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Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2008 [email protected]
SI session
Fruits and Fruit
Development
Topic 19
Spring 2010Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 (Lab.)
Picture from http://www.tucsoncitizen.com/ss/related/88193
Fruit Related Terminology
• Fruit- a mature ovary.• Ovary- the enlarged basal portion of a carpel.• Carpel- the vessel that encloses the ovule/s; forms
the gynoecium.• Ovule- the structure that contains the female
gametophyte with egg cell, including the nucellus and integuments.
• Seed- a mature ovule.• Locules- chambers in the ovary that contain the
ovules.
From Dr.Hughey’s Bio3 Slide
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009
Seed-a mature ovule.
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Fruit - a mature ovary.
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Superior ovary Inferior ovary
Review
(Inferior/superior) ovary
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(Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)
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(Inferior/superior) ovary
(Epigynous/Hypogynous/Perigynous)
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Fruit structure
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Tomatoes is (fruit/vegetables)
Fruit Classification
• Fruit derived from more than 1 pistil– Multiple fruit- develop from a cluster
of mature ovaries produced by a cluster of mature flowers.
• Pineapple.
– Aggregate fruit- develop from several separate carpels of a single flower.
• Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry.
From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide
Simple Fruit Types- fruit derived from 1 pistil• Fleshy Simple Fruits
– Berries- fleshy inner layer. Tomatoes, banana, grapes.• Pepo- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae.• Hesperidium- a berry with a thick, leathery, separable rind. Citrus.
– Pome- fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple.– Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive.
• Dry Simple Fruits– Dehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing
the seeds.• Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures.
– Indehiscent- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit.
• Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded.• Achene- small. dandelion.
From Dr. Hughey’s Bio3 class slide
__________From ovaries of a cluster of mature flowers.
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Multiple fruit
Fruit derived from (one pistil/more than 1 pistil) from one more than flowers.
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Aggregate fruit-
-From several separate carpels of a single flower.eg.) Raspberry, strawberry, blackberry.
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•Fleshy Simple Fruits–Berries- fleshy inner layer.
•Fleshy Simple Fruits–Berries- fleshy inner layer.
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-Tomatoes, banana, grapes.Kiwi
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•________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae.
Pepo
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•________- a berry with a thick, leathery, inseparable rind. Cucurbitaceae. Eg.)
Pumpkin, Zuchimi, Squash, cucumber, water melon
Pepo
________- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive, mango
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Drupes
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Mango has stony endocarp. So… Drupes
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“Almond is also the name of the edible and widely cultivated seed of this tree. Although popularly referred to as a nut, the almond seed or fruit is botanically not a true nut, but the seed of a drupe (a botanic name for a type of fruit).” -Wikipedia
Almond (Prunus dulcis)
Drupes
–Drupes- stony endocarp. Peach, cherry, olive.
____________: Berry with a leathery rind. Hesperidium
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Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009
Pome________ - fleshy hypanthium. Pear, apple.
A single-seeded berry.
The pericarp is differentiated into three layers of tissues: the outer layer is exocarp, which commonly is called the skin or rind. The middle layer is mesocarp which, generally,makes up the bulk of the pericarp. The inner layer is endocarp which, in some fruits is tough, leathery or hard, in other fruits is soft or fleshy.
There are two main classes of fleshy fruits: drupes and berries. Drupes are characterized by having a fleshy mesocarp but a tough-leathery or bony endocarp. They are said to have "stones" or "pits" rather than seeds (example: peaches). Also, a drupe usually has only a single seed. Berries, to the contrary, are characterized by having a fleshy endocarp, as well as mesocarp, and may have more than one seed.
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009
Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009
–__________ tissue of the mature ovary wall splits open, freeing the seeds.
•Legume- dehisces along 2 sutures.
Dehiscent fruits -Open to release their seeds.Indihiscent fruits -don't open.
Dehiscent-
–__________- tissue of the mature ovary wall remains sealed with seeds remaining in the fruit.
•Nut- hard pericarp, usually one-seeded.•Achene- small. dandelion.
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Indehiscent
Legume
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Nut
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Nut
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AcheneAchene