Design and Analysis of Horizontal Inverted U-Slotted Patch ...ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n23_12.pdf[10]. A microstrip-patch antenna having diagonally symmetric slots produces

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN 0973-4562 Volume 13, Number 23 (2018) pp. 16226-16233

© Research India Publications. http://www.ripublication.com

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Design and Analysis of Horizontal Inverted U-Slotted Patch Antenna

for Multi-Band Resonance

Neelesh Agrawal*, J A Ansari**, Navendu Nitin**,Abhishek Kumar Saroj**

Department of Electronics & Communication, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, U.P.-211002, India *Corresponding Author

Abstract

Different configurations of inverted horizontal U-slotted

microstrip antenna(MSA) or patch antenna are explored to

obtain multi-band resonance .The proposed simulated design

shows four resonating frequencies while the measured results

illustrate five resonating frequencies which pivot on the

truncated corners of the patch having inset line feeding. The

frequency of operation of the proposed inverted horizontal U-

slotted patch antenna lies between 2-10 GHz. The resonating

bands are centered around 2.70, 4.60, 7.50, 9.50 GHz and is

suitable for S bands, C bands and for X bands applications. The

results are executed in HFSS simulator.

Keywords: U-Slot, Truncated Corners, Inset Feeding,

Microstrip Antennas (MSA) .

I. INTRODUCTION

Wireless Communication devices for example smart phones,

handheld tablets etc. are having various operating frequencies

for different functionalities . In order to achieve the demands of

multiple operating frequencies on a single communication

device multiband microstrip antennas (MSA) are an important

requirement of present era. To get multiband MSA various

techniques have been developed. One such type of technique is

slotted MSA . Some of the slotted MSA designs are proximity

coupled fed circular patch MSA consisting of cross slot with

unequal slot lengths produces circularly polarization [1]. A

rectangular MSA with toothbrush-shaped slots having a probe

feed produces broadband operation along with two resonant

frequencies[2]. Aperture-coupled microstrip antenna having

modified H-shaped slots achieves dual-polarization

radiation[3]. A square shaped MSA consisting of C-shaped slot

having aperture-coupled feeding was anticipated to get

circular polarization [4]. A monopole MSA with slots of L-

shape on the ground side enhances the bandwidth along with

two resonating bands [5] . A rectangular MSA with half-U-slot

cute inside the patch gives rise to broadband behaviour [6] . A

probe-fed E-shaped patch MSA having unequal, asymmetrical

E slots produces circularly polarized wideband resonance [7].

U-slot loaded microstrip patch produces circular polarization

for the 1.575 GHz operating frequency [8] . Single feed

asymmetrical U-slots loaded stacked patch generates circularly

polarized dual-band behaviour [9] . A multilayer MSA having

two symmetrical T-shaped slotted patch resonates dual bands

[10]. A microstrip-patch antenna having diagonally symmetric

slots produces circular polarized radiation [11]. A X-shaped slot

loaded square-patch MSA with proximity-feeding was helpful

to get circular polarization [12]. A arrowhead-shape slot loaded

single-feed microstrip antenna radiates circularly polarized

wave at 911 MHz [13]. A jeans substrate based polygon patch

MSA containing circular slot along with a vertical slits

generates dual band radiation[14]. A centred parasitic

rectangular patch MSA with printed wide-slot fed by a fork like

shaped tuning stub produces ultra-wideband behaviour [15]. A

patch MSA having U slot along with variable slots were useful

to get broadband effect i.e. to increase bandwidth[16]. A

modified U-slot MSA reduces cross-polarization effects while

maintains bandwidth percentage between 15 and 20 [17]. A

probe-fed V slit , stubbed and slotted circular patch MSA

generates three resonant frequencies [18] . A annularly slotted

BeiDou patch antenna containing symmetric slits provides

proper impedance matching due to which the antenna proves to

be useful for GPS System [19].

A horizontal inverted U-slotted rectangular radiating patch

MSA with inset line feeding along with four truncated corners

on the four corner of radiating patch is investigated. The

simulations performed in HFSS. The results illustrate that the

proposed antenna is able to resonate at multi-band frequencies

because of the proposed configuration.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN

Fig.1 and Fig.2 shows the simulated MSA design using HFSS

.Fig.1 depicts the structure of the simple horizontal inverted U-

slot MSA (Antenna 1) having FR4 as dielectric substrate. The

relative permittivity (εr) of a FR4 substrate is 4.4. The thickness

(h) of the FR4 substrate is 1.6 mm. The MSA is energized by

50 Ω microstrip feeding line. The measurements of microstrip

feeding line are denoted as length (F) and width (H). The

microstrip feeding line is incorporated with quarter wave

length transformer for appropriate impedance matching having

dimensions as length (E) and width (G). Fig. 2 portrays the

structure of the proposed inset feed horizontal inverted U-

slotted MSA (Antenna 2) containing two truncated corners at

the upper side and two truncated corners at the lower side of the

patch to obtain more resonant frequencies. Fig.3 shows the

fabricated proposed horizontal inverted U-slotted MSA

(Antenna 2). The different parameters are depicted in the table

1. The simulated designs of Antenna 1, 2 along with fabricated

designs of Antenna 2 are discussed in the following sections .



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Fig. 1. Strucutre of the horizontal inverted U slot MSA

(Antenna 1)

Fig. 2. Geometry of the horizontal inverted U slot

MSA(Antenna 2) with inset feeding along with two truncated

corners at the upper sides and two truncated corners at the

lower sides of the patch.

(a) (b)

Fig. 3. Photographs of the fabricated proposed

antenna(Antenna 2)

TABLE I. ANTEENA PARAMETERS

Antenna Parameters Size in

(mm)

Length of Ground plane (B) 40

Width of Ground plane (A) 40

Length of Patch (D) 11.33

Width of Patch (C) 15.24

Length of Quarter wave transformer (E) 4.92

Width of Quarter wave transformer (G) 0.5

Length of Microstrip Feed (F) 6.18

Width of Microstrip Feed (H) 3.5

(I) 19.75

(J) 18.25

(K) 12.38

Length of the horizontal arms of U slot(L) 13.24

Width of the horizontal& vertical arms of U

slot(M)

3

Length of the vertical arm of U slot(N) 9.33

(O) 1

(P) 13.33

Length of Gap Coupled Feeding (R) 0.5

Width of Gap Coupled Feeding(Q) 0.2

Length of Truncated corners(T) 0.5

Width of Truncated corners(S) 0.2

III. ANTENNA PERFORMANCE

The simulation is performed in HFSS simulator. The execution of antenna 1 can be observed in Fig. 4 which shows the variation of return loss with respect to frequency for Antenna 1. It is observed that three operating frequencies are obtained. These operating frequencies are at 4.6 GHz, 7.4 GHz and 9.3 GHz having peak return loss up to -26.9595 dB, -16.5410 dB and -20.7764 dB respectively.

Fig. 5 depicts the measured and simulated variation of return loss verses frequency for the proposed antenna (Antenna 2) . When antenna 1 is introduced with two truncated corners at the upper sides and two truncated corners at the lower side of patch having inset line feeding, improved results in comparison with the results of antenna 1 have been observed. Simulated result of the proposed antenna (Antenna 2) as shown in Fig. 5 depicts four resonating frequencies whose values are 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz having 𝑆11 -16.5101 dB, -16.9602 dB, -12.5135 dB and -17.3077 dB respectively while measured result of the proposed antenna (Antenna 2) as portrayed in Fig. 5 shows five resonating frequencies whose values are 2.755 GHz , 3.295 GHz, 4.240 GHz , 5.050 GHz , 7.750 GHz having -16.8367 dB, -17.4935 dB, -14.6439 dB,-16.8343 dB, -21.8633 dB respectively .

Fig.6 depicts simulated -10 dB return-loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna (Antenna 2) for different resonating frequencies. The impedance bandwidth (-10dB) for simulated resonating frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are 88.3 MHz ( 2.6567-2.745 GHz), 157 MHz(4.5333-4.6903 GHz), 176.7 MHz (7.3769-7.5536 GHz) ,456.6 MHz



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(9.2718-9.7284 GHz) respectively. Fig.7 portrays the measured bandwidth (-10 dB return loss) of the proposed antenna (Antenna 2) for different resonating frequencies. The impedance bandwidth (-10dB) for resonating frequencies 2.755 GHz , 3.295 GHz, 4.240 GHz , 5.050 GHz , 7.750 GHz are 80.6 MHz (2.7038-2.7844GHz), 448.4 MHz (3.134-3.5824GHz), 305.1 MHz (4.0633-4.3684GHz), 122.1 MHz (5.0091-5.1312 GHz), 254.7 MHz (7.5664-7.8211GHz). A better agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved but the comparable differences in number of operating frequencies and all other parameters between the measured and simulated results are may be because of unavoidable limitation in simulated design .

Simulated VSWR of Antenna 2 (proposed antenna) as represented in Fig. 8 for frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are 1.3514, 1.3307, 1.6204, 1.3157 respectively while measured VSWR of the Antenna 2 (proposed antenna) as depicted in Fig. 8 for frequencies 2.755 GHz , 3.295

GHz, 4.240 GHz , 5.050 GHz , 7.750 GHz are 1.3533, 1.3231, 1.4946, 1.3128, 1.1848 respectively .

Simulated radiation pattern of Antenna 2 (proposed antenna) for frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are represented in Fig. 9. The Fig. 9 clearly depicts that the radiation intensity for frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are maximum at ϴ= 0deg , 0deg , (40deg ,-40deg), (40deg ,-40deg) respectively.

Simulated 2D gain for frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are shown in Fig. 10. Simulated 3D gain for frequencies at 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz are represented in Fig. 11 .The antenna has a maximum gain of -8.0459 dB(ϕ=0,90deg ϴ=0deg) , 2.0286 dB(ϕ=0,90deg ϴ=0deg) , 0.9676 dB(ϕ=80deg , ϴ=-40deg , ϕ= 260deg ,ϴ=40deg)and 4.6812 dB(ϕ=180deg , ϴ=40deg , ϕ= 360deg ,ϴ= -40deg) at frequencies 2.70 GHz, 4.60 GHz, 7.50 GHz and 9.50 GHz respectively.

Fig. 4. Return loss versus frequency for Antenna 1

Fig. 5. Simulated and measured variation of return loss versus frequency for the proposed antenna (Antenna 2)



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Fig. 6. Simulated -10 dB return-loss bandwidth of Antenna 2 (proposed antenna)

Fig. 7. Measured -10 dB return-loss bandwidth of the proposed antenna (Antenna 2)



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Fig. 8. Simulated and measured variation of VSWR with frequency for proposed antenna(Antenna 2).

(a)

(b)



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(c)

(d)

Fig. 9. Simulated Radiation pattern of the proposed

antenna(Antenna 2) at frequencies (a) 2.7 GHz, (b) 4.6 GHz, (c)

7.5 GHz and (d) 9.5 GHz

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Fig. 10. Simulated 2D gain of the proposed antenna(Antenna 2)

at frequencies (a) 2.7 GHz, (b) 4.6 GHz, (c) 7.5 GHz and (d) 9.5

GHz



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(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

Fig. 11. Simulated 3D gain of the proposed antenna(Antenna 2)

at frequencies (a) 2.7 GHz, (b) 4.6 GHz, (c) 7.5 GHz and (d) 9.5

GHz.

IV. CONCLUSION

The proposed antenna (Antenna 2) has been designed with two truncated corners at the upper side and two truncated corners at the lower side of the radiating patch with inset line feeding. This has brought in the improved results wherein as pre simulated results four resonating frequencies 2.70 GHz , 4.60 GHz , 7.50 GHz , 9.50 GHz have been achieved while considering measured results five resonating frequencies 2.755 GHz , 3.295 GHz, 4.240 GHz , 5.050 GHz , 7.750 GHz have been attained . It has good radiation pattern at 2.70 GHz and 4.60 frequencies and maximum gain at 9.5 GHz frequency. The proposed antenna can be utilized for various wireless communication bands.

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Design and Analysis of Horizontal Inverted U-Slotted Patch ...ripublication.com/ijaer18/ijaerv13n23_12.pdf[10]. A microstrip-patch antenna having diagonally symmetric slots produces