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Design methods and standards
Keeping pace with evolving load standards: Recalibration of LRFD for wood
D. Rosowsky, D. Gromala and P. Line,USA.....................................................1
Three-dimensional load-bearing behaviour of multi-storey timber frame buildings
M. Kessel and T. zur Kammer, GERMANY ..................................................................................7
Multi-storey timber structures in Germany
S. Winter, GERMANY ...................................................................................................................13
UK design guidance for multi-storey timber frame buildings
R. Grantham and V. Enjily, UNITED KINGDOM........................................................................19
U.S. Building code and construction practice of multi-story wood-frame construction
K. Cheung, X. Fang and P. Mazikins, USA ..................................................................................25
Development of a frame for wide openings in residential construction
A. Ross & al., NEW ZEALAND.....................................................................................................31
The generic formulation of member strengths as a first step
towards a unified structural design code
W. Burdzik, N. Dekker and V. Marshall, SOUTH AFRICA..........................................................37
Revised Malaysian code of practice for structural use of timber
A. Rashid, MALAYSIA...................................................................................................................43
Design aids for optimised floor systems for timber buildings
C. Sigrist and C. Gerber, SWITZERLAND ...................................................................................49
Glue-laminated structures
Large, mechanically joined glulam arches
K. Bell and L. Wollebæk, NORWAY..............................................................................................55
Stability of glulam arches
L. Wollebæk and K. Bell, NORWAY..............................................................................................61
New design model for round holes in glulam beams
S. Aicher and L. Höfflin, GERMANY............................................................................................67
A new glue-lam concept
T. Poutanen, FINLAND ................................................................................................................73
Timber building systems and production methods
A timber conservatory
R. Morris-Nunn, AUSTRALIA.......................................................................................................77
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
The new exhibition halls of Karlsruhe and the applicability of EC 5
G. Hochreiner, AUSTRIA..............................................................................................................83
Chinese rainbow bridges
W. Shen and J. Liu, CHINA ..........................................................................................................87
A systematic framework for long-span timber structures
A. Björnfot and L. Stehn, SWEDEN..............................................................................................93
The use of timber gridshells for long span structures
R. Harris & al., UNITED KINGDOM ..........................................................................................99
Performance of shear walls
Structural Performance of Tall Walls Under Axial and Transversal Loads
D. Leonard, M. Popovski and H. Prion, CANADA.......................................................................105
Narrow shear walls - a portal frame solution
T. Williamson and B. Yeh, USA ....................................................................................................111
Effects of dry and humid cyclic climate on the performance of nail joints and shear walls
S. Nakajima and M. Okabe, JAPAN..............................................................................................117
Performance of code-prescribed wood shear walls
P. Seaders, R. Gupta and T. Miller, USA .....................................................................................123
A plastic lower bound method for design of wood-framed shear walls
B. Källsner and U. Girhammar, SWEDEN...................................................................................129
Hysteresis models for nailed sheathing-to-framing connections
in wood shear walls and diaphragms
J. Judd and F. Fonseca, USA........................................................................................................135
Lateral resistance of tall unblocked shear walls
H. Mi & al., CANADA...................................................................................................................141
Performance-based design of wood shearwalls considering
performance of the overall structure
D. Rosowsky and J. Kim, USA ......................................................................................................147
Lateral resistances of log constructions
T. Hirai & al., JAPAN...................................................................................................................153
Lateral shear performance of the wooden post & beam structure
with prefabricated small mud shear walls
K. Komatsu & al., JAPAN.............................................................................................................159
Characteristics of sheathing-to-timber joints in wood shear walls
U. Girhammar, N. Bovim and B. Källsner, SWEDEN..................................................................165
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Enviromental aspects
The environmental benefits of wood construction
J. O’Connor and J. Dangerfield, CANADA..................................................................................171
Carbon stock by domestic produced and imported primary wood products in Japan
T. Soma and T. Arima, JAPAN......................................................................................................177
Comparative LCA:s for wood and other construction methods
P. Eriksson, SWEDEN ..................................................................................................................183
Durability and renovation
Moisture, mould and wood - a design challenge
T. Williamson and S. Zylkowski, USA...........................................................................................189
The safety of exterior wood decks on residential buildings
J. Loferski, USA ............................................................................................................................195
A probabilistic model for termite attack
R. Leicester, C. Wang and L. Cookson, AUSTRALIA..................................................................201
Reliability
Simulation-based reliability assessment of timber structures
A. Lokaj, CZECH REPUBLIC ......................................................................................................205
Theoretical and practical aspects of the reliability analysis of timber structures
A. Ranta-Maunus, FINLAND........................................................................................................211
An integrated approach to include system effects in wood assemblies
R. Gupta and P. Limkatanyoo, USA..............................................................................................217
Reliability analysis of deteriorated post member
C. Park, H. Kim and J. Lee, KOREA ............................................................................................223
Reliability based classification of timber structures
L. Ozola and T. Keskkula, LATVIA / ESTONIA............................................................................229
Connections
Reinforcements perpendicular to the grain using self-tapping screws
H. Blaß and I. Bejtka, GERMANY ................................................................................................233
Moment-resisting joints with hardwood dowels glued-in parallel to grain
J. Jensen, T. Sasaki and A. Koizumi, JAPAN................................................................................239
Moment-resisting connections in laminated veneer lumber (LVL) frames
A. Houtte, A. Buchanan and P. Moss, NEW ZEALAND...............................................................247
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
A linear fracture mechanics evaluation of plug shear failure
H. Johnsson and L. Stehn, SWEDEN............................................................................................253
Splitting strength of beams loaded perpendicular to
grain by connections, a fracture mechanical approach
A. Leijten and T. van der Put, NETHERLANDS...........................................................................259
Design method for utilisation of rotational stiffness
of mechanical joints on the design of timber structures
P. Kanerva, S. Peltola and J. Vesa, FINLAND.............................................................................265
Reinforcement of large finger-jointed corner frame connections
T. Mori , K. Komatsu and Y. Noda, JAPAN..................................................................................273
Influence of moisture induced stresses in steel-to-timber dowel joints
J. Sjödin, C. Johansson and H. Petersson, SWEDEN...................................................................279
Engineered wood products
Parametric studies of OSB webbed wood
I-beams with changing web depth and web opening location
Z. Guan, E. Zhu and P. Rodd, UNITED KINGDOM...................................................................285
Numerical simulation of mechanical behavior of parallel strand lumber
P. Clouston, USA ..........................................................................................................................291
Long term trends of coniferous sawn timber and plywood consumption –
Future demand opportunities for engineered wood products
J. Virtanen, FINLAND ..................................................................................................................297
Performance of composite structures
Grooves as shear-connectors in timber-concrete composite structures
U. Kuhlmann and B. Michelfelder, GERMANY............................................................................301
Composite of board stacks and concrete with integrated steel slim-floor profile
U. Kuhlmann and J. Schänzlin, GERMANY .................................................................................307
Time dependent behaviour of timber-concrete-composite structures
J. Schänzlin and U. Kuhlmann, GERMANY .................................................................................313
Flexural fatigue of beam to beam connections using glued-in GFRP rods
M. Madhoushi and M. Ansell, IRAN / UNITED KINGDOM........................................................319
Load carrying capacity of nail-laminated timber loaded perpendicular to its plane
V. Kraemer, GERMANY................................................................................................................327
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME I
Finite element analysis of timber composites reinforced with bonded-in steel plates and rods
P. Alam, M. Ansell and D. Smedley, UNITED KINGDOM ..........................................................333
Experimental and numerical results on semi prestressed wood-concrete composite floor systems for long span applications
L. Bathon and P. Clouston, GERMANY / USA .............................................................................339
Timber beams strengthened with prestressed fibres: Delamination
M. Brunner and M. Schnueriger, SWITZERLAND.......................................................................345
Rehabilitation of timber beams with reinforced epoxy plates
A. Duarte, J. Negrão and H. Cruz, PORTUGAL..........................................................................351
Mechanical behaviour of two orthogonally glued boards
R. Joebstl & al., AUSTRIA............................................................................................................357
Tailor made textile reinforcements in wood constructions
P. Haller, T. Birk and J. Wehneser, GERMANY...........................................................................365
Non-linear FEM models for timber-concrete joints made with dowel type fasteners
A. Dias & al., PORTUGAL...........................................................................................................371
Education in timber engineering and construction
A study on effective architectural education for students based on construction of timber structures by student's selves build project
K. Kohara & al., JAPAN...............................................................................................................377
Timber design knowledge for professionals of the future
C. Mettem & al., UNITED KINGDOM.........................................................................................383
Education of architects and engineers to the world of timber engineering
J. Virtanen, FINLAND ..................................................................................................................389
Integrated education in timber engineering and forest products technology
T. Paajanen, FINLAND ................................................................................................................393
Architectural construction: Simulation for ‘reality’
P.Murray, AUSTRALIA.................................................................................................................399
Keynotes
New timber constructions in Nordic countries
S. Thelandersson, E. Aasheim and A. Ranta-Maunus, SWEDEN / NORWAY / FINLAND..........1
A way to sustainable architecture by new technologies for engineered timber structures
J. Natterer, SWITZERLAND .........................................................................................................9
UNFF – United Nations Forum on Forests
P. Patosaari, USA .........................................................................................................................27
Timber building systems and production methods
Modern quality systems require new certification solutions
A. Kuchar & al., USA....................................................................................................................29
Timber-palisade-structures
U. Kuhlmann, W. Grosse and G. Teichmann, GERMANY ...........................................................35
A new solid timber studio building in Dresden-Hellerau
P. Haller, R. Morgenstern and A. Quincke, GERMANY ..............................................................41
A product data model for design and fabrication of timber buildings
P. Osterrieder & al., GERMANY..................................................................................................47
Final report of a research and development project on timber-based hybrid building structures
I. Sakamoto & al., JAPAN.............................................................................................................53
Potential upgrade of timber frame buildings in the UK using timber-concrete composites
R. Grantham & al., UNITED KINGDOM ....................................................................................59
New load-bearing structures in wood – federal state assembly of Nordrhein-Westfalen
K. Tichelmann, GERMANY...........................................................................................................65
Composite beam-to-column timber frame
A. Keronen, FINLAND..................................................................................................................71
Structural glazing on wood
G. Legrand and F. Rouger, FRANCE...........................................................................................77
Six-level timber apartment building in a high seismic zone
J. Milburn and W. Banks, NEW ZEALAND..................................................................................83
Horizontal timber slab from 4 m to 18 meters free span
J.-L. Sandoz, SWITZERLAND.......................................................................................................89
Connections
Development and verification of theory on pull-out properties of lagscrewbolted timber joints
M. Nakatani and K. Komatsu, JAPAN..........................................................................................95
Estimating rotational stiffness of timber joints by using fractional factorial experiments combined with computer simulation
W. Chang, M. Hsu, and C. Chen, TAIWAN ..................................................................................101
Comparison of slender dowel-type fasteners for slotted in steel plate connections under monotonic and cyclic loading
A. Schreyer, F. Lam and H. Prion, USA .......................................................................................107
Effect of pilot hole size on the lateral capacity of lag screw connections
D. Dolan and T. Ramskill, USA ....................................................................................................113
Effect of fastener bend-yield stress on cyclic performance of lateral wood connections
E. Sutt, D. Rosowsky and E. Anderson, USA ................................................................................119
Glued-in rod connections in bending: experiment and stochastic finite-element modelling
J. Baroth & al., FRANCE .............................................................................................................123
The tensile properties for powder-driven-nail connections for round timber
K. Shim, KOREA ...........................................................................................................................129
3D-numerical modelling of DVW-reinforced timber joints
J. Van De Kuilen and M. Dejong, NETHERLANDS.....................................................................137
Creep and duration of load properties
Long term modelling of timber-concrete composite structures in variable climates
E. Bou Said, J. Jullien and A. Ceccotti, FRANCE ........................................................................143
Creep performance of the hybrid timber beams
S. Nakajima & al., JAPAN ............................................................................................................149
Behaviour of laminated wooden beams in changing environment
S. Srpcic & al., SLOVENIA...........................................................................................................155
Characterization of hygro-mechanical properties of solid wood
L. Muszynski, R. Lagana and S. Shaler, USA ...............................................................................161
Grading and non-destructive testing
Wood product test methods and stress class systems in the world
Y. Wang & al., CANADA ..............................................................................................................167
Acoustoelastic birefringence effect in wood for ultrasonic stress determination
M. Hasegawa and Y. Sasaki, JAPAN............................................................................................173
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME II
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of Douglas-fir lumber and it’s
structural glulam by non-destructive techniques
S. Wang, M. Tsai and T. Yang, TAIWAN ......................................................................................179
Combined visual and machine strength grading
M. Frese and H. Blaß, GERMANY ...............................................................................................185
Machine Grading Procedures under the American Lumber Standard
W. Galligan and D. Devisser, USA...............................................................................................191
Analysis of timber structure in Norway spruce timber using image analysis technique
R. Ziethén and C. Bengtsson, SWEDEN .......................................................................................197
Industrial ultrasonic grading for multi-glued laminated timber
J.-L. Sandoz, SWITZERLAND.......................................................................................................205
A rapid FT-IR spectroscopic method for screening wood properties
M. Nuopponen and D. Stewart, UNITED KINGDOM..................................................................211
Acoustics and vibration of timber buildings
Development of a design method to control vibrations induced
by normal walking action in wood-bases floors
L. Hu and Y. Chui, CANADA........................................................................................................217
Södra Semi – A new flooring structure in wood with improved footstep sound insulation
P. Hammer and T. Alsmarker, SWEDEN......................................................................................223
Vibrations of wooden floor elements on supporting steel framework
K. Salmela, H. Petersson and B. Källsner, SWEDEN .................................................................229
Performance of shear walls
Industrialised wall panels for house building
F. Moonen, NETHERLANDS........................................................................................................235
Effect of load and construction on cyclic stiffness of wood diaphragms
D. Carradine, J.Dolan and J. Bott, USA ......................................................................................241
Effect of aging on fracture behavior of shear walls picked from the old wood house
T. Tsuchimoto al., JAPAN............................................................................................................247
Tests on partially anchored wood-framed shear walls
U. Girhammar and B. Källsner, SWEDEN...................................................................................253
Bridges
Structural performance of timber arch highway bridge
H. Honda, T. Kusanagi and H. Kabemura, JAPAN......................................................................259
Static and dynamic characteristic of King-post truss road
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME II
bridge made of glued laminated timber
T. Nakazawa & al., JAPAN...........................................................................................................265
Timber guardrail combined of round log rails and concrete posts
R. Zhang & al., JAPAN.................................................................................................................271
Dynamic behaviour of timber footbridges
C. Rigueiro, J. Negrão and C. Rebelo, PORTUGAL ....................................................................277
Impact behaviour of roadside round wooden posts
K. Malo, NORWAY........................................................................................................................283
Wood-concrete composite technology in bridge construction
M. Flach and C. Frenette, AUSTRIA............................................................................................289
Reliable assessment of aged timber bridges using dynamic procedures
K. Crews, B. Samali and J. Li, AUSTRALIA.................................................................................295
Development of long span stress-laminated timber arch bridges
G. Freedman and A. Kermani, UNITED KINGDOM...................................................................301
Emerging timber bridge program to São Paulo state
C. Calil Jr., BRAZIL .....................................................................................................................307
Fire resistance of timber buildings
Review of reaction to fire performance of wood based products
E. Mikkola, FINLAND ..................................................................................................................313
The Eurocode “Fire Part” – EN 1995-1-2
J. König and S. Winter, GERMANY..............................................................................................319
Fire resistance of wood-framed wall assemblies: Computer model and full-scale test
H. Takeda, CANADA ....................................................................................................................325
A case study of performance of load-bearing wooden structures in natural fire
J. Hietaniemi and T. Korhonen, FINLAND ..................................................................................329
Predicting the behaviour of dowelled connections in fire :
Fire tests results and heat transfer modelling
K. Laplanche, D. Dhima and P. Racher, FRANCE ......................................................................335
The behaviour of constructions during fire
J. Raadschelders, NETHERLANDS..............................................................................................341
Fire resistance of wood-framed exterior walls: model and full-scale test
H. Takeda and L. Richardson, CANADA......................................................................................347
The fire resistance behaviour of structural sandwich walls,
a methodology to assess sandwich panel building products in fire
J. Bregulla and D. Grifftiths, UNITED KINGDOM .....................................................................353
Seismic performance of timber buildings
Probabilistic software for seismic response of timber structures
B. Sjoberg, H. Prion and R. Foschi, CANADA.............................................................................359
Performance-based design of timber structures for earthquake demand
R. Foschi, CANADA......................................................................................................................365
Reliability of wood shearwalls subject to wind and earthquake load
J. van de Lindt and D. Rosowsky, USA........................................................................................371
Seismic behaviour of timber rivets in wood construction
M. Popovski and E. Karacabeyli, CANADA.................................................................................377
Heavy timber laminated frames with composite material
reinforced beam-to-column connections under earthquake loads
B. Kasal, A. Heiduschke and P. Haller, USA / GERMANY ..........................................................383
Seismic response of timber frame structures: experiment and finite element modelling
N. Richard, L. Daudeville and M. Yasumura, FRANCE...............................................................389
Seismic reliability analysis for wood shear walls
J. Gu and F. Lam, CANADA........................................................................................................395
Analysis of seismic performance of timber structures using non- linear viscous damping
N. Yamaguchi and C. Minowa, JAPAN ........................................................................................401
Hysteretic responses of different sheathing to framing joints
B. Dujic & al., SLOVENIA............................................................................................................407
Material properties and quality
Experimental study of twist during drying and conditioning
E. Frühwald, SWEDEN.................................................................................................................413
Determination of thermal properties of wood and wood
based products by using transient plane source
B. Adl-Zarrabi and L. Boström, SWEDEN ...................................................................................419
Testing and modelling size effects in spruce fracture specimens
S. Vasic & al., SERBIA AND MONTENEGRO.............................................................................425
Structural use of steam bent timber in a guardrail
J. Van De Kuilen and B. Koppenens, NETHERLANDS................................................................429
Compression perpendicular to the grain
H. Blass and R. Görlacher, GERMANY........................................................................................435
Water absorption of heat-treated pine and spruce
S. Metsä-Kortelainen, FINLAND..................................................................................................441
Building physics
Timber frame house construction without vapour barrier
F. Moonen and H. Schellen, NETHERLANDS .............................................................................445
Heat and moisture buffering capacity of massive wood construction
S. Hameury, SWEDEN..................................................................................................................451
Modeling moisture exposure on timber structures
M. Häglund, T. Isaksson and J. Holst, SWEDEN .........................................................................457
Experiments, loads and dynamic actions
Experimental and analytical deformations of the wood-framed building under lateral load
M. Malesza, C. Miedzialowski and J. Malesza, POLAND............................................................463
Structural monitoring of timber buildings: Overview of work in Canada
I. Smith, M. Mohammad and K. Dick, CANADA..........................................................................469
Dynamic analysis of heavy timber structures with friction dampers
C. Eiden & al., USA ......................................................................................................................475
Environmental load paths in a wood light-frame industrial shed
G. Doudak & al., CANADA ..........................................................................................................481
Small-Diameter Ponderosa Pine Roundwood in Compression
D. Larson, R. Wolfe and R. Mirth, USA........................................................................................487
Moment resistance of traditional wooden structure by dynamic and static tests
M. Maeno, Y. Suzuki and S. Saito, JAPAN....................................................................................493
Performance of plated trusses
P. Paevere & al., AUSTRALIA .....................................................................................................499
Hurricane wind damage prediction for wood residential construction in the United States
Y. Li and B. Ellingwood, USA.......................................................................................................505
Glue-laminated structures
Short term fracture of glulam at tension perpendicular to grain
G. Dill-Langer and S. Aicher, GERMANY....................................................................................511
A pseudo-ductile approach design of glued laminated timber beams
M. Senno, M. Piazza and R. Tomasi, ITALY.................................................................................517
Prediction of stiffness values of structural glued-laminated beams
C. Ong & al., MALAYSIA .............................................................................................................523
The influence of nail ductility on the capacity of a glulam truss structure
L. Stehn and K. Börjes, SWEDEN.................................................................................................531
Performance of composite structures
A simplified approach for long-term evaluation of timber-concrete composite beams
M. Fragiacomo and A. Ceccotti, ITALY .......................................................................................537
Design of solid wood panels with cross layers
P. Fellmoser and H. Blass, GERMANY........................................................................................543
Tests and analytical evaluation of a composite flooring system
M. Benitez, AUSTRALIA ...............................................................................................................549
Timber-concrete floor in existing constructions
J. Raadschelders, NETHERLANDS..............................................................................................555
Tests in timber-LWAC composite beams with screw-type fasteners
L.Jorge, H. Cruz and S. Lopes, PORTUGAL................................................................................559
Effect of hygroscopic treatments on dimensional stability of I-joists
R. Tang, USA................................................................................................................................565
Durability and renovation
Structural durability of exposed timber
R. Leicester & al., AUSTRALIA....................................................................................................571
Vulnerability of timber buildings to climatic changes
P. Morlier, FRANCE.....................................................................................................................577
Biodeterioration effects on nailed connections
S. Kent & al., USA ........................................................................................................................583
Timber cladding on the coastal fringe of north-west Europe
I. Davies, B. Choo and A. Stupart, UNITED KINGDOM.............................................................589
Development of preservation methods for laminated veneer lumber
J. Christmas, T. Smith and J. Romero, NEW ZEALAND..............................................................595
Connection design in old timber trusses
C. Perry, USA...............................................................................................................................601
Glue-laminated structures
Bending strength of large dimension structural glued laminated composed of
Japanese larch lumber
W. Kambe, JAPAN ........................................................................................................................607
Keynotes
Indoor air quality in a wooden house
T. Ojanen, M. Salonvaara and C. Simonson, FINLAND..............................................................1
The Sibelius Hall – architecture and engineering
K. Lintula, H. Tikka and M. Kairi, FINLAND ..............................................................................7
Modern Finnish wooden town
J. Koiso-Kanttila, FINLAND ........................................................................................................13
Acoustics considerations in the construction of Sibelius Hall
C. Storch, USA ..............................................................................................................................19
Wood in architecture
Lukas Lang adaptable modular architecture
J. Prutscher, AUSTRIA .................................................................................................................27
In search of urban log architecture
J. Heikkilä, FINLAND...................................................................................................................33
New Zealand timber architecture
G. Loehlein, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES.....................................................................................39
“Trabocchi”: A sustainable technology for marine environment
D. Radogna and M. Forlani, ITALY .............................................................................................45
The Winter Gardens, Sheffield, UK
R. Hennessy and R. Harris, UNITED KINGDOM........................................................................51
The surface properties of aspen timber, an architectural approach
H. Metsälä, FINLAND ..................................................................................................................57
Openings in a log wall, the significance of construction techniques to architecture
J. Jokelainen, FINLAND...............................................................................................................63
An overview of wood construction in China
W. Liu and H. Yang, CHINA.........................................................................................................69
Tectonic studies on wooden arched bridge and wooden drum tower,
as the cases of span and height in Chinese wooden structure tradition
C. Zhao and J. Feng, CHINA........................................................................................................75
The durability of wood as a building material: a historical perspective
K. Larsen, NORWAY.....................................................................................................................83
Authenticity and change, Renovation of old Karelian wooden villages – case Kinnermäki
K. Niskasaari, FINLAND..............................................................................................................89
Design consequences of sustainable building and forestry in Australia
G. Nolan, AUSTRALIA..................................................................................................................95
Why wood is excellent for interior designing ? From vision physical point of view
M. Masuda, JAPAN.......................................................................................................................101
Structural correlations between Dong Race architectures in China
and Japanese ‘Nuki’ construction
Y. Kataoka, K. Komatsu and A. Kitamori, JAPAN .......................................................................107
Case study: Bioclimatic house in Cantercel
M. Flach and C. Frenette, AUSTRIA............................................................................................113
Development of timber framed structures in Germany from 1900 - 2004
S. Winter, GERMANY ...................................................................................................................119
Timber in the national Swiss Expo 02
J.-L. Sandoz, SWITZERLAND.......................................................................................................125
Façade constructýons of tradýtýonal resýdentýal archýtecture ýn the Turkýsh black sea regýon
S. Çakir, TURKEY.........................................................................................................................133
Talking, making & testing - Developing Australian timber design skill
G. Nolan & al., AUSTRALIA ........................................................................................................139
What is the intangible heritage in traditional Finnish wooden buildings?
A. Laurila, FINLAND....................................................................................................................143
Conceptual and structural design of modern wood church
J. Kanocz, SLOVAKIA .................................................................................................................149
The “Trabocchi”: Experimental tests and mathematical models
A. Viskovic, V. Sepe and P. Carusi, ITALY...................................................................................153
Grounds of good neighborhood – structured inquiry research in Finnish wooden towns
R. Suikkari, FINLAND ..................................................................................................................157
Wooden image in interior colourings – the Finnish post-war home
A. Herneoja, FINLAND ................................................................................................................163
Residential timber framing as a “value-added” approach
to private non-industrial forest ownership
J. Peters , P. Clouston and D. Damery, USA................................................................................167
Wood pavilion
R. Mello and J. Melo, BRAZIL......................................................................................................171
Gateway Niagara reception centre: A successful integration
of wood and engineered wood products in non-residential construction
B. Hockey, G. Williams and P. Quenneville, CANADA................................................................175
Design methods and standards
Interacting bending moment and axial force on sawn timber beams
R. Steiger, SWITZERLAND...........................................................................................................179
Testing of traditional connections in green oak carpentry
J. Shanks and P. Walker, UNITED KINGDOM ...........................................................................183
Timber building systems and production methods
New post & beam method – from concept to implementation
W. Lee and N. Ando, JAPAN.........................................................................................................187
Relations within a system - Installing a prefabricated house
A. Falk, SWEDEN .........................................................................................................................191
Rationalized manufacture of structural wood components
N. Rüther and J. Herlyn, GERMANY............................................................................................195
Experimental development of light, temporary structures
C. Sigrist, SWITZERLAND ...........................................................................................................199
Constructive systems using eucalyptus logs for ecological parks in central Brazil
R. Mello and J. Melo, BRAZIL......................................................................................................203
The in-filled wattle and daub walls within chuan-dou timber frames of Taiwan
I. Tsai and M. Hsu, TAIWAN ........................................................................................................207
Suitability of fingerjoined lumber used in parallel-chord wood trusses
R. Desjardins, J. Grandmont and P. Laliberté, CANADA............................................................211
In the research & development project on timber-based hybrid building structures
S. Miyamoto, N. Yamaguchi and K. Miyazawa, JAPAN...............................................................219
Roof constructions of the sport centre in Samobor
V. Rajcic, V. Kazic and E. Šmit, CROATIA ..................................................................................229
Utilizing 3D-computer visualization for communicating aesthetics
of long-span timber structures
H. Janols and L. Stehn, SWEDEN ................................................................................................223
Glue-laminated structures
High quality beech glulam
P. Becker and J. Ressel, GERMANY.............................................................................................227
Performance of shear walls
Study on lateral strength of wooden frame structures
T. Hirasaka, JAPAN......................................................................................................................231
Effect of overdriven-nail-depth combinations on wood shear wall strength
F. Fonseca and J. Judd, USA........................................................................................................235
Implementation of an oriented sheathing-to-framing connector model into CASHEW
F. Fonseca and J. Judd, USA........................................................................................................239
Effect of wood density on structural performance of shear walls
for post and beam construction
M. Okabe & al., JAPAN................................................................................................................243
Viscoelastic polymer hold down device for wood shear walls
D. Dinehart & al., USA.................................................................................................................247
Design lateral resistance of rows of anchor-bolt joints
T. Hirai & al., JAPAN...................................................................................................................251
Evaluation of shear performance of earth-wall as a structural
element in Japanese traditional timber structure
A. Tabuchi and K. Komatsu, JAPAN ............................................................................................255
Deflections of nailed shearwalls and diaphragms
C. Ni and E. Karacabeyli, CANADA ...........................................................................................259
Stiffness and energy degradation of walls constructed with green wood
D. Dinehart, H. Shenton and S. Carlson, USA .............................................................................263
Tests and modelling of strength and stiffness in high
performance structural timber wall elements
J. Vessby, SWEDEN......................................................................................................................267
Connections
Nailed connections between Pinus Pinaster Ait. members
J. Branco and P. Cruz, PORTUGAL ............................................................................................271
Capacity predictions for one and two-row bolted timber connections
M. Reid, J. Shin and P. Quenneville, CANADA............................................................................275
Nailed timber joints with a thick interlayer
H. Johnsson, E. Lukascewska and L. Stehn, SWEDEN ................................................................281
Deformation behaviour of double-sided metal nail plate timber joints
T. Zhou & al., UNITED KINGDOM.............................................................................................285
Viscoelastic polymers improve cyclic performance of wood connections
D. Dinehart, D. Joye, and E. Mendoza, USA................................................................................289
Dowel connections: a general design equation
J.L. Fernandez Cabo, SPAIN........................................................................................................293
Reinforcement of timber joints using wooden dowels and adhesive
K. Hwang, M. Kitagawa and K. Komatsu, JAPAN.......................................................................297
Design method of the knee joints using adhesive for the wooden portal frame structures
M. Noguchi and K. Komatsu, JAPAN ...........................................................................................301
Experimental shear-friction tests on dowel type fastener timber-concrete joints
A. Dias & al., PORTUGAL...........................................................................................................305
Double shear test of bolt joint with steel plate
M. Tanaka and K. Miyazawa, JAPAN ..........................................................................................309
Priority of factors to decide the splitting strength of bolted timber joints
K. Aoki and T. Tsuchimoto, JAPAN..............................................................................................313
Experimental test of the glued bolt joint using threaded steel bars
V. Rajcic, A. Bjelanovic and M. Rak, CROATIA ..........................................................................317
Development of plastic theory for Malaysian timber nailed joints
M. Jumaat and B. Murty, MALAYSIA...........................................................................................321
Moment resisting performance of connection between reinforced concrete and timber
M. Inoue & al., JAPAN .................................................................................................................327
Development of connecting method for natural round bamboo
M. Inoue & al., JAPAN .................................................................................................................331
Development of a new jointing system for post and beam construction
P. Rodd and D. Pope, UNITED KINGDOM.................................................................................335
Fatigue behaviour of lagscrewbolted timber joints
M. Gong, K. Komatsu and M. Nakatani, JAPAN..........................................................................339
Performance of composite structures
Flexural properties of steel and FRP reinforced LVL composites
P. Alam, M. Ansell and D. Smedley, UNITED KINGDOM ..........................................................343
Fatigue and cyclic loading of moment-resisting structures
connected using glued-in GFRP rods
M. Madhoushi and M. Ansell, IRAN / UNITED KINGDOM........................................................347
Effect of metal plate connected joints on strength properties
of rubberwood laminated veneer lumber
D. Yeoh & al., MALAYSIA ............................................................................................................353
Mechanical tests on wood specimens connected by metal plates
V. Corinaldesi, A. Dentamaro and G. Moriconi, ITALY ..............................................................357
FRP reinforced nailed plywood box beam
G. Stamato & al., BRAZIL ............................................................................................................361
Binder-less insulation panel made of wood shavings for wooden frame houses
N. Sekino and Y. Kawamura, JAPAN............................................................................................365
Rigidity of nailed plywood box beams knee joint
G. Stamato and C. Calil Jr, BRAZIL ............................................................................................369
Possible ways of taking over perpendicular stresses
M. Haiman, CROATIA..................................................................................................................373
Wood stressed-skin floor systems -- investigation on stress and load distribution
C. Gerber, K. Crews and C. Sigrist, AUSTRALIA........................................................................377
Multi scale behaviour of a composite floor in static and cyclic loadings
E. Fournely and P. Racher, FRANCE ..........................................................................................383
‘Presol© Floor’, a mixed section floor, gluelam-concrete, for seismic use
R. Montagna & al., ITALY ............................................................................................................389
Shear stress analysis in stress-laminated decks
A. Mokotemapa, M. Salomon and O. Ayina, CAMEROON..........................................................393
Bridges
The first stress-laminated timber bridge in brazil
T. Fernandes da Fonte and C. Calil Jr, BRAZIL..........................................................................397
Orthotropic stress-laminated truss plate for timber bridges construction
A. Cheung and C. Calil Jr, BRAZIL..............................................................................................401
Construction of Brazil’s first cable stayed stress-laminated timber footbridge
E. Pletz & al., BRAZIL..................................................................................................................405
Numerical simulation of a cable-stayed footbridge based
on a calibrated numerical finite element model
E. Pletz & al., BRAZIL..................................................................................................................409
Reinforcement of glued laminated timber beams by CFRP and its application to bridges
H.Hirasawa & al., JAPAN............................................................................................................413
Loading tests of two log beams for road bridges
H. Watanabe and K. Komatsu, JAPAN.........................................................................................417
Experimental calibration of rigidity parameters in stress-laminated decks
M. Giuliano, P. Dechent and P. Cendoya, CHILE .......................................................................421
The first composed log-concrete deck bridge in Brazil
J. Pigozzo, C. Calil Jr and F. Lahr, BRAZIL................................................................................425
Timber road bridge built using sugi glulam with a low specific gravity
Y. Iimura & al., JAPAN ................................................................................................................429
Seismic performance of timber buildings
The tube connection in seismic active areas
A. Leijten & al., THE NETHERLANDS........................................................................................433
Towards damage-limiting seismic design of wood shearwalls
J. van de Lindt, USA .....................................................................................................................437
Evaluation of seismic performance of timber structures
with shear walls by pseudo-dynamic tests
M. Yasumura, JAPAN ...................................................................................................................441
Earthquake resistant capacity and elasto-plastic dynamic
collapse behaviors of timber shear walls
K. Ishikawa, JAPAN......................................................................................................................445
Development of response control techniques for timber frame structures
Y. Wakashima & al., JAPAN.........................................................................................................449
Seismic performance of Japanese wooden pagodas
A. Uchida & al., JAPAN ...............................................................................................................453
Development of dampers for response controlled wooden houses
S. Sonoda & al., JAPAN................................................................................................................457
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME III b
A study on microtremor measurements of timber structure
on Japanese traditional dwelling houses
K. Kohara & al., JAPAN...............................................................................................................461
Evaluation of seismic performance based on statistical
research for actual wooden dwelling houses in Japan
M. Agawa and K.Miyazawa, JAPAN ............................................................................................465
Full-scale shaking table tests of two-storey wooden dwelling houses in Japan
K.Miyazawa, A. Nishimura and S. Miyamoto, JAPAN .................................................................469
Fire resistance of timber buildings
Fire performance of laminated veneer lumber (LVL)
W. Lane, A. Buchanan and P. Moss, NEW ZEALAND.................................................................473
National fire regulations limit the use of wood in buildings
B. Östman, SWEDEN....................................................................................................................479
Notional versus one-dimensional charring rates of timber
J. König, SWEDEN .......................................................................................................................483
A feasibility study of multi-storey timber-based construction with fire protection systems
H. Isoda & al., JAPAN..................................................................................................................487
Acoustics and vibration of timber buildings
Relevant physical acoustics characteristics of spruce wood
as a material for musical instruments
A. Danihelova, SLOVAKIA ...........................................................................................................491
Effectiveness of increase in sub-floor thickness on improving vibrational
serviceability of wood-based floors
L. Hu and Y. Chui, CANADA........................................................................................................495
Influence of between-joist bracing elements
on static deflection and frequency response of a joisted wood floor
A. Khokhar & al., CANADA .........................................................................................................499
Study of structure-borne sound through different types of junctions
Å. Bolmsvik, P. Hammer and T. Alsmarker, SWEDEN ................................................................503
Structural characteristics of wooden floating floor and wooden floor
J. Nam and N. Ando, JAPAN ........................................................................................................507
Enviromental aspect
Study of habitations commercialized in São Paulo-Brazil: Impacts in the environment
R. Bittencourt, BRAZIL .................................................................................................................513
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME III b
Development of new recycle system of used lumber from dismantled wooden house
K. Tanaka & al., JAPAN...............................................................................................................517
Sustainable developments in timber frame construction
R. Hairstans, A Kermani and R. Lawson, UNITED KINGDOM..................................................521
Building physics
Influence of time and moisture on distortion of partition walls
M. Bäckström and R. Kliger, SWEDEN........................................................................................525
Moisture transfer interaction between wood products and indoor air
S. Koponen, FINLAND..................................................................................................................529
Capillary water up-take of external wooden panels
H. Tyrväinen, FINLAND...............................................................................................................533
Comparison of condensation risk calculations in wooden
framework constructions by two different methods
O. Belindzeva-Korkla, A. Kreslins and A. Borodinecs, LATVIA ..................................................537
Experiments, loads and dynamic actions
Monitoring wind load paths in a wood light-frame house
G. Doudak & al., CANADA ..........................................................................................................541
The effects of the combination of three dimensional
input motions on the collapsing process of wooden conventional houses –
shaking table tests of real-size models
M. Koshihara & al., JAPAN .........................................................................................................545
Timber frame and structural insulated panel building design concepts
D. Carradine, F. Woeste and J. Dolan, USA...............................................................................549
Calculation of the response of historical framed walls in South Balkan
N. Hatzitrifon, GREECE ...............................................................................................................553
Fatigue in wood under pulsating multiaxial-combined loading I
M. Yamasaki and Y. Sasaki, JAPAN .............................................................................................557
Fatigue in wood under pulsating multiaxial-combined loading II
Y. Sasaki and M. Yamasaki, JAPAN .............................................................................................561
Automatic software for deciding characteristics of load-displacement curves
M. Karube, JAPAN........................................................................................................................565
Method for modelling dynamic response of timber frame building
B. Dujic and R. Zarnic, SLOVENIA..............................................................................................569
WCTE 2004 LIST OF CONTENTS
VOLUME III b
Durability and renovation
Investigation of wood roof trusses: Chicago schools 1890 – 1929
C. Perry, USA...............................................................................................................................573
Visual assessment of the deterioration and structural conditions
of timber members used in a beach chalet in Malaysia
A.R. Malek, M. Shukari and S. Lim, MALAYSIA ..........................................................................577
Aging process influence upon the wood composite structure and features
H. Pokrovskaja, T. Beltsova and I. Koteneva, RUSSIA ................................................................583
Material properties and quality
Sample size effects in engineering predictions of wood strength
L. Ozola, LATVIA.........................................................................................................................587
Free cupping of cladding boards caused by capillary penetration:
an experimental study of untreated and heat-treated boards
J. Virta, FINLAND........................................................................................................................591
The effect of compression wood on timber quality
T. Reynolds, G. Moore and V. Enjily, UNITED KINGDOM ........................................................595
Influence of compression wood on MOE and MOR
M. Johansson and M. Warensjö, SWEDEN..................................................................................599
Strength and stiffness evaluation of Eucalyptus citriodora piles in Brazil
A. Miná , A. Dias and C. Calil Jr., BRAZIL.................................................................................603
Investigations on the influence of the key parameters
affecting the finger-jointing process
C. Bustos & al., CHILE ................................................................................................................607
On the compressive strength of timber in bending
M. Brunner, SWITZERLAND........................................................................................................611
Effect of knots on shear strength of Douglas-fir using shear blocks
R. Gupta, C. Basta and S. Kent, USA............................................................................................615
Effect of a longitudinal crack on the strength properties of a wooden beam
D. Ouis, SWEDEN ........................................................................................................................619
Creep and duration of load properties
Long term creep and creep recovery of timber beams
D. Pope and H. Abdul-Wahab, UNITED KINGDOM ..................................................................623
Creep of various structural members in ambient conditions:
estimation of deflections considering initial moisture content
S. Aratake and T. Arima, JAPAN..................................................................................................627
Stress relaxation and failure behaviour under swelling
and shrinkage loads in transverse directions
S. Koponen and J. Virta, FINLAND..............................................................................................631
Effect of duration of load on slip of connections and displacements
of wall diaphragm in the wood-framed building
C. Miedzialowski and M. Malesza, POLAND...............................................................................635
Engineered wood products
A new OSB-product with high characteristic values to be used in constructions
R. Katzengruber, G. Schickhofer and J. Koppelhuber, AUSTRIA................................................639
Wood panels with thin low buckling resistance sheeting
M. Kessel and M. Sandau-Wietfeldt, GERMANY .........................................................................643
Characteristic values of mechanical properties of radiata pine plywood
F. Arriaga and F. Peraza, SPAIN.................................................................................................647
Research on manufacture and mechanical properties
of binderless board from demolition wood
M. Sato, JAPAN ............................................................................................................................651
Experimental characterisation of eucalyptus plywood according to EN789
D. Lopes and J. Faria, PORTUGAL.............................................................................................655
Manufacturing conditions for binderless boards from Kenaf core
and their self-bonding mechanism
N. Okuda, K. Hori and M. Sato, JAPAN.......................................................................................659
Flange width contribution to shear strength in engineered I-joists
R. Brown and A. Kermani, UNITED KINGDOM.........................................................................663
Education in timber engineering and construction
Teaching and research on wood at NTNU, Norway
P. Hovde, NORWAY......................................................................................................................667
European timber-house-expert (EU-Programme Leonardo-da-Vinci)
H. Zeitter, GERMANY...................................................................................................................671
Grading and non-destructive testing
Strength grading of hardwoods
K. Frühwald and G. Schickhofer, AUSTRIA.................................................................................675
Non-destructive evaluation of Chinese Fir plantation wood strength
Y. Yin & al., CHINA.....................................................................................................................681
Evaluation of load carrying capacity of old timber structures
F. Arriaga and M. Esteban, SPAIN ..............................................................................................685
Evaluation of structural safety for wooden cultural properties using NDT
J. Lee & al., KOREA.....................................................................................................................689
The quantitative criterion for evaluating wood decayed by brown rot fungi using NDE
J. Lee & al., KOREA.....................................................................................................................693
Application of drill resistance method on evaluating
the compressive strength of wooden components
Y. Tseng and M. Hsu, TAIWAN.....................................................................................................697
Estimation of modulus of wooden components by using non-destructive testing strategy
P. Tsai, C. Chen, M. Hsu and Y. Yeh, TAIWAN............................................................................701
New technologies for wooden poles network asset management
J.-L. Sandoz and Y. Benoit, SWITZERLAND................................................................................705