with the highest protein content. By genotypes C76/7a, C48/28, C187/1 and C187/3 fat content is varied within 3,6 % - 4,2 %.

Weight of 100 seeds (mean) by genotypes – C187/1, C187/3 and C48/28 is amounted: 26.0g, 26.5g, and 28.5g, by genotypes from the group C156 amounted 26.1-30.0g, C90/cd (29.2g), C76/7a (28.1g). By Botna and Ichel cvs, value amounted 28.7g and 32.1g, for genotypes MDI 02432 (29.9g) and MDI 02419 (33.3g). On productivity (grain yield) the genotypes: C187/1, C156/2, C48/28, C 90/cd and C76/7a at the level or exceeded standards Botna and Ichel, the others exceeded for yield parent genetypes, but less productive than standards.

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Plant Breeding

A MORPHOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN LOCAL VARIETIES OF MAIZE

Valentin CIOBANU Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

Among different tasks and duties operated at the Institution in which we perform

there is one of maintaining collection of local maize races, classified in racial groups: Moldovenesc (70 sources), Portocaliu (13 sources), Cincantin (44 sources) and Hanganesc (18 sources), or otherwise characteristical descendants from maize races of foreign provenance like Cecler, Pignoletto and Brounconti (25 sources). From initially aggregated collection we are preserving 170 samples of local varieties and populations, collected from isolated plots are maintained by controlled pollination. Morphological description of maize races, cultivated locally, was possible based on topical maize collections. It was possible to determine, thereafter, certain genotypes with a high protein and oil contents in maize grain, other containing plasmagenes and nuclear genes associated with hereditary nuclear and cytoplasm male sterility and other hereditary traits. A certain part of referred sources are important in maize breeding for high carotene content in maize grains. It was also observed and noted that within this maize collection there are sources with genes useful for other breeding directions and objectives. In the present study we intent to offer some generalizations regarding the appreciation and evaluation of some important agronomical and breeding characteristics in this collection of germplasm sources.

Based on evaluations, observations and measurements obtained in the process of maintaining and preserving local populations (the last 6 cycles of reproduction), we have studied the variation of several important traits in order to detect sources with alternate characters within each of local maize race. Analogical analysis was performed among the derivatives that are among sources with pedigree from controlled or spontaneous interracial hybrids, in order to widen the lists of donors with certain characteristics.

Within each local race there were identified sources of early and late maturity (FAO <150 and FAO 600-650); sources with clear corneous endosperm; ears with 8-10 rows as well as ears with 18-22 rows of kernels; sources with heavy kernels within local races and depending on the consistency of the grain; sources with small and big grains; sources with small and large cobs as well as sources of resistance to stem lodging and breaking.

Taking into account the above, it is necessary to conclude that in the local maize races of the Moldova predominantly of the varieties of flint grains. Although at the time of collection these were collected from more or less homogeneous phenotypically isolated fields, the presence in some groups of segregated semidentiformis forms with white and orange grains (Moldavian racial complex). Some sources, initially selected from spatially isolated fields, contain traits of representatives of other races, which indicate the genetic heterogeneity of the sources within each of the local races.

71

Plant Breeding

THE PROTEIN CONTENT IN THE SEEDS OF CHICKPEA, SOYBEAN AND PEANUT MUTANT VARIETIES INDUCED BY

GAMMA RAY MUTAGENESIS

Dorin CLICIUC, Aliona MALII, Anna CHEBAN Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Lately, the problem of the food protein deficiency increased across the world, even in

developed countries, due to the overpopulation and the popularity of vegetarian life style. In order to solve this problem, new productive and resistant plant varieties are needed, but the content of valuable proteins in grains must be as well a priority.

The induced mutagenesis is widely used in creating of new varieties with desirable traits around the world. For the gamma ray induced mutagenesis, chickpea, soybean and peanut seeds of varieties created for R. Moldova were used: for chickpea - the Ichel variety; for soybean - the Alina and Zodiac varieties; and for peanut – the Kovarskii 17 variety were used. The doses applied for chickpeas were of 300 Gy, for soybeans - 250 Gy and for peanuts - 300 Gy. These doses were determined as semi-lethal for these varieties and are recommended for gamma ray mutagenesis for these crops. The gamma ray treatment was performed in an ionizing device - PXM-γ-20, supplied with Co60 isotope.

As a result, a number of chickpea, soybean and peanut mutant varieties have been selected, for different valuable traits, for example: larger grains, higher number of grains per plant, higher number of internodes per plant and increased resistance to negative environmental factors etc. In order to determine the protein content in grains, 10 mutant varieties for each crop were studied. The reserve protein content in grains was determined by the Bradford method. In chickpeas, the protein content in grains of the control (Ichel variety) constituted 19.1%. Among the studied mutants, 2 of them exceeded the control: the F31 mutant variety exceeded the control by 11%, containing 21.3% of protein in seeds, and the F43 mutant exceeded the control with 15%, containing 22.4% proteins in the seeds. The other mutant varieties had almost the same protein content or even lower than the control. In soybeans, 2 controls were used - the Alina variety with a protein content of 34.63%, and the Zodiac variety with a protein content of 35.78%. Among the studied mutant varieties, 2 of them exceeded the control by protein content in seeds - A3M7150 with a content of 35.91% (+ 3.7%) and Z1M6200 with a content of 38.46% (+ 7.49%). For other mutants, the protein content was lower than that of the control - for example, for the Z2M7250 mutant there were only 32.12% protein in seeds, which was with 10.2% less than in the control and the A1M6150 mutant had a protein content of 29.94%, which is with 13.34% less than the control.

For peanuts, the control has 25.9% protein in the grains, 2 of the studied mutant varieties exceeded control: the M91 mutant variety having a content of 28.52% protein in seeds, which exceeded the control by 10%, and M124 with 27.86% protein in seeds, which exceeded the control by 7.5%. Other mutant varieties had protein content close to or even less than the control.

The protein content in seeds of the chickpea, soybean and peanut mutant varieties induced by gamma ray mutagenesis varies in a wide range, from 3-7% for soybean up to 15% for chickpea compared to the initial varieties, used for mutagenesis.

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Plant Breeding

EVALUATION OF CHICKPEA BREEDING MATERIAL BY YIELD, RESULTS OF TESTING SOME CHARACTERS FOR

HOMO/HETEROGENEITY

Dmitrii CURSHUNZHI, Anna CHEBAN Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

The present studies were conducted to the evaluation for yield 19 genotypes of

chickpea in F8:9 generation and test for homo/heterogeneity selected for yield genotypes for following characters: type and seeds coat colour, weight 100 seeds, height plant and period maturity, that are important for put into practice (for cultivation). The experimental material comprised 19 genotypes; C6, C5, C4a, C3, C1, C14a, C13, C4b, C23, C21, C14b, C8, C9, C11, C17, C19, C22, C24, C32 that by origin from intraspecific hidrid combination ♀ MDI 02432(desi, black seeds) × ♂MDI 02419(kabuli,beige seeds).

The experimental material were grown in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated in three replicates, in the fields of the Institute in 2017. As standard was used cv. Botna. By Botna cv. phenotipic coefficient of variation for plant height amounted 9.2%, for weight of 100 seeds is 2.2% and the short period ripening (2 days) reveled low influence of environment.

The yield (mean) of the Botna cv. was 217 g/m2. By the productivity (grain yield) of 19 genotypes, were selected 14 viz.: C1, C4b, C14b, C32, C17, C24 without signifiant difference (±2.0%) from the Botna cultivar. Genotypes C6, C13, C14a, C11 and C8, C4a, C5, C3 are exceeded the standard by 8.0 – 9.2% and 11.1 – 18.1%, respectively. By type seeds no segregation was observed, that meaning homogeneity. Pigmentation of seeds: by genotypes C5 and C4a were segregated for brown/beige for one replication, the others without segregation.

For testing of homo/heterogeneity weight of 100 seeds and plant height is used dispersion (σ2). Weight of 100 seeds (mean) for selected genotypes varied within 30.43g (C1) – 36.76g (C14a), for Botna cv. this parameter amount 29.5g. For weight of 100 seeds dispersion by Botna cv. is (σ2 = 0.348), without significant difference from standard is genotype C1 (σ2 =0.329), the others genotypes with significant difference towards standard (value σ2 ranged within 0.865(C14b) – 3.168(C13)). Plant height (mean) varied within 42.3cm (C1) – 67.9cm (C13), by cv. Botna – 44.5cm. For plant height by Botna cultivar σ2 = 28.093, by the most genotypes for this parameter without significant difference from standard (within 27.463 – 28.182) with the exception of genotypes C4a (33.421) and C24 (34.049). Period of ripening by Botna were 21-22 July. The same short period were by genotypes C1, C11 and C24 with times of ripening 22-23 July, 26-27 July and 30 July-1 august, respectively. By others genotypes period of ripening constituted from 4 days (1-4 august; C6, C14b) to 9 days (30 July - 8 august, C5).

Consequently the most heterogeneity characters are weight of 100 seeds and period of ripening. For plant height and seeds pigmentation most genotypes is homogeneity, for seed type all genotypes is homogeneity.

73

Plant Breeding

SEED OIL QUALITY IN SAFFLOWER POPULATIONS DERIVED FROM INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION

Soheila ESPANANI1, Begoña PÉREZ-VICH2, Mohammad Mahdi MAJIDI1,

Leonardo VELASCO2 1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture,

Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; 2Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS-CSIC), Córdoba, Spain

Safflower oil is currently a minor commodity in the world market, but its production

is of great importance in some countries, for example Iran. Breeding safflower for specific objectives related to biotic and abiotic stresses may require the use of interspecific hybridization with wild relative species. However, there is little information on how interspecific breeding can affect oil content and quality in this crop. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to evaluate oil quality in populations derived from interspecific crosses between cultivated safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and the wild species C. oxyacantha M. Bieb. and C. palestinus Eig. Seed oil content, fatty acid profile, and tocopherol and phytosterol contents and profiles were measured. The results indicated that the populations derived from interspecific hybridization contain large variation for oil quality traits, which will allow recovering or even improving the initial levels of the cultivated parent. It was therefore concluded that interspecific breeding has not a negative impact on safflower oil quality. Moreover, several traits such as phytosterol content can be improved by selecting within populations derived from interspecific crosses.

74

Plant Breeding

TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES USED IN THE COMPANY AMG-AGROSELECT COMERT SRL FOR ENHANCING

THE QUALITY OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER SEEDS

Ion GISCA1, Aliona CUCEREAVII1, Steliana CLAPCO2, 1AMG-AgroSelect Comert SRL

2"Dimitrie Cantemir" State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Technologies for obtaining sunflower high yield production are directly related to the quality of the seed material. The healthy seeds, free of pathogens and seeds of weeds, could reduce the incidence of different diseases such as downy mildew, rust, Phomopsis stem canker, Sclerotinia white mold etc. Therefore, a superior quality seed characterized by high germinative power, physical integrity (no cracks), tolerance to environmental stress, disease and pest and early maturisation can play a vital role in increasing of total production and productivity due to their vigorous and uniform rising, with intense rhythm of growth in the initial phases, respectively a faster overrun of early disease attacks and soil pests.

To obtain sunflower commercial seeds, only certified seed, processed and placed on the market by the licensed producers or economic agents could be used. Small seeds, which couldn’t ensure a uniform distribution of plants in the field and can cause yield losses of 25-40%, have no commercial value and are discarded.

Therefore, a calibration by weight of sunflower seed before cultivation is needed. With this operation, the small, cracked, hulled and attacked by the diseases seeds are removed. As a result physical purity can grow up to 100% and the germination capacity to over 95%, ensuring a rapid, uniform outbreak, with large-scale crops less attacked by disease and, finally a production increasing. Intact seeds germinate in the proportion of 95%, cracked seeds - in 85%, and partially hulled sunflower seeds germinate less than in the 75%. The seed should be genetically identical to the cultivar released by the breeder, be full, healthy, have a biological purity of at least 99% and a germination rate of at least 96%.

To minimize pathogens attack and maintain the desirable plant density, treatment of parental seeds with fungicides and insecticides is recommended. Control of isolated pathogenic and saprophytic fungi includes treatment of the seed by fungicides (mefenoxam or oxadixil plus carbendazim – against downy mildew; procimidon, thiram, or thiophanate-methyl plus thiram – against white rot and grey mold). Key words: commercial seeds, sunflower, hybrid, productivity.

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Plant Breeding

ACHIEVEMENTS CONCERNING THE PRODUCTION OF HYBRID SUNFLOWER SEEDS IN THE COMPANY

AMG-AGROSELECT COMERT SRL

Ion GISCA, Aliona CUCEREAVII

AMG-Agroselect Comert SRL

Technology for cultivation of pre-basic and basic parental seeds, as well as certified sunflower seeds, is similar with the intensive technology for cultivation of commercial seeds. Due to the goal of producing high quality and genetically pure seeds, relatively free of pathogens, in the case of hybrid seeds production, some requirements are mentioned, as follow: spatial isolation of the fields; cultivation in the fields with fertile soil; sunflower in crop rotation should lie on the same field not earlier than 6-7 years.

In order to ensure a higher genetic quality of the seeds, the female inbred line should be pollinated only from the pollen of selected male inbred line, that’s why the fields must be isolated from pollen from other sources. The minimum distance from neighboring sources of pollen that could generate undesirable pollination should be: more than 1500 m – for the production of basic seed of hybrids and of the varieties other than hybrids; and minim 1200 m – for the production of certified seeds.

Sunflower is cultivated preferentially in the rotation with autumn or spring cereals (wheat, oats, barley, corn etc.). Due to their susceptibility to many common diseases (Sclerotinia, white and grey mold etc.), it is not recommended to sow sunflower in the field where sunflower, rape, soybeans, beans, chickpeas or mustard were cultivated the last 6-7 years.

Over the 20 years the sunflower hybridization areas in the seeds production companies, ranged between 5672 ha (1996) and 10543 ha (1991), ensuring a harvest from 2000 (1998) to 9382 (1992) tonnes of seeds from the first generation, which has fully ensured the sowing of fields for commercial sunflower seeds production.

Since 1999, the technologies of seeds production from Research Institute for Field Crops have been partially taken over by the company Magroselect, and then (in 2010) by the Agroselect Comert SRL. Within AMG - Agroselect Comert SRL during the period 2011-2017, 84 tonnes of basic seed of parental forms were grown on a total area of 140 hectares. The quantity of basic seed allows the growth of hybrid seeds according to the plan drawn up based on buyers' demand. The production of certified seed during this period was carried out on a total area of 6800 ha, from which 5500 tonnes were harvested, cleaned, stored and commercialized.

Although only 150 years have passed since the introduction of sunflower in the Republic of Moldova, we can surely observe that this branch has already accumulated a rich tradition of cultivation on an intensive industrial scale.

Key words: commercial seeds, sunflower, hybrid, productivity

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Plant Breeding

THE EFFECT OF ROW SPACING ON SEED YIELD AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERS OF DIFFERENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS AT SOUTH MARMARA REGION OF TURKEY

A. KARASU1, M. Oz2, A.T. GOKSOY1, R. DOGAN1, M. SİNCİK1, E. SENYIGIT1

1Uludag University, Faculty of Agrıculture,Departmant of Field Crops; 2Uludag University Mustafa Kemapaşa Vocational School

The research was carried out at experimental field of Mustafakemalpaşa, Bursa

where located at South Marmara region of Turkey during 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Three different row spacing (25 cm, 50 cm, 75 cm) and two soybean cultivars (Nova, Umut -2002) were tested randomized complete block design. The objectives of this study were to investigate seed yield and several agronomical traits effected by row spacing .

According to the results of two years, effects of the years were significant in all characters except for first pod height. There were significant differences between cultivars in terms of plant height and 1000 seed weight whereasthere was not different between the cultivars in seed yield. Row spacings were significant for plant height, the ratio of filling pot, 1000 seed weight and seed yield, the number of brances. Cultivar x row spacing interaction effects were significantfor all characters except for harvest index and the number of brances. As a result, cultivar x row spacing interaction revealed that the highest seed yield was optained from row spacing with 75 cm and in the cultivar Umut-2002.

Key words: Soybean, cultivar, row spacing, yield, yield components.

77

Plant Breeding

CONFECTIONERY PUMPKIN BREEDING: PRIORITIES AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

Yalcin KAYA, Necmi BESER

Trakya University, Engineering Faculty, Genetic and Bioengineering Department, Edirne, Turkey

Confectionery pumpkin (Cucurbito pepo L.) is one of the main snacks in the world. It

could be consumed both with husk and also hulless kernels. While hulless types are using generally for producing pumpkin oil to use mostly in salads, also over cakes and ingredients in recipes, normal types are consuming mostly as confectionery. It is also so healthy both having essential minerals and valuable antioxidants and also use commonly in diets and treatments to cure some diseases such as prostate, etc. China, Russia, India, Ukraine and United States are the main producer countries in the world. Confectionery pumpkins mainly grows in drylands in the world but irrigation increase much both seed yield and also seed weight. Mostly open pollinated cultivars use in the production but the hybrids are increasing the rates also in the market in recent years. However, hybrid production is not easy and is possible by hand with higher labor cost because of that there is no genetic and cytoplasmic male sterility in pumpkins. On the other hand, some chemical hybridization agents such as ethrel suggested to reduce especially male sterility. Therefore, it needs urgent development soon on both getting genetic and chemical male sterility. Beside, some biotic stress such as viruses, fungal diseases and also weeds are main reducing factors confectionery pumpkin production too. Therefore, new hybrids should have these resistant genes to these diseases in addition to higher seed yielding capacity and higher adaptation to different environments. Furthermore, there is few herbicides supplying effective weed control in pumpkin production. Recently, some molecular breeding methods especially molecular markers (MAS) are using extensively to develop new hybrids and inbred lines and to accelerate breeding program in pumpkins. On the other hand, more drought tolerance, bigger seed size, fatty acids especially high oleic for longer shelf life, E vitamin (tocopherol), new plant designs for less vines and semi bush types to increase plants per area, etc. are main goals in confectionery pumpkin breeding programs in addition to higher seed yield and quality. Key words: Confectionery pumkin, Sustainable production, Seed yield and quality, Hybrid breeding,

78

Plant Breeding

THE SYSTEM OF THE TESTING CORN HYBRIDS IN MOLDOVA

Vasile MATICIUC, Silvia MISTREŢ, Angela SPÂNU Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

Maize cultivation on large areas in Moldova (about 400 000 ha per year) is due to the

tradition and experience of cultivation, favorable weather conditions for growth and development of this culture; availability adaptability hybrids appropriate growth conditions; results achieved over the years and achieve production safety in the most difficult years;

The Institute of crop science "Porumbeni" has a scheme to create, test and promote new hybrids of corn, which includes the following steps: combinations new hybrid outlined in laboratories improvement after two years of testing, are studied in detail in the test for assessing the comparative culture of competition and ecological network. Testing hybrids in order to be admitted for use in the production process involves subjecting the new hybrid test the value for cultivation and use (VCU) is carried out according to traditional methods of assessing comparative culture of competition include the 150 hybrids, belonging to the six groups of maturity (25 hybrids in each group), tested at two densities (as many as three replications each), the surface plots of 10 m2. Hybrids are randomized. Each set is used as 2-3 hybrids standard, including 1-2 and a hybrid known their foreign origin. At these moments includes the biochemistry sector, studying hybrids after carotene, protein, oil, dextrin, depending of the direction of the hybrid. The ecological culture is studied annually 30-50 hybrids, select the comparative culture of competition after the first year of testing. Environmental testing hybrids FAO 150-300 is performed under appropriate conditions of growth in two locations in the north of the Republic of Moldova, Belarus, Russia. For hybrids FAO 350-500 ecological tests are performed 4-5 places of the country.

Laboratory data serve as a basis for including of new hybrids in the official trials. In the end, VCU test serves as the basis for the admission of the new hybrid in production, and the test DUS for the grant of its legal protection.

Only hybrids that have demonstrated performance against standard for 2 years in a row in the competition culture and benefit from a standard in the first year at all ecological points are submitted for official testing.

Official tests are submitted only hybrids that have demonstrated performance to standard two years in a row in the culture of competition and lead to standard first year every green. All at once, in addition, the new hybrid should demonstrate advantage over foreign hybrid used as a standard. So as criteria for promotion of new maize hybrids are as follows productivity, precocity resistance to disease, pests and unfavorable weather conditions, falling and breaking resistance, mechanical cultivation suitability to industrial production, and the ability of the seeds. Implementation in the producing new hybrids would ensure achieving outstanding results require mandatory testing them at their agronomic locale expected to be grown.

79

Plant Breeding

CREATION OF INBRED LINES OF ALFALFA ON THE BASIS OF A SIGN OF SELF-FERTILITY FOR SELECTION OF SYNTHETIC VARIETIES

G. MEIRMAN, S.YERZHANOVA, S. ABAYEV, B. KALIBAYEV,

F. NUSUBALIEVA Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and plant Growing, Kazahstan

The aim of the research was to create inbred lines with high combinational ability for

use as initial components of newly created synthetic varieties with a regulated genetic basis of the intrapopulation effect of heterosis in panmixia.

Methods of research: artificial self-pollination, field testing, electrophoresis of spare proteins, in-vitro, DNA analysis.

Results of the research: 100 lines of alfalfa and 50 lines of sainfoin were created by sequential carrying out of induction on genotypes J0, J1, J2, J3 and selection, taking into account the level of self-fertility, to assess their overall combination ability as components of synthetic varieties. The genetic diversity of the infernal line of alfalfa with a variation of H = from 0.245 to 0.422 units was established, and in the sainfoin line with a variation of H = from 0.245 to 0.274 units. The sainfoin lines (E-4230 and E-2236) and alfalfa (D-19/24, I-6/33, D-8/33) are characterized by the greatest genetic diversity. The genes of inbred lines have a partial similarity both in the spectra of seed storage proteins and in the amplified DNA fragments of the SSR type of markers. Of the 1,240 polycross progenies from the infernal line of alfalfa, 58 lines with a competitive heterosis rate of 20-30% and, accordingly, on a sainfoin of 486 polycross hybrids - 15 with a competitive heterosis rate of 15-24%, were singled out for general combining capacity. Microclonally propagated 2 valuable inbred lines of alfalfa -C-21/14 and K13 / 07 with the production of clones of 1566 pieces, as well as 2 valuable inbred lines of sainfoin -E-2247 and E-2269, producing clones of 787 pieces. On 30 lines of alfalfa and 15 sainfoins, hybrid seeds are harvested in sufficient quantities from polycross nurseries to assess their overall combinational ability

80

Plant Breeding

UNLOCKING THE FULL POTENTIAL OF 2,000 MAIZE INBRED LINES FOR NOWADAYS SOCIETAL NEEDS USING STATE OF THE ART

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOLS

Mihai MICLĂUȘ National R&D Institute for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania

An impressive collection of more than 2,000 maize inbred lines is currently being

preserved in Romanian and Moldavian seed banks. It’s a “hidden treasure” worth investigating. Its uniqueness resides in the long-standing history of breeding and selection processes that have shaped the genetic background of the germplasm to its current form since the 16th century, when the Turks introduced it to Romania. We previously genotyped a subset of 90 inbred lines from this collection (Suteu et al., 2013, PLoS One) uncovering its allelic richness and therefore its potential in breeding programs worldwide. We are currently analyzing 250 more inbred lines and we are planning to genotype-by-sequence (GBS) 2,000 more this year, in an effort to unlock the full potential of the Romanian and Moldavian germplasms in terms of predictive breeding. We plan to unlock the full potential of the core collections from both countries by probing their genetic make-up using state of the art molecular biology tools such as GBS and elaborated bioinformatic pipelines. Adding 2,000 inbred lines to our genotyping efforts will boost our predictive breeding power. Consequently, we’ll be able to advise breeders in their efforts to create superior hybrids, which are more amenable to nowadays societal needs.

81

Plant Breeding

IMPROVING OF MAIZE INBRED LINES BY DIHAPLOID SELECTION

Mihail MIHAILOV Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Recently the double haploid (DH) lines are widely used in maize breeding. To derive

them, haploids are first obtained from the heterozygous genotype, then haploids are doubled with colchicine or otherwise. Haploids are usually obtained by pollinating the source material with a special inducer. We use our inducer LHI, which gives 15% of haploid kernels.

DH lines are recombinant homozygous forms in which the ancestor genes are randomly intermixed. In this respect, they are similar to recombinant inbred lines, but are derived in a shorter time. This makes DH lines a convenient tool for combining genet, and allows them to be used in various breeding and genetic aims.

Our aim was to obtain a recombinant line in which as many as possible positive alleles from both parents would come together. Rf7 and Ku123 lines were chosen as ancestors. In first cycle, 41 DH lines were derived from Rf7xKu123 hybrid. Only one of them exceeded the best parent Rf7 for grain yield of first ear (113 versus 103 gm per plant). DH lines were tested in different years, but here and below we will give data 2017 for equability, because only this year all the cycles were tested simultaneously. The productivity will be estimated by the first ear, since this trait proved to be less variable than the total productivity.

The second cycle was carried out in two variants. In first variant, the line rk-6 from first cycle was chosen. It was not the most productive, but it had the best combining ability in cross with Rf7. Hence, we concluded that it had accumulated a sufficient number of positive alleles from Ku123, and it needs additional alleles from Rf7. To add new alleles, a cross rk-6 x Rf7 was made and 49 DH lines were obtained from this cross. This operation leads not only to the addition of new positive alleles, but also to a partial loss of previously accumulated ones. With a single DH line would be a risk, but since there are many lines, it can be hoped that the best line will have fewer losses and more profit. As a result, 6 of 49 lines exceeded the Rf7 level, while the best of them had a productivity of 120 gm.

For the second variant, the best line of the first cycle rk-5 was chosen. To add new positive alleles, it was crossed with F1 and 41 DH lines were derived from this cross. The result was similar to the first variant. The Rf7 level was exceeded in 9 of 49 lines with maximum value of 118 gm.

For the third cycle, the line rk-148 from the first variant of the second cycle was chosen, because it had the best combining ability in cross with Rf7. For the same reason as before, it was crossed with Rf7, and 24 DH lines were obtained. 4 of them exceeded the level of Rf7, the best line rk-433 had productivity of 128 gm.

Thus, for three cycles of dihaploid selection, the productivity of the first ear has increased by 25%, from 103 to 128 gm, on average by 8% per cycle. The distance between the best parent and F2 (137 gm) has passed by 3/4. At such rates, we can expect to overcome the level of F2 in another 1-2 cycles, which will mean a partially fixed heterosis.

82

Plant Breeding

OIL CROPS BREEDING FOR IMPROVED SEED COMPOSITION – ACHIEVEMENTS OF NS BREEDING PROGRAM

Dragana MILADINOVIĆ, Ana MARJANOVIĆ JEROMELA, Nada HLADNI,

Siniša JOCIĆ, Sandra CVEJIĆ, Aleksandra DIMITRIJEVIĆ, Milan JOCKOVIĆ, Vladimir MIKLIČ

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia

Following the trends of food and non-food industries, breeders succeeded in significantly changing the seed composition of oil crops, especially the composition of fatty acids and tocopherols, as well as protein content. Oil crops breeding at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia (IFVCNS) has a successful 50-year long tradition. Over the years, the breeding program resulted in creating collection of 7000 sunflower inbred lines and substantial collection of rapeseed and minor oil crops genotypes with changed oil and protein quality and content.

In sunflower, IFVCNS was among the first institutions in Europe to create hybrids with high oleic acid content in sunflower oil using classical breeding methods. These are the hybrids Olivko and Oliva in Serbia, hybrids Goleador and Olinca registered in Italy and Saša in Russia. Furthermore, genotypes with a high content of saturated fatty acids were developed by mutagenesis, presenting a valuable material for the creation of special purpose hybrids.

Continuous work on the creation of new highly productive low-oil sunflower hybrids of the confectionery type resulted in the change of assortment in the Serbian market. Domestic and foreign confectionery varieties with large black seeds have been replaced by NS confectionery hybrids, such as NS Gricko, NS Slatki, NS Garavi and NS Leviathan. These hybrids have lower oil content compared to standard (below 40%) with protein content of over 20% and good stability and adaptability.

At IFVCNS, the only Serbian research institute dealing with rapeseed breeding, 11 varieties and 20 lines of spring type, and 56 varieties and 980 lines of winter type rapeseed have been developed, so far. One of the main breeding goals is to create genotypes with a specific level and combination of different fatty acids and tocopherols. This resulted in genotypes rich in essential fatty acids as well as water-soluble vitamins (α- and γ-tocopherols) making the NS varieties, such as high-oleic variety Kata, not only desirable for biodiesel production, but also nutritionally valuable.

The results obtained so far at IFVCNS showed that combination of several quality traits in a single phenotype can enable tailoring specialty oils providing essentially “new oilseed crops” for specific uses in the food and non-food industry, thus guaranteeing a promising future for oil crops on the global market.

83

Plant Breeding

IMPROVEMENT OF USEFUL GERMPLASM IN EARLY MAIZE BREEDING

Simion MUSTEAȚĂ

Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Republic of Moldova

In our testing program of early maize for export to areas with cool and limited period of vegetation the greatest performance has been obtained in single cross hybrids realized in heterotic patterns Reid Iodent x BSSS-B37 and Reid Iodent x Euroflint. These three groups of germplasm, considered to be more successful at present, being used in constructing breeding starts. The recycling of superior commercial inbred lines is a common method for improvement of weakness agronomic valuable traits, including general combining ability. Among Reid Iodent heterotic group an essential genetic progress has resulted in inbred lines MKP 60, MKP 61, MKP 63 and MKP 64, included as female parents in 8 hybrids registered in Belarus, Moldova and Romania. These lines have been involved in crosses with late and related early components in the initial material. The new inbred lines from the second cycle of selection inherited earliness, stalk and root lodging resistance, plant diseases tolerance, stay-green, other favorable traits from the original versions and have an average or a superior general combining ability. Some of them are used as parents in advanced and precommercial hybrids. Now in backcrosses, with 25% of genome, distinct and competitive private company hybrids from late group of maturity are used. The germplasm of Reid Iodent group, selected to higher plant density, is adapted to local stress abiotic factors, have superior grain yield, faster rate of ear dry down, saleable seed sizes and preferable as female parents in hybrids. In planned crosses of the breeding start material from BSSS-B37 group two inbred lines, considered to be the best for general combining ability, frequently are used. This alternative heterotic group in our germplasm collection is presented by a restricted number of early related inbred lines and a greater gain of favorable alleles is expected from late donors. Inbred lines from BSSS-B37 heterotic group are more affected by heat and drought and they can be used preponderantly as male parents. The most often used sources of initial material for improvement are backcrosses with analogues MKP 70MRf and MKP 71MRf as recurrent parents. To increase the diversity of genotypes it is used an alternate, modified backcrossing where recurrent parents are new experimental related inbred lines. Our preliminary results confirmed that introgression of a small amount (25%) of donor`s genome in BC1 populations can have significant effects on agronomic traits performance.

In new breeding start sources for improvement of inbred lines from European Flint heterotic group, adapted to cooler temperatures and shorter seasons with longer days, commercial inbred lines MKP 22MRf and AN 615/95MRf are used. Late lines from BSSS-B37 and Lancaster heterotic groups that differ in flowering time by 10-15 days are involved as donors of higher combining ability. Before backcrossing to early recurrent parent, we select the best S3-S4 progenies that are phenotypically similar to the late inbred lines and possess the flint consistence of kernels. We concluded that the breeding program, where the start selection cycle of improvement is based on the best parents (inbred lines) of commercial hybrids, permits to develop new related lines directly included in performant heterotic patterns.

84

Plant Breeding

SUNFLOWER BREEDING. NEW APPROACH RELATED TO THE SEED MARKET REQUEST

Maria PACUREANU-JOITA

National Agricultural Research and Development Institute – Fundulea, Romania

The beginning of scientifically grounded sunflower breeding date to 1912, when a program of varietal development was established. First methods applied in sunflower breeding were mass and individual selection for specific characteristics.

Under the leadership of V.S. Pustovoit, a method was developed for obtaining high-yielding varietal populations based on individual selection and seed reserve that is used through the selection cycle. Using this method, the oil content in seed was increased from 35% to 55%.

The resistance to the parasite Orobanche cumana and some diseases was incorporated into sunflower varieties.

Another step in sunflower breeding was made by G. Pustovoit when it was introduced interspecific hybridization (crossing H. tuberosus with cultivated sunflower).

Extensive genetic studies on sunflower inbreeding and heterosis were conducted in the second half of the 20th century by a large number of researchers.

Practical utilization of heterosis in sunflower begun with the discovery of a stable source of cytoplasmic male sterility, discovered by Leclerq in 1969, in the wild sunflower H. petiolaris.

After the discovery of the first cms and first restorer gene (by Kinman, 1970), a large number of breeding centers for developing sunflower hybrids were established.

The first objectives in sunflower breeding programs place emphasis on high seed yield and high oil content. The selection must be targeted on genotypes with high oil content in kernels – to obtain a high oil yield per unit. For a successful realization of high yields it is necessary to improve a range of properties and characteristics, such harvest index, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, earliness, adaptability.

The increase in market segmentation has had a great impact on breeding goals in the last few years.

In recent period, introgression of genes for herbicides resistance (imidazolinone and sulfonylurea) from wild Helianthus species has become a topical breeding objective for both oil and confectionery sunflower.

Detection of genes for modified oil quality of sunflower and their introduction into productive genotypes are important objectives. The new mutant have a high oleic acid content or palmitic or stearic acid. Developing hybrids with modified tocopherols (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) is an important breeding objective because this feature may increase storage life of oil.

Defining an ideal plant type, for specific agroecological conditions is also important in sunflower breeding. Key words: sunflower breeding, seed yield, oil quality, resistance to herbicides, market request.

85

Plant Breeding

COMBINING GENE AND GENOME MUTATIONS IN MAIZE BREEDING FOR GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT AND QUALITY

Andrei PALII1, Grigorii BATIRU1, Galina COMAROVA1, Alexandr ROTARI2,

Dumitru COJOCARI 1 1State Agrarian University of Moldova;

2Institute of Crop Sciences "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

Maize is an important source of vegetable protein, but compared to other cereals, it contains a relatively small amount of protein in grains (about 10%). At the same time, the biological value is low due to the limitation of essential amino acids, lysine and tryptophan. By various methods of amelioration (selection, polyploidy, mutagenesis, wide hybridization), the protein level can be increased considerably and the biological value can be elevated by using spontaneous mutations such as opaque-2 (O2) gene that increase lysine content in protein. In our research we study the possibility of combining genome-wide (poliploidy) and gene (gene O2) mutations in order to increase the quantity and quality of grain protein. This paper presents the results of the evaluation of protein and lysine content in diploid and tetraploid maize with the o2 gene in the year of vegetation 2017. As research material we used diploid and tetraploid forms with opaque-2 gene belonging to two hybrids homologated in Moldova Chişiniovschi 307 PL and Chisiniovschi 401 L. The tetraploid forms were obtained by colchicinization at the Department of Plant Biology of the State Agrarian University of Moldova during 2010-2011 and are maintained in populations. The weather conditions during the growing season were within the normal range for corn growing. Biochemical analyzes of diploid and tetraploid o2 grains were performed by infrared spectroscopy on the IR 4500 (US) and also using classic methods. These analyzes were performed in the Biochemistry Laboratory of the Institute of Crop Production "Porumbeni" under the direction of Dr. E. Rotari. Growth of tetraploid plants was slower and habitus at flowering was shorter than diploid forms. The tetraploid ears were shorter, filling - lower, and larger grains. All of these features are specific for tetraploids, are largely genotype dependent and should be considered in biochemical analyzes. Since grain filling is lower and the grains are larger, the protein content is also higher. To minimize this, during the flowering period, tetraploid plants were pollinated abundantly several times until the stigmas were dried. Generally, the higher the degree of heterozygosity of the tetraploid genotype, the more ears are filled. For biochemical analyzes, samples were prepared only from well-filled ear. As expected, the protein content in the tetraploid grains at all genotypes was on average one percent absolute value higher than in diploid grains, but varied widely among the populations, which denotes genotypic specificity in determining this index. The level of lysine in the dry matter was about fifty percent relative value higher, but related to protein content, did not differ essentially compared to diploids. The obtained results demonstrate the possibility of increasing protein content and its quality by polyploidy in maize genotypes with the o2 gene.

86

Plant Breeding

HAPLOID TECHNOLOGIES IN MAIZE BREEDING

Valeriu ROTARENCO1, Georgeta DICU2 1 VAR BREEDING Ltd, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova;

2 EVO PLANT SRL Calarasi, Romania

A genotype with an ability to induce maternal haploids in vivo, haploid inducer (Stock 6), was developed by Ed. Coe in 1959 and that was a breakthrough in the implementation of haploid technologies in maize breeding and research. However, using such technologies in large breeding programs in different environments has required a significant improvement of the inducers. The frequency of haploid induction in our new inducers is 15-20%, whereas in the initial inducers, Stock 6 and MHI (Chalyk, 1999), it is 1-2% and 6-8%, respectively. New inducers possess additional marker genes, Pl1 and B1, which simplify the identification of haploids at different growing stages. All important agronomic traits of the new inducers have also been improved.

The doubled haploid (DH) technology has already become an important tool which accelerates the production of inbred lines in maize breeding – it takes only two seasons to obtain a completely homozygous line. We have managed to develop a rather efficient DH technique which is allowing us to produce hundreds of DH lines every year.

In haploid plants, allelic gene interactions (dominance and overdominance) are lacking and that facilitates the identification of genotypes with favorable non-allelic gene effects. Based on this fact, we have proposed to use haploid plants in a recurrent selection scheme to improve breeding initial material - synthetic populations. The Haploid Recurrent Selection (HRS) is applied in two populations - SP and SA. After five cycles of HRS, the grain-yield increase per cycle was more than 10% in both populations - it is a significantly higher result in comparison with the other known recurrent selection schemes (2-4%) (Hallauer and Miranda, 2010). The SP population has reached the grain-yield level of F1 hybrids used in maize production.

On our opinion, the haploid technologies have a high potential both to accelerate the breeding process and increase its efficiency.

87

Plant Breeding

IMPROVEMENT OF MAIZE INBRED LINES BY A MUTATION-BREEDING APPROACH

Valeriu ROTARENCO, Victoria ROTARENCO

VAR BREEDING Ltd., Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

The development of inbred lines is the fundamental part of a hybrid breeding program in maize. Most of the effort takes the evaluation of combining ability of inbreds – testcrosses have to be estimated in replicated multi-location trials. Due to a very low frequency of lines with a good combining ability (0,01%), a successful breeding program has to operate with a constantly updated large number of inbreds produced from a wide variety of germplasm. Alternatively, an improvement of elite lines, parent lines of commercial hybrids, can be carried out. Special crossing schemes, such as backcrosses, are usually applied to improve inbred lines for desirable traits and characteristics; however, in most of the cases, they lead a grain-yield decrease in their hybrids. Artificial mutagenesis can also be used to produce genetic modifications within a homozygous material (inbred lines) developing thus an initial material for breeding work.

Chemical mutagens were applied to induce mutations in a well-known inbred line B73. Selection for a higher grain productivity and earlier flowering was carried out in the progeny of a mutagenetic plant (M1). As a result, six new versions of this line, B73(V1-V6), were developed and estimated: five new lines significantly exceeded the initial one for grain productivity and had a much earlier flowering – from 7 to 10 days. Almost the same flowering time differences have been revealed in the estimation of the hybrid B73 x Mo17 and six hybrids between the new lines and Mo17. Three new hybrids significantly exceeded the initial one for grain productivity.

Thus, the obtained results allow us to consider the applied mutation-breeding method as a possible useful tool in the improvement of inbred lines for both per se performance and combining ability. During the last three years, mutagenic plants have been obtained in Mo17 and several inbred lines which are widely used as the parent lines of local commercial hybrids.

The applied mutation-breeding approach requires further studies and all interested parties are invited to collaborate on this project.

88

Plant Breeding

RESULTS OF STUDYING OF WINTER DURUM WHEAT

Silvia ROTARI, Andrei GORE Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

We have made interspecefic and intraspecific crossings with purpose of creating new

forms and sorts of winter durum wheat that are winter - hardiness, non - lodging and more productive than check variety Hordeiforme 335, at the level of the best sorts of winter soft wheat. We have selected forms and sorts with large grains.

By the way of multi – selections there have been separated from hybrid combinations high productive and low stalk plants which have been a good winter – hardiness, resistant to powdery mildew, rust and fusarial disease. These forms in the last years were studied in the control and competitive fields. Yield of grains of the best lines separated from different hybrids was 6,8-8,7 t/ha.,which is with 0,1-2,0 t/ha more than at the standard sort. The studying of new lines in the control and competitive testings, let us to select some of them which are better than our best sorts by productivity and resistance to abiotic and biotic factors of the environment. In the result of this work performed by us in the last years we have created new sorts of winter durum wheat: Auriu 1, 2, 3, Leucurum 1,2 and Hordeiforme 3. The sorts enumerate abobe have got a good winter – hardiness, middle – ripening, resistance to diseases and to lodging, high technology qualities of grain and others. They have got large grain with amber yellow colour, contenting high percentage of protein (13-15%) and gluten (25-30%).

Productivity of new sorts in the field of reproduction in 2017 year was in the limits of 4,0-6,7 t/ha. The most productive sort Auriu 2 in this year was transfered for studying to the State Commision for Crops variety Testing of Republic of Moldova. Variety of sort Auriu 2 is hordeiforme. It has got prizmatic spike of middle length (7,5-8,8 cm.) and dense. The spikelet glume is extended. Tune of glume is middle and arcuated. The shoulder of glume is raised and narrow. Awns of spike are long, jagged and hard, light red. Caryopsis is amber, extended and large. The mass of 1000 grains was 48-52 gramme. Form of wheat bush is raised. The leaf of middle width was glabrescent with a cereous raid. Height of plants was 85-92 cm. Straw is of middle thickness, solid, high resistent to lodging. The sort is of middle – ripening and with a vegetation period of 265-269 days. Winter – hardiness is higher than middle. It is distinguished by high stability to the early spring and summer drought even in droughty years forming grains of large size and high quality. This sort of wheat Auriu 2 has demonstrated high stability to diseases. Potential of the productivity of this new variety is enough high, about 6,5 t/ha.

As a result of long – term work by the selectionists of our institute were created and other sorts of this new cereal resistent to winter conditions and with high productivity along with other economic valuable characters. These sorts of wheat of the Republic of Moldova, in any way they are valuable donors in hybridizations.

89

Plant Breeding

SEEDS OF WHITE LUPIN (Lupinus albus L.) AS A VALUABLE SOURCE OF FAT AND FATTY ACIDS

Wojciech RYBIŃSKI1, Wojciech ŚWIĘCICKI1, Elżbieta STARZYCKA-KORBAS2,

Michał STARZYCKI2, Paweł BARZYK3 1Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland;

2Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Department of Oil Plants, Poznań, Poland;

3Poznań Plant Breeders Ltd, Wiatrowo Plant Breeding Branch, Wągrowiec, Poland

Lupin is an economically and agriculturally valuable plant and together with others legumes and cereals represent main source of protein in human diet. Lupin is also rich in dietary fibre carbohydrates. Among legumes, the white lupin (L. albus) is one of the neglected crops however it has the longest history in human consumption dating back to pre-Roman times. For white lupine as a high protein crop the main attention is particularly focused on protein quality (the amino acid profile) however much less attention is focused on the content and quality of oil. The paper presents an attempt to assess the variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles in hybrid seeds of chosen cross combinations of white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). The initial material for crosses (four combinations) comprised accessions of domestic collection represented a valuable agricultural traits and various fat content. Soxhlet analysis was performed in order to quantify seed oil. Composition of fatty acids were determined (GC) using a Hewlett Packard gas chromatograph. As a result of a chromatograph usage followed fatty acids were estimated: palmitic (C16:0), stearic (C18:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2) linolenic (C18:3), eicosenoic (C20:1) and erucic (C22:1). The results of performed chemical analysis in the F3 indicated on a broad variation of studied hybrids in term of observed variability of fat content and fatty acids profiles, within as well as among used combinations. On the basis of obtained results the most promising combination (AL-22 x Kalina) was selected for further analysis in F4 generation. Appropriate choosing of this combination was confirmed in F4 by higher average fat content in hybrid seeds (10,7%) in comparison to theirs parents (9,8%) and broad fat content ranged in seeds of hybrids from 6,5 to 14%. From a dietetic point of view, oil quality is more important than oil quantity in lupin seeds. On average the fatty acid (FA) in examined hybrids ranked in following order of abundance: oleic acid (C18:1) > linoleic acid (C18:2) > linolenic acid (C18:3) > palmitic acid (C16:0) > eicosenoic acid (C20:1) > stearic acid (C18:0) ≈ erucic acid (C22:1). Among polyunsaturated fatty acids dominated the linoleic FA (ω –6), followed by linolenic FA (ω–3). As a consequence, the examined white lupin seeds showed a very favourable ω–3/ω–6 FA ratio (0,46), ranging from 0,21 to 0,70, much higher than that of most vegetable oils. Particularly important are hybrids defined similarly to rapeseeds as “zero erucic” forms.

90

Plant Breeding

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND YIELD RELATED TRAITS OF GARDEN CRESS (Lepidium sativum L.) ACCESSIONS

Naser SABAGHNIA*, Mohsen JANMOHAMMADI

Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran

A two-year experiment was conducted based on a replicated 9×9 simple lattice

design with four replications. 81 garden cress accessions were assessed based on 19 quantitative traits. Significant differences among accessions were revealed for the most of traits. The principal component (PC) analysis performed on all measured traits, allowed a distinction among the measured traits and indicated that first four PCs accounted 84% of the observed variation at the first year and first five PCs accounted 82% of the total variation at the second year. The plant height, flowering period, biological yield and especially main axis length had good associations with seed yield at both years but the yield components; number of siliques per plant, number of seeds of silique per plant and thousand-seed weight showed relatively weak or moderate associations with seed yield. The dataset was used to analyze Ward’s hierarchic clustering and the garden cress accessions grouped to the six (the first year) and five (the second year) clusters. The cluster V of the first year and the clusters V and VI of the second year had the highest values for biological yield, thousand seed weight and seed yield and yield components. Based on the observed structure of variation, it is concluded that the morphological variation in the garden cress accessions studied is affected by environmental factors. The implications of the results for plant breeding programs are discussed and concluded that accessions of V and VI and traits plant height, flowering period, biological yield and main axis length would be useful for using in genetic improvement targets. Key words: Classification — cluster analysis — morphological traits — principal component analysis

91

Plant Breeding

NEW SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES WITH INCREASED DROUGHT RESISTANCE AND CONSTANT PRODUCTIVITY IN ORGANIC

FARMING SYSTEMS

Florentina SAUCĂ, Elena PETCU, Florin Gabriel ANTON National Agricultural Research & Development Institute – Fundulea, Romania

Under the agreement the EU integration of our country one of the measures imposed,

inter alia, there is implementation of organic farming system. This new type of farming is called sustainable agriculture and it involves a set of techniques and practices that should ensure a satisfactory production, ensuring food requirements, and environmental protection.

Given the major changes that were recorded in the last 10 years, we believe that one of the main objectives of sunflower researcher it is the improving sunflower adaptability to environmental conditions, with high productivity in extreme drought conditions and organic farming system.

Wild sunflower species could be the main source for biodiversity of cultivated species.

Given global warming forecasted by experts, we proposed to identify genotypes created at NARDI Fundulea for classical culture who responded well and in system of ecological culture and shortening breeding for "drought" by introgression of resistance genes into cultivated sunflower from Helianthus argophyllus.

The research results are included in the general context of developing the agricultural sector (bio) by identifying genotypes sunflower productions that give constant regardless of climate zone.

A genetic breakthrough has been achieved for the studied characters (production,TKW and oil content) on all the lines presented. One of the lines (Bio 7) showed favorable values for all the evaluated characters.

Four of the seven improved lines, increased production was obtained from the mother line, both in Fundulea and Stupina, the other three lines having a production increase in only one of the two localities.

Improved lines have better capacity for oil production under drought conditions. This is an important achievement for researchers at NARDI Fundulea and the

ecological farmers.

92

Plant Breeding

MOGYI LTD.’S BREEDING PROGRAM

Elvira SIPOS, András FIEDLER Mogyi Ltd., Csavoly, Hungary

Mogyi Ltd. was founded by two brothers 27 years ago, since then it has become

Hungary’s leading snack company, we’re distributing our products to 28 countries worldwide. We are growing the sunflower material on 12-14 thousand hectares annually. We started our own confection sunflower breeding program 15 years ago.

Confection sunflower must compete with oil sunflower for production area. Our goals are: 1. The yield of the hybrids must meet the specific needs of Mogyi Ltd. Confection

sunflower has two main groups of uses: shelled and snack. The good flavour is always very important!

2. Incorporating resistence genes. Orobanche cumana and the spreading of new peronospora halstedii races cause big

problems in Hungary and in many European countries. We made our breeding more effective by using markers. Our goal is to incorporate resistance genes (Or6, Or7, Pl8) against the newest races. 3. The productivity and agrotechnical qualities of our hybrids meet the expectations of

our producers. Our hybrids can be treated by conventional herbicides or they have imidazoline resistance. The secret of our efficiency is that we are working with a wide genetical base of

breeding materials and we are realising our own specific targets.

93

Plant Breeding

SUNFLOWER BREEDING IN THE INSTITUTE OF OILSEED CROPS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES OF

UKRAINE

Anatoliy SOROKA, Natalia KUTISHCHEVA Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ukraine,

Sunflower is an economically profitable crop and is of a great demand for the

processing industry. Due to intensive sunflower growing, violation in crop rotation, emergence of new and proliferating previously known diseases, use of a single type of CMS, new challenges arise – to develop novel high-yielding, resistant to main pathogens and diseases sunflower hybrids.

The development and implementation of the theoretical principles for introgression of wild germplasm is an important issue for the development of new hybrids. Working with donors of valuable traits makes it possible to involve more profoundly the possibilities of genetic resources, classical genetics and biotechnology into the plant breeding. The Institute of Oilseed Crops conducts a permanent breeding work on the development of self-pollinated sunflower lines with new qualities, both with the use of cultivated sunflower and with the involvement of wild Heliantus relatives.

Novel constant lines are created, those lines are also transferred to a sterile basis, pollen fertility restorer lines are developed, resistance to new races of broomrape and downy mildew is introduced into lines using genetic sources of resistance, and constant search is conducted for new donors of resistance against diseases and abiotic environmental factors. The variability and inheritance of systems for determining phenotypic manifestation of traits are studied. Their general and specific combining ability, which is the basis for the development of sunflower hybrids with genetic resistance against the main phytopathogens, is investigated.

The fairly narrow genetic base of sunflower does not allow its efficient breeding. Therefore, we develop methods that contribute to the expansion of genetic variability using induced mutagenesis combined with an embryo rescue technique. The use of 9-16 day old immature embryos as an object for mutagenic treatment leads to a 2-3-fold increase in the frequency of hereditary changes and the expansion of the variability spectrum, which is largely due to the age of the treated embryos. Biotechnological approaches found a successful application in other aspects as well. For example, a long vegetation period of sunflower does not allow its accelerated breeding. At the same time, the use of such a technique as embryo resque makes it possible to increase the number of generations within one year, which provides a basis for more efficient development of a new breeding material.

The genetics of new mutant traits of sunflower, isolated as a result of immature embryos treatment with chemical mutagens, is also being studied. Many of the mutant traits identified after the mutagenic treatment are characterized by a simple genetic control. This makes it easy to transfer those characteristics to the breeding material, involving mutant lines in crosses. Thus, the use of immature embryos as an object for mutagen treatment made it possible to obtain a number of sunflower accesions with the new traits that could not be detected using other approaches.

94

Plant Breeding

INTEGRATION OF MOLECULAR TOOLS TO OIL AND ENERGY CROPS BREEDING: CASE STUDIES IN GROUNDNUT, SESAME,

SOYBEAN AND SWEET SORGHUM

Bulent UZUN, Engin YOL, Rustem USTUN, Birgul GUDEN Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

Essential goal of oil and energy crops breeding methods is to construct diverse

populations with new genetic diversity and then select desired plants suitable for targeting breeding purposes as in all other crop improvement programs. This simple work flow in breeding programs is costly, time-consuming, complex and needs qualified person and good infrastructure. Molecular tools provides many advantages to overcome such difficulties with high-throughput screening and analysis at DNA level. In this work, our molecular breeding applications in groundnut, sesame, soybean and sweet sorghum were discussed. Molecular markers specific to sclerotinia blight caused by Sclerotinia minor, rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.), root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria), late leaf spot (Cercosporidium personatum) and high oleic acid (ahFAD2A and ahFAD2B genes) were used to both for screening the genotypes for the traits studied and marker assisted selection in backcross breeding in groundnut. A real-time qPCR assay was developed for detection and quantifying of phytoplasmas in sesame phyllody resistant breeding program. With this tool, we were able to determine phytoplasma loads in each genotype so that true resistance sources with symptomological responses could be distinguished in sesame. We are now running a program on non-transgenic high oleic soybean breeding. PI 603452 accession having a deletion of a nucleotide in FAD2-1A allele and PI 283327 accession having mutated FAD2-1B allele, which have separately relative high oleic acid contents, have taken under breeding program to transfer these mutant alleles to commercial cultivars. Pyramiding of these alleles in one genotype lead to super oleic acid content (more than 80%) in soybean seeds. Last but not least, molecular tools allow us to screen 561 different sorghum accessions for resistance to sorghum aphid (Melanaphis sacchari). Molecular and morphological evidences indicated that one sweet sorghum accession was resistant to sorghum aphid. This finding is very important since sweet sorghum with sweet plant juice is under much heavier attack by the aphid than other sorghum types. The incorporating of these useful genes and alleles in groundnut, sesame, soybean and sweet sorghum into corresponding backgrounds is still underway.

Acknowledgements: We are grateful to TUBITAK for funding these projects with

numbers of 111O027 and 113O092.

95

Plant Breeding

HYBRIDIZATION BETWEEN CULTIVATED SUNFLOWER Helianthus annuus L. AND THE WILD SPECIES Helianthus divaricatus L.

Daniela VALKOVA, Nina NENOVA, Valentina ENCHEVA

Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria

Interspecific hybridization was carried out between cultivated sunflower Helianthus annuus L. and wild perennial species Helianthus divaricatus L. Hybrid plants were produced using classical breeding methods and the biotechnological method embryo rescue. The degree of crossability was determined. The obtained plants were characterized on some morphological and phenological traits. It was established that studied accessions of H. divaricatus carried Rf genes for CMS Pet1. Because of self-pollination, sib-pollination and backcrossing F2 and BC1 generations were obtained, characterized with great diversity in their morphological and phenological traits. The embryo rescue method could be successfully used for overcoming the difficulties in applying of classical breeding methods. As a result of purposeful selection some new forms, resistant to downy mildew and broomrape were obtained. Key words: Helianthus divaricatus L., crossability, embryo rescue

96

Plant Breeding

DEVELOPMENT OF FABA BEAN IN CANADA – PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE

Albert VANDENBERG1, Randy PURVES1, Bunyamin TAR’AN1,

Stefano ZANOTTO1, Jessa HUGHES1, Anteneh FEYISSA1, Judit SMITS2, Fitsum GETACHEW2, Haixia ZHANG1, Hamid KHAZAEI1.

1Department of Plant Sciences/Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada;

2Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada

The current crop production base in the western Canadian prairies is about 30 million ha. Grain production started about 150 years ago, beginning with cereal grains like wheat, oats, barley, and more recently, maize. Oilseed crops, especially canola, were developed and then successfully introduced in the past 60 years. In the past 50 years, the pea, lentil, chickpea, soybean and common bean crops were also successfully introduced as economically and ecologically competitive grain legumes into the crop production systems. One of the main perceptions of biological reasons for using legumes in crop rotations is the benefits they provide through nitrogen fixation. In spite of the fact that faba bean is a superior nitrogen fixer, and is known to provide excellent benefits in crop rotations, it has lagged in economic expansion. Since the late 1970s, the development of faba bean in western Canada has had intermittent investment and inconclusive commercial success. The biologic, economic, technical, and socioeconomic factors affecting faba bean underdevelopment will be reviewed. Recent scientific, technical and economic developments that fundamentally will lead to rapid uptake of faba bean production will be presented.

97

Plant Breeding

BREEDING CORN FOR DROUGHT TOLERANCE

Nicolai VANICOVICI, Vitalie MIRZA Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

In the Republic of Moldova corn is considered to be one of the most important cereal

and fodder crops, which occupies about 400 000 ha per year and 90-95% of this area is sown with domestic hybrids, which have such precious qualities as the increased resistance to root and stalk lodging, diseases and pests, heat and drought. Also, with a longer vegetation period, semilate hybrids are more preferred by producers, ensuring higher yields than earlier maturity groups.

These hybrids have a range of valuable biological capacities that have high grain and silo productivity, are well adapted to local climatic conditions, which are often drought, resistant increased plant densities, positive reaction to the use of mineral fertilizers and irrigation, suited to modern technologies, possesses other valuable agronomic indices.

Drought is a climatic phenomenon encompassing water limited conditions that reduce plant vegetative growth and can have severe effects on seed production. The optimal strategy for a plant type to produce the most seeds under drought may vary greatly depending on the nature of the stress. Under stressful conditions of Moldova, not only new hybrids have high productivity but also the parental forms of these hybrids - the new experimental inbred lines.

In our research, when creating new maize lines resistant to drought, selection methods such as hybridization, self-pollination, recurrent selection, backcrossing are used. Our breeding program have following components:

- select of new material within available germplasm pools distributed into heterotic groups;

- developing new inbred lines within the populations; - use as a source material of lines with ex-PVP; - evaluation of the general and specific combinational ability by conducting topcross

and diallel crosses; - developing and testing of new hybrid combinations crossing improved inbred lines

from the complementary heterotic groups; - recycling of the superior new inbred lines.

Distinctly positive biological characters have led to the extensive use of Moldovan hybrids both in the Republic of Moldova and in other countries. Since 2000, the following 24 corn hybrids have been released: BM 285 MRf; Porumbeni 222 MRf; Porumbeni 225 MRf; Porumbeni 233 ACRf; Porumbeni 262 AMRf; Porumbeni 270 CRf; Porumbeni 293 MRf; Porumbeni 294 MRf; Porumbeni 306 MRf; Porumbeni 331 MRf; Porumbeni 346 CRf; Porumbeni 375 AMRf; Porumbeni 378 MRf; Porumbeni 379 MRf; Porumbeni 383 MRf; Porumbeni 395 MRf; Porumbeni 443 MRf; Porumbeni 457 MRf; Porumbeni 458 CRf; Porumbeni 459 MRf; Porumbeni 461 MRf; Porumbeni 462 MRf; Porumbeni 463 MRf; Rosmold 254 MRf.

98

Plant Breeding

TRITICALE VARIETIES CREATED BY INTRASPECIFIC HYBRIDS

Efimia VEVERITA, Svetlana LEATAMBORG, Natalia JELEV Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

New triticale varieties play an important role in enhancing the productivity of cereal

crops, are resistant to unfaborable environmental conditions, have an increased protein percentage in grains with a balanced content of essential amino acids and are not pretentious to soil requirements. We can get big crops on slopes, sandy and clayey soils. They can be used in bakery, pastry and animal feed. To obtain new triticale varieties, different hybridization patterns (intraspecific, interspecific, distant) are used. As the initial material there have been taken the most promising varieties for the conditions of Moldova, found in the gene pool of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection (IGFPP) of different origin and provenance. In this paper we will refer to the results obtained in the intraspecific hybridizations of the years 2015-2017. In the years under study, 80 hybrid combinations and the grain harvesting rate ranged from 1.6 to 80.0%, with an average of 50.6%. Grain binding depends on the environmental conditions and the initial material used in hybridizations. It is how Ingen 40 [Titan x (Atol x Ingen 93)] and Ingen 54 (Canar x Bogo) varieties have been selected, which underwent a test at all stages of the breeding process, starting with hybrid F1-F3 nurseries, selection , control, contest, multiplication, transmission to CSTSP and varieties approval. Thus, the Ingen 40 variety was approved in 2015 for all areas of the Republic of Moldova, and Ingen 54 was tested the third year. Furtheron we will characterize these varieties according to the characteristics of productivity and the biochemical and bakery properties. After the analysis of the productivity structure we can mention that compared to the check (Ingen 93) the plant's height is at the same level (110-112cm), the number of brothers in Ingen 54 -4,7, Ingen 40 -4,3 and Ingen 93-3 , 7, the number of grains - 61.2, 56.0, 57.1 is respective and the weight of 1,000 grains is 38.2g, 51.8g and 48.3g. The beans of the Ingen 54 variety are similar in shape, color and weight to the common wheat. The yield of these varieties in the multiplication fields and according to CSTSP data reaches values of 6.5 t / ha, 6.0 t / ha and 5.5 t / ha respectively. After protein content we have observed variation from 12.0 to 14.6%. The wet gluten content has varied in proportions in the Ingen 54 to 24.88%, Ingen 40 to 23.48%, Ingen 93 to 23.6%, the elasticity to 18.0 cm, 21.0 cm, 20.0 cm, and the deformation of gluten or gluten group index contains respective values of 87, 84 and 82, which allows us to find that gluten in triticale varieties is of Grade II. The characteristics of the baking properties show us that the bread baked of triticale flour is of a more yellowish color, with a sweet taste, good porosity and about the volume of the common wheat. Compared to the common wheat bread, that of the triticale wheat is kept fresh longer. Triticale flour is successfully used in pastry for the preparation of biscuits. Currently, triticale beans are used in the production of alcohol and beer.

99

Plant Breeding

THE QUALITY PROPERTIES OF NEW SOYBEAN VARIETIES, CREATED AT THE RIFC “SELECTIA”

Valeriu VOZIAN, Mihail TARAN, Maria IACOBUTSA

Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia", Balti, Republic of Moldova

In the Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia" special attention is paid to soybean plant breeding, because it is a source of raw material of great importance for the food industry due to the high content of protein and vegetable oil. The purpose of this paper is the study of the grain yield and quality of different registered soybean varieties, created during the last 15 years in the RIFC "Selectia", in the climatic conditions of 2013-2017. The basic method of plant breeding is the intraspecific hybridization. It should be mentioned in particular that the initial material used in plant breeding process does not certain genetically modified sources.

For this study there were chosen 5 soybean varieties – Aura, Enigma, Deia, Moldovita and Igorina, registered in the Republic of Moldova, grown in the fields of comparative competition of the Laboratory of breeding and seeds production of leguminous crops of RIFC "Selectia". The crude protein content in the soybeans seeds was determined by the Kjeldahl method on apparatus Turbotherm type 10 of Gerhard Company and the oil content - by the method of extraction with organic solvents in the Soxlet type apparatus.

The climatic conditions have influenced directly the production level of the plant. The highest performance of 2670 kg/ha of seeds was achieved in 2014 by the variety Igorina. This variety in the climatic conditions of the years 2013-2017 was recorded an average production of 1899 kg/ha.

The quality properties of soybeans seeds are determined primarily by the content of crude protein and vegetable oil. It is known that the protein content in the soybean seeds negatively correlates with the level of seeds production, so we will analyze if this regularity will be confirmed in our study. In the years 2013 and 2014, when the climatic conditions was relatively favorable for plant development, the crude protein content in the seeds was higher in comparison to 2015-2017, so the conditions of water stress had a negative impact not only on the level of production, but also on the synthesis of protein substances. The highest crude protein content in seeds in 5-year average of 38,7% was recorded at the variety Deia.

In general the lipid content in the soybeans seeds negatively correlates with the protein content. As the case of the synthesis and the accumulation of protein in favorable years 2013 and 2014, the oil content in the seeds was higher in the dry years. The maximal content of 21,0% of vegetable oil during the study was achieved in the conditions of the year 2015 by the variety Moldovita. The highest of 5-year average and also the more stable lipid content of 20,2% was accumulated by the seeds of variety Aura.

100

MOLECULAR GENETICS AND

BIOTECHNOLOGY

101

Molecular genetics and biotechnology

SEQUENCE ANALYSIS REVEALS STRUCTURAL POLYMORPHISM OF METHIONINE-RICH ALBUMIN SFA8 IN

SUNFLOWER

Irina ANISIMOVA, Natalia ALPATIEVA, Vera GAVRILOVA Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic

Resources, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, Russia

Sunflower seeds accumulate significant amounts of storage proteins nging to the two major classes, the 11S globulin (helianthinin) and 2S albumins. The 2Salbumins are sulfur-rich water-soluble low molecular weight single-chain proteins with a molecular weight approximately 12-15 kDa. The major component of sunflower albumin fraction is the unique SFA8 protein. It consists of 103 amino acids, includes 16 methionine residues and constitutes up to 7% of total seed protein fraction. The level of SFA8 in seeds of individual genotypes can exceed 7%. Because of lipid affinity the SFA8 protein possesses a high emulsifying ability. The possibilities of using the SFA8 protein as a source of essential amino acids are limited by its high allergenic properties due to presence in the molecule of conserve IgE binding epitopes.

The level of SFA8 varied among the sunflower lines and significantly increased in the F1 hybrids. The SFA8 electrophoretic variant called SFA8v was found in five lines of sunflower genetic collection. The SFA8v polypeptide differs from the “wild” type protein SFA8n by electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel (tris-tricine electrophoretic system, pH8.8) and isoelectric point (pI 5.87 and 6.36 correspondingly). It was shown by classical hybridological analysis that the SFA8 polymorphic variants are coded by the allelic genes. For elucidating the molecular basis of the polymorphism observed the 792-857 bp genomic fragments representing most part of the SFA8 locus from different sunflower genotypes were cloned and sequenced. The cloned SFA8 genomic fragments included the intron of 250-300 bp lengh in the central part of the gene. The intron was polymorphic and characterized by the presence of 45-50 bp indels among the cultivated and wild Helianthus species. The SFA8 coding sequences and in silico translated amino acid sequences were polymorphic in the studied genotypes. In the line VIR130 expressing variant SFA8 protein the substitution C-G in position 108 was found which resulted in substitution of serine for arginine. Such a substitution leads to changing isoelectric point from 5.87 to 6.36 and also can alter protein charge and mobility in the polyacrylamide gel. Amino acid polymorphism of SFA8 polypeptides including variation in the number of methionine residues in different genotypes was also predicted. According to results of bioinformatic analysis the SFA8 isoelectric point constituted 5.16-6.36 in different H. annuus lines, the charge varied in the range between ˗0.715 and ˗2.805, and the calculated GRAVY (grand average of hydropathy) index was from ˗0,541 to ˗0,622. The number of trypsin cleavage sites was different in various genotypes that can condition variability of protein allergenic properties.

102


BIOSINTHESYS OF PROTEINS AT Rhodosporidium toruloides YEAST STRAIN UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF METAL OXIDE

NANOSTRUCTURES

Alina BEȘLIU, Agafia USATÎI, Nadejda EFREMOVA Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

There is a hypothesis that nanoparticles influence the development of

microorganisms. The results exposed in some scientific papers reflects the aspects of influence of various nanoparticles (oxides of Au, Ag, Ti, Si, Zn) on the microbial cell, thus it can be noted that they can modify the development of microorganisms. According to some investigations, the mechanism of influence of nanoparticles of metal oxides on the microbial cell is complex and attracts changes in both the cell membrane and the cytoplasm. Proteins, due to their specific composition, play an important role in maintaining cellular integrity (cell wall proteins), catalysing different biochemical reactions. Under the action of various physical factors (ultrasound, radiation with different wavelengths, heat), chemical factors (acids, bases, various organic solvents) or mechanical (stirring), there is a phenomenon of change in the structure of proteins, which can be reversible or irreversible

Generalizing information on the influence of nanoparticles on growth of microorganisms, the aim of this paper was to reveal the effects of Fe3O4 and ZnO nanoparticles on the process of biosynthesis of proteins at pigmented yeast strain Rhodosporidium toruloides CNMN-Y-30 (sinonim Rhodotorula gracilis).

The results of the evaluation revealed different effects. Thus, Fe3O4 nanoparticles with dimension of 10 nm in concentrations from 0.5 to 30 mg / L of culture medium initiated a relatively moderate decrease in protein content in cell biomass with 12.0 ... 22.6 % compared to the control. The correlation ratio confirms the dependence of protein content values on those of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, the determination coefficient being strong (R2 = 0, 957). The other aspect of the influence of nanoparticles on protein biosynthesis in the yeast strain was observed with the application of 30 nm Fe3O4 nanoparticles. At the cultivation on the YPD medium with the addition of these nanoparticles in all experimental variants the increase in protein content in the yeast biomass constituted 14.1-23.8% compared to control.

The research effectuated with ZnO nanoparticles <100 nm, applied at concentrations of 1-30 mg/L demonstrated that content of protein in the yeast biomass increases according to the applied concentrations. The maximum positive effect is specific for concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L of nanoparticles. It can be mentioned that the correlation coefficient between the amount of protein accumulated and concentration of the nanoparticles applied in experiments is R² = 0.6484.

Thus, analysing data obtained on the effects of nanoparticles of metal oxides on protein biosynthesis in pigmented yeast, it can be affirmed that their effect depends on the dimension and used concentration.

103


IN VITRO PROPAGATION OF Mentha gattefossei Maire – THE ENDANGERED ESSENTIAL OIL-BEARING SPECIES

Tatiana CALUGARU-SPATARU1, Nina CIOCARLAN2

1Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection 2"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Chisinau

Mentha gattefossei Maire is an endangered essential oil-bearing plant listed in the

IUCN Red List of threatened species. It is endemic to Morocco. The habitat area is estimated to be above 2000 km2 and the size of the natural populations is progressively decreasing as a result of harvesting for medicinal purposes and as a food source. It is also intensively exploited for the extraction of essential oil.

In Republic of Moldova the culture of M. gattefossei is maintained at the experimental fields of the Botanical Garden. Culture is initiated due the international seed exchange with Botanical Garden from Coimbra, Portugal. The reduced number of individuals does not provide the initial propagation material for eventual cultivation on a large scale. Taking this into account, we elaborated the in vitro micropropagation technique for multiple shoot induction from the tillers axillary buds. To ensure sterilization, shoots were treated with the solution of ACE (commercial preparation) during 10 minutes and subsequently washed three times with sterile water. Shoot and rhizogenesis induction was performed on a nutrient medium containing ½ mineral salts of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) medium, pH 5,8. Some of the internodes were grown on the MS basal medium. Another part was grown on the same medium but supplemented with the 6-benzylaminopurine growth regulator, the pH value being adjusted before autoclaving to 5.8. The third part of the internodes was grown on the MS nutrient medium containing ½ mineral salts indicated in control, the pH being 5.8, without phytohormones. In all nutrients media, the explants were cultivated at 26°C and photoperiod of 16 hours light with intensity of 2000 lx and 8 hours of dark.

On the ½ MS nutrient medium the initiation of shoots and roots growth from the base of the axillary buds was observed on the third day after the inoculation. During 4-5 weeks the shoots length reached 7-9 cm and plants were sectioned at internodes and inoculated on the same nutrient medium for the next cycle of multiplication. Thus, on the same nutrient medium it is possible to initiate in vitro culture and the cultivation of the internodes to produce the plantlets that are prepared for cultivation under the ex vitro conditions with 2 shoots on each 7-9 internodes.

The elaborated technique for in vitro micropropagation is proposed for M. gattefossei mass-propagation, long-term conservation and its sustainable use.

104


QTL ANALYSIS OF AGRONOMOCALLY VALUABLE TRAITS IN BREAD WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) IN CONTROLLED CONDITIONS OF

AGROECOBIOPOLYGON

Yuriy CHESNOKOV1, Elena KANASH1, Galina MIRSKAYA1, Dmitriy RUSAKOV1, Nataliya KOCHERINA1, Dmitriy FATEEV2, Nataliya RUSHINA1, Ulrike LOHWASSER3, Andreas BÖRNER3

1Agrophysical Research Institute, St.-Petersburg, Russia; 2Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, St.-Petersburg, Russia;

3Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Germany

Quantitative trait loci (QTL) of agriculturally valuable traits of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were mapped in two simultaneous and independent experiments that were carried out in different agronomical backgrounds with respect to nitrogen availability (i.e., with and without introduction of a mineral nitrogen fertilizer) in order to reveal the effects of physiological and genetic interaction between the genotype and the environment. In total, 94 QTLs, which determine 31 physiologically and agriculturally important traits, have been identified. The connection between the trait expression and introduction of the fertilizer has been confirmed by both correlation analysis and the single-factor analysis of variance. The analyses of QTL and correlation, as well as the single-factor analysis of variance, showed that 15 of 31 traits varied confidently. This shows that the expression of these traits depends on the presence of nitrogen nutrition. In the course of two other experiments, differing from each other only by temperature and illumination regimes and providing the strict control and invariability of other growing parameters, 99 QTLs determining 30 different agronomically important traits have been identified. According to the results of the QTL mapping and an ANOVA analysis, changes in the temperature and illumination regimes did not influence 21 of 30 studied traits, which remained stable in their manifestation; only 9 traits varied under these conditions, which indicates that their manifestation is dependent on changes in these environmental factors. The connection between the loci identified and polymorphism by certain traits has been proven. Both statistical approaches used in this study demonstrated complementary results; for each of them, the maximum likelihood criterion was used, statistical significance was determined, and significance of results was evaluated. QTL analysis allowed a block structure of the T. aestivum genome to be revealed, the percentage of a phenotypic variability determined by each of the identified QTLs to be calculated, and the determination of which of the parents donated individual QTL alleles. Additionally it was carried out molecular-genetic analysis by PCR of mapping lines and accessions of T. aestivum with molecular genetic markers, which linked with revealed QTLs. PCR results shown good correlation with QTL and ANOVA analysis as well as with hybridological analysis of evaluated F1, F2 and parent forms.

This study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 16-04-00311.

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COMPARATIVE EXPRESSION OF expA1 AND GSL12 GENES IN INDUCED AND CYTOPLASMIC MALE STERILE SUNFLOWER PLANTS

Maria DUCA, Angela PORT, Victoria NECHIFOR


Sunflower is one of the most important model crop plants whose commercial hybrid seed production has been obtained using a variety of types of male-sterile lines. Characterization of genes associate with male sterility aims to understand how and why the male sterility occurs, and which proteins are the key players for microspores abortion.

Some of genes implicated in this process are represented by GSL12, required for callose biosynthesis that play an important role in deposition of this carbohydrate around pollen mother cell for normal development of microspores and EXPA1, which encode enzyme involved in cell wall extension and cell divisions.

To extend our understanding related to expansin and callose functions in sunflower microsporogenesis, it was estimated EXPA1 and GSL12 gene expression in fertile, cytoplasmic (CMS) and induced by gibberellin (IMS) male sterility lines in different meiosis stages.

Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the Maxima SYBR Green/ROX qPCR Master Mix kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (thermal cycler ДТ-96, DNA technology, Rusia). ΔΔCt method for calculate expression level were used.

The results showed the similar pattern of EXPA1 gene expression of both sterile phenotypes. Thus in pachytene, tetrads and microspore stage has been unregistered overexpression and in division – subexpression, comparative with fertile plants.

The transcriptional activity of the GSL12 gene was different, depending on the type of sterility. In CMS plants was ascertained overexpression in all microsporogenesis phases, but in IMS plants at pachytene, divisions and tetrads – subexpression with higher value of fold change (-14.1, p<0.05) in the first meiosis stage.

Taken together, our data suggest that from the total of the analyzed variants (two genes and 4 phases of microsporogenesis), in CMS plants 87.5% of the cases manifested overexpression and statistically non-significant were 12.5%, in IMS plants 37.5% was overexpression, 50% - subexpression and 12.5 - statistically insignificant (p<0.05).

106


MODULATION OF ACTIVITY OF SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ENZYME AT Rhodotorula gracilis CNMN-Y-03 YEAST STRAIN BY THE METAL

OXIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

Nadejda EFREMOVA, Alina BEȘLIU, Agafia USATÎI, Ludmila BATÎR, Mariana ROȘCA

Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

One of the main problems of the utilization of nanoparticles consist in the evaluation of the risks to human health and environment [Holsapple, 2005]. The given research aims to evaluation of the toxicity of nanoparticles with the utilization of yeasts in quality of experimental object. The relevance of the investigations was determined by the intense development of nanotechnology and application in numerous fields such as medicine, food industry, environment, et.al.; the solution of problems of the safety of nanomaterials and the necessity of the elaboration of safe and fast methods for the determination of the toxicity of nanoparticles [Yin et.al, 2013; Osmond et.al, 2010]. It is known that these yeasts are frequently used as complementary protein source. Pigmented yeast strains also can be considered as a source of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) [Unlü, Takaç, 2012]. It serves as primary line of defense in destroying free radicals.

The aim of the proposed paper was to evaluate the activity of an antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase at pigmented yeasts Rhodotorula gracilis CNMN-Y-03 at the cultivation in presence of ZnO nanoparticles with dimension <100 nm and concentration from 1 to 30 mg/L.

Analyzing obtained results it was found that applying of selected nanoparticles has had positive effect on SOD activity. It was established that the highest values of SOD activity were determined at the concentrations 5 - 20 mg/L. Thus, indices of superoxide dismutase activity varied from 362 to 385 Units/mg protein what is with 128 and 142 % more than control sample. It is necessary to mention that the increase of the concentration of selected nanoparticles up to 30 mg/l contributed to the insignificant decrease of SOD activity, nevertheless enzyme values were more than of control. In this paper the application of nanoparticles has induced stress condition, inclusive oxidative stress and production of reactive oxygen species what caused significant increase in activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD. In present research it was demonstrated that nanoparticles of zinc oxide enhances the activity of this enzyme, which increases the degree of cell protection as adaptive response to oxidative stress. Acknowledgment: This research was financed by grant for young researchers 18.80012.51.16A from the Ministry of Education, Culture and Research and National Agency for Research and Development.

107


EFFECTS OF BACTERIAL INOCULATION (Rhizobium leguminasorum biovar viceae) ON THE SEED YIELD, NODULE NUMBER, NODULE DRY

WEIGHT AND SOME AGRONOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON PEA CULTIVARS (Pisum sativum L.)

Abdullah KARASU1, Mehmet OZ2, Hüseyin Can ALPSOY3

1Uludag University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Gorukle Campus, Bursa, Turkey;

2Uludag University, Mustafakemalpasa Vocational School, Mustafakemalpasa, Bursa, Turkey;

3Uludag University, Yenisehir Vocational School, Mustafakemalpasa, Bursa, Turkey

The research was carried out in the trial field of Mustafakemalpasa Vocational School, Bursa, Turkey in 2014-2015 growing season. Ultrillo and Bolero cultivars were used in the research. The effects of bacterial inoculation on the number of nodule and nodule dry weight were found significant at the beginning of flowers and full flowers stage, whereas its effects on the seed yield and 1000 seed weight were fixed as insignificant. There were significant differences in between cultivars, on nodule number, nodule dry weight, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. The number of nodule take valued between 14.52-30.92, the 1000 seed weight between 156.4-276.4 g and the seed yield between 1667-1909 kg ha-1.

Keywords: Common pea, Bacterial inoculation, Nodule number and weight, Seed yield

108


PLANT PARASITISM FROM THE PROSPECTIVE OF THE SYSTEM HOST PLANTS - PARASITIC BROOMRAPES-SOIL MICROBIOME

I. KIRILOVA1, Ts. HRISTEVA2, R. BOZHINOVA2, K. MISHEV3, V.

VASSILEVA3 , A. DIMITROVA3, I. DENEV1 1Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Dept., University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria;

2Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Markovo, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 3Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Sofia, Bulgaria

Soil is a living environment where billions of organisms coexist in complex

interactions. The biochemical processes occurring in the rhizosphere cause heterogeneous relationships between plants and microorganisms, from symbiotic to antagonistic. Significant advances have been made over the past decade in the study of chemical signals exuded by the roots of plants that attract symbiotic microorganisms and suppress pathogens. The most common and most ancient symbiosis between plants and microorganisms is endotrophic mycosis with arbuscular mycorisal fungi (AMF). Their role in plant nutrition has long been known, but only a few years ago it was found that the chemical compounds that induce germination of the spores of these fungi are strygolactones, which also induce seed germination of parasitic plants. Probably, in the process of evolution, parasitic plants have begun to use these signals emitted by plants to identify suitable hosts. Some soilborn microorganisms can supress germination of broomrapes seeds. On the other side broomrapes can alter chemical composition of root exudates and thus effect population density of different rhizosphere microorganisms. In this study we demonstrate that parasitic plants can influence most of the physiological groups of microorganisms. We found reduction in population density of autochthonous microorganisms in the presence of broomrapes with 27.74%; in microscopic fungi – with 28.38%; for actinomycetes with 20.59%. All these differences were statistically proven at a confidence level of 0.95%.

109


MOLECULAR MARKERS FOR ASSESSMENT AND SELECTION OF LINSEED BREEDING MATERIAL

Valentina LEMESH1, Maryna BAHDANAVA1, Elena ANDRONIK2,

Ivan GOLUB2 1Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus,

Belarus; 2Republican Unitary Enterprise “Institute of flax of the National Academy of Sciences of

Belarus”, Belarus

Linseed varieties with different content of α-linolenic acid (LIN) and a different ratio of fatty acids are required for various industries. Vrinten et al. (2005) revealed that both fad3a and fad3b genes carried point mutations leading to premature stop codons in the line 593-708, resulting in 2–3% of the LIN content. It is possible to accelerate the breeding process by developing of effective molecular markers allowing to identify the mutant alleles of fad3A and fad3B genes, which makes it possible to select linseed in two directions - high and low LIN content, significantly improving the efficiency of the breeding programs.

To identify the mutant allele of fad3a gene, primers were developed by Vrinten et al. (2005) were used.

To identify the mutant allele fad3b gene, we sequenced fragments of the fad3b gene of low-linolenic linseed variety Amon and high-linolenic variety Spartak. Comparison of the wild-type and mutant sequences identified the point mutation in the fad3b gene resulted in the loss of a BalI site. Based on the nucleotide sequence data, we developed the CAPS marker MutFad3 (Lemesh et al., 2017). Primers were designed in such a way that the amplification product (600 bp) would contain the mutation, and digestion of the product with the BalI endonuclease would produce fragments with distinguishable sizes (385 and 215 bp).

Low-linolenic plants carry markers for both mutant genes, and high-linolenic plants carry markers for both wild-type genes. Plants carrying a homozygous mutation at a single fad3 locus had intermediate levels of LIN.

In the Institute of Flax of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, the linseed variety "Dar" was created based on the results of molecular-genetic and breeding studies. The variety is medium-ripening, blue-flowered. Seeds are brown, large. The content of α-linolenic acid is about 40.1%. The oil of this variety is suitable for use in medicine and perfumery. REFERENCES

1. Vrinten P., Hu Z., Munchinsky M.-A., Rowland G., Qiu X. Two fad3 desaturase genes control the level of linolenic acid in flax seed // Plant Physiol. – 2005. – V. 139, N 1. – P. 79–87.

2. Lemesh V., Bogdanova M., Andronik E., Golub I. Genomic biotechnology of assessment and selection of linseed breeding material // Factors in experimental evolution of organisms. – 2017. – V. 21. – P. 33-36.

110


IMPLEMENTATION OF SOME MOLECULAR TECHNIQUE IN SUNFLOWER BREEDING

Alexei LEVITCHI, Rodica MARTEA, Ana MUTU, Lidia DENCICOV


The research goal include adaptation and implementation of some basically studies for crop breeding and sunflower seed control involving, which is one of basic agricultural crops in the Republic of Moldova.

Prospective hybrids obtaining by crop plants improving involves the application of efficient techniques that provide the initial material assessment used in breeding programs, including the genetic polymorphism estimation, inbred lines homogeneity determination and F1 hybridization degree, etc.

Our researches were directed to morphological and molecular features revealing and their utilization in hybrid vigor prognosation, both with selection of most prospective inbred lines.

The genetic variability estimation was based, in this study, on seed morphological parameters evaluation (seed mass, core mass, shell mass, seed length and width), on protein polymorphism spectra analysis of helianthinin and PCR analyses using specific and SSR primers of nine F1 sunflower hybrids and their parental lines.

Dispersional and correlational analyses implementation allow to display those morphological and molecular features which correlate with seed productivity, and associated with heterosis manifestation factors.

The helianthinin electrophoretic analysis showed variability at the level of β chain polypeptides of C subunit (Mr 20-25 kDa) and at the level of stable dissociation component (58 şi 61 kDa), which were used for standard spectra elaboration for every studied genotype, its frequency characterizing the biological genotype purity.

Also, were proposed the level estimation hybridization method based on SSR markers and the evaluation method of sterility level in CMS lines, both based on PCR technique.

Despite different analyses of sunflower genotypes, cluster analysis based on genetic SSR similarity and Mahalanobis distance of morphological features produced similar dendrograms.

It has been found that the specific seeds and plants peculiarities revealed by correlation analysis shows that the qualitative traits in combination with the Mahalanobis distance between parental genotypes are relevant indexes, which can be used to predict the heterosis effect.

111


GENETIC CERTIFICATION OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF SOYBEANON THE BASIS OF SSR MARKERS

Svetlana RAMAZANOVA, Tatiana ANTONOVA

All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S., Russia

Genetic passports of soybean varieties based on microsatellite DNA loci are a promising and popular tool for development and improvement of certification and registration of breeding achievements, for protection of breeders’ rights and control of homogeneity of varieties. The use of microsatellite DNA loci (SSR) continues to be the most suitable way of differentiating and identifying of soybean varieties at the genetic level. Their amplification makes it possible to obtain an individual characterization of a variety – a DNA profile.

The research objective was to test a number of microsatellite markers on their suitability for the certification of soybean varieties of breeding VNIIMK and other breeding institutions, control of their homogeneity and determination of the type of inheritance of DNA SSR-loci.

The research subject were 96 varieties and lines of soybean (G.max) of domestic and foreign breeding, 3 samples of G.gracilis, 3 samples of G. soya and 12 hybrid combinations of F1. F1 generations were obtained from parental forms, differing from each other in the size of alleles, at least of one microsatellite locus. 10 SSR markers were used, selected from literature references with the maximum number of alleles per locus and localized in different soybean chromosomes. The index of polymorphic information content (PIC) in the studied collection of varieties and lines varied from 0.15 to 0.80, and the total number of alleles was 30. According to SOYGY2 locus, the differences were found only in the wild genotypes G.gracilis and G.soya. Therefore, 9 microsatellite loci (SATT1, SATT2, SATT5, SATT9, SOYPR1, SAT1, SAT36, SAT43 and SOYHSP176) were used to create genetic passports of cultivated soybean varieties. The discriminatory potential of this marker system is sufficient for a clear differentiation of soybean varieties and lines. For each genotype, unique DNA profiles have been received which make it possible to distinguish and identify them. Intravarietal polymorphism of 4 varieties was studied on 9 SSR-loci. It showed that varieties Fora and Vilana were genetically homogeneous, i.e. all 100 analyzed plants had the same set of alleles of the studied SRR-loci. Two other varieties, Lada and Vidra, revealed polymorphism in the SATT5 locus. Thus, when making a molecular-genetic passport of a soybean variety, it is necessary to take into account the intravarietal polymorphism. The analysis of inheritance of used loci showed that SATT9, SATT1 and SOYPR1 have codominant inheritance. All hybrids had both paternal and maternal DNA fractions. This allows using them to control the hybridity of F1 generation during artificial hybridization.

It has been established, that the level of polymorphism of the nine studied DNA SSR-loci is sufficient for creation of molecular-genetic passports of 96 soybean varieties and lines. The microsatellite DNA loci SATT1, SATT9 and SOYPR1, which have codominant inheritance, can be used to differentiate the truly hybrid combinations from the forms with failed hybridization.

112


BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN BARLEY IMPROVEMENT THROUGH ANDROGENESIS

Svetlana SMEREA, Larisa ANDRONIC


The androgenesis is used for improving various traits in many crops, including barley. The production of doubled haploid (DH) plants through the induction of in vitro culture of anthers is a promising and convenient alternative to conventional techniques for the generation of pure lines for breeding programmes. The androgenesis can broadened the spectrum of variability, underlying the predictions of improving valuable characters, directing the selection process to maximize the genetic potential. This variation is very important for the plant breeders and selection is effective when magnitude of variability in the breeding population is too enough. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variance, environmental variance, heritability represents the most objective assessment of the genetic potential of the crop plants.

The overall goal of the present study was the evaluation of genotypic, phenotypic coefficient of variation of some quantitative yield related traits in DH line of barley cultivar Unirea (Hordeum vulgare L.), obtained under in vitro cultivation of anthers. The present study was conducted in 2017, according to the standard field techniques. Data were recorded for 12 characters: plant height (1) total number (2) and number of develop tillers (3), number of internodes (4), length of the last internode (5), length of the spike per central stem (6), average length of the spikes per developed tillers (7), number of spikelets on main spike (8), number (9) and weight of grains of main spikes (10), average weight of grains per developed tillers (11), mass of 1000 grains (12). The DH line was evaluated compared to the original cultivar. The genetic advance in percentage of mean was calculated by using Falconer (1989) formula. The variance and correlation analysis was carried out in the Statgraphics Plus2.1 program.

Significant differences (99.9%) of the mean values were found for 9 characters analyzed. It was established that the number of spikelets in the main spike increased by 1.09 times, the number of developed grains per spike - 1.06 and the weight of grains - by 17%, compared to the initial form. Despite the reduction of number of developed tillers by 1.15 times, the productivity of DH plants was not influenced, also the mean weight of the grains increased with 25% and the average length of the spike with 4%. Correlative analysis of spike productivity indices attests strong positive linear dependencies r = 0.80 (9-10), 0.74 (10-12), 0.73 (8-9), 0.72 (8-10), 0.72 (7-11) and moderate correlations r = 0.61 (6-8), 0.60 (6-10), 0.57 (6-9), 0.35 (8-12), 0.32 (6-12) with statistical support at 99.9%. The highest heritability coefficient was established for the weight of the grains per main spike (H2=0.99), number of spikelets on the main spike (H2=0.98), average weight of the grains per developed tillers (H2=0.97) and number of internodes (H2=0.97). The increased genetic contribution (21.99%) was attested for the average weight of the grains per developed tillers. On based of obtained data it can be concluded that androgenesis represent a source of high genetic variability for most of the yield traits and DH plants exhibited a high range of variation for recalcitrant barley cultivar.

113


SELECTION OF RESTRICTION-ENZYME FOR OPTIMUM GENOME REDUCTION IN GROUNDNUT

Engin YOL

Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey

Molecular markers are essential for gene mapping, QTL analysis, diagnosis, systematic analysis and various molecular biology studies. They are important part of modern plant breeding programs and many traits which have economical importance have been improved by marker-assisted selection. Although different type of markers have been used in molecular-basis studies, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers have been largely selected in a last decade because they are the most abundant in a genome and those are suitable for wide range of analysis. Next generation sequencin platforms provides millions of SNPs with a similar protocol which includes DNA library preparation, adapter ligation and sequencing steps. However, the cost of complete genome sequencing is still time consuming and costly. Next-generation sequencing of reduced-representation libraries (RRLs) is an important option for lower cost sequencing without the computational concerns. This system uses enzyme-based complexity reduction coupled with barcoding to produce multiplex sampling for sequencing. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is one of the RRL based method which provides low-cost adapters, allowing pooled library preparation and avoiding size selection. Choice of enzyme is a critical step in GBS library preparation because genome size, level of inbreeding and the number of markers are affected by the type of restriction enzyme. In the present study, we compared the in silico distribution of digested fragments suitable for sequencing (100–400 bp long) among the ApeKI (partially methylation sensitive), PstI-MspI (methylation sensitive-partially methylation sensitive) and PstI-TaqI (methylation sensitive-methylation insensitive) enzymes across the groundnut reference genome with the Digest option of GBSX toolkit (Herten et al. 2015, doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0514-3). Results revealed that ApeKI, PstI-MspI and PstI-TaqI enzymes created approximately 499.000, 751.000 and 1.6 million fragments varied from 100 to 400 bp. PstI and TaqI double digestion showed a good fit for library preparation to obtain potentially more SNPs considering the number of fragments in groundnut.

114

RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND

ABIOTIC STRESS

115

Resistance to biotic and abiotic stress

PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF DURUM (Triticum durum DESF.) AND BREAD (Triticum aestivum L.) WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER

DROUGHT STRESS

Tofig Idris ALLAHVERDIYEV Plant Physiology and Biotechnology Department Research Institute of Crop Husbandry

Ministry of Agriculture of Azerbaijan Republic, Baku, Azerbaijan

Drought is undoubtedly one of the most important environmental stresses limiting the productivity of crop plants worldwide. Wheat is one of the main cereal crops in human nutrition. Selecting wheat genotypes with suitable agronomical, physiological traits are very important for the purpose of yield improvement under water limiting conditions. We aimed to study the effect of soil water deficit on some physiological traits of 8 durum wheat and 14 bread wheat genotypes. Gas exchange parameters of flag leaf was measured from booting to grain milky ripe stage of ontogenesis by using LI-COR 6400XT Portable Photosynthesis System.

Drought stress caused reduction of gas exchange parameters (photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate) of leaf. The highest rate of photosynthesis was detected at the heading- flowering stage of growth. Stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were higher at the booting stage. We revealed an increase of intercellular CO2 concentration at the flowering and grain formation stages.

Higher rate of photosynthesis associated with higher assimilation area formation and dry matter accumulation of wheat genotypes Tartar, Giymatli 2/17, Tale 38 and 4thFEFWSN№50. Water use efficiency at the leaf level positively correlated with photosynthesis rate and mesophyll conductance. Positive correlations between photosynthesis rate and crop growth rate, relative water content, pigments content were revealed. Higher relative water content of genotypes positively correlated with pigments content, negatively correlated with canopy temperature.

Our results showed that lower canopy temperature is associated with higher gas exchange parameters- photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate. Water stress caused decrease of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids (x+c) content and Chl(a+b)/Car(x+c) ratio.. Adaptive changes in assimilation area and dry matter distribution between leaves, stem and spike were revealed under drought. An increase of proline content in leaves under drought stress was revealed. Drought stress accelerated the outflow of photoassimilates from vegetative parts of plant into grains.

Lowest dry matter remobilization and dry mater remobilization efficiency were detected in the tallest genotypes Sharg, Gyrmyzy bugda, Dagdash, Saratovskaya 29, which are also characterized by low values of harvest index.We found positive and significant correlation between crop growth rate and assimilation area and dry mass of stem, spike and flag leaf. We concider that physiological traits can be used as selection criteria for drought tolerance of wheat. Keywords: bread wheat, durum wheat, drought stress, photosynthesis rate, correlation.

116


CAUSAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE INFECTION OF SUNFLOWER WITH FUNGI OF THE GENUS Fusarium

IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Tatiana ANTONOVA Federal state budgetary scientific institution

"All-Russian research institute of oil crops by the name of V.S. Pustovoit”, Russia

A gradual enhancement of parasitic characteristics of fungi belonging to a genus Fusarium Link et Fr. infecting sunflower is observed last 25 years. Being soil inhabitants the fungi of this genus are widely spread and infected many agricultural crops. The most of them are facultative parasites with a different parasitic level. Fusarium on sunflower causes roots and seedlings rot, systemic lesion and wilt of plants, head and seeds rot. After Fusarium infected sunflower plants, their height, head diameter, 1000 seeds weight are decreased, that leads to yield losses. Preferentially, depending on a genotype, oil content in seeds is reduced. Head infection with aerogenic infection leads to seeds quality decrease. According to the modern guides, 15 species and diversities of fungus were allocated from infected sunflower plants in the different producing regions of the Russian Federation.

Sunflower is very attractive as highly profitable crop. During the last 25 years sowing areas under sunflower increased thrice and currently occupy 7986400 ha. But scientifically based eight-field crop rotation was reduced all-round till 1-3 years in many fields. Such intensification of crop cultivation causes distribution of plant infection by Fusarium and accelerating evolution of fungus parasitic characteristics. The same species of Fusarium infect winter wheat, barley and sunflower; they are, for example: F. oxysporum var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai, F. poae (Peck.) Wollenw., F. sporotrichioides Sherb., F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. F. verticillioides (Sacc.) Nirenberg, F. graminearum Schwabe and others.

Involving into a crop rotation only of wheat, sunflower and barley (for example, this is common practice in the Rostov region) often leads to accumulation in soil of Fusarium species highly pathogenic for these crops from degraded infected plant residues. This is also one of the factors of enlarging frequency of plants infection by fusariose. Furthermore, unfavorable climatic conditions negatively influence seedlings in a period of their formation and forward multiplication of biotypes group causing rots of roots, collar root, and basal part of stem.

In a period of a mass flight of Fusarium conidia from winter wheat sowings, high density of conidia in next sunflower fields is observed. This leads to infestation of heads and seeds. Thus, extra saturation of agrocenoses with mentioned crops inevitably promote increase of content in the soil of highly pathogenic Fusarium biotypes infected these crops.

117


FUSARIUM ROOT ROT OF SUNFLOWER: THE METHOD OF EARLY SELECTION FOR RESISTANCE

Tatiana ANTONOVA, Svetlana SAUKOVA

Federal state budgetary scientific institution "All-Russian research institute of oil crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.", Russia

The intensification of sunflower cultivation with a short-term rotation contributes to

the spread of fusarium disease among plants. The pathogens of this disease are fungi of Fusarium genus. They cause root rot of seedlings, systemic lesion and wilting of plants, head and seeds rotting. Over the past two decades, about 15 varieties of different species of fungus have been isolated from the affected roots, seeds and other parts of sunflower plants in the regions of its cultivation in the Russian Federation. Throughout these years, the dominant position was occupied by F. oxysporum var. orthoceras (App. et Wr.) Bilai and species of F. sporotrichiella. Isolates of F. sporotrichiella var. poae (Peck.) Wollenw. and F. sporotrichiella var. sporotrichioides Sherb., isolated from the affected roots and seeds of sunflower had the greatest pathogenicity. Eating food and fodder contaminated with fungi of Sporotrichiella section causes fusariotoxicosis in humans and animals. The proactive sunflower breeding for resistance of seedlings to disease affection is vital.

The research objective is to develop a fast method of infection and selection criteria of sunflower forms resistant to fusarium root rot.

Pure cultures of the most pathogenic isolates mentioned above of species and varieties of fungus were incubated in plastic Petri dishes on a nutrient medium for two weeks. Then the lids of dishes were replaced with perforated lids. Sunflower seedlings at the age of two days grown in the usual way in rolls of moistened filter paper were placed in the holes of the lids. They were placed in such manner that only the tips of seedlings roots were immersed in the fungus colony.

They were left there for 6 hours under natural light and at a temperature of 21-24 оС. Then the lids with seedlings were transferred to other Petri dishes, filled with sterile water for a quarter of the volume, and left there for three days. The visual evaluation of the immunological reaction of the seedlings showed that the damage caused by various varieties and species of fungus was similar in different sunflower genotypes. They are classified into six groups: 1 – only the tip of the root had rotted; 2 – root had rotted by a third or to the middle; 3 - root had rotted by two thirds; 4 – there was a rot constriction in the middle of the root or in its upper third; 5 – root had rotted to the root neck; 6 – rot had spread from the root to the hypocotyl and cotyledons. It is obvious that the first group had immunity, groups 2 and 3 had resistance and groups 4-6 were not viable. Subsequent replanting of seedlings of the 1-3 groups into the soil enabled to obtain the progeny of plants resistant to disease affection.

The conclusion. A laboratory method for selection of sunflower seedlings at the age of 2-5 days resistant to fusarium root rot is offered. The degree of damage of the main root serves as a criterion for selection of resistant forms.

118


SUNFLOWER SEED YIELD AS INFLUENCED BY SOWING DATE

Igor BALALIĆ1, Jovan CRNOBARAC2, Vladimir MIKLIČ1, Velimir RADIĆ1, Nenad DUSANIĆ1

1Oil Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia; 2Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Faculty of Agriculture,

University of Novi Sad, Serbia

Sowing date is one of the important factor affecting sunflower production. To determine the optimum sowing date of sunflower hybrids, and its influence on seed yield, experiments were conducted at the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, Serbia. Three hybrids (NS Oskar, NS Fantazija, Orfej) were sown on eight dates (SD1-20.03; SD2-01.04; SD3-10.04; SD4-20.04; SD5-01.05; SD6-10.05; SD7-20.05; SD8-01.06) for four years (2013-2016). The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design with four replications. A factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) for oil content was performed using STATISTICA 10 software. Main effects (Y-year, H-hybrid, SD-sowing date), so as all interactions (Y × H, Y × SD, H × SD, Y × H × SD) for seed yield were highly significant. Seed yield was mostly influenced by the year of investigation (53.52%) and by sowing date (32.28%). On the basis of four years average highest seed yield showed hybrid Orfej (4.03 t ha-1). Between years highly significant differences were stated. The highest seed yields were achieved in 2013 (4.60 t ha-1 ) and 2015 (4.55 t ha-1). In the year 2014 seed yield was lowest (3.00 t ha-1). The reason for lowest seed yield in 2014 was worse weather conditions during this growing season.

The results showed significant effects of sowing date on seed yield. A delay of the sowing date significantly decreased seed yield of sunflower. Highest values of seed yield were stated from SD1 (4.59 t ha-1) to SD4 (4.46 t ha-1). After that seed yield decreased until 3.00 t ha-1 (SD8). A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield. The results of this study may be helpful in recommending optimal sunflower hybrid sowing date in the region. A delayed planting date had a negative effect on seed yield, so earlier sowing dates are recommended for achieving high seed yields of sunflower hybrids. Key words: hybrid, interaction, sowing date, sunflower, year

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SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES RESISTANCE TO DIFFERENT PATHOGENS

Ion BOAGHII, Marta VATAVU, Eugenia LUNGU Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia" Balti, Republic of Moldova

Sunflower is an oil-producing plant with a high sensitivity to the attack of various

pathogens, due to which is observed a systematic reduction in productivity. The spread and intensification of sunflower crop through all over the world has been accompanied by increased frequency and aggressiveness of pathogens.

The most devastating diseases caused by the attack of phytopathogenic fungi are: Plasmopara helianthi (downy mildew), Sclerotinia sclerotiarum (white rot), Botrytis cinerea (gray rot), Phomopsis helianthi (Phomopsis brown stem canker) and Orobanche cumana Wales (parasitic phanerogam-broomrape).

In the laboratory of Breeding and growing technologies of sunflower at the RIFC “Selectia” the pathogen attack in the inbred lines nursery (more than 4000 samples) and orientation fields of experimental hybrids (over 300 hybrid combinations) are investigated annually.

Testing on resistance to diseases attacking stems is performed according to the method described by T.Selivanov and V.Zateamin (1996). The intensity of the pseudanthium damage by pathogens is appreciated by the method developed by M.Vronschih (1984) for recording the attack level of sunflower with white and gray rot.

Evaluation of broomrape resistance is performed under the greenhouse conditions described by A.Pancenco (1975). In the laboratory was appreciated the resistance to downy mildew with express-method elaborated by M.Moldovanu and V.Jivilo (1965). In the field, the pathogens development and disease attack is a process that occurs under the influence of pedoclimatic conditions, which in recent years, due to low humidity and high temperatures (in May-July), 70% of the investigated material showed resistance to Plasmopara helianthi.

The development of Phoma black stem and Phomopsis brown stem canker according to line and genotype consisted of 0-40% for Phoma and 0-30% for the Phomopsis brown stem canker. Researches to assess the resistance to broomrape are carried out under greenhouse conditions. Around 300 samples of lines and hybrid combinations are tested annually. Broomrape seeds were collected from different regions of the Republic of Moldova. As witness, were used lines and commercial hybrids that possess resistance genes Or5, Or6, Or7.

Resistant were found to be hybrids as Ortac, HS-0428, Basm, HS-1014, HS-1017 and other combinations, as well as 17 lines Rf 37% in total, 15% showed tolerance. Currently, 6 hybrids created at the RIFC “Selectia” are registered in the Catalog of the State Commission for Plant Varieties of Republic of Moldova.

In 2017, the hybrid HS-1014 exceeded the witness by 6.5%, harvest consisted 3580 kg/ha of seeds and 1295 kg/ha of oil, and showed resistance to broomrape. This hybrid has been recommended by the State Commission as a perspective hybrid for 2018.

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ASSURANCE OF BIOLOGICAL REQUIREMENTS OF SUNFLOWER CROP IN MOLDOVA WITH AGROCLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Ilie BOIAN, Daniela ELENCIUC, Rodion DOMENCO


The rational use of natural conditions in agriculture requires a thorough knowledge of how cultivated plants react to permanent changes in the evolution of agro-climatic conditions as part of the ecological framework. Having a very high plasticity in terms of climate and soil requirements, sunflower has adapted to very different geographic conditions. Generally, sunflower follows the corn limits on the globe, exceeding slightly its northern limit. The July isotherm of 18 ° C is the northern crop limit, being locally specified by other factors (humidity, soil, etc.). The thermal factor limits the general area of the spread, and the humidity factor determines the areas inside the zone. Per total, the duration of the vegetation period is of about 120 – 135 days, duration that vary depending on variety and pedoclimatic conditions.

The vegetation cycle of this crop distinguishes the following periods: – from sowing to arising that occurs most frequently in our country between 15.03 – 15.04 (average duration 10-18 days); – from arising to the formation of the capitulum which usually occurs between 15.04 – 01.06 and lasts for about 30 days; – from the beginning of the capitulum formation to the blooming – about 30-35 days; – from the beginning of the flowering until the end of the vegetation cycle frequently occurring in the period 20.06 – 10.09, with an average duration of 50-60 days. During this period full seed formation, growth and maturation take place.

The total heat consumption, expressed in temperatures >5°C for the entire growing period, varies from one species to another between 1400 and 1800°C. In the arising – blooming period, varieties cultivated in our country require 900 ° – 1000° C. Although this crop is demanding for heat, germination can begin at 4...5 °C, enduring frosts of up to -5...-6°C (if frosts are short in time) in the first vegetation phases. However, arising occurs in good conditions at soil temperatures higher than 10°C. The limit temperature that influences the duration of the arising period is 22°C. In the case in which low temperatures persist, partial or total damage to the growth cone occurs, leading to strong branching and decreasing of production. More capitulums appear at the same plant; however, these are small, less productive, with monstrous forms.

As a result of advancing in vegetation, that is, after the formation of floral buffaloes, the sensitivity of plants at low temperatures increases. In terms of average daily values, the most favorable temperatures range between 16°C and 20°C until blooming and 20°-24°C from blooming to ripening. From 27°C upwards, the plants suffer and the harvest decreases. Maximum temperatures above 35°C are harmful if they occur for several consecutive days. In the case in which the heat is also accompanied by moisture deficiency in the air and soil during the filling of the grain, there occurs a forced maturation of the plants, which results into a decrease in the percentage of the core and oil. On the other hand, temperatures below 19°C during the period of grain formation prolong the vegetation period, reducing very much the content and quality of the oil.

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Throughout the territory of the Republic of Moldova the sunflower crop is assured with heat until the technical ripening of the seeds in 100% of years.

In terms of water, the critical period for sunflower plants is triggered with the appearance of floral primordium (leaf pairs 4-6) and lasts until the end of blooming. Throughout the entire vegetation period, the distribution of moisture consumption is as follows: 29% from arising to inflorescence formation, 45% from inflorescence formation to blooming, and 26% over the rest of the vegetation period.

According to experimental data, it results that the maximum consumption period of this crop takes place during the formation and differentiation of the reproduction organs, namely between stages 5-9 of morphogenesis. From a phenological point of view, it corresponds to the period of floral buffaloes formation till the end of blooming and coincides, from the calendar point of view, with June and the first days of July in the southern regions. During this critical period, which takes about 25 – 30 days, or 15% of the entire vegetation period, 50% of the water required from sowing to harvesting is consumed. In this period, the growth rhitm of vegetative mass is also the most intense compared to the rest of the period.

In our country, the critical period ends, as a rule, earlier than the terms of July's severe droughts beginning. Since the humidity of the soil during the first part of the warm season (April-June) is strongly influenced by the cold season precipitations, the humidity reserves in the critical period depend very much on fallen precipitations during the accumulation period (October-April).

During the rest of the vegetation period, the soil moisture influences vegetation and harvest, but to a lesser extent than in the critical period (for exemple in the interval from arising till the critical period, the plant consumes about 25% of the necessary amount for the entire period of vegetation and an almost equal amount in the period from the end of blooming to maturation).

Sunflower is generally considered a drought-resistant plant due to the well-developed radicular system which, penetrating deep into the soil, absorbs the water from the deep layers, thus utilizing the reserves accumulated during rainy periods. Resistance to atmospheric drought is increased, compared to other crops, by the beetles covering the leaves and stem, preventing strong evaporation. The total amount of water consumption over the entire vegetation period is in our area between 300-450 mm, or 3000-4500 m3/ ha depending on the variety, meteorological regime of the year and the respective agropedological peculiarities.

The highest amount of water consumption occurs during the formation of the capitulum and the filling of the grain. A particular influence on the percentage of seed oil has environmental conditions during the period of the capitulum formation and blooming. During this period, warm and humid weather contributes to the accumulation of a bigger amount of oil. Precipitations during the formation of floral primordia and blooming (May-June) as well as those during seed filling, have a favorable effect on the accumulation of oil.

Apart from the hydro-thermal regime, the sun regime has a special influence on the production, the sunflower originating in the southern regions of the country. Light and moderate heat contribute to increasing the amount of seed oil and improving its quality. Excessive nebulosity contributes to the prolongation of vegetation, prevents oil formation and lowers its quality.

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INVOLVMENT OF WATER STATUS AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION SYSTEMS IN THE Glycine max (Merr., L.) PLANTS

STRESS-MEMORY FORMATION TO DROGHT

Lilia BRÎNZĂ, Anastasia ȘTEFÎRȚĂ Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

The impact of repeated droughts over time is often catastrophic for the rural

economy. There is almost no data on the effect of repeated over time ecological stress on the functional processes of the most crop plants. In experiments with Glycine max (Merr.) L cultivars with different drought resistance potential, exposed to moderate water stress at the phase "first trifoliate leaf" and at the phase "button formation - the beginning of flowering", data on the argumentation of the concept of the existence of stress-memory in plants - as an attribute to memorize the response mechanisms to the incidents induced by previous stress and to react more quickly and adequately to repeated stress over time were obtained. The memory of the response to environmental incidents is provided by protection mechanisms accessed at different levels of organization, particularly, by the signal changes in water status parameters, in special, hydrostatic pressure and water retention capacity. At the molecular, cell and organ level, stress-memory and drought tolerance is ensured by increasing the water retention ability of the macromolecules and the degree of hydration and maintenance of the tissue turgor pressure.

The implications of changes in the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant protection systems in the plants stress-memory formation to the humidity fluctuation and repeated drought conditions have been demonstrated. The degree of increase ROS formation induced by the lack of moisture during the formation of the button and flowering phase is significantly lower in the plants, which have undergone a moderate water stress to the phase of the first trifoliate leaves in comparison with the plants exposed to the first cycle of drought during critical period. It is also remarkable that the same intensity and duration of drought induces the appearance of stronger oxidative stress in plants with less potential for self-regulation of the water status.The content of malondialdehyde is higher, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes is lower at cv. Enigma, sensitive to drought, compared to drought-tolerant cv. Indra. The formation of stress memory depends on the constitutive resistance of the plants: plants with a higher resistance potential, in particular with a higher constitutive tolerance, are more easily adapted to the repeated water stress.

In summary: any process of adaptation is aimed at maintaining the homeostasis of organism at a constant level. The water homeostatic capacity of tissues, as well as the ability to prevent excessive formation of ROS, and to activate antioxidant protection, is important nonspecific mechanisms that ensure the adaptation of plants to the stress repeated in time trough formation a memory about the mechanisms induced by incidents caused by moderate adverse conditions at the initial stages of ontogenesis. This phenomenon ensures an adequate response to the repeated occurrence of unfavourable conditions and increased resistance to drought.

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EFFECTS OF CADMIUM ON GROWTH, ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITIES AND PROLINE CONTENT IN Pisum sativus PLANTS

Maria CAUS


Intensive application of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture has an important role in the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in the soils. The increasing level of Cd in agricultural soils subsequently leads to its transfer into food chain, which is very dangerous, because of the high level toxicity of this heavy metal. In this connection the objective of this study was to determine the effects of Cd on growth, acid phosphatase activity and proline content in Pisum sativus plants.

To study the effect of Cd on pea plants, the experiments were performed in hydroponic culture using half strength Hoagland nutrient solution with administration of different Cd concentrations (0, 4 and 40 μM CdCl2) into the growth media. The Hoagland nutrient solution was continuously aerated and refreshed every 3 days. Pea plants were collected after ten days of growth. The obtained results showed that the growth rate (fresh biomass, root length and stem height) of pea plants is significantly affected by the increase of Cd concentration in growth media.

The inhibition level of the fresh biomass and root length in Cd variants (40 μM) makes up about 70% relative to the control. Also, it was established that the accumulation of proline content in the roots under the influence of Cd ions occurred more intensively than in the leaves. Administration of Cd (4 and 40 μM) into the growth media resulted in an increase of proline content in the roots by approximately 30% and respectively 120% compared to the control. While in leaves the proline content in variant with 4 μM Cd is approximately at the control level or increased by approximately 20% at application of 40 μM Cd relative to the control. Cd treatment evolved effects on the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) in protein fractions of different compartments of pea root cells.

The presence of 4 and 40 μM Cd in growth media induces an increase of ACP activity from cytosol fractions of root cells by about 20% and respectively 30%, compared to the control. It shown that treatment with Cd that inhibits root growth led to suppression of ACP activity in protein fractions bound to root cell walls by ionic bonds (iACP). But the activity of ACP covalently bound to root cell walls (cACP) was induced with increasing Cd levels. So, Cd treatment induced differences in the response reactions of ACP of those enzymes bound either ionically (iACP) or covalently (cACP) to the cell wall of pea roots.

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EFFECTS OF MINERAL NITROGEN SOURCES AND ESSENTIAL MICRONUTRIENTS ON SOYBEAN NODULE DEVELOPMENT

AND NITROGENASE ACTIVITY

Maria CAUS Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Soybean plants belong to the Leguminaceae family and are of a huge importance

worldwide, as a source of different kinds of products, used in various industries, including food, medicine and energy. To produce organic matter soybean plants take up essential mineral macro- and microelements from soil and atmosphere. Nitrogen (N) which represents one of the most important essential macro element required throughout plant development is absorb by roots from soil as ions of nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium (NH4+).

Also soybean plants, like other leguminous crops, are capable to satisfy a considerable part of their demands in N by fixation of atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with bacteria Bradyrhizobium sp.. Bacteria colonize plant roots, penetrate inside of root cells and are transformed into symbiotic forms – bacteroids, which are localized in the new root morphological structures – nodules. The process of N2 fixation by bacteroids of the root nodules is catalyzed by the enzyme nitrogenase (NG), which is influenced by diverse endogenous and exogenous circumstances, including type and quantity of the essential nutrients.

In this study, we have attempted a comparison of nodule growth and NG activity of inoculated soybean plants supplied with low concentrations of mineral N, and also with essential metal ions compounds, inclusive Mo, Co, Mn and Zn. The effect of NH4NO3, NH4 (SO4)2 and NaNO3 supply on plant growth, nodulation and NG activity was investigated in a greenhouse experiment with the use of sand culture and the nutrient media after Preanicinikov, using (1/30 part) of the mineral N. The highest values of nodule NG activity were in the variant with NH4 (SO4)2, followed by NaNO3.The nodule biomass and NG activity of the soybean plants that grew on the medium with NH4NO3 was at the lowest level.

It has also been shown that the growth of soybean nodules and NG activity related to micronutrient supply, administered at the stage of the first trifoliate leaf, has varied and were determined by the metal ion type and the plant ontogenesis stage. By the stimulatory effect on NG activity, metal ions can be arranged in the following descending order: i) at the beginning of the bloom: Mo> Co > Mn> Zn; ii) at the mass flowering: Co >Mn > Mo >Zn; and at the pods formation: Co >Mn >Zn> Mo. The highest level of NG activity for all tested metal ions was observed at the mass flowering of soybean.

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EFFECTS OF DROUGHT STRESS ON THE SEED GERMINATION IN SUNFLOWER

Steliana CLAPCO, Ana MUTU, Angela PORT, Maria DUCA

"Dimitrie Cantemir" State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Abiotic stress, particularly drought stress is a common problem occurring all over the

world and a serious limiting factor for global crop production, the yield losses accounting more than 50% for many crops. The plants can be affected by drought at any time of their life, but the critical stages are the germination and seedling growth. Being an oil seed crop sunflower is particularly susceptible to water shortage at germination stage and the exposure of seeds to water stress may compromise the seedlings establishment.

The aim of this study was the evaluation of seed germination related to drought tolerance. The response to drought stress on germination was investigated on twenty sunflower genotypes (noted conventionally HM 1-20), using 2 concentrations of PEG 6000 (10% and 20%) to induced artificial water stress. Final germination percentage (FGP, %) was used to evaluate the plant response to drought.

Under no water stress (control) seed germination is the highest and range between 80,0-100,0%. Germination was significantly affected by the osmotic potential and decreased with the increase in PEG 6000 concentration in all the hybrids. The minimum FGP values (28,3; 36,7; 43,3; 46,7 and 48,3%) were established at the highest 20% PEG in hybrids HM18, HM5, HM2, HM3 and HM12, respectively, the decrease ranged between 31,7-51,7% comparative to control. This trend was similar under 10% PEG concentrations, water stress reducing seed germination percentage with 10,0-21,7% in the same samples, with small exceptions. The highest germination percentage was observed at the 10% PEG concentration (91,7-98,3%) in hybrids HM8-HM11, HM14, HM15 and HM17, with maximal value in HM14, HM15 and HM17.

The sunflower hybrid HM2, HM3, HM12 and HM18 showed minimal value of FGP under both PEG concentrations. The hybrids HM1, HM8, HM9, HM10, HM13, HM14 and HM15 had the highest germination stress tolerance (FGP˃80%) under both tested PEG concentrations and could be considered tolerant to drought stress at this stage of development. Thus, on the basis of the results of this study, 7 tolerant sunflower hybrids were selected.

The germination test may be useful for rapid identifying, in a controlled experimental assay, of drought tolerant sunflower cultivars which could be used in further breeding programs.

Key words: sunflower, germination, drought stress, PEG 6000.

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Resistance to biotic and abiotic stress CROP PLANT RESISTANCE TO BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC FACTORS

Liuba CORETCHI, Alexandru BUDAC, Ekaterina BONDARENCO

Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, National Centre of Public Health, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

The main aim of plant breeding is to ensure quantity/quality of crops to respond to

the continuous increase of world population. However the genetic potential of crop production is constantly threatened by environmental stresses, including biotic/abiotic factors that reduce crop yield and quality. Molecular genetics approaches like mutation, marker assisted selection (MAS), genomics, recombinant DNA technology, targeted induced local lesions in genome (TILLING), and virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) were adapted by breeders to develop effective resistance in crop plants in a shorter time. Significant progress can already be seen in the development of genomic resources for model species of Medicago, Lotus, major legumes (soybean, common bean, peanut), and minor legume crops (cowpea, chickpea, pigeon pea).

Our research is focused on the resistance responses of crops, mainly legumes, to their main environmental constraints to ultimately improve yield performance. The work in question was carried out by assessing the resistance of soybean and chickpea genotypes in different conditions: field, laboratory, including molecular level using SSR markers. The final aim is the breeding of genotypes for a more durable resistance against pathogens and tolerance against abiotic stresses, in particular those affecting the Republic of Moldova area.

Purpose: elucidating the molecular-genetic basis of leguminous crop relations with pathogens and resistance’s control in soybean and chickpea protection.

Results. Genetic control of soybean and chickpea resistance to fungal and bacterial infections has been elucidated. The gene effects involved in controlling soybean genotypes interactions with fungal and bacterial pathogens, and polymorphism of SSR markers for soybeans and chickpea have been established. A high degree of similarity has been found for soybean, chickpea plant response to F. oxysporum and polymorphism of SSR markers from different linkage groups, which indicates a polygenic control of the reaction and the opportunity to use molecular markers to identify resistant genotypes. A complex study of G. max x Fusarium spp./Ph. sojae/P.glycineia pathosystems has revealed that the formation and the heritage of soybean resistance to pathogens is subject to genetic control of the additive-dominant type. Soybean lines (four) have been included in the national breeding programmes to develop new varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic factors; four varieties of soybeans and two varieties of chickpea have been approved for the Moldova conditions and included in the database of the N.I. Vavilov Research Institute of Plant Industry, St. Petersburg, Russia.

Conclusion. An important role of genotype and temperature factor in manifestation of soybean resistance to F.oxysporum has been defined. Based on SSR-PCR analyzes, the similarity of the electrophoretic profile of soybean and chickpeas genotypes with the reaction to F. oxysporum culture filtrate was determined. Polymorphs were 0.63 for soybeans and 0.55 for chickpeas.

http://dpg.phytomedizin.org/fileadmin/daten/04_Verlag/02_SP/06_Resist/0294-sp-2009-Resist-6.pdf

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HAPLOID SELECTION OF MAIZE

Anatolie CRAVCENCO, Oxana CLIMENCO Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Evaluation of pollen characters and elaboration of haploid selection methods is an

important part of maize breeding. As the initial material 27 inbred lines (L1866, P101, P502, MK390, P523, B73, Mo17, W23, N6, L1362, P346, L459, P165, XL12, P346wx1wx1, Rf7, MK159, W47, 092, M11, A239, L276, 4nW23, A285, MK01, Co125, P343) and 19 F1 hybrids were used. The data were processed using the method of analysis of variance.

Coefficients of correlation and regression were also determined. On the basis of the variability of such characters as “diameter of pollen grain”, “fertility”, “sterility”, “weight of pollen fractions” were elaborated the methods of adaptive genotypes selection, evaluation of attraction capacity, differentiation of genotypes in dependence of water-holding capacity. The highest values of pollen water-holding capacity were noted for Co125,MK01,P346,P523, M11, B73, 092 inbred lines and these genotypes can be used for the creation of drought resistant F1 hybrids.

To accelerate selection for heterosis the method of genome compatibility was tested. It was found out that the nutrient medium supplied with the extract from pollen of A285 inbred line significantly stimulated pollen viability of MK390, N6, 4nW23. The extracts from pollen of N6 and 4nW23 genotypes significantly stimulated pollen viability of M11. This method can also help to evaluate combining ability of the genotypes. The heritability (h2) of pollen characters “fertility” and “diameter“ were studied and F1 hybrids with high values of these characters were found (P523xB73, L1866xA285, P343xRf7, L1866xF2, L1866xCo125 Co125xL1866).

For inbred lines P165, Rf7, Mk01, P502, N6, P101, W47, Mo17, A285 (in combination with genotype P343) the heritability coefficient (for pollen fertility) was 0,987***. The high values of heritability of pollen fertility were noticed for genotypes F2, A285, P346, Co125 (in combination with genotype L1866) and for genotypes A239, B73, P502 (in combination with P523 genotype) - h2=0,75* and h2=0,981***, respectively. Inbred lines Mo17, L459, L276, P165, P502 had the highest values of pollen fertility. It was also shown that 11 inbred lines (P343, Co125, A285, 1362, 092, XL12, MK390, Mo17, P346, 4nW23, W47) have effective genetic systems of high adaptivity.

The high values of pollen resistance to high and low temperatures were noted for L459, 092, P502 and these inbred lines can be used in cross combinations for obtaining adaptive F1 hybrids. For the determination of the genotypes resistant to low temperatures their pollen was stored in conditions of low (+1+80C) temperatures during 10 days.

Analysis of variance showed that variability of pollen diameter (in normal and stress conditions) proved to be mostly genotype-depending (58,24%). Pollen diameter of inbred lines 4nW23, L459 differed insignificantly both in normal and stress conditions. These genotypes are likely to be stress tolerant. Thus, haploid selection for resistance to abiotic stresses is very efficient in maize breeding.

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EFFECT OF Fusarium oxysporum INOCULATION ON SOYBEA SEEDLING GROWTH

Anna CZUBACKA1, Grażyna KORBECKA-GLINKA1,

Hanna OLSZAK-PRZYBYŚ1, Ruslan MONICH2 1Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant

Cultivation- State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland; 2Scientific Research Center for Soybean Development "AgeSoya",

Huta Krzeszowska, Poland.

Fusarium oxysporum is considered to be one of the most important fungal pathogens. This species complex comprises of many different formae speciales, which combined infect over a hundred of different hosts and cause severe losses in many crops. F. oxysporum is one of the most frequently detected fungi in soybean seedlings with disease symptoms in production fields in Poland; therefore, it may contribute to fungal infections lowering emergence of this important crop.

The aim of this study was to determine an effect of F. oxysporuminoculation on soybean seedlingsbelonging to seven cultivars bred by AgeSoya: Annushka, Atlanta, Lajma, Madlen, Mavka, Smuglyanka and Violetta.F. oxysporumisolate used for the inoculation tests was obtained from the Polish Bank of Plant Pathogens and multiplied on PDA medium. Two-week old fungal cultures were placed on sterile soil with 5% addition of barley groats. After four weeks of incubation, such inoculation mixture was spread over disinfected soybean seeds placed on top of sterile soil.The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber(humidity 90%, temperature 15-18oC). Five weeks after inoculation, plant development and disease symptoms were recorded and fungal isolates were obtained from the tissues with disease symptoms.

Tested soybean cultivars differed in their susceptibility to F. oxysporum. Most of individuals of cv. Madlen showed severe symptoms such as large brown spots on stem baseand on some roots. A half of plants belonging to cv. Atlanta, Mavka and Violetta showed spots on roots. In case of Mavka and Smuglyanka stem base and roots were equally affected by the disease while Lajma and Madlen had symptoms mainly on stems. The least susceptible cultivar appeared to be Lajma because 70% of seedlingsof this cultivar showed no disease symptoms.Mycological and molecular analysis of the obtained fungal isolates confirmed that the disease symptoms observed on the experimental plants were caused by F. oxysporum.

This researchis supported by the National Centre for Research and Development of Poland within the framework of the strategic R&D programme "Environment, agriculture and forestry"-BIOSTRATEG(acronym: BIOSOYCOAT, duration of the project 2017-2020, contract no. BIOSTRATEG3/346390/4/NCBR/2017).

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SOME ASPECTS OF RESPONSE MECHANISM OF Helianthus annuus L. TO Orobanche cumana Wallr.

Maria DUCA, Angela PORT, Olesea TABARA


The accumulation of phenylpropanoids compounds has significant role in resistance mechanisms at post-attachment and post-haustorial interaction. Lignin is a phenolic polymer mainly deposited in secondary cell wall during the last stages of cell differentiation and provides enhanced mechanical strength and a water-impermeable barrier.

There are some investigations reporting the lignification, vessel occlusion, cell wall deposition (Labrousse et al. 2001) and overexpression of two genes (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase - PAL and cinnamate-4-hydroxylase - C4H) in Helianthus infected by Orobanche cumana (Letousey et al. 2007).

This study includes the data related to the transcriptional activity of four genes - PAL, C4H, 4CL1 and FAH1, involved in lignin metabolism, correlated with the analysis of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity and histochemical investigations of root tissue in sunflower resistant (Favorit and PR64LE20) and susceptible (Performer) genotypes to O. cumana.

Experiences have been realized in pots with sterilized soil – uninfected (control) and infected with broomrape seeds. The biologic material (roots) was collected in temporal dynamics during the four development phases of pathosystem, within 67 days. The cross-sections were stained with Safranin O. The PAL activity was measured spectrophotometrically at 290 nm by using trans-cinnamic acid substrate. Transcript accumulation of genes was assayed by real-time PCR using specific primers.

There are no differences in lignin deposition but have been ascertained variations of enzyme activity and expression of genes between resistant and susceptible genotypes in normal (uninfected) conditions of cultivation.

The comparative analysis of two experimental models in the background of infection: pathogen-host incompatibility (Favorit and PR64LE20) and pathosystem (Performer) has been demonstrated different expression profiles for the same physiological reaction (resistance).

In the incompatible combination of the hybrid Favorit - O. cumana the manifestation of response reactions to stress in the background of infection beginning 35 days after cultivation through increasing of lignin content and PAL activity with indirectly correlate with the relative expression genes.

The PR64LE20 genotype has displayed a defense response almost throughout the all analyzed period, expressed predominantly by the repression of the mRNA synthesis of the four genes and the PAL.

Significant intensification of the stress state was manifested by the more intensive accumulation of transcripts. The lignin content and PAL activity have been established in the case of pathosystem Performer - O. cumana at the stage of underground stems and flowering shoots.

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DISEASES OF LEGUME PLANTS AT THE CENTRAL PART OF RUSSIA

Irina ENGALYCHEVA, Elena KOZAR′, Ekaterina PRONINA,

Vladimir USHAKOV, Irina BALASHOVA Federal State Budget Scientific Institution

"Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" (FSBSI FSVC), Russian Federation

The damage of pathogens various etiologies remains the main factor limiting high yields of legume crops. Phytosanitary situation at the central part of Russia has changed significantly in recent years, as results of diseases monitoring evidenced.

In conditions of climate change, diseases from southern regions move to northern areas, and the harm of existing pathogens increases the risk of epiphytoties of new diseases. The aim of our study is phytosanitary control of diseases spread and evaluation the level of harmfulness of pathogens of various etiologies in cenosis of legume crops.

The epiphytotytic nature of legume defeat with Ascomycetes of Fusarium genus has been observed in recent years. F. nivale and F. chlamidosporum are the most harmful for pea vegetable. F.solani, F.oxysporum v. oxysporum, F.sambucinum, F.sporotrichiella are more often encountered in the pathogenic complex of green bean and vegetable bean. The virulence of previously weakly pathogenic species F.oxysporum v. artroceras, F.semitectum, F.javanicum are intensified for all legume crops.

The degree of damage susceptible samples reaches 60-80%, and 100% in the period of epiphytoty. Spreading of pathogens Ascochyta spp., Colletotrichum spp., Alternaria spp., Stemphillium spp., Pseudocercospora spp., Uromyces spp. on leguminous crops is 5-60% depends on conditions of the year. Strong spread of Botrytis cinerea and B. fabae is observed in years with heavy precipitations. The degree of diseases development can reach 70-100%. The harmfulness of the virus-pathogens has been increasing in recent years: crop losses reach 30-50%, and 90% at the epiphytotic years.

Bean common mosaic potyvirus, Cucumber mosaic virus and Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus are widely spread on green beans; Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus is observed on plants of vegetable beans; Pea common mosaic potyvirus - on sweet pea plants. Pathogens of bacterial etiology cause brown spots and angular spots of beans. Xanthomonas phaseoli and Pseudomonas phaseolicola are the most harmful bacteria of legume crops. The degree of bacterial diseases spread was 29-80% depends on the year. The obtained information about the species composition of pathogenic complex, its structure and dynamics of variability, is important for choosing the strategy for legumes protection to obtain a guaranteed yield of high quality.

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DEVELOPMENT OF SUNFLOWER LINES NOT AFFECTED BY RACE G OF BROOMRAPE (Orobanche cumana Wallr) AND THE INHERITANCE OF

RESISTANCE

Saida GUCHETL, Tatyana ANTONOVA, Nina ARASLANOVA, Tatyana TCHELYUSTNIKOVA

All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S., Russia

The intensification of sunflower cultivation as a highly profitable crop led to a widespread reduction of its crop rotation in the cultivation regions in the Russian Federation. This lead to the acceleration of racial formation and the accumulation of the seeds of the sunflower obligate parasite from higher plants, broomrape (O. cumana Wallr.), in the plowing layer of soil. Broomrape, as a weed plant, has a high potential of reproductive function and presents a serious obstruction limiting the sunflower cultivation in many countries. The monitoring of the racial composition of the broomrape, carried out by us every year, showed that at present race G is dominating in the most populations of broomrape in the southern regions of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the search for sources of immunity to this race is important in order to create a sunflower parent material resistant to it. The objective of this work is the creation of sunflower lines that are not affected by race G of broomrape, as well as the determination of genetic control of resistance.

To accomplish this task, the testing of the resistance of VNIIMK’s collection samples of a cultivated sunflower of various origins was carried out on an artificial background made from the seeds of race G of broomrape. 6 lines of the RG line (resistant to race G) were created by the method of inbreeding on the basis of the allocated unaffected forms. The genetic control of resistance of one of them in crossbreeding with susceptible lines from the VNIIMK’s collection was studied. The resistance was inherited monogeneuosly, with incomplete dominance. There was established the presence of a reciprocal effect and the dependence of the resistance characteristic on the genotype of a susceptible parent under crossbreeding with certain lines. Therefore, when creating hybrids using this source of resistance, it is necessary to take into account the genotype of the susceptible recipient line. It is necessary that both crossbreeding lines have a given resistance gene. The other 5 sunflower lines that we created and which are not affected by race G, are in the process of a hybridologic analysis in order to determine the genetic control of their resistance. The combination of different genes of resistance to the same race of broomrape in one sunflower genotype and the cultivation of hybrids carrying genes that control different mechanisms of resistance could contribute to the long-term resistance of the crop to the parasite.

The created inbred lines can be used cumulatively as donors of resistance to race G of broomrape, providing long-term resistance.

The research was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR and the Administration pf the Krasnodar region, grant № 16-44-230102.

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PHENOTYPING OF SEGREGATING GENERATIONS DERIVED FROM SUNFLOWER INTERSPECIFIC CROSSES (H. annuus) AND

(H. argophyllus)

M. HUSSAIN1, S. RAUF1, J. PEDERWESKI3, N. ABDUL2, M. KAUSAR1 1Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University College of Agriculture, University

of Sargodha, Pakistan; 2Research Innovation and Commercialization, University College of Agriculture,

Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Warsaw University of Life

Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Limited water availability suggests that in future water insufficiency will be norm which leads to the major losses in yield and yield components. Management under these conditions as compare to unlimited water availability may result in reducing yield losses.

Study was started to improve crop production by introgression of drought tolerant traits from wild sunflower to cultivated type of sunflower resultantly material of filial generations F1, F2, and F4 is analyzed on the basis of some phenotypic and physiological indicators.

When compare to parents UCA-16 and Argo-5-IV these segregating populations have mean value in F1 and when compared by leaf parameters like leaf rolling, hairiness, leaf colour and waxes produced by cuticular layers behaved differently. In selected material of successive generations on cell membrane injury, achene yield and single head type will be further grown by keeping ultimate objective of drought tolerant inbred line.

Key words: introgression, production, leaf color, tolerant inbred line, leaf rolling.

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TO THE QUESTION OF SUNFLOWER RESISTANCE TO THE DOWNY MILDEW PATHOGENIN THE KRASNODAR REGION OF THE RUSSIAN

FEDERATION

Maria IWEBOR, Tatiana ANTONOVA, Nina ARASLANOVA, Svetlana SAUKOVA

Federal state budgetary scientific institution "All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of V.S. Pustovoit", Russia

Downy mildew of sunflower is referred to the one of the most dangerous diseases in

the Russian Federation which can significantly reduce yields. Therefore sunflower breeding for resistance to the pathogen - Plasmopara halstedii (Farl.)Berl. et de Toni - has been conducting at VNIIMK continuously since the middle ofXX centure.

When in 1990-ies free import of foreign sunflower seeds was permitted, new races appeared in the population of the pathogen in the Krasnodar region. This could be a result both of import of infected sunflower seeds and co-evolution of P. halstedii and its host – sunflower.

As sunflower is very attractive profitable crop, during last 30 years the sowing areas under it were increased three times in producing regions and the scientifically based crop rotations were dramatically reduced up to 1-3 years. This accelerated formation of P. halstediiraces. The race differentiation has been done at VNIIMK since 2000-ies according to the international proved nomenclature (Tourvieille de Labrouhe et al., 2000).

Currently, seven races: 330, 334, 710, 713, 730, 733 and 734 were found in the pathogen population in the Krasnodar region. In present time the races 710 and 730 predominate, after long time prevalence of the race 330. The permanent long-term monitoring of the pathogen race structure, conducted by researchers at VNIIMK, allows timely detection of new races. So, the races 713, 733 and 734 – new for the Krasnodar region – were discovered here in the last two years. The races 713 and 733 are the first in the Russian Federation that overcame the resistance of sunflower differential lines HAR-4 and QHP-1 (and itsanalog HAR-5).

To test breeding germplasm resistance, all found in the region P. halstedii races wereused. Depending on the tasks, breeding samples were inoculated by single races or the racesmixes in the laboratory conditions. As a result, the sunflower samples resistant to some races and to the complex of seven mentioned races were determined.

Thus, in current time at VNIIMK there is an initial germplasm of sunflower with group immunity to all P. halstedii races allocated in the fields of the Krasnodar region.

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THE IMROVEMENT OF RESISTANCE TO Orobanche cumana PARASITE, IN SUNFLOWER GENOTYPES, RESISTANT TO HERBICIDES

Maria JOITA-PACUREANU1, Luxita RISNOVEANU3,4, Gabriel Florin

ANTON1,2, Alexandru BRAN2,5, Elisabeta SAVA5

1National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Fundulea, Romania;

2University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania; 3Agricultural Research Development Station Braila, Romania;

4"Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Engineering and Agronomy Faculty of Braila-Agronomy Center for Research and Consultancy and Environment "Lunca", Braila,

Romania; 5The State institute for Variety Testing and Registration, Bucharest, Romania

Sunflower resistance to herbicides it was identified in the wild sunflower Helianthus

annuus, in 1998 year, in USA. Using the developed cultivated sunflower inbred lines, as sources for resistance, there have been obtained the inbred lines with high agronomic traits, resistant to herbicides.

The parasitic plant Orobanche cumana (broomrape) is the most important biotic constraint to the production of sunflower, in all counties were this crop is grown, excepting North and South America.

There is a diversity of O. cumana races, identified worldwide. Resistance to the most virulent races of the parasite has been transferred from wild Helianthus into cultivated sunflower, by interspecific hybridization, resulting good sources of resistance.

Using backcross or recurrent selection methods we have introduced genes of resistance, in the elite lines. The first hybrids there have been obtained, with possibility to be cultivated in SUNEO technology. Key words: sunflower, resistance, herbicides, broomrape, hybrids.

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EXPLOITING Phaseolus sp. GERMPLASM FOR FROST TOLERANCE BREEDING AT SEEDLING STAGE

Faik KANTAR1, Bilgehan Turan CERTEL1, Volkan GÖZEN2 Akın TEPE2,

Vahdettin ÇIFTÇI3, Hatice İKTEN1, Cengiz TOKER4 1Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture,

Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey; 2Western Mediterranean Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute,

Muratpaşa Antalya Turkey; 3Abant İzzet Baysal University, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences,

Gölköy, Bolu, Turkey; 4Akdeniz University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops, Antalya Turkey

Chilling stress (temperatures below 10 oC) and frost damage (temperatures below

0oC) is primary stress factor limiting the growth and production of Cultivated beans (Phaseolusaccutifolius A. Gray, P. coccineous L., P. lunatus L. and P. vulgaris L.)1. Utilisation of germplasm from high altitudes may lead to extended period of bean production.

An experiment was set up in order to screen 130 genotypes previously selected for their chilling tolerance out of 826 accessions for frost tolerance at seedling stage at – 3 oC for 2 hours at 300 µmol m-2s-1 light intensity in controlled climatic conditions. Frost damage was assessed on the bases of visual scales, cell membrane leakage, Chlorophyll measurements, leaf colour parameters in comparison with control plants.

Considerable variation existed within the germplasm screened for frost tolerance at seedling stage. 1 genotype showed no visual frost damage , 14 negligible damage and 7 slight damage (scale of 1, 2, and 3 respectively) while the remaining genotypes ranged between 4 to 9 (dead plants). Phenotyping parameters were assessed in relation to breeding mild frost tolerant bean cultivars for spring sowings.

References 1Balasubramanian, P.M., 2002. “Selection for chilling and freezing resistance in

common bean, (PhD Thesis).” The Department of Plant Sciences University of Saskatchewan Saskatoon. Acknowledgements This project is supported by The Scientific And Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBİTAK) (Project no. 114 O 806 as part of COST Action No. FA1306 The quest for tolerant varieties: Phenotyping at plant and cellular level)

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DEVELOPING SEED COATING FOR SOYBEAN IN ORDER TO INCREASE ITS TOLERANCE TO ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL

CONDITIONS

Grażyna KORBECKA-GLINKA1, Anna CZUBACKA1, Urszula SKOMRA1, Teresa DOROSZEWSKA1, Ewa KOPANIA2, Ruslan MONICH3,

Dorota BOBRECKA-JAMRO4 1Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Puławy,

Poland; 2Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Poland;

3Scientific Research Center of Soya Development "AgeSoya" Poland; 4University of Rzeszów, Poland

Soybean is an important source of oil and protein, used mainly for food and animal

feed. Poland imports approx. 2 mln tons of this crop every year, therefore an increase of the local production is desirable. Soybean cultivation in Poland faces limitations due to geographical and climatic conditions. Germination of seeds is one of the critical stages of plant growth when high mortality may occur in soybean fields. Adverse weather conditions with lowtemperature (below 12oC) and high humidity of the soil prolong germination and increase the risk of infections caused by soil-borne pathogenic fungi. Many species of fungi can cause these infections but Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were frequently isolated from soybean seedlings in Poland.

Project BIOSOYCOAT aims at comparing resistance to the above mentioned fungal pathogens for seven soybean cultivars produced by “AgeSoya” company and belonging to maturity groups ranging from 00 to 0000 and therefore suitable for cultivation in Poland. The evaluation of fungal resistance of these cultivars will be performed in controlled conditions using pure cultures of fungi. Three cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance will be used in further research.

The project aims also at developing a formula for coating soybean seedsin order to protect them from low temperatures as well as fungal infections. The new seed coating will be based on renewable biopolymer compositions consisting of selected natural polymers (e.g. polysaccharides or their derivatives). The effect of the new seed coat on germination and health of soybean will be tested both in controlled conditions (in climate chambers) and in the field. The occurrence of fungal pathogens will be compared for plants grown from coated and uncoated seeds using molecular methods such as metagenomics. Project: “Development of innovative biodegradable soybean seed coating based on biopolymers from renewable raw materials for better tolerance of plants to adverse environmental conditions” (acronym: BIOSOYCOAT) is supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, within the framework of the strategic R&D programme "Environment, agriculture and forestry"- BIOSTRATEG. Contract no. BIOSTRATEG3/346390/4/NCBR/2017. Duration of the project 2017-2020.

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SEARCH FOR SOURCES OF STABILITY OF GREEN BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) FOR VIRUS DISEASES IN THE MOSCOW REGION

Elena KOZAR′, Irina ENGALYCHEVA, Alexander ANTOSHKIN,

Anna SMIRNOVA Federal State Budget Scientific Institution

"Federal Scientific Vegetable Center" (FSBSI FSVC), Russia

In conditions of intensive agriculture, favorable conditions are created for the spread of the most harmful virus pathogens on the green bean cultures. According to recent observations in the Moscow region, Bean yellow mosaic potivirus (BYMV) and Bean common mosaic potyvirus (BCMV) are economically significant. These viruses cause various pathological changes in plants: deformities, necrosis, dwarfism, oppression of reproductive and photosynthetic organs.

This reduces the yield of grain and green bean, worsens the product's quality. The aim of present investigation was to study the isolated viral isolates and to evaluate the prospective varieties of green bean for resistance to the most harmful virus pathogens for inclusion in the breeding process.

As a result, morphological, physicochemical and biological properties of the isolated BYMV and BCMV isolates were studied. Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus during mechanical inoculation of indicator plants caused various systemic symptoms on plants of fenugreek (Trigonella), pea, bean, sweet pea, vigna.

BYMV virions had a spherical shape with a diameter of 30 nm. When Bean isolate common mosaic potyvirus infected indicator plants, only green bean plants were sensitive. The BCMV virions had a spherical shape with a diameter of 35 nm.

The collection nursery of the green bean FSBSI FSVC is annually supplemented with varieties of Russian and foreign selection for evaluation of resistance to viral infection and their inclusion in the breeding process.

The study of the stability of the collection and breeding material of green bean to BYMV and BCMV is conducted in dynamics on a natural provocative infectious background, where the degree of defeat of susceptible samples annually ranges from 50% to 100%. For selection, the most interesting are samples without signs of virus damage by pathogens throughout the growing season in different years.

As sources of complex resistance to viral infections, in combination with high economic-value traits from the collection nursery, samples of Perun, Khavskaya universal′naya, Mirage, Irishka, Zolotoy nektar, Fartran, Vestochka, Zolotaya sheyka, Kiritsia, Nota are highlighted.

These samples were included in hybridization to produce resistant green bean varieties to Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus and Bean common mosaic potyvirus.

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DETECTION OF THE RLM4 GENE DETERMINING BLACKLEG RESISTANCE IN COLLECTION OF RAPE

V. LEMESH1, G. MOZGOVA1, Ya. PILYUK2, N. HORUZHIY1, E. BYK1

1Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; 2Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of

Belarus for Arable Farming

Brassica napus is the main oilseed crop in the Republic of Belarus and great attention is paid to the selection of new high yielded varieties with improved quality of seeds and oil, resistance to diseases, pests, abiotic factors of the environment. At the same time, the expansion of the crop production and its saturation in the crop rotation led to an increase in the incidence of diseases. The most harmful is blackleg (dry rot of cabbage), the pathogen is the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ges., De Not. with an imperfect stage Phoma lingam Tode, Fries. In the world practice of agriculture, this pathogen is one of the most dangerous among other bacterial, fungal and viral diseases. The shortage of a crop at infection can make 50% and more.The search and transfer of genes for resistance to blackleg is one of the main directions of B. napus selection programs both in Belarus and abroad.

The purpose of our work is to develop a technology for DNA-typing of rape selection material on a complex of genes for selection of rape forms resistant to blackleg. For the detection of Leptosphaeria maculans and evaluation of the pathogen avirulence alleles that allows to predict presence of the corresponding R-genes ofrape, fungal populations were collected on affected rape plants grown at the experimental field of the Research and Practical Center of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming. The analysis of pathogen avirulence alleles carried out by the PCR method revealed the region Avr Lm4-7, specifically recognized by the resistance genes Rlm4 and Rlm7. Also using the PCR method, allowing to differentiate closely related species of L. maculans and L. biglobosa pathogens hardly distinguished by other methods, it was found that collected on the experimental field population of the pathogen belongs to the L. maculans.

Use of the SCAR marker BN204 made it possible to detect resistance to L. maculans belonging to the pathogenicity group 3 (PG3). It is known that PG3 is virulent in control varieties of Westar rape (sensitive to blackleg), and Glacier (carries the resistance genes Rlm2 and Rlm3), while the Dunkeld is resistant to PG3 and carries the Rlm4 gene (homozygote for the query sequence, 800 bp). Thus, the presence of 800 bp sequence when analyzed using a DNA marker BN204 suggests the presence of the Rlm4 gene that determines the resistance to race of the pathogen bearing the Avr4 gene.Using the DNA marker BN204 on the control rape varieties that are resistant to blackleg, it was possible to identify homozygotes (800 bp sequence) and heterozygotes (800 bp and 760 bp sequences) resistant to PG3.

The collection of rapeseed forms was analyzed using DNA marker BN204. It was revealed that 55 individual plants of the studied forms carry the Rlm4 gene. It should be noted that the number of individual plants bearing this allele was higher than the number of resistant plants characterized by infection of leaf explants with pathogens bearing the sequence AvrLm4-7. It can be assumed that these forms carry the Rlm4 gene, but they have not the Rlm7 gene.

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HERITABILITY OF THE COMMON WHEAT REACTION TO THE Drechslera sorokiniana (Sacc.) Subram. PATHOGEN

Galina LUPAȘCU, Elena SAȘCO, Svetlana GAVZER, Cristina COŞALÎC


Knowing of the genetic basis of wheat reaction to fungal pathogens streamlines the programs of creating resistant genotypes. The purpose of the research was to elucidate the genetic and epigenetic factors involved in the controlling of the resistance of common wheat to one of the severe causative agents of the root rot – Drechslera sorokiniana, commonly spread in cereal seed in the Republic of Moldova.

The research was carried out under laboratory conditions by assessing the influence of D. sorokiniana culture filtrate on the plant growth organs and important morphogenetic indices – the frequency, surface and callus biomass in the adult wheat embryos. Parental forms, hybrids F1 and F2 were involved in the research.

It was found that the growth of embryonic root and stem in F1 hybrids of wheat was significantly determined by the dominant factors of the parental forms which showed different degree of expression and orientation (direction of the values: +/-), depending on the hybrid combination, the variant of growth (control, culture filtrate) and growth organ (embryonic root, stem), which signifies differentiated involvement of allelic interactions of parental genomes in the growth of wheat plants.

In one of the most susceptible test objects to the action of pathogens in the soil – the root embryo, it was found that phenomenon of overdominance and incomplete parental dominance with high values of character was manifested more frequently, which denotes the active allelic interactions of the parental genomes in the reaction to pathogen metabolites.

In the reciprocal hybrids there were differences in the degree of dominance in both level of manifestation and orientation.

The maternal effect was more pronounced in the pathogen response than in optimal conditions.

In the mature wheat embryo culture, it was found that the parental factor has a strong influence on the transgressive potential of segregated F2 populations in terms of callus frequency, surface and callus biomass both under optimum conditions (Murashige-Skoog-MS medium) and on the MS culture medium supplemented with culture filtrate of D. sorokiniana, which makes it possible to optimize the procedures for obtaining vigorous regenerants on the toxin medium of said pathogen.

The data show that the parental factor, ie the choice of the hybridization components as maternal or paternal form, greatly influences the degree of manifestation of the genetic and epigenetic factors that control the reaction of hybrid wheat plants to D. sorokiniana pathogen.

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INTEGRATED FOOD PROTECTION OF MAIZE - BASED FOOD SECURITY AND SAFETY OF CORN

Vasile MATICIUC, Lucia GUZUN

Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Republic of Moldova

Food corn is attractive host for a number of pests and pathogens that invades all plant organs at the time of germination up to the stage of maturity.

Protect food corn seed treatment is performed by preparations for plant protection from outbreaks of pests. The integrated protection is used legally possible actions of principles organic farming such as biological means using antagonistic microorganisms limiting the pathogens. An important role in integrated protection of grain corn specifically for food industry occupies the creation and implementation in production of corn hybrids resistant to diseases and pests.

The breeding complexity lies in improving grain quality with optimum combination of plant productivity and resistance to pathogens and pests. Developing productive and resistant hybrids, essentially depends on the genetic genotypes used as parental forms. Inbred lines resistant to pests and diseases is behind the creation of hybrids. Genetic variability for resistance to pathogens and pests, food corn is limited and sources of resistance have poor taste qualities. Initially biological material for create new lines and hybrids of maize food was presented by local populations, local and foreign lines of world collection and other genetic sources flint corn, everta and sweet corn varieties.

In the works to improve the focus was on the use of recurrent selection dent lines as donors of productivity and resistance. The development and evaluation resistance inbred lines and hybrids were carried out by different methods of selection in the field in monoculture and the incorporation and inoculation of the infection.

One of the effective methods to improve the quality of maize is the inclusion in the selection of varieties as the starting material and the particular qualities of the local population to population nutrition. Creation of specific lines of genetic material with different indexes, confirming the effectiveness of the grain dent sources to increase production, resistance to biotic and abiotic factor

The breeding in the last 25 years have resulted in the development of several inbred lines with flint kernels and high content of vitamins and ß- carotin grains specifically for popcorn and sweet. During our activity were develop 62 new inbred lines, inclusive 22 of flint corn, 12 popcorn and 28 of sweet corn. In the Register of Plant Varieties of Republic of Moldova were registered 19 new hybrids for special uses in food industry, inclusive 4 flint corn for cereals and flour: Porumbeni 348, Porumbeni 393, Porumbeni 397, Porumbeni 402; four hybrids for popcorn: Porumbeni 396E, Porumbeni 356E, Porumbeni 394E, Porumbeni 398E and ten sweet corn hybrids: Porumbeni 196su, Porumbeni 198su, Porumbeni 200su, Porumbeni 342su, Porumbeni 343su, Porumneni 280su, Porumbeni 252su.

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MOLECULAR IDENTIFICATION OF FUNGAL PATHOGENS IN SOYBEAN

Hanna OLSZAK-PRZYBYŚ1, Anna CZUBACKA1, Grażyna KORBECKA-Glinka1, Wacław JARECKI2, Ruslan MONICH3, Elżbieta PATKOWSKA4

1Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland; 2University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland;

3Scientific Research Center of Soya Development "AgeSoya", Poland, 4University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most valuable legume species, cultivated mainly

for production of human food and animal feed. In Poland soy production is increasing every year despite of difficulties related to geographic and climatic conditions. Soybean is a thermophilic plant and low soil temperature during seed germination may contribute to the development of various fungal diseases on soybean seedlings.

The aim of the research was to identify pathogenic fungi responsible for low emergence in seven soybean cultivars grown in Poland including: Annushka, Mavka, Violetta, Atlanta, Madlen, Lajma, Smuglyanka (the seeds were obtained from AgeSoya, which is the leading breeder of soybean in Ukraine and Poland). Seven individuals, including plants with disease symptoms on leaves, stems, roots, as well as seeds if the plant did not germinate, were sampled from each cultivar in June 2017 from the experimental field located in Makowiska (South-Eastern Poland). Collected samples were superficially disinfected using sodium hypochlorite solution and their fragments were placed on the mineral SNA medium. Then obtained fungal isolates were transferred to different media for further molecular and microscopic identification.

A total of 62 clear fungal isolates were obtained from the sampled plants. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect and identify species in each of the isolates. Most of all tested isolates (30.6%) consisted of fungi belonging to Fusarium genus. Most samples of Violetta variety (26.3%) were infected by Fusarium spp., while fungi from this group were not detected in any of the samples of Smuglyanka. Among all Fusarium spp. isolates, the most frequently detected species was F. oxysporum (78.9%). This species was identified in approx. 20% of the samples obtained from cultivars: Lajma, Mavka, Violetta, Annushka and Madlen. None of the Smuglyanka and Atlanta samples were infected by this fungus. Further research based on inoculation tests with pure cultures of F. oxysporum can confirm the association between the observed disease symptoms and infection caused by this fungus.

Project: “Development of innovative biodegradable soybean seed coating based on biopolymers from renewable raw materials for better tolerance of plants to adverse environmental conditions” (acronym: BIOSOYCOAT) is supported by the National Centre for Research and Development, within the framework of the strategic R&D programme "Environment, agriculture and forestry"- BIOSTRATEG. Contract no. BIOSTRATEG3/346390/4/NCBR/2017. Duration of the project 2017-2020.

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ASSOCIATED EFFECTS OF CO-INOCULATION OF Bradyrhizobium japonicum WITH Pseudomonas putida ON SOYBEAN YIELD CULTIVATED

ON CARBONATED CHERNOZIOM

Vladimir ROTARU Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the prominent oilseed crop in world accounting for more

than 50% of the world oilseeds production. Legumes plants have higher requirements to nutrition for acceptable grain yields and higher contents of oil. Soybean seed production may be limited by environmental abiotic factors such as low soil fertility of phosphorus (P). Carbonated chernoziom in the republic of Moldova is characterized by low availability of phosphates. The solution of the potential problems associated with chemical P fertilizers together with the higher cost involved in their manufacture and acquirement, has led to identify environmentally compatible and economically feasible alternative strategies for improving crop productions in low or P-deficient soils. The use of rhizobacteria as inoculants is of great agronomical interest especially in countries with scarce P resources, especially in the republic of Moldova.

The main objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of combined application of two rhizobacria strains namely Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas putida on the grain yield of soybean, cultivated on carbonated chernoziom in the central region of the republic of Moldova.

A two factorial experiment consisting of two rhizobacteria strains (Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas putida) and two application rates of phosphorus fertilizer was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The P treatments were 0 kg P/ha and 60 kg P/ha fertilizer with or without inoculants. The soybean (Glycine max L. Merr) cultivar used in the present study was Horboveanca which is sensitive to P deficiency. Before sowing, the field soil was fertilized with 30 N kg /ha (ammonium nitrate) and 60 kg P per hectare as single superphosphate. The rhizobacteria treatments were uninoculated soybean seeds (control), inoculated soybean seeds with B. japonicum alone and co-inoculated soybean seeds with B. japonicum and P. putida in 1:1 (v/v) ratio. Bacterial inoculation was done immediately before the sowing. The plants were grown to seed maturity under rain-fed conditions while the necessary management practices also were performed. The data were analyzed statistically using F-test according to Dospehov ‘procedure.

The results of this study showed that under no P supplementation and no-inoculation (control treatmnet) with rhizobacteria there were low yields of soybean. The grain yield of soybean was significantly positive influenced by phosphorus fertilization as well as by bacteria strains inoculation. Seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium promoted significant increases in grain yield when compared to the non-inoculated control.

Likewise, the grain yield increased under dual inoculation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas putida. But their effect was more pronounced on unfertilized plots than in bacterial treatments in conjunction with P supplementation. Co-inoculation of B. japonicum and P. putida increased seed yields by 4% over single inoculation and by 12% compared to control plants (uninoculated). Therefore,

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experimental results demonstrated that combined application of two rhizobacteria displayed better agronomic effect than inoculation of B. japonicum alone. However, no prominent enhancement in plant growth of soybean by inoculating the soybean with P. putida and N2-fixer bacteria was observed under P fertilization conditions in comparison to application of B. japonicum alone. This trend of rhizobacteria influence was registered in both experimental years (2016-2017).

Biofertilizers had beneficial impact on nitrogen and phosphorus contents in soybean grains. The nitrogen concentration in soybean seeds registered the lowest value in treatment without inoculation and no fertilized plants. The grain nitrogen content of plants inoculated with B. japonicum was higher than those of the uninoculated plants. Experimental data shown that single inoculation with B. japonicum increased seed N contents by 10,5% but there not significant increasing due to combined use of these bacteria strains. Similarly, the beneficial effect of B. japonicum in nitrogen content (by 7,1%) was observed under P supplementation but at low level. As regard phosphorus concentrations, it was revealed an increase of P contents in seeds under combined use of two rhizobacteria in treatment without chemical fertilization of P. However, the application of biofertilizers in conjunction with P supplementation did not change significantly the P concentration in soybean seeds compared with phosphoric fertilizer alone. Hence, under field environmental conditions a combined application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (B. japonicum and P. putida) has the potential to improve nutrient supply and subsequently yield of soybeans cultivated on carbonated chernoziom with low P availability.

In conclusion, combined inoculation with B. japonicum and P. putida was found to be efficiently for improving the productivity of soybean under low P supply over single inoculation with B. japonicum. Further research is needed to elucidate on the mechanisms behind this synergetic effect of bacterial inoculants in relation to unfavorable environment conditions.

144


INFLUENCE OF HYDRIC DEFICIT ON THE VARIABILITY MASCULIN GAMETOFIT AT CEREAL CROPS

Tatiana SALTANOVICI, Galina LUPAȘCU, Ludmila ANTOCI


It is known that one of the environmental factors for achieving the productive potential of plants is the hydric factor, which produces an enormous impact on agriculture. The creation of resistant genotypes to deficite of this factor at the moment presents an important topic for agriculture.

The purpose of the research was to study the variability of pollen grains to genotypes of cereal crops in conditions of humidity deficiency; highlighting resistant genotypes.

In the investigations, 12 genotypes of cereal crops – common wheat, triticale, rye and 3 reciprocal hybrids F2 of common wheat were involved. As a result of the microscopic study, the reaction of male gametophyte to the moisture insufficiency was determined by the action of polyethylenglycol (PEG). In genotypes under study, the size of pollen grains (GP) showed the high variability in optimal cultivation conditions. Thus, the rye genotypes are characterized by the smallest size of the GP, while the triticale and wheat genotypes have the character values higher. Under the influence of water stress on most samples, the GP perimeter was diminished, which is explained by the decrease of its dimensions due to the loss of water.

Multifactorial variance analysis (ANOVA) demonstrated that the variability is determined by the action of PEG (54.7%), the genotype factor (41.6%) and their interaction (3.7%). The data reveal that in the reaction of cereal crops to moisture insufficiency, the role of genotype is quite significant, which is of the great practical importance by increasing the chances of success in identifying and selecting drought-resistant genotypes. Among the high-grade triticale varieties of GP, Ingen 33 and Ingen 40 can be mentioned, and among wheat hybrids - Apache x Cobra and Selania x Accent. So, the genotypes of cereal crops under study form pollen of different sizes. Among the genotypes analyzed on the basis of the pollen grain size stability were 2 triticale varieties (Ingen 35 and Ingen 40), 3 wheat varieties (Accent, Selania and Alunş) and 2 hybrid combinations with the participation of these varieties.

Based on the obtained data on the stability of pollen grain sizes, the genotypes under study were categorized into resistance groups. Significant positive values of the correlation coefficient between the perimeter size in the control variant and the experimental variant (r = 0.77 **) were recorded.

Thus, the ability of wheat, triticale and rye genotypes to maintain stable pollen grain sizes under hydric stress conditions can be used as a criterion for identifying and selecting resistant forms for their involvement in breeding programs.

145


VARIATION OF MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL INDICES IN SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) UNDER THE ACTION OF ES BIOPREPARATE

Elena SAVCA1, Ana MUTU2

1Moldova State University, Department of Plant Biology, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova; 2"Dimitrie Cantemir" State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

In the Republic of Moldova sunflower crops by the content of oil occupies the first

place. According to some studies in order to obtain a high potential productivity of sunflower plants is used not only adaptive ecological properties varieties they possess but also biologically active substances.

In this perspective the biologically active substances are produced by the algae. Utilization of bioproducts as bio-stimulators are welcome, especially since they are environmentally safe. This study aimed the influence of ES {extract from Spirulina platensis} on metabolic processes occurring during plant growth and development of sunflower.

The experiments were carried out both in laboratory and field conditions. Biopreparate ES was used in the following concentrations: 1%; 0.5%; 0.25%; 0.125%. Sunflower seeds were treated with ES for 6 hours by soaking. As the witness served the distilled water. During the growth and development of sunflower plants were studied: energy and seed germination capacity; plant growth index, enzymatic activity, photosynthetic activity, harvest and productivity indices.

The results obtained showed that the highest degree of stimulatory effect on germination of seeds had concentrations of 0.25-0.5%. These concentrations occur increasing germination capacity, plant growth index, increases activity enzyme in germinated seeds.

Was highlighted the degree of influence of ES biopreparate in photosynthesis: increases the foliar surface (by 7%), the photosynthetic potential (by 37.8%) increases the accumulation dried biomass (by 16.7%) compared to the control. At the same time the influence of the biopreparate ES is it also manifests in the case of the accumulation of assimilating pigments in the sunflower leaves, especially in the phase preceding the fructification - by 37.1- 41.5% more than the control.

Biopreparate ES has a beneficial effect on its crop and its quality. Increases the number of seeds (21.3%), seed mass (by 25.2%), oil content (by 4.5%), compared to the witness. There is an improvement in the quality of the sunflower oil expressed by modifying the sum of the amino acids, on account of the essential ones (valine, lysine, arginine). Key words: biologically active substances, sunflower, photosynthesis, productivity.

146


ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ КЛИМАТА И РЕАКЦИЯ ВОЗБУДИТЕЛЕЙ БОЛЕЗНЕЙ ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА

М.Д. ВРОНСКИХ

НИИПК «Селекция», г.Бельцы, Молдова

Abstract. Based on long-term data, was analyzed the evolution of the structure of medium species in agrocenoses for sunflower culture under the influence of changing in meteorological factors (temperature, sediment volumes, hydrothermal coefficient, etc.). Also has been done forecast of dominance indices of four species of agrocenosis for two scenarios:

a) сontinuation of the global warming process; b) global cooling

Key words: sunflower, weather indicators, climate change, sunflower diseases. Анализы и расчеты, представленные в данном докладе, основаны на базе опубликованных в

разные годы данных в среднем по 8 метеостанциям Молдовы (1945-2007 гг.), а также многолетних экспериментальных данных НИИПК «Селекция» (1945-2007 гг.) и данных службы мониторинга республиканской станции защиты растений МСХ Молдовы (1966-2001 гг.). Для культуры подсолнечника из всего комплекса возбудителей болезней были использованы данные лишь по 4 наиболее распространенным видам, по которым имеется непрерывный ряд наблюдений за период 38-40 лет: ложная мучнистая роса (Plasmopara helianthi), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), фомоз (Phoma oleracea var.helianthi) и фомопсис (Duaporthe (Phomopsis) helianthis Munt.-cvet.).

При анализе ситуаций основной упор был сделан на определении реакции возбудителей заболеваний на изменения параметров климата в 3х-звеной системе: «параметры климата – растение-хозяин – возбудитель болезни».

Реакция на динамику температур воздуха: повышение среднегодовых индексов сопровождалось: а) по критерию «уровень распространения болезни»: снижением на -2,27% за каждый +1,0%

повышения температур для ложной мучнистой росы и на -1,24% - для белой гнили, но, наоборот – повышением значений этого индикатора на +3,39% и на +3,20% - для фомоза и фомопсиса. При этом, у белой гнили отмечена положительная (и акцентрированная) реакция при повышении температур наиболее холодных (+8,43оС) до т.н. «прохладных» лет (+8,67оС): +9,3% за каждый +1,0% увеличения температур. Аналогичное явление для возбудителя фомопсиса описывалось: +4,7% за +1,0% температур в интервале от +8,43 до +9,9оС.

б) по критерию «процент пораженных растений» была зарегистрирована положительная реакция, составляющая: в +0,66% за +1,0% повышения температур (в интервале от (+8,67оС до +10,9оС) – для ложной мучнистой росы, а также +5,65% - для фомоза (в интервале с +8,43 до +9,9оС). Для белой гнили реакция оказалась отрицательной: -1,58%, а для фомопсиса, наоборот – положительной: +0,7% за каждый +1,0% повышения температур. Кроме того, у ложной мучнистой росы было зарегистрировано увеличение процента пораженных растений: +6,34% в интервале: от +8,43 до +8,67оС, а у фомоза, наоборот – снижение: -0,4% за каждый +1,0% повышения температур воздуха в интервале: от +9,9 до +10,9оС. Аналогичным образом было определено и разнонаправленное влияние и сезонных и среднемесячных температур.

Увеличение среднегодовых объемов осадков также сопровождалось разнонаправленной реакцией возбудителей заболеваний, в т.ч.:

у ложной мучнистой росы: увеличение на +1,37% уровня распространения и на +1,62% - уровня поражения растений за +1,0% прироста объемов осадков. Кроме того, было отмечено некоторое снижение уровня поражения растений при постоптимальных объемах осадков (≥650 мм) (-0,39% за +1,0% осадков);

у белой гнили и фомопсиса: +0,35% и +1,33% - соответственно, за каждый +1,0% объемов осадков по критерию уровень распространенности заболеваний, а также: +0,78% и +2,25; за каждый +1,0% осадков – по критерию уровень поражения растений;

у фомоза: наоборот – снижение на -0,94% по уровню распространения болезни и на -1,88% (за +1,0% осадков) – по уровню поражения растений (исключение: было зарегистрировано увеличение значений последнего индикатора в узком интервале: с 405 до 435 мм осадков). Реакция возбудителей всех 4 видов заболеваний оказалась четко выраженной на колебания

объемов осадков весеннего и, несколько менее, летнего сезонов, причем наиболее выраженной – у белой гнили и фомопсиса. Различной она оказалась и на динамику колебаний среднемесячных объемов осадков, особенно весенне-летнего периода, а также на колебания значений ГТК и других коэффициентов, отражающих специфику увлажнения зоны.

В итоге прогнозируется, что дальнейшее потепление климата в Молдове, будет сопровождаться усилением развития фомоза и фомопсиса, а похолодание: доминированием ложной мучнистой росы и белой гнили.

147


ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИК. РЕАКЦИЯ КУЛЬТУРЫ НА ФАКТОРЫ ВНЕШНЕЙ СРЕДЫ

М.Д. ВРОНСКИХ

НИИПК «Селекция», г.Бельцы, Молдова

Abstract. On the basic of long-term experiment made by the Institute of Filed Crops „Selectia” (1971-2011), published statistical data and meteorological reports (1945-2012) was calculated the level of the influence of environmental factors on the growth of sunflower.

The most detailed calculations are given in regard to the effect of air temperature, precipitation and some of the coefficients (HTC), that integrate the effect of these factors, and the level of their correlation with the level of productivity of sunflower.

Indentified: the level of infuence of these indicators, their optimal and extreme values of average annual, seasonal and average monthly data and the degree of modification of their impact in combination with other environmental factors. Key words: sunflower, temperature, precipitation, factors of the environment, meteorological conditions.

На основании многолетних экспериментальных данных НИИПК «Селекция» и статистических

данных по уровню урожайности подсолнечника, а также по метеоданным Молдгидромета (за 1945-2012 гг.) проведены анализы (кластерные, корреляционные, системные и др.), позволяющие определять уровень и характер связей между различными факторами внешней среды (натуральными и антропогенными) с уровнем продуктивности подсолнечника.

В частности, определена реакция культуры на уровень плодородия почвы (-3,1 ц/га, или -18,6% за каждый -1,0% снижения содержания гумуса в почве), что оказалось в 1,5 и 2,0 раза ниже, чем для озимой пшеницы и кукурузы, соответственно. Определены требования, характеризующие оптимальное размещение подсолнечника в севооборотах, величину «фитосанитарного интервала», а также реакция на особенности систем обработки почвы, использования удобрений и конкурентноспособность культуры в отношении сорных растений.

Реакция растений подсолнечника на динамику изменений температуры воздуха характеризовалась снижением уровня урожайности на -15,0% (за каждый -1,0оС снижения среднегодовых индексов), так и на -9,9% за каждый +1,0оС при его превышении (до +10,87оС) по сравнению с оптимальным уровнем (+8,69оС). Аналогичные закономерности были отмечены и для динамики сезонных температур, в т.ч.: для осени (оптимум: +8,85оС): -11,1% и -4,1%, соответственно, для зимы (оптимум: +0,71оС): -2,8% и -5,0%; для весны: -7,47% и -3,7%, соответственно и для лета: -12,9% за каждый +1,0оС повышения температур воздуха (в интервале от +18,7 до +21,5оС). Необходимо отметить и положительную (но слабую) корреляцию между уровнем урожайности и среднемесячными температурами осеннего и зимнего сезонов (от r=+0,237 до r=+0,203), но четко выраженную – отрицательную (от r=-0,257 до r=-0,427 ед.) – для месяцев весеннего и летнего сезонов.

Реакция подсолнечника на колебания объемов атмосферных осадков оказалась более консервативной: для среднегодовых индексов (при оптимуме 631,6 мм): -0,82% за каждые -10 мм снижения, но и -1,37% за каждые +10 мм превышения оптимума. Аналогичные данные по влиянию осадков осени оценивалась в +0,91% урожая за каждые дополнительные +10 мм повышения объемов; зимы (оптимум: 138,8 мм): -1,81% за каждые -10 мм снижения, но и -0,52% за каждые +10 мм превышения оптимальных объемов; для весны: +0,65% за каждые +10 мм дополнительных осадков; для лета: -0,93% за каждые -10 мм снижения объемов (оптимум: 248,8 мм, но и -2,3% за каждые +10 мм превышения оптимальных объемов (248,1 мм). Коэффициенты корреляции оказались положительными для всех месяцев с/х года (кроме октября), но наиболее выраженными: в апреле (+0,345), в мае (+0,247) и в июне (+0,335), а для сезонов с/х года: с осадками осени: r=+0,384, зимы: r=+0,459, весны: r=+0,688 и лета: r=+0,946.

Влияние ГТК сезонов оказалось положительным в интервале от 0,9 до 1,6 ед., а при дальнейшем увеличении (от 1,7 до 2,1 ед.) было отмечено снижение уровня продуктивности подсолнечника (-14,4%), темпы которого оказались практически в 2 раза ниже, чем на тренде увеличения значений этого индикатора.

148

FOOD SAFETY AND QUALITY

149

Food Safety and Quality

LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF SEED STORAGE GLOBULINS IN RELATION TO THEIR ALLERGENICITY

Alla CHERDIVARĂ, Angela RUDAKOVA, Sergei RUDAKOV,

Irina KAKHOVSKAYA, Andrei SHUTOV State University of Moldova, R. Moldova

7S and 11S globulins are the most characteristic two-domain storage proteins of seed

plants. The domains both of the globulins derived from a common evolutionary ancestor comprise a -barrel of antiparallel -strands conjoined with a group of -helices. Several disordered sequence regions have been specifically inserted into the domain structures during evolution of storage globulins. These inserts that are susceptible to limited proteolysis determine general regularities of storage globulin limited proteolysis, which occurs in vitro and during seed germination. The allergenicity both of 7S and 11S globulins, especially those from pumpkin and soybean seeds extensively used in many food products is well known. Antigen determinants (IgE epitopes) were identified in amino acid sequences of pumpkin and soybean globulins. Remarkably, at least a part of these IgE epitopes are located inside the globulin sequence regions potentially susceptible to limited proteolysis. Thus, it seems likely that limited proteolysis might be used to reduce allergenicity of storage globulins. In correspondence to this suggestion, papain limited proteolysis of pumpkin seed globulins was studied in this investigation. It was shown that limited proteolysis of pumpkin 11S globulin that starts from removal of extended disordered region from the N-terminal domain is further completed with the detachment of the group of three -helices. Three of the four IgE epitopes identified in amino acid sequence of pumpkin 11S globulin belong to the detached region. Hence, limited proteolysis leads to an essential lowering of the allergenicity of pumpkin 11S globulin. As shown previously, limited proteolysis of soybean 11S globulin occurs in a similar way that should remove sequences of both IgE epitopes identified in the subunit G1 of this protein. The results of studying of limited proteolysis of pumpkin 7S globulin are encouraging as well. Thus, papain limited proteolysis of this protein starts from complete destruction of the disordered N-terminal extension of the N-terminal domain containing six IgE epitopes identified. Further limited proteolysis of the globulin consists of several additional cleavages, including complete destruction of an additional disordered region of the N-terminal domain specifically susceptible for limited proteolysis, which contains an additional IgE epitope. A high degree of conservation of amino acid sequences of 11S and also 7S globulins allow suggesting an essential level of their immuno-cross reactivity as well as similar regularities of their limited proteolysis. Therefore, limited proteolysis of 11S and 7S storage globulins can be regarded as a promising tool for reducing of their known or predicted allergenicity.

150


THE EVOLUTION OF AREAS OF PULSE CROPS IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Valentin CRISMARU

Institute Ecology and Geography of Republic of Moldova

Leguminous crops are an important sourse of vegetal protein both for human and animal nutrition. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, pulses which include all types of dried beans and seeds are not only cheap and delicious, but also are a nutritious source of proteins and vital micronutrients extremely beneficent for health, especially in developing countries.

The importance of leguminous crops consist in the high content of protein in grains, exceeding two - three times the protein content in cereals. In the grains of pulses is very successful balanced such components as are: protein, starch, sugar, vitamins and chemical elements strictly necessary for the vital activity of the human body. Pulses protein has a high digestibility (about 90%) and does not create uric acids, the retention of which is harmful for the body. Presently, when farmers have a low economic and financial potential, the role of these crops a significantly increasing regarding the crop rotation and solution of economic, agricultural, technical, food and fodder issues. Due to the fact that these crops are more and more demanded both on the local and foreign market over the past years, they became more attractive for farmers as firstly they serve as significant sources of protein in human diet and as animal feed.

This study was developed in order to learn the current status of pulses cultivation and production in Moldova. The overall assessment of this sector is crucial important for elaboration of the appropriate strategies for development pulses crops. This study demonstrated the evolution of pulse crops in Republic of Moldova. The methodology used was desk research using data and information from legal sources with public access. During of the studies were analyzed various sources of information, statistics, agriculture research studies.

In the Republic of Moldova the areas under leguminous crops ( pea and beans) have decreased in 2016 relatively to 1997 from 51 thousand ha up to 24 thousand ha. The soybean areas had of different fluctuations. In period of 1997-2006 the soybean surfaces were in average consisting 19,5 thousand ha. In the 2007-2016 the soybeans areas were increased and consisting in average 51,4 thousand ha. In the last 8-10 years evolution of the soybean area in the Republic of Moldova marked an obvious increase. For example, in 2006 the area of soybean cultivated was amounted about 56 thousand hectares but in the 2010-2012 the soybean area reached by 59-60 thousand hectares. If the period of 80s-90s of the last century, the share of leguminous crops and perennial grasses in structure of field crops were 8-12%, including 180-220 thousand ha of alfalfa and 80-100 thousand ha of peas. In the last 15-20 years in structure of field crops were a significant changes. The surface of perennial grasses has decreased from 180-200 to 30-35 thousand ha. The surface of peas crop in field crops decreased by 4,3 times. Currently the share of legumionous crops of beans and perennial herbs (alfalfa, and other perennial crops) is 7.7 percent, including bean crop - only 5 percent. The main causes of stagnating development of this agricultural sector are the lack of strategy for growing and processing leguminous crops, underdeveloped state of the livestock sector, lack of fodder enterprises, unstructured financing etc

151


THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH REGULATORS AND TYPE OF PREDECESSOR ON THE PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF WINTER

BARLEY

A. DERENDOVSKAIA1, S. SECRIERU1, A. ROTARI2 1State Agrarian University of Moldova;

2Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

The investigations were carried out on the varieties of winter barley Buran (intensive type) and the Osnova (plastic type), growing in pea and soybean, under conditions of field small-scale experiment. In the phase of mowing - the beginning of the exit into the tube, the plants were sprayed once with solutions of steroid glycoside preparations Moldstim (MS) and Ekostim (ES) at a dose of 25 mg/l, in control variants - with water. During the vegetative period, the parameters of growth and photosynthetic activity of plants were determined, at the end of vegetation - indicators of productivity elements, potential yield and chemical composition of the grain.

It has been established that the treatment of vegetative plants with MS and ES preparations leads to an increase in the parameters of stalk growth, the leaf surface and the time of its functioning during ontogenesis; the accumulation of raw and absolutely dry biomass by plants irrespective of the varietal characteristics and the type of the precursor.

It is shown that at the end of vegetation, under the influence of growth regulators, the parameters of the elements of productivity increase-the mass of the ear, the mass of grain in the ear and the number of grains in them, especially when growing in peas, in comparison with soybean. Increase in productivity elements leads to an increase in the yield of varieties. Thus, in the Buran variety for peas in MC and ES variants, the cereal productivity, in comparison with the control, is increased by 10.1-17.5 centners per hectare, while growing in soybeans by 1.5 times. In the Osnova, regardless of the type of precursor, under the action of preparations of steroid glycosides, the yield increases 1.3 times.

Analysis of the qualitative composition of grain, carried out by infrared spectroscopy on the Scanner model 4250 (Porumbeni), showed that under the influence of preparations of MS and ES a change in the chemical composition of the grain is observed. In the Buran variety, the pea in grain increases the protein content by 1.34-1.74%, fat by 0.24-0.59%, and starch by 1.35-1.93%; on soybeans - on 0,47-1,58; 0.77-1.00; 0.27-0.40%, respectively. The content of fiber and ash in the grain, regardless of the preceding culture, is reduced. In the variety of the Osnova for peas under the influence of growth regulators, in the grain the protein content increases by 0.45-1.06%, but at the same time, the amount of starch decreases. When grown on soybeans in this grade, the chemical composition of the grain is reduced. Consequently, under the influence of preparations of steroid glycosides, an increase in the productivity of plants is observed and the qualitative composition of the grain changes. It increases the content of the main groups of nutrients (protein, starch, fat) and reduces the amount of fiber and ash. The nature of the effect of growth regulators depends on the varietal characteristics and the conditions for their growth.

152


PRODUCTION OF FORTIFIED OYSTER MUSHROOM (Pleurotus ostreatus) AS A PART OF INNOVATIVE FUNCTIONAL FOOD

PRODUCTS

Marcel GOLIAN1, Alžbeta HEGEDŰSOVÁ1, Eva SZABOVÁ1, Lucia HLAVAČKOVÁ2

1Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Horticulture and Landscape Engineering Faculty, Department of Vegetables Production, Slovak Republic;

2NOVOFRUCT SK, s. r. o., Research and Development Department, Slovak Republic

Saprophytic mushrooms as a part of nutrition play an important role in agriculture and food industry as a source of biologically active substances. Oyster mushrooms are a superfood that can be found almost everywhere in the world.The aim of the study was to verify the potential of fortification of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotusostreatus), production strain KRYOS B, by selected trace element- selenium (Se). Selenium is an essential mineral that works as a significant antioxidant in the body, plays a role in reducing free radicals and oxidation in the body and it is an important part of several major metabolic reactions including thyroid hormone synthesis, antioxidant defense systems and immune functions.

The World Health Organization recommends taking 55-65 μg selenium per day. This dose is necessary to ensure the optimal functioning of the adult human organism. The fortification of Pleurotusostreatus was carried out by application of fortification solutions (aqueous sodium selenate solution) of different content of inorganic selenium. The homogenate of lyophilized samples of fruitbodies was mineralized in a CEM Mars X" microwave mineralizer. The total selenium content was determined by electrothermal atomisation (ET-AAS) with Zeeman correction on SpectrAA240FS. It has been shown, that oyster mushroom has a very significant ability to cumulate various additives, according which it is possible to produce a biologically active food applicable to wide population nutrition.

Other important benefits of fortification were: increasing of biologically active substances in fruitbodies (specifically: antioxidants, polyphenols), an antagonistic relation of selenium to the cumulation of certain risk elements transported during cultivation from substrate to fruitbodies. Nowadays, with increasing lifestyle diseases, itis necessary to maintain good physical as well as psychical condition of population by using fortified foods. Selenium as a powerful antioxidant has found an important application in theproduction of functional foods. Acknowledgement: This work has been supported by VEGA project No. 1/0087/17.

153


IMPROVING FOOD CORN IN TERMS OF INTEGRATED CROP PROTECTION

Vasile MATICIUC, Anatolie MELECA

Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova

In the Republic of Moldova maize with specific grains for human nutrition (increased content of oil, vitamins, minerals, soluble polysaccharides) is frequently attacked by diseases caused by fungal pathogens (Penicillium, Aspergillus, Alternaria, Fuzarium, Sorosporium, Ustilago, Helmintosporium), such as the corn rootworm (Tanimecus dilaticolis), the corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), the cotton butterfly (Heliotis armighera), etc.

At the beginning of the activity of the Institute, corn hybrid Moldavskii 385 MRf, Moldavscii 420 MRf, Moldavschii 349 CRf were attacked by the aforementioned diseases at a level of 15-25%, including 10-15% of the attacked ear.

As a result of the attack of diseases and pests, up to 30% of the plants were subject to braking and falling, especially on surfaces cultivated in permanent crop (monoculture).

Over the years, in the laboratories of the Institute has been carried out researches on the possibility of preventing and combating diseases and pests through methods of optimization of cultivation technology, treatment of seeds and plants with chemicals, such as Actara, Sarpei, Borei, Proteus, Signal, Maxim, TMTD.

It has been found that monoculture, the non-incorporation of organic residues, the cultivation of productive and pathogen-sensitive hybrids, bring multiplication of pests and the occurrence of outbreaks, especially in the dry years.

The study of the ecological factors influencing the contamination of plants with pathogens, the degree of insect pest attack and the genetic determinism of maize resistance to diseases and pests have concluded that the most effective and stable method of protection of maize is the development, evaluation and implementation of the production of hybrids resistant to diseases and pests.

Improvement of corn resistance during the years 1986-2017 was evidenced by the identification of sources of germplasm with increased resistance to pathogens and pests.

A system for the evaluation and identification of hybrids resistant to the main diseases and pests of maize has been created, which consists in eliminated the genetic sources sensitive to natural conditions of monoculture and artificial infections (controlled conditions), the assessment of tolerant and resistant hybrids and testing of new hybrids in preliminary and competitive experiments with highlighting the best.

At present time, hybrids Porumbeni 458 MRf, Porumbeni 459 MRf, Porumbeni 461 MRf (and others) are resistant to Ustilago, Sorosporium and stalk lodging, and in the favorable years Fuzarium on the stalks and ears does not exceed 5%.

The implementation of "Porumbeni" pathogen-resistant hybrids in combination with agro-technical and biological methods allows the production of higher quantities of oil, proteins, polysaccharides, etc., which contributes significantly to ensuring food safety and security.

154


GM-CANOLA IDENTIFICATION BY USING PCR TECHNIQUES

G. MOZGOVA, L. USHKOVA, E. ZHELEZNYAKOVA, N. DROBOT, A. KRIVELEVA, V. LEMESH

Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus

Detection and identification of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and products

obtained using GMOs should facilitate the development of a tracking strategy for handling, transporting, using, transferring, releasing GMOs and ensuring compliance with the obligations under the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety that 171 countries including the Republic Belarus have acceded. In the Republic of Belarus the requirements for the GMO traceability and products obtained using GMOs are reflected in the Law of the Republic of Belarus on Safety in Genetic Engineering Activityof January 9, 2006, a number of by-laws to it, sanitary norms and regulations.

In order to ensure the traceability of GMOs and food raw materials containing GMOs, a method allows reliable GMO identification must be developed before the State Registration Procedure. Since 2012 in accordance with the establishment of a 0.9% threshold for labeling in the Republic of Belarus the quantitative PCR method is applied for total screening of GMOs containing soybeans and maize.

In 2014 a State Procedure for risk assessment of GMOs developed in various scientific institutions of the country was started according to the standards established in the Republic.

During this time, the risk assessment of 7 lines and forms of GMOs releasing into environment for field trials was carried out (http://bch.cbd.int/database/results?searchid=692947). Two of them were created on the basis of a strategically important for the country agricultural crop - rape (a transgenic form of rape with the sequence of aroA gene determines tolerance to herbicide glyphosate and transgenic form of rape with a built-in gene sequence encoding chicken alpha-interferon).

The National Coordination Biosafety Center carried out the development of methods for detection and identification these forms during the State biosafety expertise and for monitoring of rapeseed transgenic form with the sequence of aroA gene that passed the

State biosafety expertise and was released on the experimental field meeting biosafety requirements. The screening methods based on 35S promoter and NOS-terminator were used for qualitative and quantitative identification of target genes. Identification was carried out using DNA markers to the DNA sequences provided by the developers (Belarusian State University and Republican and Practical Center for Arable Farming), as well as commercial test systems. It was found that the qualitative PCR method with electrophoretic separation of fragments in an agarose gel is not effective for detection and identification of complex rape genome sequences, since it reveals non-specific fragments.

Quantitative screening and identification allowed the selection of forms containing 35S, NOS sequences and target genes for environmental testing. Screening and identification of the form propagated on the experimental field that meets safety requirements allowed to authenticate target aroA gene and NOS sequence (Rape / PAT / EPSS / NOS screening kit, Synthol, Russian Federation) and the target aroA gene (ArtTest Rape GMO kit, Artbiotech LTD, Belarus). 35S and NOS sequences were not detected in all plants, which may make preliminary screening difficult and determines whether EPSPS sequence identification should be included in the analysis of rapeseed and products containing GM rape ingredients.

155


EFFECT OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE PRODUCTS TO SOYBEAN SEED YIELD AND QUALITY

Lea NARITS

Estonian Crop Research Institute, Estonia

Soybean is globally important crop providing protein for feed and food. The quality of protein – its fatty acid composition – is as important as high yield of soybean. To find out the effect of different biologically active products to the yield and seed quality of soybean a field trial was carried out at the Estonian Crop Research Institute in 2016.

Nine products were used: 1. AlgeaFert Meal - seaweed meal obtained from pure Ascophyllum nodosum, a brown alga that grows in the pure habitat of the Arctic regions; 2. SEA-90 - natural mineral crystals produced by solar dehydration of sea water; 3. Albit - natural biopolymer poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesized by soil beneficial bacteria Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aureofaciens; 4. RuterAA - free amino acids 8.4%, organic matter 18%, N 5.5 – P2O5 5 – K2O 3.5, micronutrients; 5. Terra-Sorb® complex - free amino acids – 20%, total of organic matter – 25%, organic N – 5%, micronutrients: Mg, B, Fe, Mn, Zn, Mo; 6. MAX BlackPearl - humic acids: 25%, amino acids: 8%, NPK: 17%, organic matter: 25%; 7. “Baikal EM-1-U” - a large number of effective microorganisms (EM): lactic acid bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, yeast fungi, enzymes, amino acids, etc; 8. “Raskila‘‘ - dry matter 81.33%, NPK: not less than 6–1–14 g l-1, humus: not less than 3 g l-1, microelements: Fe, Zn, Mg, Mn, Mo, B, Cu; 9. Delfan plus - total of organic matter 444 g l-1, organic N 108 g l-1, organic C 276 g l-1, amino acids 288 g l-1 from the acid hydrolysis of animal protein.

The first soybean variety of Estonian origin 'Laulema' was tested. Before sowing the seeds were hold four hours in products dilutions or in water (if the product was used during growing period or product was granulated fertilizer). The largest effect on yield was obtained by using Terra-Sorb® complex - extra yield of 70 kg ha-1 compared with untreated control.

The raw protein content was higher in three testing variants, better was in using Terra-Sorb® complex - 34.09% (extra 0,48%). Essential amino acids content increased in all tested variants: alpha-linolenic acid content was largest than control with Delfan plus - 13.05% (extra 0,25%), linolenic acid content was largest on with Albit - 55.78% (extra 0,62%).

156


EFFECT OF THE "PHYTOMAG" ETHYLENE SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MATURATION-AGING PROCESSES IN

APPLE FRUITS DURING LONG-TERM STORAG

Alexandru NICUŢĂ Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

One of the most important tasks after harvesting fruits is to inhibit their maturation to

increase shelf life and maintain their quality. Lately, a wide use has the "Phytomag" ethylene synthesis inhibitor [1methylcyclopropene (1-MPC)], which even at low doses (at a level of 0.5-1.0 ppm) has a very high inhibitory property strong. The preparation was synthesized in the Russian Federation.

The fruits of the late varieties of apples were the object of research: Golden Delicious, Florina, Idared and Renet Simirenko. The experiments were carried out under the conditions of the experimental base "Carpotron" of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Moldova. Fruits were treated with the preparation "Phytomag" and then stored for 150 days at a temperature of 1 ° C and a relative humidity of 85-90%. Untreated fruit was maintained under the same conditions. During the storage period, several biochemical and physiological indices were examined, including: emission of endogenous ethylene, organic acids, weight loss, hardness, fungal diseases, physiological disorders.

The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the preparation “Phytomag” after processing of apple fruits. The fruits researched during storage recorded weight loss, the most insignificant being recorded on the fruits treated with the preparation "Phytomag". Thus, the lowest weight loss was recorded by the fruits of the Idared variety (2.47%). In the case of untreated fruit, less losses were also recorded for the fruits of Idared (3.13%). In addition to the above indicators, firmness was also determined, the value of which was higher for Fytomag treated fruit. The best results were observed in fruits of the Florina variety - 6.93 kg / cm2. The efficacy of the preparation was determined and in the case of standard fruit. It was found that the least affected by fungal diseases and physiological disorders were fruits treated with "Phytomag", especially Idared fruit - 99.96% unaffected fruit. In the control variant, the quantity of unaffected fruits was much lower, constituting 0.58-12.83% less than in the variant of applying the "Phytomag" preparation. Among the fungal diseases that affected apple fruit were more Penicillium expansum Link and Botrytis cinerea Pers, and more common physiological disturbances were Bitter pit and Internal breakdown.

The storage method by applying Fitomag will help slow down maturing, maintain taste, reduce losses due to functional disorders and fungal diseases, and increase competition in the food market.

157


TESTING FOR THE PRESENCE OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISMS (GMOs) ON THE MOLDAVIAN FOOD MARKET

Angela PORT, Maria DUCA, Olesea TABARA, Steliana CLAPCO


Benefits of the application of genetic engineering in agriculture (such as increased crop yields and quality, resistance to pests, disease and abiotic factors, reduced quantities of pesticides etc.) have led to an increased number of food products containing genetically engineered crops. Presence of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on the market is a very controversial issue due to debates related their impact on the human health and environmental safety. In order to ensure the consumers right to make an informed choice and to provide accurate labelling on products GMO testing has become an important process.

Due to lack of scientific studies, the presence of genetically modified organisms in the Moldavian food market is currently ambiguous. In this context samples collected from various markets in Moldova have been tested for the presence of specific gene sequences CaMV 35S promoter commonly incorporated into GM plants by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As biological material were used 31 samples of fresh and frozen vegetables produced in Moldova, Poland, Turkey, Ecuador, Syria: potato (6 samples), cucumber (3), sweet piper (3), tomato (2), carrots (3) and one sample of each of following vegetables banana, broccoli, cabbage, bean, green peas, pumpkin, lettuce salad, green onion, as well as samples of crops – maize (2), soya (2) and rape (2).

The genomic DNA was isolated using Thermo Scientific GeneJET Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit. PCR amplifications and analyses were performed using a GeneAmp® PCR System 9700 thermocycler (Applied Biosystems). As positive control was used transgenic tobacco which contain the P35S sequence.

Results indicated the absence of P35S sequence in the majority of analyzed samples. CaMV 35S promoter was only detected in 2 samples of soya and the positive results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Considering the presences of more gene-specific regulatory elements in GMOs it is clear that the exclusive use of the 35S CaMV promoter in screening could lead to false negative results. Thus, even if the allogenic sequence wasn’t identified in the most of samples from Moldavian market, more detailed investigations, for more than one transgenic event, have to be made. Key words: genetically modified organisms (GMOs), CaMV 35S promoter, Moldavian food market.

158


INCIDENCE OF INSECT PESTS AND DISEASES OF GUAR IN KRASNODAR AREA OF RUSSIA

Evgeny RADCHENKO

Federal Research Center the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Federal Agency of Scientific Organizations, Russia

Guar or clusterbean, Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. is an arid and semi-arid

legume crop grown in India and some other countries. Recently, the cultivation of this tropical crop was actualized in the South Russia.

The phytosanitary observations of the clusterbean experimental fields at the Kuban Experiment Station of VIR (Krasnodar Region) were carried out in 2017. At the beginning of July the representatives of the family Aphididae (order: Homoptera) dominated on clusterbean plants. In all nurseries an outbreak of the black bean aphid Aphis fabae Scopoli was observed so the number of insects on individual plants exceeded 2 thousand per shoot. The colonies of green peach aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris were revealed.

The Alternaria leaf blight and the occurrence of bacterial blight were documented. At the end of August (flowering – fruiting) only single aphid colonies were revealed after insecticide treatments. After outbreak of the aphid a very heavy focused damage of plants by virus infection was observed. Analysis of rizosphere pathogenic microflora has shown the dominance of fungi from the genera Verticillium Nees and Fusarium Link (predominantly F. solani (Mart.) Sacc.). As well as in the first observation the two common diseases, Alternaria leaf blight and bacterial blight were revealed, however, epiphytotic development was characteristic for bacteriosis only. Mass dieback and even death of plant were mentioned for some accessions. With the use of score scale the resistance to bacterial blight was estimated in three independent experiments. The accessions VIR-52569 (Pakistan), VIR-52575 (USA) and VIR-52580 (India) possess the highest resistance to the disease.

A number of accessions were selected only in one experiment that was conditioned by the heterogeneity of the studied forms. It is apparent that the lines resistant to disease can be selected from the most part of the collection accessions. The intensity of Alternaria leaf blight infection background was low. The plant damage varied in the range of 1-2 scores in most cases, hence the results of dispersion analysis showed insignificance of differences between the experimental trials.

Acknowledgements: Supported financially by the Ministry of Equation and Science

of the Russian Federation, project RFMEFI60417X0168, agreement № 14.604.21.0168.

159


Robbsia andropogonis MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS MARKERS DESIGN USING BIOINFORMATICAL APPROACHES

Heorhii SLISCHUK, Nataliia VOLKOVA, Olga ZAKHAROVA, Elena PIKASH,

Arina KORCHMARYOV LLC Cotecna Ukraine Limited, Ukraine

Robbsia andropogonis (syn. Burkholderia andropogonis, Pseudomonas

andropogonis) is a phytopathogenic bacterium, that causes leaf spots and leaf stripe diseases in numerous plants, some of them are important agricultural crops (maize, chickpea and sorghum). It present in 70 countries of the world, but despite its wide prevalence, this bacterium is absent in a number of countries and is a quarantine object. There is demand for Robbsia andropogonis molecular markers, which could be used for rapid detection and identification in phytosanitary control, which is important in some countries such as Egypt and Indonesia.

Isolation and identification of R. andropogonis can be performed on the basis of the classical microbiology methods, which in the conditions of modern technological progress are labor-intensive and has a high level of probability of a diagnostic error.

The aim of this work was devoted to molecular R. andropogonis phylogeny investigation for real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) TaqMan marker system development, using bioinformatical analysis.

MEGA 7.0.26 software was used for phylogenetic investigation, FastPCR software was used for primers and probe design, as well as for in silico PCR.

Considering high specificity, 16S rRNA sequences were chosen for targeted primers and probe design. 100 16S rRNA sequences of R. andropogonis and related species (such as Burkholderia glebae, Paraburkholderia bryophila and unidentified Burkholderia, which showed more than 97 % identity with R. andropogonis 16S rRNA via BLAST analysis) from NCBI database were analyzed. For variable sites, specific for R. andropogonis PCR primers pair and TaqMan probe were designed.

In silico PCR and further analysis showed that designed were specific for R. andropogonis exclusively and showed no reaction with other closely relate Burkholderia species and other microorganisms.

Designed primer pair and TaqMan probe is perspective for further in vitro investigation and conversion into molecular markers system for R. andropogonis detection and identification.

160


ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS (Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb AND Hg) CONTENT IN FRUITS AND VEGETABLES IN REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Tatiana STRATULAT1, Oana CADAR2, Alexei POPA2, Ana GUSAN2 1Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova; 2Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary ICIA, Romania

Introduction. Heavy metals are one of the environmental pollutants of major concern.

Monitoring the concentrations of heavy metals in food is critical because these contaminants have deleterious effects on human health. Many diseases such as hypertension, cancer,depression and mental disorders have been associated with increased concentrations of heavymetals such as cadmium, lead, mercury and nickel in human organs. Purpose of the study - to assess the contamination of the local most commonly consumed foods of plant origin to the residues of heavy metals.

Materials and methods.Thelocal food of plant origin (fresh and dried fruits and vegetables) was collected in small villages, market and super-market for the study. Thesamples were dried in an oven at 105oC to a constant weight. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr and Co were determined by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Hg – by Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy techniques.

Results and conclusions. Theanalytical results showed that all studied elementsexcept for Hg weredetected.The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Hgin food of plan origin are given in the Table.

Metal content, min-max (mg/kg w/w) MRL (mg/kg)

Ni Cr Co Cd Pb Hg 0,5 0,2 (fr)/0,1(veg) n/a 0,05 0,30 0,1

Fresh fruits and vegetables Apples 0,46-0,91 < - 0,05 < 0,01 0,09-0,12 < Grapes 0,06-0,34 < < 0-0,01 0,08-0,17 < Potato 0,66-1,19 0,14-0,17 0,04-0,14 0,06-0,13 0,06-0,19 < Carrot 0,35 -1,07 0,23-0,39 < - 0,23 0,05-0,07 0,12-0,23 < Tomato 0,23-0,97 < -0,09 < - 0,04 0,02-0,11 0,08-0,44 < Lettice 1,42 0,08 0,07 0,01 0,20

Dried fruits and vegetables Apples 0,32 < < < 0,42 < Plum 1,55 < < < < < Pulse 0,27-2,61 < < < 1,07-1,11 <

The result of this study indicated that the higher concentration of Pb and Cd (the

most toxic metals) were detected in the pulse’s samples and fresh vegetables andthat has been appreciable when compared to permissible limits stipulated by national regulation. This could be as a result of theexcessive use of phosphorus fertilizers. Acknowledgement.This work was funded by National Authority for Scientific Research under Grant PN 16.40.02.01 and Academy of Science of Moldova under Grant 19/Ro 2016.

161


SOYBEAN BREEDING FOR IMPROVED FOOD SAFETY AND HEALTH VALUE

Johann VOLLMANN1, Daisuke WATANABE1, Tatsuya SAGARA1,

Martin PACHNER1, Tomáš LOŠÁK2 1University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Austria;

2Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic

Soybean is a major source of ingredients both in human food and livestock feed production. Due to their superior composition and high nutritional value, whole soybeans, soybean oil, protein or lecithin are increasingly utilized in various products. Consequently, food safety and health issues are becoming more important, and novel plant breeding approaches would be desirable to improve soybean value.

Soybean contains a number of proteins causing allergenic reactions in sensitive individuals. After an extensive screening of germplasm collections, a soybean accession was identified containing a null allele in the P34 (Gly m Bd 30 K) protein, which is the immunodominant soybean allergen.

Proteomics and molecular markers were applied to introgress the null allele into an early maturity background for further development of low-allergenic soybeans. Another threat to food safety is the accumulation of highly toxic heavy metals such as cadmium in the soybean seed. A single molecular marker associated with a major QTL controlling cadmium uptake can be applied to select genotypes low in seed cadmium concentration.

The positive health value of soybean is due to various different ingredients. Polyamines such as spermidine are newly described substances with health promoting properties. Chemical analysis, NIRS screenings and chemical imaging were used to select soybean genotypes or seed components with increased spermidine content for the development of new health food products.

The examples presented are illustrating that modern plant breeding approaches can significantly contribute to both food safety and health value of soybean products. Further Reading SAGARA, T., G. FIECHTER, M. PACHNER, H.K. MAYER & J. VOLLMANN, 2017,

Soybean spermidine concentration: Genetic and environmental variation of a potential ‘anti-aging’ constituent, J. Food Comp. Anal. 56:11-17.

VOLLMANN, J., 2016, Soybean versus other food grain legumes: A critical appraisal of the United Nations International Year of Pulses 2016, Die Bodenkultur: J. Land Manag. Food Env. 67:17-24.

VOLLMANN, J., T. LOŠÁK, M. PACHNER, D. WATANABE, L. MUSILOVA & J. HLUSEK, 2015, Soybean cadmium concentration: validation of a QTL affecting seed cadmium accumulation for improved food safety. Euphytica 203:177-184.

WATANABE, D., N. ADÁNYI, K. TAKÁCS, A. MACZÓ, A. NAGY, É. GELENCSÉR, M. PACHNER, K. LAUTER, S. BAUMGARTNER & J. VOLLMANN, 2016, Development of soybeans with low P34 allergen protein concentration for reduced allergenicity of soy-foods. J. Sci. Food Agric. 97:1010-1017.

162


MODERN TECHNIQUES OF STRESS WATER IDENTIFICATION FROM LANDS WITH DIFFERENT SPECIES OF OILSEEDS OR LEGUMES

Feodor FILIPOV, Teodor ROBU, Andreea-Daniela VODĂ

University of Applied Life Sciences and Environment "Ion Ionescu de la Brad", Romania

In the context of the recent global climate changes, reflected by the extreme phenomena (prolonged droughts, torrential rains, storms, contradictory water regime), it is of particular importance to identify their repercussions on the crop growing. The paper is focused on the possibilities of identification, by modern techniques, of the areas with different legumes and oleaginous species affected by hydric stress, due to prolonged drought or periodic water stagnation.

The authors present in detail several useful observations resulted from taking over and processing images, obtained by the latest generation techniques. By using modern devices for taking pictures at certain heights such as performance drones equipped with digital cameras and with high resolution, are obtained images with whole surface of cultivated crops. Such images cannot be obtained by conventional means at the ground level. The use of the drones in such situations, in comparison with avio means, consists in considerably diminished costs, extensive handling possibilities and the acquisition of detailed images of areas of interest such as so called hot spots, operability and flexibility.

The images accumulated from several locations with different crop species reveal the possibility of identifying in the early stages of negative processes due to the climatic factors that determine the degradation of the soil resources, the growing stagnation of the plants and implicitly the decrease of the quality of the obtained production. Identifying these processes is important for applying measures to mitigate negative effects on cultivated plants or adjusting pallet cultivation technologies.

163


AGRO-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A DIVERSE Phaseolus GERMPLASM COLLECTION IN ORGANIC

AND CONVENTIONAL CONDITIONS

Creola BREZEANU1, Teodor ROBU1, Petre Marian BREZEANU2, Silvica AMBĂRUŞ2, Andreea VODĂ1

1University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi, Romania; 2Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, Romania

Our study starts from the general need of conservation in order to ensure proper and

valuable utilization of plant genetic resources. Legumes represents a valuable source of food proteins, and their exploitation is expected to grow in relation of a growing world's food need. The breeding and exploitation of new varieties is a decisive factor in improving rural income and overall economic development. We developed prebreeding activities in order (1) to save precious resources that are endangered, by collecting local native populations, old, primitive varieties, (2) to improve national Phaseolus collection and (3) to ensure proper evaluation of plant genetic resources in order to be used in breeding programs. In Romania, the largest and the most representative Leguminosae collection is maintained by the Gene Bank Suceava and representative collection is also held in Vegetable Research and Development Station, Bacau. The study’s focus was on Phaseolus vulgaris, Phaseolus coccineus and Vigna radiata species. The proposed research methodology and techniques were conducted at Vegetable Research and Development Station, Bacau and University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Iaşi, and were designed as laboratory and field experiments on a diverse biological material, with valuable genetic origin, obtained in collecting missions in Romania and from different germplasm exchanges with different gene banks, accomplished in order to investigate the suitability in diffrent ecological conditions. The accessions were examined for morpho-agronomical traits in conventional and ecological field trials in accordance to passport descriptors. Phenological observations and biometric measurements included data on following characteristics: earliness, resistance or tolerance to pests and diseases, production quality and quantity were accomplished. Characteristics on the occurrence of the first flower and first pod could provide clues on earliness. Productivity was assessed by the number of pods/ plant, number of seeds in pods, weight of 1000 grains (MMB). To determine the attack of pathogens, we used a conventional scale, giving the notes to the degree of attack. The newly acquired knowledge and data will enable better and efficient management of Phaseolus resources. The development of new improved legumes genotypes, suitable to biological and conventional system, can solve problems related to: safe and sufficient food, alternative sources of food for judicious use of resources, decrease the agricultural inputs for conservation of the environment quality.

„This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian Ministery of Research and Innovation, CCCDI - UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P1-1.2-PCCDI-2017-0850/contract 14 PCCDI /2018, within PNCDI III”.

164

LIST OF AUTHORS

Abayev S. 57, 79 Abdul N. 132 Agapi Ion 18 Aleksandrova T. 59 Allahverdiyev T. I. 115 Alpatieva Natalia 101 Alpsoy Hüseyin Can 107 Alžbeta Hegedűsová 152 Ambăruş Silvica 163 Andreoiu Andrea C. 53 Andronic Larisa 64,112 Andronik Elena 109 Anisimova Irina 101 Annamaa Külli 19 Anteneh Feyissa 96 Antoci Ludmila 144 Anton F. Gabriel 91, 134 Antonio M.De Ron 29 Antonova Tatiana 111,116, 117,

131,133

Antoshkin A. 137 Araslanova Nina 131, 133 Artemyeva Anna 48 Bahdanava Maryna 109 Balalić Igor 118 Balashova Irina 130 Barzyk Paweł 89 Batiru Grigorii 85 Batîr Ludmila 106 Beebe Steve 24 Bender Ingrid 19 Benyoussef N. O. 35 Beser Necmi 77 Beșliu Alina 102, 106 Bivol Ina 60 Blaj Vasile Adrian 53 Boaghii Ion 61, 119 Boian Ilie 120 Bondarenco E. 126 Borah Nilakshi 20, 21 Börner Andreas 104 Borozan Pantelimon 62, 63 Botnari Vasile 64 Bozhinova R 108

Bran Alexandru 22, 134 Brezeanu Creola 163 Brezeanu Petre Marian

163

Brindza Jan 31 Brînză Lilia 122 Brutch Nina 65 Budac Alexandru 37, 66, 126 Budak Fikret 23 Bunyamin Tar’an 96 Burlyaeva М.О 67 Byk E.S. 138 Cadar Oana 160 Calugaru-Spataru T. 103 Caproni Leonardo 24 Caus Maria 123, 124 Celac Valentin 66, 68 Cernolev Elena 30 Certel B. T 135 Chalih Bithika 20, 21 Chavdar Nina 25, 26 Cheban Anna 69,71,72 Cherdivară Alla 149 Chesnokov Yuriy 48, 104 Çiftçi Vahdettin 135 Ciobanu Valentin 70 Ciocarlan Nina 27, 103 Clapco Steliana 74, 125, 157 Cliciuc Dorin 71 Climenco Oxana 127 Cojocari Dumitru 85 Comarova Galina 47, 85 Coretchi Liuba 66, 126 Corlateanu Liudmila 28 Coşalîc Cristina 139 Cotenco Eugenia 64 Cravcenco Anatolie 127 Crismaru Valentin 150 Cucereavii Aliona 74, 75 Curshunzhi Dmitrii 60, 69, 72 Cvejić Sandra 40, 82 Czubacka Anna 128, 136, 141 Dencicov Lidia 30, 110 Denev Iliya 108 Derendovskaia A. 151

165

LIST OF AUTHORS

Dicu Georgeta 86 Dimitrijević A. 82 Dimitrova A 108 Dogan R. 76 Domenco Rodion 120 Doroszewska Teresa 136 Dorota Bobrecka J. 136 Drobot N.I. 154 Duca Maria 105,125,129,157 Dusanić Nenad 118 Efremova Nadejda 102, 106 Egorova Galina 55 Elenciuc Daniela 120 Elisovetcaia Dina 31 Encheva Valentina 95 Engalycheva Irina 130, 137 Fateev Dmitriy 104 Fiedler András 92 Filipov Feodor 162 Galasso Incoronata 21 Ganea Anatolie 28, 32 Gavrilova Vera 101 Gavzer Svetlana 139 Gereda Javier M. 24 Getachew Fitsum 96 Gisca Ion 74, 75 Glogovac Svetlana 40 Goksoy A.T. 76 Golian Marcel 152 Golub Ivan 109 Gore Andrei 88 Gorgan Lucian D. 51 Gorshkov Vladimir 50 Gözen Volkan 135 Grahovac Nada 40 Gribincea Vladimir 33 Gridnev Gennady 55 Guden Birgul 94 Gusan Ana 160 Guţu Ana 34 Guzun Lucia 140 Haixia Zhang 96 Hamid Khazaei 96 Hladni Nada 82 Hlavačková Lucia 152

Horuzhiy N. E. 138 Hosni Taoufik 35 Hristeva Ts. 108 Huseynzade N. R. 36 Hussain M. 132 Iacobutsa Maria 99 İkten Hatice 135 Ion Viorel 22 Ivanova Raisa 31 Ivănescu L. 51 Iwebor Maria 133 Janmohammadi M. 90 Jelev Natalia 98 Jessa Hughes 96 Jocković Milan 82 Jovan Crnobarac 118 Kakhovskaya Irina 149 Kalibayev B. 79 Kanash Elena 104 Kantar Faik 135 Karasu Abdullah 76, 107 Kaspakbaev E. 57 Kausar M. 132 Kaya Yalcin 77 Khamassi Khalil 41 Kharchuk Oleg 37, 66 Kharrat Mohamed 35 Kirilova I. 108 Kistol Marcela 37 Koba Lyudmyla 43 Kobyzeva Lubov 56 Kocherina Nataliya 48, 104 Kon’kova Nina 38, 39 Kondić Špika A. 40 Kopania Ewa 136 Korbecka-Glinka G. 128, 136, 141 Korchmaryov Arina 159 Kozar′ Elena 130, 137 Kriveleva A.N. 154 Kurina Anna 48 Kutishcheva Natalia 93 Kutuzova Sofia 65 Leatamborg S. 98 Lemesh Valentina 109, 138, 154 Levitchi Alexei 110

166

LIST OF AUTHORS

Londoño Luis F. 24 Lošák Tomáš 161 Lungu Eugenia 61, 119 Lupașcu Galina 139, 144 Lyakh Viktor 49 Majidi M. M. 73 Malii Aliona 71 Mapelli Sergio 20, 21 Marjanović J. A. 40, 82 Martea Rodica 30, 110 Maruşca Teodor 53 Mastour Mouna 41 Maticiuc Vasile 78, 140, 153 Mechri Mouna 41 Medimagh Sana 35, 41 Meirman G. 57, 79 Meleca Anatolie 153 Melnic Victor 44 Miclăuș Mihai 80 Micu Alexandru 42 Mihaila Victoria 28 Mihailov Mihail 81 Miklič Vladimir 82, 118 Miladinović D. 40, 82 Mirskaya Galina 104 Mirza Vitalie 97 Mishev K. 108 Mistreţ Silvia 78 Monich Ruslan 43, 128, 136, 141 Mozgova G.V. 138, 154 Musteață Simion 63, 83 Mutu Ana 110, 125, 145 Narits Lea 19, 155 Naser Sabaghnia 90 Nechifor Victoria 105 Negri Valeria 24 Nenova Nina 95 Nicuţă Alexandru 156 Novikova Lubov 55 Nusubalieva F. 57, 79 Olszak-Przybyś H. 128, 141 Olteanu Zenovia 51 Oz M. 76, 107 Pachner Martin 161

Pacureanu-Joita M. 84, 134 Palii Andrei 85 Patkowska Elzbeta 141 Pavlov Andrey 65 Pederweski J. 132 Peleah Elena 44 Pérez-Vich Begoña 73 Petcu Elena 91 Pikash Elena 159 Pilyuk Ya. E. 138 Popa Alexei 160 Porokhovinova E. 65 Port Angela 105, 125, 129, 157 Pronina Ekaterina 130 Radchenko Evgeny 158 Raggi Lorenzo 24 Ramazanova S.A 111 Randy Purves 96 Rauf S. 132 Risnoveanu Luxita 134 Robu Teodor 162, 163 Romanciuc G. 45 Roșca Mariana 106 Rotarenco Valeriu 86, 87 Rotarenco Victoria 87 Rotari Alexandru 47, 85, 151 Rotari Eugen 46, 47 Rotari Silvia 88 Rotaru Vladimir 142 Rudakov Serghei 48, 149 Rudakova Angela 48, 149 Rusakov Dmitriy 104 Rushchuk A. 25, 26 Rushina Nataliya 104 Rusu Ghenadie 62, 63 Sagara Tatsuya 161 Saida Guchetl 131 Saikia S. P. 20, 21 Salah Hamadi Ben 35, 41 Saltanovici Tatiana 144 Santos Luis G. 24 Sașco Elena 139 Saucă Florentina 91 Saukova Svetlana 117, 133

167

LIST OF AUTHORS

Sava Elisabeta 22, 134 Savca Elena 145 Secrieru S. 151 Seferova Irina 55 Senyigit E. 76 Shaykhilov Denis 25 Shevchenko Igor 49 Shutov Andrei 149 Sibirnaya Lyudmila 50 Sibirny Dmitry 50 Silenko S.I. 67 Sincik M. 76 Siniša Jocić 82 Sipos Elvira 92 Skórka Magda 43 Slischuk Heorhii 159 Smerea Svetlana 112 Smirnova Anna 137 Smits Judit 96 Soheila Espanani 73 Solovyeva A.E. 67 Soroka Anatoliy 93 Spânu Angela 78 Spinu Valentina 63 Starzycka-Korbas E. 89 Starzycki Michał 89 Stavarache Mihai 54 Stefano Zanotto 96 Stratulat Tatiana 160 Szabová Eva 152 Ștefan G. A. 51 Ștefan Marius 51 Ștefîrță Anastasia 122 Tabara Olesea 129, 157 Talai Javanshir 52 Talsma Elise F. 24 Tamrazov Tamraz 52 Taran Mihail 99 Tchelyustnikova T. 131 Teleuţă A. 34 Tepe Akın 135

Toker Cengiz 135 Toktarbekova S. 57 Toma Constantin 51 Ţîţei Victor 34, 53, 54 Ulrike Lohwasser 104 Ungureanu Ion 44 Urszula Skomra 136 Usatîi Agafia 102, 106 Ushakov Vladimir 130 Ushkova L.L. 154 Ustun Rustem 94 Uzun Bulent 94 Valkova Daniela 95 Vandenberg Albert 96 Vanicovici Nicolai 97 Vassileva V. 108 Vatavu Marta 61, 119 Vdovychenko Zh. 43 Vedmedeva Kate 49 Velasco Leonardo 73 Velimir Radić 118 Veverita Efimia 98 Vishnyakova M. 55 Vodă Andreea-Daniela

162, 163

Volkova Nataliia 159 Vollmann Johann 40, 161 Vozian Valeriu 99 Vronschih M. 146, 147 Vus Nadiya 56 Wacław Jarecki 141 Watanabe Daisuke 161 Wenzl Peter 24 Wojciech Rybiński 89 Wojciech Święcicki 89 Yerzhanova S. 57, 79 Yol Engin 94, 113 Zakharova Olga 61, 159 Zamfirache M. M. 51 Zheleznyakova E.V. 154

168

Participations at the Congress

THE UNIVERSITIES

"Abant İzzet Baysal" University, Gölköy Bolu, Turkey "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Faculty of Biology, Romania "Dimitrie Cantemir" State University, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Center for Research and Consultancy

and Environment "Lunca", Braila, Romania "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary

Medicine of Iasi, Romania "Nicolae Testemițanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy,

Republic of Moldova Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey Duzce University Agriculture, Turkey Isfahan University of Technology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan, Iran Mendel University in Brno, Czech Republic Pridnestrovian State University named by T.G. Shevchenko, Tiraspol,

Republic of Moldova Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovak Republic State Agrarian University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova State University of Moldova, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest,

Romania University of Applied Life Sciences and Environment "Ion Ionescu de la

Brad", Romania University of Calgary, Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, Canada University of Carthage, Tunisia University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland University of Maragheh, Iran University of Natural Resouces and Life Sciences Vienna (BOKU), Austia University of Novi Sad, Serbia University of Perugia, Italy University of Plovid, Bulgaria University of Rzeszów, Poland University of Sargodha, University College of Agriculture, Pakistan University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada Wageningen University and Research, Netherlands Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

169


THE RESEARCH INSTITUTES

"Alexandru Ciubotaru" National Botanical Garden (Institute), Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

Agricultural Research Development Station Braila, Romania Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation All-Russian Research "N.I. Vavilov" Institute of Plant Industry, Saint-

Petersburg, Russian Federation All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops by the name of Pustovoit V.S.,

Krasnodar, Russian Federation Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Colombia Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute, General Toshevo, Bulgaria Estonian Crop Research Institute, Estonia Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Vegetable

Center" (FSBSI FSVC), VNIISSOK, Russian Federation Institute for Sustainable Agriculture – CSIC, Cordoba, Spain Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, CNR, Milano, Italy Institute of Biopolymers and Chemical Fibres, Poland Institute of Crop Science "Porumbeni", Pascani, Republic of Moldova Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Institute of Genetics and Cytology of the National Academy of Sciences of

Belarus, Belarus Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Chisinau, Republic

of Moldova Institute of Microbiology and Biotehnology, Chisinau, Republic of

Moldova Institute of Oilseed Crops of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences,

Zaporozhye, Ukraine Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Poznań, Poland Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Sofia, Bulgaria Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation - State Research Institute,

Pulawy, Poland Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Agricultural and plant Growing,

Kazahstan Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK),

Germany Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG), National Spanish Research Council

(CSIC), Pontevedra, Spain

170


THE RESEARCH INSTITUTES

National Agricultural Research and Development Institute Fundulea, Călărași, Romania

National Centre of Public Health, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova National Institute for Agricultural Research of Tunisia (INRAT), Tunisia National Institute of Field Crops, Tunisia National R&D Institute for Biological Sciences, Cluj-Napoca, Romania North East Institute of Science & Technology – CSIR, Jorhat, India Plant Production Institute nd. a. V. Ya. Yuriev of NAAS, National Centre for

Plant Genetic Resources, Kharkiv, Ukraine Republican Unitary Enterprise Institute of flax of the National Academy of

Sciences of Belarus, Belarus Research - Development Institute for Grassland Brasov, Romania Research and Practical Center of National Academy of Sciences of the

Republic of Belarus for Arable Farming, Belarus Research Innovation and Commercialization, University College of

Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary ICIA, Romania Research Institute of Crop Husbandry, Baku, Azerbaijan Research Institute of Field Crops "Selectia", Bălți, Republic of Moldova Scientific Research Center of Soya Development "AgeSoya", Poland State Institute for Variety Testing and Registration, Bucharest, Romania Tobacco and Tobacco Products Institute, Plovdiv, Bulgaria Vegetable Research and Development Station Bacau, Romania Vegetable Scientific-Research Institute, Baku, Azerbaijan Western Mediterranean Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute, Antalya

Turkey

PRIVATE COMPANIES

AMG-AgroSelect Comert SRL, Republic of Moldova EVO PLANT SRL, Afumati, Romania LLC Cotecna Ukraine Limited, Odessa, Ukraine Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, Pontevedra, Spain Mogyi Ltd., Csávoly, Hungary NOVOFRUCT SK, S. R. O., Nové Zámky, Slovak Republic Poznań Plant Breeders Ltd, Wągrowiec, Poland VAR BREEDING Ltd., Chisinau, Republic of Moldova

171


PARTICIPATING COUNTRIES

AUSTRIA

AZERBAIJAN

BELARUS

BULGARIA

CANADA

COLOMBIA

CZECH REPUBLIC

ESTONIA

GERMANY

HUNGARY

INDIA

IRAN

ITALY

KAZAHSTAN

NETHERLANDS

PAKISTAN

POLAND

REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

ROMANIA

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

SERBIA

SLOVAK REPUBLIC

SPAIN

SWITZERLAND

TUNISIA

TURKEY

UKRAINE

172

EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR RESEARCH ON PLANT BREEDING

European Association for Research on Plant Breeding (EUCARPIA) is a non-

profit organization, founded in 1956 and officially seated in Wageningen (the Netherlands). EUCARPIA aims to promote scientific and technical co-operation in the field of plant breeding in order to foster its further development. To achieve this purpose, the Association arranges and sponsors meetings to discuss general or specific problems from all fields of plant breeding and genetic research.

The association includes session in different fields, as follow: Potatoes; Cereals; Organic and Low-Input Agriculture; Fodder Crops and Amenity Grasses; Genetic Resources; Maize and Sorghum; Vegetables; Fruit; Ornamentals; Oil and Protein Crops; Biometrics in Plant Breeding. EUCARPIA organizes section and working group meetings throughout Europe each year. During these meetings devoted to particular crops or cross-cutting topics, specialized up-to-date knowledge and methodology are exchanged among leading scientists and conveyed to practical plant breeders. Every four years, the General Congress is held together with the general assembly. These congresses are an opportunity for all EUCARPIA members to discuss subjects of a wider interest. They provide a forum for presentation of the problems and challenges which plant breeding faces today and in the future.

SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATION OF GENETICISTS AND BREEDERS OF THE REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA

Since its founding till now, the Society’s activity was marked with important

steps in formation and maturation of many researchers, appearance and shaping of different research areas, creation and discoveries in natural sciences with original results in plants, animals and microorganisms breeding. The fundamental basis of these studies was laid in 40-50-ies of XX century, when the first departments in this area were founded. The multilateral and systematic research in genetics and breeding, initiated in 50s, and has intensified since 1957, when the Section of Plant Genetics was organized in Moldavian Academy of Sciences (MAS). Later, the genetics development was conducted in both terms: deepening of fundamental studies and creation of varieties and hybrids, research of their productivity potential, the homologation and production of seeds.

Founding of the Scientific Society of Geneticists and Breeders of Moldova was possible due to organizational capacity of academician Anatol Kovarschi, a prominent scientist in genetics and plant breeding. On 27 December, 1968, during the general meeting of the Department of Biological and Chemistry Sciences of MAS, it was decided to establish the Republican Section of Geneticists and Breeders Society, named after N. I. Vavilov, which had the objective to strengthen the forces to solve the breeding and seed production problems and promote the basic research in plants, animals and human genetics. Then, the fourth plenary meeting of the All-Union Society of Geneticists and Breeders of 18-20 March, 1979 has approved the decision to create the Geneticists and Breeders Society of Moldova.

Documents

DESCRIEREA CIP A CAMEREI NAŢIONALE A CĂRŢIIisopc2018.unasm.asm.md/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Abstract-book... · ROMANCIUC Gabriela, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant