Design of Canal Distributary With Hydraulic Fall

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Design of CanalDistributary with

Hydraulic Fall


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Design of Canal Distributary with Hydraulic FallA ProjectSubmitted by

Mohammad Asphaq Alam

Gyanchand

Arif Khan

Ataur Rahman

Danish

WasimSabha Karim

Under the Supervision of

Dr. Saif Sayeed

`

Department of Civil Engineering

Faculty of Engineering and Tecnhnology

Jamia Millia Islamia

New Delhi- 110025


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INTRODUCTION

Whenever, the natural slope of the country is steeperthan the longitudinal slope provided in the irrigation

channel, the difference is adjusted by constructing

vertical drops or falls at suitable intervals. The

location of a fall on a channel depends on thetopography of the country through which the channel

passes. In case of the main canal which does no

directly irrigate the any area the site of a fall is

determined by consideration of economy in cost ofexcavation in the channel. In case of branch or

distributary channel, the falls are located with

consideration to command area.


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Objective

Design of Canal distributarywith hydraulic fall structuremust satisfy basic requirement.

The two basic requirements:-stability to prevent up thrustpressure and underground

piping forms


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Methodology

Hydraulic design of canal falls

Design of sharda type fall

Above these two depend on the basis ofmeter and non-meter falls, flumed orunflumed falls


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Types of Falls

Various types of falls and differentshapes, length and height of crest,

have been tried one after other since

the 19th

century when large irrigationproject like the Ganga, the Kaveri and

the Eastern and Western canals were

constructed


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Ogee fall

An ogee curve (combination of convex and

concave curve) provided for carrying canal

water from higher level to lower level.

Fall is recommended when natural ground

surface suddenly changes to a steeper slopealong the alignment of the canal.

Fall consists of a concrete vertical wall and

concrete bed.

Over the concrete bed the rubble masonry isprovided in the shape of ogee curve.

Upstream and downstream of the fall is

protected by stone pitching.


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Rapid fall

When slope of the natural groundsurface is even and long.

Consists of long glacis with

longitudinal slope.Curtain walls are provided on the

upstream and downstream side of

the sloping glacis.


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Trapezoidal notch fall Body wall is constructed across the canal.

Body wall consists of several trapezoidalnotches between side piers andintermediate piers.

Notches are kept at the upstream bedlevel of canal.

Body wall is constructed with masonry orconcrete.


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Vertical drop fall

Consists of vertical drop wall constructedwith masonry work.

Water flows over the crest of wall.

Concrete floor provided on downstreamside to control scouring effect.

Curtain wall provided on upstream anddownstream side.

This type falls provided at Sardar canal,UP. Hence known as sardar fall.


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Design of distributary canal A network of canals is required to carry water from

source i.e headworks (storage reservoir or diversion weir) to destination ie fields.

Classification of canals Based on size/source 1. Main canal

2. Branch canal

3. Major distributaries 4. Minor distributaries

5. Water course/field channel

Based on alignment 1. Watershed canal

2. Contour canal 3. Side slope canal

Based on canal surface 1. Rigid boundary canals

2. Loose boundary canals


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Design of Fall Irrigation structures (or hydraulic

structures) for the diversion anddistribution works are weirs, barrages,head regulators, distributaries head

regulators, cross regulators, crossdrainage works, canal falls, etc. In northIndia, these structures are generallyfounded on alluvial soils which are highlypervious. Moreover, these soils are easilyscoured when the high velocity waterpasses over the structures.


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Conclusion


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Survey Drawing selection of site and location

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Design of Canal Distributary With Hydraulic Fall