Design study of a stand-alone desalination system powered by RES and a pumped storage unit

7/23/2019 Design study of a stand-alone desalination system powered by RES and a pumped storage unit

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Dhsekm study fg l stlmd-lcfmh dhslcemltefm systha pfwhrhd oy rhmhwloch hmhrky

sfurjhs lmd l puaphd stfrlkh umet

Eflmmes D. Zpyrfu, Ifbm Z. Lmlkmfstfpfucfs

Zjbffc fg Ahjblmejlc Hmkemhhremk/Gcueds Zhjtefm, Mltefmlc Thjbmejlc Xmevhrsety fg Ltbhms, 5 Bhrffm ^fcythjbmefu lvh., Yfkrlgfu, Ltbhms, Krhhjh

l o s t r l j tl r t e j c h e m g f

Lrtejch bestfry9

_hjhevhd >5

_hjhevhd em rhveshd gfra ?> Ghorulry ?>Ljjhpthd ?: Ghorulry ?>

Lvlecloch fmcemh ?5 Alrjb ?>

@hywfrds9

Ztlmd-lcfmh dhslcemltefm

[emd pfwhr

^bftfvfctlejs

^uaphd stfrlkh

^clmt fphrltefm seaucltefm

Dhsekm fpteaezltefm

Tbh lea fg tbes wfr` es tf emvhsteklth em dhtlec tbh fpteaua dhsekm lmd fphrltefm strlthky fg l stlmd-lcfmh

byored dhslcemltefm sjbhah, jlploch tf guccc tbh grhsb wlthr dhalmd fg lm esclmd fr ftbhr rhafth jflstlc

rhkefms. Tbh sjbhah jfmsests fg l rhvhrsh-fsafses dhslcemltefm umet pfwhrhd oy wemd lmd sfclr hchjtrejety

prfdujtefm systhas lmd oy l puaphd stfrlkh umet.

L sphjej jfaputhr lckfretba es dhvhcfphd tf seauclth em dhtlec tbh hmterh pclmt fphrltefm lmd lcsf tf

phrgfra hjfmfaej hvlcultefm fg tbh emvhstahmt. L stfjblstej fpteaezltefm sfgtwlrh olshd fm hvfcutefmlry

lckfretbas es eapchahmthd tf ljjfapcesb dhsekm fpteaezltefm studehs fg tbh pclmt gfr vlrefus foihjtevhs, ce`h

tbh aemeaezltefm fg grhsb wlthr prfdujtefm jfst fr tbh alxeaezltefm fg wlthr mhhds sltesgljtefm.

Aesjhcclmhfus plrlahtrej studehs lrh lcsf jfmdujthd em frdhr tf lmlcyzh tbh hgghjts fg vlrefus jretejlc

plrlahthrs, ls pfpucltefm, wlthr prejemk, wlthr dhalmd sltesgljtefm rlth lmd pbftfvfctlejs jfst lrh.

Tbh rhsucts dhafmstrlth mft fmcy tbh phrgfralmjh, tbh rfch lmd tbh jfmtreoutefm fg hljb suosystha out lcsf

tbh prfdujtefm lmd hjfmfaej rhsucts fg tbh wbfch pclmt. Lm fptealccy dhsekmhd sjbhah es gfumd tf oh

hjfmfaejlccy veloch emvhstahmt, lctbfukb hmhrky rhihjtefms lrh sekmejlmt lmd tbhrh es l jchlr mhhd gfr ohtthr

hxpcfetltefm fg rhmhwloch hmhrky prfdujtefm surpcus.

?> Hcshvehr O.W. Lcc rekbts rhshrvhd.

Hcshvehr O.W. Lcc rekbts rhshrvhd.

dfe9..>?.>::

Jfmthmts cests lvlecloch lt ZjehmjhDerhjt

Dhslcemltefm

i f u r m l c b f a h p l k h 9 w w w. h c s hv e h r. j f a / c f j l t h / d h s l c
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.033http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00119164http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00119164http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.02.033mailto:[email protected]


2/13

P


3/13

ushr. Em tbh prhshmt study xhd qulmtetehs emjcudh tbh bydrlucej bhld

(bhrh 4>> a), tbh pephcemh deahmsefms, tbh muaohr fg puaps lmd

turoemhs, lmd tbh teah-vlreltefm jurvhs fg wemd sphhd lmd sfclr

rldeltefm. Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, tbh sezh fg lcc alem systha jfapfmhmts

(dhslcemltefm umet, wemd lmd pbftfvfctlej plr`s,puapemk lmd turoememk

systhas, rhshrvfers lmd grhsb wlthr tlm`), jfmstetuths tbh grhh dhsekm

vlrelochs. Gemlccy, sfah jretejlc plrlahthrs ce`h tbh rhsedhmt pfpucltefm,

tbh wlthr dhalmd sltesgljtefm rlth lmd tbh pbftfvfctlejs (^W) jfst lrh

lcsf emtrfdujhd lmd hxlaemhd em tbh prhshmt wfr . Dhtlechd dhsjreptefmfg tbh alem systha plrlahthrs, lcfmk wetb tbher thjbmejlc lmd

fphrltefmlc jfmstrejtefms, es kevhm ohcfw.

:.


4/13

prfdujtefm,^M[T, lmd tbh tftlc wemd glra prfdujtefm, ^[T(fr H[Tem

`[ b),es jlcjuclthd oy tbhgfccfwemk hqultefms, wbhrh[T es tbh wemdglra's tftlc hgjehmjy9

^[T 1 H[T 1 [T`^M[T ;

`1 ^[0E^A[T

9 2

Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, tbh pfwhr prfdujtefm oy tbh ^W lrrly, ^ W(fr

H W em `[ b), es jfaputhd oy Hq. (5), lssuaemk tblt tbhrh lrh M Wedhmtejlc ^W plmhcs fg l sphjej mfaemlc pfwhr ^M^Whljb, lvhrlkh

hgjehmjy W, lmd plmhc's lrhlL.

^ W1 H W1 ^WM WLK9 5

Tbh tftlc emstlcchd pbftfvfctlej pfwhr es jfmsedhrhd ls l grhh

vlreloch fg tbh systha lmd es kevhm oy9

^ W0E 1 M W^M^W9

Em hvhry teah-sthp fg tbh pclmt fphrltefm seaucltefm, tbh tftlc _HZ

prfdujtefm,^_HZ, es tbh sua fg wemd turoemhs lmd ^W prfdujtefm9

^_HZ 1 H_HZ 1 ^ W+ ^[T9 % fg tbh mfaemlc pfwhr cfld, ^AT. Tbhrhgfrh, tbh

bfurcy wlthr fw, \T (a:), tbrfukb tbh bydrfturoemh es jfaputhd ls9

\T 1 ^BTTkBT

:7>>


5/13

Gek. 8.Gcfw jblrt fg tbh pclmt fphrltefm lckfretba.


6/13

umet, prfvedhd tblt tbhrh es lm hapty spljh em tbh grhsb wlthr tlm`,

mlahcy^TLM@,GM>, wbhrh9

^TLM@0G 1 WTJWT ZDJ9 frW_1W_J), wbhrh9

^X^_0G 1 k W_JW_ BTT ?>

lmd W_ es tbh jurrhmt wlthr vfcuah jfmthmt, tbhm tbh _HZ hmhrky

surpcus es rhihjthd, ls lcsf wbhm ^_HZhxjhhds tbh emstlcchd puapemk

pfwhr.

Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, tbh bydrfturoemh es sht tf fphrlth em jlsh fg

dhslcemltefm pfwhr sbfrtlkh (^MM>), out lcsf wbhm tbh grhsb wlthr

chvhc em tbh tlm` drfps ohcfw tbh ceaet WTK1>.5WTJ, mlahcy9

^TLM@0K 1 WTKWT ZDJ M>9 ?, frW_1 >.

:.:. Thjbmf-hjfmfaej hvlcultefm

Lt tbh hmd fg tbh seauclthd phrefd fg pclmt fphrltefm (fmh yhlr) lcc

thjbmejlc lmd hjfmfaej hvlcultefm emdejltfrs lrh jfaputhd. Lt tbes

shjtefm, tbh afst eapfrtlmt lmd tbfsh tblt wecc oh prhshmthd lmd

desjusshd em tbh rhsucts lrh dhmhd.

:.:.

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JG[ 1

2;7>

i 1 ?7

JGT 1

2;7>i 1 ?;

wbhrh ^ W,E, ^[,E lmd ^T,E lrh tbh jfrrhspfmdemk emstlcchd pfwhr,rhsphjtevhcy, lmd tbh rhst pfwhr syaofcs rhprhshmt bfurcy vlcuhs.

:.:.?. Hjfmfaej hvlcultefm

Tbh dhvhcfphd lckfretba emjcudhs haperejlc hqultefms grfa tbh

cethrlturhP?:?8Q(sfah fg tbha updlthd usemk rhjhmt lvlecloch dltl),

em frdhr tf jlcjuclth tbh emvhstahmt jfst (purjblsh lmd jfmstrujtefm)fg

hljb suosystha, ls whcc ls tbh fphrltefm lmd alemthmlmjh jfst fg tbh

pclmt. Hljb jfst dhphmds hetbhr fm l plrlahthr's vlcuh fr lm fphrltefm

qulmtety tblt jfahs up grfa tbh seaucltefm. Em tbh gfccfwemk rhcltefms

pfwhr es ahlsurhd em `[, wlthr vfcuah em a: lmd jfsts em .

[emd turoemhs

Emvhstahmt jfst9 EJ[1> ^[,EF&A jfst9 FA[1>.>? EJ[

^bftfvfctlejs

Emvhstahmt jfst9 EJ W17>>> ^ W,EF&A jfst9 FA W1>.>? EJ W

Dhslcemltefm (rhvhrsh fsafses)

Xmet emvhstahmt jfst9 EJD1??;> DGJ>.2;8

Tlm` jfst9 EJT15>.2WTJ>.7.7[L^

[bhrh [Lês tbh tftlc grhsb wlthr prfdujtefm9

[L^ 12;7>i 1 >^T,E>.42

ûaps emvhstahmt jfst9 EJ 1M > ^ ,E>.2?

_hshrvfers emvhstahmt jfst9 EJ_1?4?> W_J>.;.

Tbh peph emvhstahmt jfst, EJ E^H, es jfmsedhrhd ls tbh suaalry fg

althrelc, whcdemk, lmd jfltemk jfsts, wbejb lrh jfaputhd ls gumjtefmfg tbh peph deahmsefms, wbhrhls tbh cltthr es fptealccy shchjthd grfa

stlmdlrdezhd tlochs dhphmdemk fm tbh wlthr fw rlth lmd bhld.

Ftbhr jfsts (hchjtrej lmd hchjtrfmej hquepahmt,umprhdejtlochs,htj.)9

EJFTBH_1 > 9? EJBT + EJ + EJ_+ EJ E^H 9

ûaphdstfrlkh suosystha tftlc jfst9 EJ Z1 EJBT+ EJ + EJ_+ EJ E^H+

EJFTBH_F&A jfst9 FA Z1>.>? EJ Z.

Tftlc jfsts fg tbh pclmt

Zystha emvhstahmt jfst9 EJZUZTHA1 EJ[+ EJ W+ EJDHZ+ EJ Z

Zystha F&A jfst9 FAZUZTHA1 FA[+ FA W+FADHZ+ FA Z.

)


7/13

Tbh hjfmfaej hvlcultefm fg tbh emvhstahmt es olshd fm tbh sphjej

wlthr prfdujtefm jfst lmd tbh dymlaej emdhx fg Emthrmlc _hturm _lth

(E__). Tbh lmmulc wlthr prfdujtefm jfst es fotlemhd ls tbh sua fg tbh

lmmulc dhprhjeltefm, DL, fg tbh tftlc emvhstahmt jfsts pcus tbh tftlc

F&A jfst. Tbhm, tbh sphjej wlthr jfst es jfaputhd ls9

[ J 1 DL + FAZUZTHA

[L^?5

DL 1 EJZUZTHAr

wbhrhres tbh desjfumt rlth lmdm es tbh pclmt's cegh jyjch. Tbh sphjej

wlthr jfst wecc oh jfaplrhd tf tbh jurrhmt wlthr trlmspfrtltefm jfst.

E__emdhx es fotlemhd ls tbh sfcutefm fg tbh hqultefm9

m

i 1 >

Oi

< +E__ i 1EJZUZTHA +

m

i 1 > `[. Jfmjhrmemk tbh rhshrvfers, l mht jlpljety fg 4>,>>> a : wls

jbfshm tblt jfrrhspfmds tf lofut : dlys fg jfmtemufus turoemh

prfdujtefm. Lcc tbh lofvh dltl lrh tlouclthd em Tloch ? (_hghrhmjh

systha).

Krlpbs fg pclmt phrgfralmjh duremk l typejlc wemthr whh` lmd l

typejlc suaahr whh` lrh prhshmthd em Geks. 7 lmd ;, sbfwemk tbh

hmhrky prfdujtefm lmd hxpcfetltefm lmd tbh wlthr mhhds sltesgljtefm

oy dhslcemltefm.

Em tbh wemthr tbh hmhrky es prfdujhd afstcy oy wemd turoemhs

(Gek. 7l), wbhrhls bydrfturoemh dfhs mft fphrlth lt lcc. [lthr mhhds

lrh salcc lmd tbhy lrh guccy slteshd hvhm em phrefds fg cfw

dhslcemltefm prfdujtefm (Gek. 7o), wbech tbh grhsb wlthr tlm` rhalems

lcafst gucc (Gek. 7d). Ls l rhsuct, l clrkh phrjhmtlkh fg _HZ prfdujtefmjlmmft oh hetbhr ushd fr stfrhd, lmd et es rhihjthd (Gek. 7j).

Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, duremk tbh suaahr-whh` rhsucts fgGek. ;tbh

wlthr dhalmd es bekbhr, lmd tbh bydrfturoemh es jfmtemufuscy ushd tf

suppchahmt tbh dhslcemltefm pfwhr (Gek. ;l), ls cfmk ls tbhrh es

lvlecloch bydrlucej hmhrky stfrhd em tbh upphr rhshrvfer (Gek. ;d).

Mhvhrtbhchss, tbh wlthr mhhds lrh mft tftlccy slteshd, lmd tbhrh hxest

jhrtlem bfurs hvhry dly wbhm tbh grhsb wlthr tlm` haptehs (Gek. ;o

lmd d). Tbes prfocha ohjfahs wfrsh tfwlrds tbh hmd fg tbh whh`,

duh tf tbh rhdujhd wemd prfdujtefm (Gek. ;l). Tbh fmcy pfsetevh hgghjt

es tblt hmhrky rhihjtefms lrh mfw aemealc, semjh tbh _HZ prfdujtefm

surpcus jlm oh puaphd lmd stfrhd tf tbh upphr rhshrvfer (Gek. ;j).

Grfa qulmtetltevh pfemt fg vehw, tbh phrgfralmjh fg tbh rhghrhmjh

systha jlm oh hvlculthd grfa tbh rhsucts em tbh jfrrhspfmdemk jfcuam

fgTloch :, wbejb whrh fotlemhd oy tbh seaucltefm lckfretbagfr l yhlrcy

fphrltefm fg tbh systha. Et es jfmjcudhd tblt tbh hxlaemhd systha es

jlploch tf sltesgy tbh esclmd's wlthr dhalmd lt l bekb dhkrhh (5>.:%),

out mft guccy. Lcsf, l jfmsedhrloch plrt (:5.8%) fg tbh _HZ prfdujtefm

jlmmft hetbhr oh jfmsuahd gfr dhslcemltefm fr stfrhd, lmd tbh jlpljety

gljtfrs fg lcc tbrhh khmhrltfrs lrh cfw. Bydrfturoemh plrtejepltefm em

dhslcemltefm pfwhremk es mft sf strfmk (


9/13

ohhm sujjhssguccy ushd oy fmh fg tbh lutbfrs em vlrefus prhvefus

studehsPQ.

4.?.>> rhsedhmts es fpteaezhd sf

ls tf aemeaezh tbh sphjej wlthr prfdujtefm jfst, [ J, wbech tbh

jfvhrlkh fg tbh lmmulc wlthr mhhds es `hpt lcafst hqulc tf tbh

rhghrhmjh systha phrgfralmjh (5>%). Tbh jfmvhrkhmjh rlth fg tbh

fpteaezhr es sbfwm emGek. 2. [edh vlreltefm ceaets whrh ushd gfr lcc

dhsekm vlrelochs, lmd gfr tbes rhlsfm l krhlt muaohr fg lofut >>

hvlcultefms es rhquerhd tf aemeaezh tbh jfst gumjtefm vlcuh. L semkch

hvlcultefm es tl`hm lgthr seaucltemk tbh hmterh systha fphrltefm gfr l

phrefd fg fmh yhlr. Tbh fotlemhd fptealc vlcuhs fg tbh dhsekm

plrlahthrs, ls whcc ls tbh afst eapfrtlmt phrgfralmjhlmd hjfmfaej

emdhxhs fg tbh sf-jlcchd Zystha L lrh jfmjhmtrlthd emTlochs ? lmd :,

rhsphjtevhcy, em jfaplresfm tf tbh rhghrhmjh systha rhsucts.

Tbh fptealc systha hxbeoets l jfmsedhrlocy rhdujhd wlthr

prfdujtefm jfst (?.>;/a:), jfaplrhd tf tbh rhghrhmjh dhsekm

jfrrhspfmdemk jfst (?.8:/a:, Tloch :). Tbes klem jfahs alemcy

grfa tbh salcchr emstlcchd sezh fg tbh puaphd stfrlkh systha

(Tloch ?), wbejb es mfw aujb ohtthr hxpcfethd (jlpljety gljtfr fg

bydrfturoemh,Tloch :). Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, tbh fpteaua pfwhr fg tbh

wemd glra es 8>% emjrhlshd, out ets jlpljety gljtfr rhdujhs. Bhmjh,

grfa tbh hmhrky pfemt fg vehw tbh fpteaua systha hxbeoets chss _HZ

hxpcfetltefm lmd emjrhlshd hmhrky rhihjtefms (Tloch :).

Em l shjfmd fpteaezltefm study tbh dhserhd wlthr dhalmd

sltesgljtefm ceaet gfr tbh slah pfpucltefm es sht lt l aujb bekbhr

chvhc, 55.8%, lmd tbh rhsucts lrh lcsf kevhm em tbh clst jfcuams fgTlochs ? lmd :(Zystha O). Jfaplrhd tf tbh prhvefus fptealc Zystha

L, tbh fotlemhd Zystha O jfmkurltefm bls l clrkhr dhslcemltefm umet

lmd wemd glra pfwhr. Afrhfvhr, em frdhr tf kulrlmthh tbh lofvh

grhsb wlthr sugjehmjy, tbh fptealc sezh fg oftb bydrlucej turoemh lmd

rhshrvfers lrh mfw fotlemhd aujb clrkhr (Tloch ?). Ls l rhsuct, tbh

jlpljety gljtfrs fg khmhrltfrs (wemd lmd bydrfturoemhs) lrh mft

sltesgljtfry. Em ftbhr wfrds, tbh systha es rltbhr fvhrsezhd, out tbes es

mhjhsslry em frdhr tf ljbehvh tbh bekb dhalmd sltesgljtefm rhquerh-

ahmt, hsphjelccy duremk suaahr. Bfwhvhr, jfaplrhd tf tbh emetelc

mfm-fptealc systha, tbh mhw dhsekm stecc ljbehvhs l scekbtcy chss

prfdujtefm jfst fg grhsb wlthr (?.8/a:), em speth fg ets bekbhr tftlc

emvhstahmt jfst (Tloch :), tblm`s tf tbh ohtthr hmhrky almlkhahmt

lafmk ets suosysthas.

Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, l rhalr`loch rhsuct es tblt oftb fptealc

Zysthas L lmd O df mft emjcudh pbftfvfctlejs lt lcc, ohjlush fg tbh

bekb emvhstahmt jfst fg tbh cltthr. Jfmshquhmtcy, wemd turoemhs lrh

tbh prealry pfwhr khmhrltfrs fg lm hjfmfaejlccy fpteaezhd emvhst-

ahmt, lt chlst gfr tbh jurrhmt jfst-hgghjtevhmhss fg ^W umets.

4.?.?. ^lrlahtrej studehsLeaemk tf lmlcyzh gurtbhr tbh systha phrgfralmjh lmd rhsucts, l

plrlahtrej study fg tbh hgghjt fg esclmd sezh (rhsedhmt pfpucltefm) es

jlrrehd fut. L semkch-foihjtevh fpteaezltefm es phrgfrahd gfr hvhry

degghrhmt sezh hxlaemhd bhmjh tbh rhsucts lcwlys jfrrhspfmd tf

fptealc systhas.

TbhkrlpbsemGek.5 dhpejt tbh aemeaualjbehvlochwlthr prfdujtefm

jfst gfr twf degghrhmt ljjhptloch ceaets fg wlthr dhalmd sltesgljtefm, ls

gumjtefm fg tbh esclmd's rhsedhmt pfpucltefm. Gfr 5>% sltesgljtefm tbh

sphjej jfst fg prfdujhd wlthr rlmkhs grfa lofut ?.4/a: gfr l salcc

esclmd fg >> rhsedhmts, tf lofut ,>>>

rhsedhmts). Tbh prfdujtefm jfst ohjfahs, ls hxphjthd, queth bekbhr gfr

55% sltesgljtefm rhquerhahmt (Gek. 5), ohjlush tbh hmterh systha aust oh

fvhrsezhd tf jfvhr lcsf tbh phl` wlthr dhalmd phrefds.

Tbes es hvedhmt lcsf em tbh jfaplrltevh rhsucts fgGek. l lmd o. Lm

lcafst cemhlrdhphmdhmjh fm tbh pfpucltefmgfr lcc suosysthas emstlcchd

pfwhr jlm oh foshrvhd em tbhsh rhsucts. Tbh fpteaua wemd pfwhr

rhalems ? tf ?.8 teahs krhlthrtblm tbh dhslcemltefm pfwhr, wbhrhls tbh

puapemk stltefm pfwhr es lcafst hqulc tf tbh degghrhmjh ohtwhhm tbha,

em frdhr tf stfrh tbh _HZ prfdujtefm surpcus (Gek. l,o). Lcsf, tbh

fptealc bydrfturoemh bls fmcy lofut blcg fg tbh dhslcemltefm pfwhr,

semjh tbh gfrahr es ushd ls lm luxecelry lmd suppchahmtlry pfwhr

sfurjh. Ls et jlm oh shhm em Gek. >> a: gfr ?>,>>> rhsedhmts lmd gfr

5>% sltesgljtefm fg dhalmds. Tbh lofvh vlcuhs ohjfah 4 teahs clrkhr

gfr 55% sltesgljtefm ceaet (grfa 2>>> tf ?78,>>> a:, rhsphjtevhcy).

Tbh jlpljety gljtfrs fg tbh twf pfwhremk umets fg tbh dhslcemltefm

systha lrh drlwm emGek.


10/13

jlpljety gljtfr fg tbh prealry hmhrky sfurjh, wemd turoemhs, dfhs mft

jblmkh aujb gfr tbh bekb dhalmd jfvhremk (55%). Fm tbh jfmtrlry, em

tblt jlsh tbh bydrfturoemh jlpljety gljtfr rhdujhs suostlmtelccy

(Gek.


11/13

jurvhs, jlcchd ^lrhtf GrfmtsP?7Q, wbejb lrh eccustrlthd emGeks. rhsedhmts(Gek. .? gfr dhalmd sltesgljtefm 5>% fr cfwhr (Gek. > rhsedhmts lcwlys emjcudh l puaphd stfrlkh umet gfr lmy dhalmd

sltesgljtefm. Bfwhvhr, gfr salcchr esclmds tbh hmhrky stfrlkh ohjfahs

ummhjhsslry wbhm tbh wlthr dhalmd sltesgljtefm ceaet es ohcfw ;8%.

L afrh jfaprhbhmsevh pejturh fg tbh hgghjt fg dhalmd sltesgljtefm

ceaet fm tbh wlthr prfdujtefm jfst es kevhm emGek. > rhsedhmts, lmd tbhy lrh

seaeclr gfr salcchr fr clrkhr pfpucltefms. Tbh pbftfvfctlej prfdujtefm

umet ohjfahs plrt fg tbh fptealc systha wbhm ets emstlccltefm jfst

rhdujhs ohcfw :>>>/`[. Ls tbh jfst es gurtbhr rhdujhd, tbh ^W

fptealc sezh emjrhlshs cemhlrcy, lmd hxjhhds tbh wemd glra pfwhr em

tbh rlmkh ohtwhhm > lmd ?>>>/`[, dhphmdemk fm tbh dhalmd

sltesgljtefm ceaet (Gek. rhsedhmts.

Gek.


12/13

jfrrhspfmdemk wemd khmhrltfrs jfst (tl`hm >/`[, Zhjtefm :.:.?).

Tbh rhlsfm es tblt tbh hmterh sfclr prfdujtefm es lvlecloch duremk tbh

dlyteah, mlahcy wetbem tbh bekb wlthr dhalmd bfurs, em jfmtrlst tf

tbh wemd pfwhr, l jfmsedhrloch plrt fg wbejb aly oh khmhrlthd

duremk tbh mekbt. Tbes ldvlmtlkhfus ghlturh rhdujhs tbh mhhd gfr

hmhrky stfrlkh, rhsuctemk em salcchr fpteaua rhshrvfers sezh lmd

puaphd stfrlkh aljbemhry. Tbh cltthr jfaphmslths tbh bekbhr

emstlccltefm jfst fg pbftfvfctlejs jfaplrhd tf wemd khmhrltfrs.

Fm tbh ftbhr blmd, tbh fpteaua rhcltefm ohtwhhm bydrfturoemh

lmd dhslcemltefm emstlcchd pfwhr, desjusshd em Zhjtefm 4.?.:, es mft

lgghjthd oy tbh ^W prfdujtefm, ohjlush et es alemcy lssfjelthd wetb

phrefds fg phl` wlthr dhalmd lmd/fr emsugjehmt _HZ prfdujtefm.

Gfr tbh fptealc systhas fotlemhd wetbfut pbftfvfctlejs, tbh wemd

glra lmd bydrfturoemh jlpljety gljtfrs lrh lcwlys ohcfw ?>%, hvhm

gfr cfwhr sltesgljtefm ceaets tblm tbfsh sbfwm emGek.


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P?Q E.J. @lrlkelmmes, ^.K. Zfcdltfs, Jurrhmt stltus fg wlthr dhslcemltefm em tbh LhkhlmEsclmds, Dhslcemltefm ?>: (?>>7) 877>;) 4;75.

P4Q Z.L.@lcfkerfu, Zhlwlthrdhslcemltefmusemk rhmhwlochhmhrkysfurjhs, ^rfkrhssemHmhrky lmd Jfaoustefm Zjehmjh :< (?>>8) ?4??2;) : (?>>;) :47:78.

P;Q C. Klrjel-_fdrekuhz, _hmhwloch hmhrky lppcejltefms em dhslcemltefm9 stlth fg tbh

lrt, Zfclr Hmhrky ;8 (?>>:) :2>5)

Documents

Design study of a stand-alone desalination system powered by RES and a pumped storage unit